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Analytical Modeling Of A Large Local Area Network - Part I: Internet Traffic Characterization, Mathew Luhanga
Analytical Modeling Of A Large Local Area Network - Part I: Internet Traffic Characterization, Mathew Luhanga
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The goal of both IP network operators and the end users is to get the highest performance from the system for a given cost. This makes Performance a key criterion in the design, procurement, and use of computer and communication systems. In order to address problems associated with performance degradation of operational communications systems, over the last decade, traffic engineering techniques have emerged in an attempt to optimize communication systems’ performance and ensure more efficient use of their resources. One of these techniques is analytical modeling. Analytic performance models are an excellent tool for quickly evaluating the performance of operational …
Improving The Design Of Low Volume Sealed Roads In Tanzania, Mfinanga A
Improving The Design Of Low Volume Sealed Roads In Tanzania, Mfinanga A
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The main objective of the study was to identify appropriate road designs for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSRs) with the aim of improving the design of such roads in Tanzania. The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam and Morogoro regions in Tanzania where data for LVSRs were collected from primary and secondary sources in the two regions. The study found that by using an improved pavement design method specifically meant for LVSRs results in cost savings for LVSRs of up to 51% compared with the conventional method of pavement design in Tanzania. The study recommends that the pavement design …
Integrated Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques For Groundwater Exploration In Semi-Arid Region: A Case Of Karamoja Region – Uganda, Lubang Nobert
Integrated Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques For Groundwater Exploration In Semi-Arid Region: A Case Of Karamoja Region – Uganda, Lubang Nobert
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Groundwater is a precious resource that covers wide geographical extent. Proper evaluation is required in order to ensure prudent use of groundwater resources. The current groundwater assessment in Karamoja region, as in many parts of the world, uses Apparent Resistivity and Vertical Electrical Sounding, which has limited coverage to some localized usually predetermined areas. Comprehensive groundwater development program needs a wide area coverage and large volume of multidisciplinary data. In the present study, an integrated remote sensing and GIS based methodology is developed and tested for the evaluation of groundwater resources of Karamoja Sub Region, Northeastern Uganda. The components of …
The Effect Of Rotation And Temperature On The Inhibition Performance Of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Nut Shell Liquid On Co2 Corrosion Of Carbon Steel, J Mutasingwa
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A natural extract of cashew nut shells, Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 3% NaCl solutions saturated with CO2 gas using electrochemical techniques (i.e. potentiodynamic polarization and ac-impedance). The investigation was performed at different temperatures under static and dynamic conditions using a Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE). It was found that CNSL reduces the electrochemical processes taking place on carbon steel undergoing corrosion. The percentage inhibitor efficiency increases with increase in CNSL concentration and decreases with rise in temperature. Better performance at low CNSL concentration was registered under dynamic conditions and room …
Potential Use Of Waterguard As A Disinfectant For Domestic Water Use, Yohana L
Potential Use Of Waterguard As A Disinfectant For Domestic Water Use, Yohana L
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
been identified as an alternative method for treatment of domestic drinking water. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Water Guard in disinfecting drinking water from different sources drawn from Kinondoni district, Dar es Salaam as well as to establish appropriate dosage that can be used during the treatment. Results showed that, a dose of 4.0mL per 20 litrer of water guard is sufficient for disinfection of urban water sources. The above prescribed doses provide 100% disinfection efficiency with residue chlorine of less than 0.3mg/l. Water with turbidity values of 30-35 NTU, chlorine dosage of 8mL/20 …
