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Assessment Of Integrated Water Resources Management Practice In Yatta Canal, Machakos District, Kenya, Lawrence Simitu
Assessment Of Integrated Water Resources Management Practice In Yatta Canal, Machakos District, Kenya, Lawrence Simitu
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Yatta Canal is situated in Yatta division, Machakos district about 100 km from Nairobi along Thika- Garissa road. It is about 60 Km long and supplies water for domestic, livestock and irrigation use. Over the years, the water supply has been unreliable especially during dry season leading to conflicts between upstream and downstream consumers. Sometimes the Government has been forced to intervene to restore order. The study aimed at assessing the use of Yatta canal, based on the principles of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) which stipulates efficient use of water and involvement of all stakeholders in decision making for …
Sediment Yield Prediction In Tanzania: Case Study Of Dodoma District Catchments, Mathew Mulemgera
Sediment Yield Prediction In Tanzania: Case Study Of Dodoma District Catchments, Mathew Mulemgera
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Soil erosion and sedimentation is serious and is resulting in rapid sedimentation of streams and reservoirs in Tanzania. This makes sediment yield modeling important before undertaking water resources development projects, although it has so far not been done in the country. At present sediment yield prediction can be done using physically based models, empirical soil erosion and sediment yield models, and sediment rating curves. The physically based models contain numerous parameters that are difficult to measure or estimate, making them inappropriate in developing countries like Tanzania. The rating curves give rough estimates while the empirical sediment yield models need runoff …
Quality Control In The Construction Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Dar Es Salaam, I Rubaratuka
Quality Control In The Construction Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Dar Es Salaam, I Rubaratuka
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Quality Control in the construction industry is very important to ensure that what is being done conforms to the applicable standards or good practice and the contract documents. In this article, results of investigations conducted at different construction sites for reinforced concrete buildings in Dar es Salaam to check if quality control measures are being implemented are discussed. It has been established that generally quality control is not properly carried out. Finally, measures to enhance quality control on sites are outlined.
Sedimentation Status Of Lake Victoria: Loading From River Mouth And In-Lake Sedimentation, F Mwanuzi1
Sedimentation Status Of Lake Victoria: Loading From River Mouth And In-Lake Sedimentation, F Mwanuzi1
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Lake sediments consist of the input of suspended solids by river discharges, the autochthonous produced particulate matter in the water column and the settled material on the lake bottom. The loading, transport, formation and decay of the sediments entering the Lake Victoria from Tanzanian side was monitored for the period 2000 to 2005. The sedimentation study focused on; quantification of settling fluxes of particulate nutrients and organic carbon at the off shore(Pelagic) and near-shore(Littoral) monitoring stations. Monitored data on sedimentation rate and settling velocities has been sampled and analysed in the period November 2000 to March 2005. The mean sedimentation …
Open Source Software In Health Information Systems: Opportunities And Challenges, Hashim Twaakyondo
Open Source Software In Health Information Systems: Opportunities And Challenges, Hashim Twaakyondo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The paper presents results of a study seeking to identify constraining and motivating factors associated with the adoption and use of Free Open Source Software to computerise health Information Systems in a developing country. The study approach is interpretive research to case study with a triangulation of several qualitative data collection methods such as interviews, group discussions and document analysis. The findings indicate that using open source software has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are low entry cost to adopting software, possibilities of software localization, avoiding being hostage of proprietary software and foster knowledge acquisition among software developers. The disadvantages …
