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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The South in American History. By William B. Hesseltine and David L. Smiley. Second Edition. (Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, 1960. x, 630 pp. Illustrations, maps, index. $8.00.); The Siege of St. Augustine in 1702. By Charles W. Arnade. University of Florida Monographs: Social Sciences, No. 3. (Gainesville, University of Florida Press, 1959. 67 pp. maps, plates. $2.00.); Hamilton Holt: Journalist, Internationalist, Educator. By Warren F. Kuehl. (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1960. ix, 303 pp. plates. $7.50.); Okeechobee Hurricane and the Hoover Dike. By Lawrence E. Will. (Great Outdoors Publishing Company, St. Petersburg, Florida 1961. 110 pp. Illustrations. $3.00.); The Story …

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The American Loyalists In The Bahama Islands: Who They Were, Thelma Peters Apr 2021

The American Loyalists In The Bahama Islands: Who They Were, Thelma Peters

Florida Historical Quarterly

The American loyalists who moved to the Bahama Islands at the close of the American Revolution were from many places and many walks of life so that classification of them is not easy. Still, some patterns do emerge and suggest a prototype with the following characteristics: a man, either first or second generation from Scotland or England, Presbyterian or Anglican, well-educated, and “bred to accounting.” He was living in the South at the time of the American Revolution, either as a merchant, the employee of a merchant, or as a slave-owning planter. When the war came he served in one …

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East Coast Florida Steamboating, 1831-1861, Edward A. Mueller Apr 2021

East Coast Florida Steamboating, 1831-1861, Edward A. Mueller

Florida Historical Quarterly

Transportation facilities have always played a substantial and significant role in the development and settlement of the United States. Likewise, in the early days of Florida’s development, water transportation played a most important part, sailing ships helping to bring in some of the first settlers and visitors. Because Florida is a peninsula for the most part and has water access on most of its boundaries as well as many waterways serving the interior, transportation by water has always loomed large. Sailing vessels, however, have their difficulties not the least of which is the lack of a regular schedule and the …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Reviews of Confederate Strategy from Shiloh to Vicksburg. By Archer Jones. (Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 1961. 240 pp. Maps, bibliography, and index. $5.00.); Why the North Won The Civil War. Edited by David Donald. (Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 1960. xv, 128 pp. Suggested Readings and index. $2.95.); Americans at War, The Development of the American Military System. By T. Harry Williams. (Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 1960. 139 pp. Illustrations. $3.50.); Marquette Legends. By Francis Borgia Steck. Edited by August Reyling. (New York, Pageant Press, 1960. xxii, 350 pp. Facsimiles, maps, notes, bibliography, and index. …

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The Day Governor Cabrera Left Florida, Luis Rafael Arana Apr 2021

The Day Governor Cabrera Left Florida, Luis Rafael Arana

Florida Historical Quarterly

On Sunday, April 13, 1687, the presidio of St. Augustine, Florida was going about routine activities. Captain Antonio de Arguelles’ infantry company had guard duty, and the captain was at the presidio’s main guardhouse. A galliot, one of the vessels of the garrison’s naval complement, rode at anchor in Matanzas Bay. She was ready to sail that afternoon. Her crew (partly made up of sailors under contract for just that trip), supplies, arms (including 36 flintlock muskets), and ammunition, were already on board. Adjutant Juan Pinto, one of the three regular adjutants, was the galliot’s officer in charge.

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The Editor's Corner, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

The Editor's Corner, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Mr. James Willard Milgram of 216 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn 1, New York, had an interesting cover and letter in a recent issue of the Weekly Philatelic Gossip. With the permission of that publication, a condensation of his article with the letter is reproduced for our readers.

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Sectionalism In The Peace Convention Of 1861, Jesse L. Keene Apr 2021

Sectionalism In The Peace Convention Of 1861, Jesse L. Keene

Florida Historical Quarterly

While angry clouds gathered in the southern sky and some southern states enacted ordinances of secession providing for funds and cannons, while the people of the North went their way, declaring that only a sprinkle would come from the angry clouds in the South, the appointed state commissioners of twenty-one states assembled at the Willard Hotel in Washington, D. C., February 4, 1861, at 12 o’clock, pursuant to the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly of Virginia, January 19, 1861.