Investigation Of The Effect Of Particle Size On Groundnut-Oil Solvent Extraction, S Manyele
Investigation Of The Effect Of Particle Size On Groundnut-Oil Solvent Extraction, S Manyele
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
An investigation of the effect of particle size on the performance of vegetable oil recovery by solvent extraction is reported. Experiments were conducted using soxhlet extractor, groundnuts and n-hexane. Samples were grouped into mean particle sizes of 0.25, 0.75, 1.3, 3.3, and 7.5 mm using standard sieves. The effect of particle size was studied for extraction time intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 hours. The oil yield, oil recovered per kg solvent used, kg solvent lost per unit time, and the rate of extraction (kg oil recovered per hour) decreased with increasing particle size. Meanwhile, the percent …
Identification Of Unbalanced Forces And Foundation Parameters Of Rotating Machines From Vibration Measurements, Nalitolela G
Identification Of Unbalanced Forces And Foundation Parameters Of Rotating Machines From Vibration Measurements, Nalitolela G
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A technique is described to use measured vibration data of a rotating machine and its foundation to identify unbalanced forces, stiffness and damping parameters of the mountings, and the parameters of the foundation. It is based on an idealisation treating the rotor, the machine structure and the foundation as rigid masses supported by springs and dampers. Operational vibration data of the machine and its foundation before and after the rotating unbalanced forces are perturbed by adding unbalanced mass to the rotor are used in the identification procedure. Once the parameters are identified, dynamic forces transmitted to the foundation can be …
The Multivariate Statistical Analysis Of Abiotic Parameters Of The Lake Tanganyika Sub Catchment, Hudson Nkotagu
The Multivariate Statistical Analysis Of Abiotic Parameters Of The Lake Tanganyika Sub Catchment, Hudson Nkotagu
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Results from multivariate statistical analysis of abiotic parameters conducted during the dry season at 20 accessible sites on 8 rivers, 2 lakes and a dam covering the Lake Tanganyika sub catchment are discussed. Standard methods were used to determine the levels of abiotic parameters from water samples. Physical parameters including DO, EC, Eh, turbidity, temperature, pH and secchi transparency were measured in situ while chlorophyll a was determined in the laboratory. Nutrients such as NO3-, SiO2, PO4 3- and Fe2+ were determined along with HCO3-. Factor analysis resulted in four factors including increased primary productivity, redox conditions, dissolution, and reduction …
An Equation For Estimating The (R) Usle Slope Steepness Factors, Mathew Mulemgera
An Equation For Estimating The (R) Usle Slope Steepness Factors, Mathew Mulemgera
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Abstract Currently three equations are used for calculating slope steepness factor for the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE); one for slopes less than nine percent, the second for slopes equal or greater than nine percent, and the third equation that has been proposed for use in China for slopes equal or greater than 17 %. The three equations have linear relationships between slope steepness factor, S and the sine of the slope angle, θ. The three equations under predict the factor, S when used on slope steepness beyond the data sets used to develop them. In addressing this problem …
Sme Finance, Development And Trade In Botswana: A Gender Perspective, S M. Kapunda, B. Magembe, J. Shunda
Sme Finance, Development And Trade In Botswana: A Gender Perspective, S M. Kapunda, B. Magembe, J. Shunda
Business Management Review
This study examines gender-wise the relationship between SMEs ' financing, development and trade in Botswana. Data was collected through personal interviews and questionnaires to two sets of 100 SMEs selected randomly. The data was analysed using essentially SPSS. The results reveal that lack of funds especially for "large" SMEs (mainly medium) is not considered to be a major problem in Botswana because the government has instituted mechanisms for assisting SMEs in accessing affordable sources of funds. Some of the SMEs regarded stiff competition, lack of a market and non-payment of accounts by clients as big problems.. However, women experienced more …