Strategies For Promoting The Use Of Concrete Pavements In Tanzania: Technical And Institutional Considerations, Mfinanga A
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
High-type roads in Tanzania have been predominantly of asphaltic concrete construction. This ever enlarging and ageing asphaltic road network represents increasing resource requirements on the road agency in the form of maintenance. Limited resources coupled with the ever sky-rocketing costs of petroleum products and the competing demands of social economic developments, presupposes the need to look for alternative road construction technology that is more cost-effective and resource optimising. Experience gained from developed and some developing countries where concrete pavements have been widely used suggests the potential of this type of pavement in many developing countries. This paper discusses the technical …
Correlation Between Sunshine Hours And Climatic Parameters At Four Locations In Uganda, K. Karume, E. J. K. B Banda, J Mubiru, M Majaliwa
Correlation Between Sunshine Hours And Climatic Parameters At Four Locations In Uganda, K. Karume, E. J. K. B Banda, J Mubiru, M Majaliwa
Tanzania Journal of Science
One of the most important factors in solar energy production is related to the predictability of sunshine hours. The objective of this study is to assess the correlation between sunshine hours and relative humidity, cloud cover, maximum and minimum temperature, for the purpose of identifying the most appropriate parameter(s) for the prediction of sunshine hours in Uganda. Climatic data for the meteorological stations of Entebbe, Mbarara, Tororo and Makerere, extending over a period of 15 years (1990-2005) was collected from the Department of Meteorology, Kampala. The data set included maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity at 6 am and at …
An Assessment Of Methods For Sampling Carabid Beetles (Coleptera: Carabidae) In A Montane Rain Forest, B. A. Nyundo, J. G. Yarro
An Assessment Of Methods For Sampling Carabid Beetles (Coleptera: Carabidae) In A Montane Rain Forest, B. A. Nyundo, J. G. Yarro
Tanzania Journal of Science
Pitfall trapping is the traditional method for sampling carabid beetles and other grounddwelling invertebrates. Tests were carried out in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park between March 1999 and July 2000. Results indicated that pitfall traps were less efficient compared to manual searching methods, both in terms of relative abundance and species richness of carabid beetles. The results are discussed in the context of biodiversity inventories in theEastern Arc Mountains.
Determination Of Elemental Composition Of Air Particulates And Soils In Khartoum Area, F. I. Habbani, E. M. Eltahir, A. S. Ibrahim
Determination Of Elemental Composition Of Air Particulates And Soils In Khartoum Area, F. I. Habbani, E. M. Eltahir, A. S. Ibrahim
Tanzania Journal of Science
Investigations were carried out for elemental composition of air particulates in the background air and near roadsides in Khartoum area. Investigations were also performed for the elemental composition of soils at the same locations. A cyclone and a dichotomous virtual impactor wereused to measure the air particulates. The cyclone was adjusted to collect particles having an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5!m. The virtual impactor, through its fine channel, was capable of collecting airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis was used to study the elemental concentrations of the air and soil samples. The …
Assessment Of Fecal Bacteria Contamination In Sewage And Non-Sewage Impacted Mangrove Ecosystems Along The Coast Of Dar Es Salaam, A. A. Abbu, Thomas J. Tj Lyimo
Assessment Of Fecal Bacteria Contamination In Sewage And Non-Sewage Impacted Mangrove Ecosystems Along The Coast Of Dar Es Salaam, A. A. Abbu, Thomas J. Tj Lyimo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Microbiological quality of the intertidal pool water was evaluated in sewage impacted (Mtoni Kijichi) and non-sewage impacted (Rasi Dege) mangrove forest sites along the coast of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The Most Probable Number method was used for estimating the total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and fecal enterococci (ENT) levels. In addition, physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, salinity and nutrients) were measured. The results for microbial fecal indicators were compared to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines for marine recreational and shellfish harvesting waters. Fecal bacteria contamination was significantly higher at Mtoni Kijichi …