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The Armed Occupation Act Of 1842, James W. Covington Apr 2021

The Armed Occupation Act Of 1842, James W. Covington

Florida Historical Quarterly

Throughout the history of advancing frontiers in many parts of the world there have been attractive offers of free land to brave and fool-hardy persons who would live at the dangerous edge of the advancing settlements. Such an offer was made to the retiring Roman legionnaires in the hope that they would live near the frontier line in Gaul and elsewhere and serve as added protection against the warlike German tribes. In 1630, a large tract of land was offered to each commander and fifty acres to other persons who would settle near the dangerous Pamunkey tribe in Virginia, and …

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The Avero Story: An Early Saint Augustine Family With Many Daughters And Many Houses, Charles W. Arnade Apr 2021

The Avero Story: An Early Saint Augustine Family With Many Daughters And Many Houses, Charles W. Arnade

Florida Historical Quarterly

By November 10, 1702, the English forces led by the ruthless James Moore, Governor of English Carolina, had occupied the town of St. Augustine. Over 1500 people took refuge in the Spanish fort which the English never were able to conquer. For two months Moore besieged the fort. The Spanish artillery was weak and ineffectual in driving away the enemy; the English artillery was inadequate against the massive walls of the fort. Moore tried to place his guns within closer range of the moat. The Spanish, afraid of this maneuver, dispatched a patrol with orders to burn all houses within …

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Civil War Operations In And Around Pensacola Part Iii, Edwin C. Bearss Apr 2021

Civil War Operations In And Around Pensacola Part Iii, Edwin C. Bearss

Florida Historical Quarterly

Five days subsequent to the great artillery duel of November 22-23 Bragg endeavored to transmit mail to the Confederate prisoners held by the Yankees. Brown refused to receive the letters and even disdained to state his reasons for so doing. He was by no means as courteous and amiable as he had been after the attack on his outside confrere, Colonel Wilson. Later in the day a small yawl attempted to enter the bay from the fleet, a privilege heretofore accorded to the Federals, as until November 22 the Rebels’ vessels had been allowed to tie up at the navy …

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The Editor's Corner, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

The Editor's Corner, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

For years the Editor of the Quarterly has considered the inclusion of a new section. Letters and other items of interest will be published from time to time in this section of our publication. The first letter is from Major Keenan, who has a large and valuable collection on the Seminole wars and who is an authority on names and locations.

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Pensacola's Exiled Government, W. B. Skinner Apr 2021

Pensacola's Exiled Government, W. B. Skinner

Florida Historical Quarterly

Judah P. Benjamin, Confederate secretary of war, ordered General Braxton Bragg, commanding officer of Confederate forces at Pensacola, to send as many troops as he could to Tennessee. On February 18, 1862, Bragg issued orders to abandon Pensacola. Upon Bragg’s departure, General Sam Jones assumed the command with the instructions to destroy everything in the Pensacola area which might be of use to the Federal forces who occupied Fort Pickens on Santa Rosa Island. The destruction was completed by May 9th and the following day the Federals occupied Pensacola.

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Civil War Operations In And Around Pensacola Part Ii, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Civil War Operations In And Around Pensacola Part Ii, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The new Confederate commander at Pensacola seemed omnipresent. In conjunction with Colonel William J. Hardee, commander at Fort Morgan, the bastion guarding the eastern approaches to Mobile Bay, a reconnaissance was conducted preparatory to the opening of a new line of communication between Mobile and Pensacola. It was hoped that an easier route could be developed between these two key points by utilizing water and land transportation, via Bon Secours, Bear Creek, and Perdido Bay, eliminating the long, slow overland trek from Blakely.

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Florida And The Cuban Revolution, 1895-1898, William J. Schellings Apr 2021

Florida And The Cuban Revolution, 1895-1898, William J. Schellings

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Cuban revolt against Spanish rule in 1895 and the possibility that this might lead to war between Spain and the United States placed Florida in a dilemma. There were a number of reasons for the state’s rejoicing at the prospect of Cuban independence, and for many individual Floridians to want to aid the rebels. Against this, however, was the fear that if the United States went to war against Spain it could end only in disaster for Florida. As a result, an attempt was made to walk a middle path, to encourage the giving of private aid to the …

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Asboth's Expedition Up The Alabama And Florida Railroad, Edwin L. Bearss Apr 2021