Predictive Ability Of Ordinary Certificate Of Secondary Education Grades To Advanced Certificate Of Secondary Education: Evidence From Tanzania's Necta Results, Ulingeta O.L. Mbamba
Predictive Ability Of Ordinary Certificate Of Secondary Education Grades To Advanced Certificate Of Secondary Education: Evidence From Tanzania's Necta Results, Ulingeta O.L. Mbamba
Business Management Review
Normally, selection of students for higher education is based on previous performance. Whether or not previous performance is a good predictor varies for different examining bodies. This study evaluates the predictive ability of Tanzania ' s Ordinary Certificate of Secondary Education (OCSE) performance to Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education (ACSE) performance using linear regression and chi-square tests. By linking OCSE of 2003 and 2004 with ACSE of 2006 and 2007, respectively, research results indicate that the OCSE is a good predictor for ACSE. The predictive ability of OCSE improves as data are disaggregated based on whether or not students studied …
Burnout And Auditor Work Behaviours In Tanzanian Public Accounting Firms, Judika King'ori
Burnout And Auditor Work Behaviours In Tanzanian Public Accounting Firms, Judika King'ori
Business Management Review
This study examined the effect of work stressors (time pressure, work ambiguity, work overload, and work conflict) and Burnout experienced by auditors working in Tanzanian audit firms, on organisational outcomes that are important to the effectiveness of the service offered by these firms. The work behaviours that were examined are Under-reporting of worked time (URT), Premature signing of audit steps in the audit programme without actually carrying out the required work (PMSO), and Turnover intentions (TI). The survey data was collected from a sample of forty (40) auditors at manager to assistant level, who are currently practising in various public …
Iso 9000 Certification: Some Lessons From A Large Firm In Tanzania, Charity N. Mwakio, Elinami Minja
Iso 9000 Certification: Some Lessons From A Large Firm In Tanzania, Charity N. Mwakio, Elinami Minja
Business Management Review
We present some findings on the implementations and achievements of ISO 9000 standard certification at the Tanzania Cigarette Company (TCC). Among other things we examine the motivation behind adoption of the standard and attempt to measure the implemented changes in terms of quality management. Though positive social impact, improved business results and increased customer satisfaction were recorded in the period following ISO 9000 implementation, these results were not viewed as resulting from ISO 9000 quality standard but rather from privatisation and what transpired during the process of seeking ISO 9000 certification. The findings suggest that ISO 9000 certification does not …
Business Constraints And Growth Potential Of Micro And Small Manufacturing Enterprises In Uganda, Esther Ishengoma, Robert Kappel
Business Constraints And Growth Potential Of Micro And Small Manufacturing Enterprises In Uganda, Esther Ishengoma, Robert Kappel
Business Management Review
Ugandan micro and small enterprises (MSEs) still perform poorly. Studies associating poor performance of manufacturers with lack of finance and low investment ignore micro enterprises. Those focusing on MSEs are either exploratory in nature or employ a descriptive analysis, which cannot show the extent to which business constraints explain the performance of MSEs. Thus, this paper tries to examine the extent to which the growth of MSEs is associated with business constraints while controlling for owners ' attributes and firms ' characteristics. The results reveal that MSEs ' growth potential is negatively associated with limited access to productive resources (finance …
Survey Of Wind Power Potential For Wind-Based Electricity At Makambako, Iringa Tanzania, Rmr Kainkwa
Survey Of Wind Power Potential For Wind-Based Electricity At Makambako, Iringa Tanzania, Rmr Kainkwa
Tanzania Journal of Science
The potential for wind-generated electricity is examined using 22 months wind data collected from a prospective site located in the southern highlands of Tanzania. While the data for the year 2001 was from March to December that of 2002 was for all the twelve months of the year.Characteristics of monthly and annual wind speed and direction are systematically investigated based on hourly time-series data using Windographer software. The Weibull shape factors k corresponding to a height of 50 m were found to be 3.10 and 3.80 while the scale factors c were 11.06 and 12.27 m/s for the years 2001 …