The Limnology Of The Lake Tanganyika Sub Catchment, H. H. Nkotagu, C. B. Athuman
The Limnology Of The Lake Tanganyika Sub Catchment, H. H. Nkotagu, C. B. Athuman
Tanzania Journal of Science
A limnological study covering the Lake Tanganyika sub catchment was conducted during the dry season at 20 accessible sites on 8 rivers, 2 lakes and a dam. Standard methods were used to determine the levels of abiotic parameters from water samples. Physical parameters including EC, Eh, turbidity, temperature, pH and secchi transparency were measured in situ while chlorophyll a was determined in the laboratory. Nutrients such as NO3-, SiO2, PO4 3- and Fe2+ were determined along with HCO3-. Significant changes in the levels of the abiotic parameters and nutrients have been observed at various sampling sites throughout the study area. …
Characteristics And Dyes Biodegradation Potential Of Crude Lignolytic Enzymes From White-Rot Fungus Crepidotus Variabilis Isolated In Coastal Tanzania, G. Y. S. Gys Mtui
Characteristics And Dyes Biodegradation Potential Of Crude Lignolytic Enzymes From White-Rot Fungus Crepidotus Variabilis Isolated In Coastal Tanzania, G. Y. S. Gys Mtui
Tanzania Journal of Science
Lignocellulosic enzymes from Crepidotus variabilis collected from mangrove forests of coastal Tanzania were investigated by using standard methods, and their ability to degrade aromatic compounds were elucidated. The fungal crude enzyme filtrates had maximum laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) activities of 70 U/mL, 16 U/mL and 8, U/mL respectively. The crude enzyme extracts were able to oxidize rhemazol brilliant blue-R (RBB-R) dye, phenol, "-naphthol and pyrogallol. Also, they could remove up to 58% and 92% color from raw textile effluent and aromatic dyes, respectively, after 14 days of incubation at 30ºC and pH 4.5. Desalted and …
Chemical Constituents And Biological Activity Of Three Tanzanian Wild Mushroom Species, L.D. Baraza, C. C. Joseph, M. J. Moshi, M. H. H. Nkunya
Chemical Constituents And Biological Activity Of Three Tanzanian Wild Mushroom Species, L.D. Baraza, C. C. Joseph, M. J. Moshi, M. H. H. Nkunya
Tanzania Journal of Science
The three Tanzanian wild mushroom species Termitomyces letestui, Lactarius edulis and Agaricus sp. aff. arvensis yielded ergosterol, 5,8-peroxyergosterol and ergosta-5,22-dien-3β-ol, and a mixture of ergosterol, ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol and ergosta-7-en-3β-ol whose composition was deduced from gas chromatography/mass spectroscopic (GC/MS) analysis of the trimethysilylated mixture. GC/MS analysis of the lipid fraction from T. letestu revealed the presence of linoleic (C18:2), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), palmitic (C16:0), pentadecanoic (C15:0) and myristic (C14:0) acid. Polar T. letestui and L. edulis fractions yielded α,α,1'trehalose andmannitol. Some of the crude extracts from the three mushroom species showed mild antimicrobial, mosquito larvicidal and cytotoxic activities. The chemical composition …
Effect Of High Pressurized Carbon Dioxide On Escherichia Coli, I. P. Bateebe, O Kibazohi
Effect Of High Pressurized Carbon Dioxide On Escherichia Coli, I. P. Bateebe, O Kibazohi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Carbon dioxide at high pressure can retard microbial growth and sometimes kill microorganisms depending on values of applied pressure, temperature and exposure time. In this study the effect of high pressurised carbon dioxide (HPCD) on Escherichia coli was investigated. Culture of E. coli was subjected to high pressurised carbon dioxide at 15, 25 and 35 bar, and varying exposure times of 20, 40, 60 and 90 minutes at room temperature (27 oC). Microbial inactivation increased with pressure and exposure time. For the first 20 minutes reduction of viable microbial cells was 18%, 30% and 36% at 15, 25 and 35 …
Impact Of Small Scale Gold Mining On Soils Of The Wetland Forests In East Usambara, Tanzania, C. Kweyunga, R. B. M. Rbm Senzota
Impact Of Small Scale Gold Mining On Soils Of The Wetland Forests In East Usambara, Tanzania, C. Kweyunga, R. B. M. Rbm Senzota
Tanzania Journal of Science
Soil pits in disturbed and natural wetland forests of East Usambara were excavated and soil profile samples collected and analysed for physical and chemical properties. Their physical and chemical characteristics were found to be sharply different from those of the surrounding hills. Differences included lack of A Horizon, water saturation, presence of very high organic matter, very low pH and hence very poor in basic cations, and low microbial activity. Nutrient recycling, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, tended to shift from mineralization to immobilization. Effects of soil disturbance on both physical and chemical characteristics of the soils were also very vivid. …