Asboth's Expedition Up The Alabama And Florida Railroad, Edwin L. Bearss

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the first week of July, 1864, the powerful “Army Group” commanded by Major General William T. Sherman slowly closed in on Atlanta, Georgia. To help loosen the grip of the Confederate Army of Tennessee on Atlanta, Sherman planned to send a fast moving cavalry force, about 3,000 strong, to smash the Montgomery and West Point Railroad. (This railroad linked the defenders of Atlanta with the magazines and supply depots of central Alabama.) Leaving Decatur, Alabama, on July 9, these raiders were expected to strike the vital railroad near Opelika. After tearing up the track and burning the trestles and …

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Florida On The Eve Of The Civil War As Seen By A Southern Reporter, William Warren Rogers Apr 2021

Florida On The Eve Of The Civil War As Seen By A Southern Reporter, William Warren Rogers

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the days prior to the firing on Fort Sumter, readers of the Charleston Daily Courier were kept well informed on current events by its various correspondents. No paper in the South was better supplied with journalists, who sent in weekly, and often daily, reports from centers of interest. One of these reporters styled himself “Batchelor,” and he made a tour of Florida for the Courier.

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A French Document Relating To The Destruction Of The French Colony In Florida At The Hands Of The Spanish, 1565, A. E. Hammond Apr 2021

A French Document Relating To The Destruction Of The French Colony In Florida At The Hands Of The Spanish, 1565, A. E. Hammond

Florida Historical Quarterly

One of the bloodiest and most publicized chapters in the early history of Florida was written by Don Pedro Menendez de Aviles, intrepid and unscrupulous agent of Philip II of Spain. On three occasions in the months of September and October, 1565, this Spanish gentleman, fired with true inquisitional fervor, ordered and supervised the systematic slaughter of remnants of the third French expedition to the Florida coast, thus ending the French attempt to colonize this disputed territory. Neither the events leading up to the massacres nor the details of the savage butchery requires retelling here. They are the subjects of …

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Everything In This Life Is Connected, Narvin Chhay Apr 2021

Everything In This Life Is Connected, Narvin Chhay

UCF Forum

In Hamlet, William Shakespeare wrote: “There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.” His words resonate with me and I can see what he meant just by looking at my own college journey.

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The Journal Of A. B. Meek And The Second Seminole War, 1836, John K. Mahon Apr 2021

The Journal Of A. B. Meek And The Second Seminole War, 1836, John K. Mahon

Florida Historical Quarterly

Alexander Beaufort Meek was born in Columbia, South Carolina, March 17, 1814, the son of a methodist minister. While he was still young his parents migrated to Tuscaloosa, Alabama, taking him with them. Although inclined to be indolent, learning came easily to the boy. Proof of this is that at a tender age he memorized the entire Old Testament. At age nineteen he was graduated from the University of Alabama (1833), and at twenty-two was awarded a master’s degree from the same school. Meanwhile, in 1835 he had begun the practice of law in Tuscaloosa.

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News And Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

News And Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Notice of the annual meeting

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The Journals Of Lieutenant John Pickell, 1836-1837, Frank L. White, Jr. Apr 2021

The Journals Of Lieutenant John Pickell, 1836-1837, Frank L. White, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the summer of 1837, virtually all military operations against the Seminoles ceased. For several months after General Thomas S. Jesup’s agreement with the Indians in March, only sporadic fighting had occurred in Florida. The Army was employed in encouraging the Indians to assemble for emigration to the West as provided by the truce and in exploring the country. At the same time, however, additional troops were arriving to resume hostilities, if this should become necessary. The Seminoles, on the other hand, used this period to delay their embarkation and at the same time to continue their attacks upon white …

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The Shaker Community In Florida, Russell H. Anderson Apr 2021

The Shaker Community In Florida, Russell H. Anderson

Florida Historical Quarterly

Many residents of Osceola County, Florida, recall a kindly though strange religious group, the Shakers, who once lived near present day St. Cloud-but the memory of these good people is fading. It should be recorded that beginning in 1894, Osceola County was the scene of one of the later efforts of an outstanding utopian movement in America-that of the Shaker religious group.