The Performance Of Maize Crop During Acid Amelioration With Organic Residues In Soils Of Mtwara, Tanzania, Ae Majule, Jo Omollo
The Performance Of Maize Crop During Acid Amelioration With Organic Residues In Soils Of Mtwara, Tanzania, Ae Majule, Jo Omollo
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study evaluated acid ameliorative potential and their effects on maize growth of four organic residues namely wild spikenard, cordia, cowpea and pigeon peas through incubations with or without sulphur. This was done in order to recommend potential organic residue source that could ameliorate soil acidity associated with sulphur dusting. Increased levels of sulphur in the soils reduced the growth and dry matter yields of maize due to intense acidification while maize growth and dry matter yields in soils which organic residues were incorporated was enhanced. Enhancement in maize performance may be a result of reduced soil acidity due to …
Involvement Of Methyltransferases Enzymes During The Energy Metabolism Of The Anaerobic Archaeon Methanosarcina Semesiae Sp. Nov., Tj Lyimo
Tanzania Journal of Science
The methyl group transfer from dimethylsulfide (DMS), trimethylamine and methanol to 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (coenzyme M) were investigated from cell extracts of Methanosarcina semesiae sp. nov. to evaluate whether the enzyme systems involved were constitutive or inductive. The extracts from cells grown on DMS exhibited methanogenic activity exclusively with DMS and methanethiol. Likewise when cells were pre-grown on trimethylamine or methanol the extracts only produced methane from the respective metaboilic substrate. Dimethylsulfide:methyl-coenzyme M transferase activity was dependent on ATP, but hydrogen did not stimulate activity. The fact that ATP could be replaced by the reductant Ti(III)-citrate indicates that reductive activation of …
Geochemistry And Nd - Isotopic Composition Of High Silica Rhyolites In The Neoarchaean Musoma-Mara Greenstone Belt, Northern Tanzania: Evidence For The Presence Of Older Continental Crust, S Manya
Tanzania Journal of Science
The high silica rhyolites of the Kibasuka Hill, although volumetrically minor, constitute a part of the greenstone sequence in the northern Musoma-Mara Greenstone Belt (MMGB). They are characterized by high silica contents (63.38 – 81.65 wt %), very low CaO (! 0.05 wt %), variable to unusually high K2O (2.24 – 13.43 wt %) most likely attributed to strong sericite alteration, and their major element composition are similar to those of melts derived from partial melting of metapelites. The samples have very low concentration of the transition elements, Sr (3.13 – 48.4 ppm) and very large negative Europium anomalies (Eu/Eu* …
Delineating The Jurassic To Mid Cretaceous Part Of The Pacific Apparent Polar Wander Path, Dcp Masalu
Delineating The Jurassic To Mid Cretaceous Part Of The Pacific Apparent Polar Wander Path, Dcp Masalu
Tanzania Journal of Science
The Jurassic to Mid-Cretaceous apparent polar wander path of the Pacific plate irrespective of ages have been delineated. Two poles have been established: one pole, which is relatively older than the other, is at 75.01°N/287.5°E (α = 6.9°) and the other pole is at 61.0°N°/304.7°E (!95 = 4.5°). These results indicate that the Pacific plate drifted southward during the Jurassic to Early-Cretaceous period. Additionally, the results demonstrate that there is an apparent consistent correspondence between changes of plate motion and significant shifts of the Jurassic to Mid-Cretaceous apparent polar wander path
Occurrence Of Digenean Larvae In Freshwater Snails In The Ruvu Basin, Tanzania, G. Nkwengulila, E. S. P. Kigadye
Occurrence Of Digenean Larvae In Freshwater Snails In The Ruvu Basin, Tanzania, G. Nkwengulila, E. S. P. Kigadye
Tanzania Journal of Science
A survey was carried out on digenean larvae infecting freshwater snails in five habitats in Dar es Salaam, Ruvu and Morogoro. 9424 snails belonging to 12 species from five families were examined for digenean infection from July 1996 – June 1997. 20 morphologically distinguishable cercariae were recovered. Multiple infections were not recorded. While the general prevalence of digeneans in snails was low (3.5%), variations occurred between seasons, among habitats and snail host species. Prevalence was high during the dry season but low in the rain season. Among habitats, highest prevalence was recorded at Kinondoni pond and lowest at Ruvu ponds, …