Preparation And Nucleophilic Substitution Of The 2,4,6-Triphenylpyridinium Salts, Diazonium Intermediates And N,N-1,2-Benzenedisulfonylimides Of Chiral Amino Acids, S. A. Said
Tanzania Journal of Science
Three methods for preparation of D-amino acids by nucleophilic substitution on derivatives of their L-antipodes have been attempted. Nucleophilic substitution on optically active phenylalanine ethyl ester triphenylpyridinium salt yielded partial inverted azide products. The N,N-disulfonylimide intermediate of the same ester was synthesized in high yield and optical purity, but the substitution reaction on this compound was not achieved. Diazotization of amino acid ammonium chlorides and tosylates in solution of sodium azide in aprotic solvents gave optically active chloro and tosyl compounds instead of the intended azide products. Alternative methods to circumvent the problem of the competing ammonium salt counterions duringdiazotization …
Nyumba Ya Mungu Reservoir System Simulation By Using Hec-Ressim Model, Deogratias Mulungu
Nyumba Ya Mungu Reservoir System Simulation By Using Hec-Ressim Model, Deogratias Mulungu
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
This research paper focused on estimating effective water and optimization of the NyM reservoir for storage conservation and hydropower generation. Several models were used in the study: the Rainfall-Runoff model, GFFS was used to fill in missing data, and the HEC-ResSim Model and the NWBM for reservoir system simulation and water balance respectively. The effective inflows to the NyM reservoir were determined using HEC-ResSim model and the NWBM used to check the total water loss in the system. For the reservoir system simulation, the HEC-ResSim model was used to estimate water loss through irrigation abstractions in Kikuletwa and Ruvu reaches …
Socio-Economic Impacts Of Water Scarcity In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Shadrack Mwakalila
Socio-Economic Impacts Of Water Scarcity In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Shadrack Mwakalila
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Drought and the resulting low water levels in rivers exacerbate water scarcity conditions in Dar es Salaam city. The result is frequent water rationing in areas served with piped water, sometimes for days or weeks, and low water pressure, which leads residents to resort to other less safe and sometimes more expensive water sources. The frequent and current response to the inadequate piped water supply in Dar es Salaam has been the use of groundwater resources. There are both public and private bore-holes and wells drilling companies in Dar es Salaam.. This paper therefore, presents some socio-economic impacts of water …
Program For The Analysis Of Plane Trusses, John Makunza
Program For The Analysis Of Plane Trusses, John Makunza
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The ‘TRAP - TRuss Analysis Program’ can assist engineers in the analysis of plane truss-type structures, as well as prove an excellent basis for understanding the “finite – element” method. The Program is completely menu-driven, with all nodes, elements, and load data entered through an input file. TRAP includes plotting for displaying the truss geometry in its original shape showing all nodes and support points. In the analysis process, firstly the structure data; e.g number of nodes, elements, materials and supports are to be defined. Secondly, element properties and support constraints have to be specified. Finally, nodal global loads are …
Optimal Utilization Of Timber Poles As Structural Members Of Formwork, Ladislaus Lwambuka
Optimal Utilization Of Timber Poles As Structural Members Of Formwork, Ladislaus Lwambuka
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Timber poles of the type “Mirunda” are commonly used in East Africa as formwork support structures for casting of reinforced concrete slabs, beams and canopies. It is also widely known that the “Mirunda” poles as structural members of formwork are massively used without any structural consideration and guidance. This common practice has resulted into wastage of natural resources and escalated construction costs. This study has attempted to establish the load bearing capacity of randomly selected “Mirunda” poles through laboratory testing. Using an existing construction site as a case study, the results have been used to establish the actual number of …