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Northerners In Late Nineteenth Century Florida: Carpetbaggers Or Settlers?, Maurice M. Cance Apr 2021

Northerners In Late Nineteenth Century Florida: Carpetbaggers Or Settlers?, Maurice M. Cance

Florida Historical Quarterly

Interpretations, both popular and professional, of the influence of Northerners on the history of Florida have been characterized by two major concepts. Today the subject of northern immigration brings first to our minds the thought of the tourist and the settler, persons whose constructive roles in the development of the state need no affirmation. As we think of northern immigration in the late nineteenth century, however, our attitudes are colored by another label - that of the carpetbagger. The carpetbagger was of course a Yankee scoundrel up to no good, a corrupting element in southern society from the Old Dominion …

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Newspapers Of Pensacola, 1821-1900, Horance G. Davis, Jr. Apr 2021

Newspapers Of Pensacola, 1821-1900, Horance G. Davis, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

Brigands, camp followers, speculators, gamblers and soldiers-of-fortune made Pensacola a gay city in 1821 as the populace, swelled to some 4,000, awaited the triumphant entry of the conquering hero, General Andrew Jackson. Florida, international pawn long coveted by the United States, was to be relinquished by Spain. Andrew Jackson and his troops had invaded the area twice since 1814, but diplomacy had foiled United States territorial ambitions. Now at last Florida was to be ceded to the United States, and provisional governor Andrew Jackson was expected momentarily at Pensacola, the seat of Florida government. Only Spanish loyalists viewed the gaiety …

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Ante-Bellum Pensacola: 1821-1860, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr. Apr 2021

Ante-Bellum Pensacola: 1821-1860, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

The morning sun over Pensacola on July 17, 1821, shone on a scene of historic pageantry not since repeated in Florida’s history. During the early hours of that day a full company of Spanish troops, dismounted dragoons of the regiment of Tarragona who were elegantly clad and equipped, paraded in the plaza before the Government House. A few miles away, through the flat piney woods, came elements of the Fourth United States Infantry and Fourth United States Artillery regiments with flags flying and band playing. At their heads rode the gaunt gray figure of Andrew Jackson. After almost two months …

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Pensacola During The Second Spanish Period, L. N. Mcalister Apr 2021

Pensacola During The Second Spanish Period, L. N. Mcalister

Florida Historical Quarterly

On the first day of January, 1777, an event in New Orleans was to have important consequences for the history of Pensacola: Bernardo de Galvez formally assumed the governorship of Louisiana. Galvez was typical of the colonial officials who were appointed during that Indian Summer of Spanish Imperial history, the reign of Charles III. A career officer in the royal armies, he had already distinguished himself in several theaters: first in Portugal, then in Mexico against the Indians on the northern frontier where, under his famous uncle Jose de Galvez, he displayed those traits of energy, initiative, and leadership which …

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The Founding Of Pensacola: Reasons And Reality, Albert Manucy Apr 2021

The Founding Of Pensacola: Reasons And Reality, Albert Manucy

Florida Historical Quarterly

October 1698 - Two rival expeditions - one French, the other Spanish - were sailing toward a pleasant harbor in the Gulf of Mexico. Neither of them knew about a third rival. But there it was, two little ships outbound from London, bringing Britons who coveted the same sunny southeastern province.

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Tristan De Luna And Ochuse (Pensacola Bay), 1559, Charles W. Arnade Apr 2021

Tristan De Luna And Ochuse (Pensacola Bay), 1559, Charles W. Arnade

Florida Historical Quarterly

The conquest of America by the Spaniards in the sixteenth century was a momentous event which had profound consequences in world history. Portugal was the leader of the age of exploration during the fifteenth century, but Spain became the principal contender in conquest during the next century. It was she who blazed the trail of European penetration in South, Central and North America. It was she who left the first European footprints on Florida’s soil. It was she who unfurled the first flag over Pensacola Bay, and it was she who planted the first cross, symbol of Christianity, on the …

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Florida Bibliography And Historiography, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Florida Bibliography And Historiography, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

I. The Development of Knowledge Regarding the Florida Indians; II. Writings In Florida History on the Period 1821-1860; III. Historical Writing on Twentieth Century Florida

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Florida Pioneer, Adelaide H. Reed Apr 2021

Florida Pioneer, Adelaide H. Reed

Florida Historical Quarterly

Whether the source of the Manatee River was really the “Fountain of Youth” for which Ponce de Leon searched in vain is a question for historians - or geographers - to argue about. But, in its early days, the little town of Manatee really did have a “Fountain of Youth.” At least, it was named that. It was not exactly a fountain, but a little spring of clear, cold water bubbling up out of the ground, with a gourd hung on a nearby oak tree from which to drink.

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