Abundance And Diversity Of Seagrass And Macrofauna In The Intertidal Areas With And Without Seaweed Farming Activities In The East Coast Of Zanzibar, Thomas J Lyimo, Esther F Mvungi, Yunus D Mgaya
Abundance And Diversity Of Seagrass And Macrofauna In The Intertidal Areas With And Without Seaweed Farming Activities In The East Coast Of Zanzibar, Thomas J Lyimo, Esther F Mvungi, Yunus D Mgaya
Tanzania Journal of Science
The diversity and abundance of seagrass and associated macrofauna were studied in transects with and without seaweed farms at Chwaka Bay and Jambiani, in the East Coast of Zanzibar. Eight seagrass species, namely Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, Thalassodendron ciliatum, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis and Enhalus acoroides were recorded in the transects. The mean total biomass of seagrass at Chwaka Bay ranged from 142.4 ± 70.71 to 1652 ± 772.7 g dw/m2 and 212.9 ± 146.2 to 1829 ± 1692 g dw/m2 in station with and without seaweed farms, respectively. At Jambiani, the mean total biomass ranged …
Seed Longevity Of Dominant Plant Species From Degraded Savanna In Semi-Arid Tanzania, Hvm Lyaruu
Seed Longevity Of Dominant Plant Species From Degraded Savanna In Semi-Arid Tanzania, Hvm Lyaruu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Artificially buried seeds were followed by periodic exhumation and germination during 21 months in Kondoa Irangi Hills, central Tanzania. Viable seeds from thirteen selected species were buried in polythene envelopes at a depth of 15 cm below woodland vegetation. Lethal germination, fungal decay and insect infestation were singled out as the most important contributors to loss of viability among seeds. Hierarchical clustering based on a seed’s mean viability, seed shape and presence or absence of dispersal appendages, produced three distinct groups: (1) non-dormant seeds (2) seeds with enforced dormancy and (3) seeds with seed coat imposed dormancy. The low decay …
Absolute Migration Of Pacific Basin Mid-Ocean Ridges Since 85 Ma And Their Tectonic Implications For The Pacific Plate, Dcp Masalu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Mid-ocean ridges are major physiographic features that dominate the world seafloor. Their absolute motion and tectonics are recorded in magnetic lineations they created. The absolute migration of mid-ocean ridges in the Pacific basin since 85 Ma and their tectonic implications was investigated in this work and the results indicates that at about anomaly 21 (47 Ma) theEast Pacific Rise (EPR) and Juan de Fuca ridge experienced an abrupt change in their migration direction that persisted until about anomaly 6 (20 Ma), probably due to changes in subductionzone configuration in the northern Pacific. This may represent a period of tectonic instability …
Accuracy Analysis For Kolmogorov Entropy Used In Studying The Chaotic Dynamics Of Cfb Reactors Based On Solids Concentration Fluctuations, Samwel V. Manyele
Accuracy Analysis For Kolmogorov Entropy Used In Studying The Chaotic Dynamics Of Cfb Reactors Based On Solids Concentration Fluctuations, Samwel V. Manyele
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A study on the chaotic dynamics of a high flux circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser (10-m high and 76-mm i.d.) using the maximum likelihood estimate of the Kolmogorov entropy (KML) is reported. The signals used were measured by using a solids concentration fiber optic probe, accuracy of which is reported based on statistical analysis. The sensitivity analysis of the parameters used for computing KML was conducted to identify optimum settings, based on the standard error, s(KML) and the nature of PDF of the b-values from the reconstructed phase space trajectories. The length of time series, N, sampling frequency, fs, and …
Trends Of Rainfall And Maize Productivity In Malawi, T Kimaro
Trends Of Rainfall And Maize Productivity In Malawi, T Kimaro
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Daily rainfall data between 1966 and 2005 across all Agricultural Development Areas (ADDs) in Malawi was investigated to determine changes in selected rainfall characteristics and their impact on Maize productivity. Rainfall indices analyzed included rainfall amounts (annual and seasonal), onset, cessation, dry spells and length of rainy season. Man Kendal’s trend test was applied to the time series of these indices to detect any trends in the time series. Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI) for maize crop was used to study the spatial-temporal variation of maize productivity and thus its linkage to rainfall. Definition of onset and cessation adopted from …