Preliminary Estimates Of Building Cost And The Lowest Evaluated Tender, Harriet Eliufoo
Preliminary Estimates Of Building Cost And The Lowest Evaluated Tender, Harriet Eliufoo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The paper has investigated and established to what extent are preliminary estimates of building costs close to the lowest evaluated tender and how geographical proximity influences the variance between preliminary estimate and the lowest evaluated tender. A multiple case study constituting 43 building projects in Tanzania were statistically analysed covering a period from 1995- 1999. Findings reveal a significant variance exists between the quantity surveyor’s preliminary estimate figure and the lowest evaluated tender; and that the variance between the quantity surveyor’s figure and the bidder is small when the proposed building project is geographically closer to the quantity surveyor’s base. …
Software Engineering: A Fundamental Approach To Automate And Interface Medical Electronic Systems With Computers In Healthcare Systems, Hashim Twaakyondo
Software Engineering: A Fundamental Approach To Automate And Interface Medical Electronic Systems With Computers In Healthcare Systems, Hashim Twaakyondo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The cost for application software and propriatry standards (i.e. data structure and formats) required for storing clinical datasets from electronic device cause the use of time-consuming paper-based documentation and/or the transfer of electronic lab records manually to the PC database systems in Mother-Offspring Malaria Study (MOMS) Laboratory Unit located in Morogoro Regional Hospital, Tanzania. We have explored the ability to extract laboratory results from Haematology analyzer machine for easy management, access and storage. The methodology and tools used during the study includes; site survey and hands-on practice for requirement engineering, visual basic 6.0 for interface design and Microsoft Access for …
Adaptive Iir Filters For Single Interference Suppression In A Bpsk Ds Cdma System In Rayleigh Fading Channel, Aloys Mvuma
Adaptive Iir Filters For Single Interference Suppression In A Bpsk Ds Cdma System In Rayleigh Fading Channel, Aloys Mvuma
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
In this paper, effect of a single narrow-band interference (NBI) on bit error rate (BER) performance for a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) synchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS CDMA) communication system operating in a frequency nonselective Rayleigh fading channel is analyzed. Second-order adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) notch filters with plain gradient algorithm (GA) for suppression of NBI in the DS CDMA system are proposed. A general closed-form BER expression for the DS CDMA system with NBI suppression second order adaptive IIR notch filters is derived based on the standard Gaussian approximation (SGA) method. BER expressions are then derived …
Oaming Characteristics Of The Food-Industry Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant, Samwel V. Manyele
Oaming Characteristics Of The Food-Industry Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant, Samwel V. Manyele
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Intensive foaming observed during aeration of the aerobic food industry wastewater treatment plant is presented. This study was conducted to establish the foaming characteristics using a pilot three-phase fluidized bed bioreactor (TPFBB). A fluidization column (0.2 m i.d. and 6 m high) was used. The TPFBB was loaded with variable masses of novel biomass support particles (BSP). Wastewater samples collected from a plant processing both vegetable oil (VOPWW) and soap (SPWW) were immediately introduced in the TPFBB for aeration. The characteristics studied include: variation of foam volume with time, foam multiplicity, foaming and foam collapse rates. The SPWW produced excessive …
Characterization Of On-Road Petrol Vehicle Emissions Patterns In Dar Es Salaam City (Tanzania), Geoffrey John
Characterization Of On-Road Petrol Vehicle Emissions Patterns In Dar Es Salaam City (Tanzania), Geoffrey John
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Motor vehicle emissions have been identified to be the major source of air pollution in most urban cities. It has serious impact on urban air quality and public health. The Governments of many countries need to adopt stringent vehicle emissions regulations to protect the air quality, the undertaking of which can only be implemented once the problem at hand is known. In the present study, the characteristics of on road vehicle emissions from the selected local ar~as at the city of Dar es Salaam in a developing country for in-use petrol vehicles for urban driving conditions ranging from idling, lOkm/h …