Improving The Availability Of Manufacturability Information Through Decentralization Of Process Planning, Eliab Opiyo
Improving The Availability Of Manufacturability Information Through Decentralization Of Process Planning, Eliab Opiyo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Process planning is part of the general product development and production process that usually follows design and precedes manufacturing. Manufacturability and process planning information in general play central role in many product development and production activities, including paradoxically, conceptual and detail design - the activities that take place before process planning. The need of conducting some of the process planning activities formally before or during design is thus rather obvious. One of the main research issues is therefore the identification of the process planning activities that can be performed before the traditional process planning phase and handling of the process …
Development Of A Genetic Algorithm Based Search Strategy Suited For Design Optimisation Of Internal Combustion Engines, Nalitolela G
Development Of A Genetic Algorithm Based Search Strategy Suited For Design Optimisation Of Internal Combustion Engines, Nalitolela G
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Engine design optimisation is a multi-objective, multi-domain problem in a discontinuous design space. The state of the art of optimisation techniques shows that only methods of direct and adaptive search are appropriate for this type of problem. These include, adaptive random search, simulated annealing, evolution strategies and genetic algorithms. Of these methods, the genetic algorithms have been shown to be the most suited for the optimisation of multi-modal response functions in a discontinuous design space. This paper considers the important characteristics of genetic algorithms and their adaptation for use in parametric design optimisation of internal combustion engines. In order to …
The Limnogeology Of The Lakes Sagara And Nyamagoma, Hudson Nkotagu
The Limnogeology Of The Lakes Sagara And Nyamagoma, Hudson Nkotagu
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The present study focuses on the limnogeological aspects of the lakes Sagara and Nyamagoma within the Malagarasi Wetland Ecosystem. Abiotic parameters from water and sediment samples were determined during the dry and wet seasons using appropriate gears and methods. The data show variation of the abiotic parameters in both lakes from the water surface to the bottom. Lake Nyamagoma is less turbid (0.7-24 NTU) than Lake Sagara (25 to 65 NTU). The water transparency was also high at Lake Nyamagoma (0.75-1.5 m) thus supporting the observed turbidity trend. The physical chemical changes may be attributed to processes such as cooling, …
Modeling Of A Spray Assisted Natural Draft Cooling Tower, Kaunde K
Modeling Of A Spray Assisted Natural Draft Cooling Tower, Kaunde K
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Cooling towers are one of the largest heat and mass transfer devices that are in common use. A novel type of cooling tower has been proposed in which air flow rate into the tower is drawn by ejector action of sprays instead of fans as is done in conventional mechanical forced or induced draft cooling towers. This novel design offers the potential of saving the energy cost for driving the fan. The paper presents mathematical models for momentum transfer which is the driving force causing the entrainment of air. Also the heat transfer model for co-current flow of liquid and …
Application Of Non-Destructive Testing In Evaluating Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements In Buildings, I Rubaratuka
Application Of Non-Destructive Testing In Evaluating Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements In Buildings, I Rubaratuka
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Of recent a large number of existing reinforced concrete buildings have required reconstruction, renovation and improvement. This tendency poses a number of problems that have to be solved, the main one being to determine the actual strength condition of the structural components/elements of the building. It includes determination of the quality of materials used, specification of the types and description of apparent faults and damages and extent of wear of the building. To undertake this evaluation, non – destructive testing methods are used. In this paper, applications of non – destructive testing methods to determine the strength state of reinforced …