Investigation On Distribution Of Cast Properties On Aluminum Plates Poured By Side Gating Technique, Joseph Runyoro
Investigation On Distribution Of Cast Properties On Aluminum Plates Poured By Side Gating Technique, Joseph Runyoro
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Casting technologies wllich improve casting yield and intenzal sOllndness of thin wall cast components are of particular interest to industry especially for critical applications. The main aim of fOll1ldries is to achieve castings free from defects at low cost. It hils been thought that pouring casting by side ingate technique improve directional solidification as the metal stays hot for long time in the feeder cum ingate. Experiments were carried alit IIsing a side gating technique to cast a number of 300 mm x 300 mm LMO and LM 25 plates in furall and pepset sand moulds. The thickness used was …
Determination Of Wind Loads Causing Flutter Effects, Ladislaus Lwambuka
Determination Of Wind Loads Causing Flutter Effects, Ladislaus Lwambuka
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A new method on the determination Of wind forces by experimental means in a wind tunnel is discussed. The method reported herein is based on the identification methodology Of model parameters under time response (i.e. time domain identification). As a test model, a thin plate Of Cypress wood, elasticully suspended in three degrees Of freedom to represent the idealized form of a classical airfoil, for Which theoretical wind load parameters exist, has been employed. Wind load parameters, experimentally obtained on the test model under the new method, are compared With the theoretical values of classical airfoils. Advantages of the new …
Geometric Programming As A General Method For Phase And Reaction Equilibrium Calculations, Godwill Mrema
Geometric Programming As A General Method For Phase And Reaction Equilibrium Calculations, Godwill Mrema
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Geometric programming has been used to calculate a large mtmber ofdifferent ideal and non-ideal equilibria, including, for reaction and For non-ideal Systems the primal program is solved a number Of times With the nan-ideal terms fixed each time. After each primal solution, the nan-ideal terms are "'hdated using the corresponding dun! solution. This iteration generally converges. We have included one counter-example, where the failure is caused by the equation Of state, which Cannot giu• correct roots.
Impact Of Institutional Framework On Wetland Management In Tanzania, Shadrack Mwakalila
Impact Of Institutional Framework On Wetland Management In Tanzania, Shadrack Mwakalila
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Wetland loss continues today despite fhe existence of institutions With a specific mandate to manage uvtlands in Tanzania. In reviewing this apparent contradiction, this paper Soes in depth to explore the existing sectors associated with the development and management Of wetlands in the Country. Specifically it focuses on institutional framework a: Village level, Ward level, District level and national level. Among the key sectors consulted includes; agriculture and livestock, wildlife, forestry, fisheries, t'üier resources, lands, minerals and energy. The interest While visiting them was aiming at exploring the existing opportunity With regard to the tulues of the wetlands and their …
Performance Of Aerobic Bioreactors During Treatment Of Tanning Industry Wastewater, Samwel V. Manyele
Performance Of Aerobic Bioreactors During Treatment Of Tanning Industry Wastewater, Samwel V. Manyele
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The performance of aerobic bioreactors loaded with novel biomass support (the KMT® support particles) during the treatment of tanning industry wastewater is presented in this paper. The wastewater samples were collected from TANWAT Company in Njombe, which extracts tannins from barks of the wattle tree. The wastewater generated from T ANWAT is very acidic with high loading of organic compounds, which are very complex and difficult to biodegrade using conventional methods. The paper introduces a new technology for treatment of heavily loaded industrial wastewater, like tannins, that is the Three-Phase Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (TPFBB) which utilizes the KM'f® support particles. …