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Billy Bowlegs (Holata Micco) In The Seminole Wars (Part I), Kenneth W. Porter
Billy Bowlegs (Holata Micco) In The Seminole Wars (Part I), Kenneth W. Porter
Florida Historical Quarterly
If a group of informed Americans were asked to name a Seminole chief, it is likely that most of them would reply “Osceola.” If asked to recall a second Florida Indian, at least a majority of those responding would name “Billy Bowlegs.” The second choice would be more accurate, for Osceola was a Seminole only by adoption - being by birth a Red Stick Creek from Georgia or Alabama who came to Florida at about the age of ten. He was not a chief by hereditary right, whereas Billy Bowlegs, to use his common white-man’s nickname, was what an army …
The Narrow Waters Strategies Of Pedro Menendez, Paul E. Hoffman
The Narrow Waters Strategies Of Pedro Menendez, Paul E. Hoffman
Florida Historical Quarterly
In a letter to Philip II from Cadiz on December 3, 1570, Pedro Menendez de Aviles, Adelantado of Florida and Captain General of the Armada for the Guarding and Security of the Coasts, Islands, and Ports of the Indies, said that he planned to “place myself in the Bahama Channel where he [Jacques Sores, considered to be one of the best French corsairs and at the time at large in the Caribbean] could not come out without my seeing him.” Menendez recognized that the control of the Bahama Channel was essential for the security of the Caribbean. He said that …
The Southern Boundary Commission, The Chattahoochee River, And The Florida Seminoles, 1799, Jack D. L. Holmes
The Southern Boundary Commission, The Chattahoochee River, And The Florida Seminoles, 1799, Jack D. L. Holmes
Florida Historical Quarterly
When the pressure of European affairs mounted during 1795, Spain’s Minister of State, the erratic Manuel de Godoy, was persuaded to sign the Treaty of San Lorenzo (Pinckney Treaty) with the United States in an effort to neutralize that power in the approaching struggle with the English. Whatever its utility to Spain in Europe, this treaty marked the beginning of the end for Spain’s North American empire by yielding control over the Mississippi and by surrendering the strategic posts north of the thirty-first parallel and east of the Mississippi.
British Designs On The Old Southwest: Foreign Intrigue On The Florida Frontier, 1783-1803, J. Leitch Wright, Jr.
British Designs On The Old Southwest: Foreign Intrigue On The Florida Frontier, 1783-1803, J. Leitch Wright, Jr.
Florida Historical Quarterly
It is widely recognized that for years after the American Revolution Britain played an important role in the affairs of the Old Northwest. In spite of the peace treaty’s provisions, she continued to occupy military posts ceded to the United States. Using these posts as centers, Canadian traders continued to monopolize most of the Indian commerce north of the Ohio, and the Indians in this vast region still looked to Detroit, Niagara, and Quebec, rather than to New York, Pittsburgh, or Philadelphia for commercial and political leadership. In theory the Old Northwest was an integral part of the United States; …
The Delaney Murder Case, Helen Hornbeck Tanner
The Delaney Murder Case, Helen Hornbeck Tanner
Florida Historical Quarterly
The only violent crime to disrupt life in St. Augustine in the early years of the Second Spanish Period was a murderous attack the night of November 20, 1785, on Lieutenant Guillermo Delaney. Since the town’s annals provide almost no reference to such malevolence, this incident appears to be a distinct exception to the general behavior pattern. The crime remains unsolved; yet the evidence accumulated in an effort to identify Delaney’s assailants provides a rare view of Florida colonial society.
Note About The Birthplace Of Hernando De Soto, El Conde De Canilleros
Note About The Birthplace Of Hernando De Soto, El Conde De Canilleros
Florida Historical Quarterly
Don Miguel Munoz de San Pedro, Conde de Canilleros y de San Miguel, member of the Spanish Royal Academy of History in Madrid, is the foremost authority writing on the lives of men from Extremadura province who linked the old world to the new. He comes to this interest by virtue of descent from an ancient house which has been present in the “American Enterprise” since the time of Columbus. The palace in which the Conde lives was built by his ancestor Diego de Ovando, brother of Spain’s first royal governor in America, Frey Nicolas de Ovando, who was sent …
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Reviews of Hollander, Slavery in America: Its Legal History, by Theodore B. Wilson; Robertson, The Stonewall Brigade, by Edwin C. Bearss; Brown, The Galvanized Yankees, by Ben H. Procter; Cox, Politics, Principle, and Prejudice, 1865-1866, by Phillip S. Paludan; Morgan, The Gilded Age: A Reappraisal, by Stanley P. Hirshson; Healy, The United States in Cuba, 1898-1902: Generals, Politicians, and the Search for Policy, by William Schellings; Silva, Rum, Religion, and Votes: 1928 Re-Examined, by John DeGrove
Ponce De Leon Inlet, Alice Strickland
Ponce De Leon Inlet, Alice Strickland
Florida Historical Quarterly
In its day it has been called the “Killer Inlet” because of its treacherous bar that has ripped out the insides of ships and hurled men to the sandy, shifty bottom to strew their white bones like beads from a broken necklace. From early Spanish times it was named Mosquito Inlet; since 1926, it has been called Ponce de Leon Inlet.
Henry S. Sanford And Labor Problems In The Florida Orange Industry, Richard J. Amundson
Henry S. Sanford And Labor Problems In The Florida Orange Industry, Richard J. Amundson
Florida Historical Quarterly
Henry Shelton Sandord, direct descendant of Thomas Sanford who had come to Massachusetts in the 1630’s, made many contributions to the economic welfare of the United States and particularly to Florida, his “adopted state.” Sanford’s foresight and his sizable investments promoted the growth and prosperity of the orange culture in central Florida. His adoption of modern equipment and scientific methods of cultivation, including selective cross-breeding of citrus stocks and the use of irrigation, speeded the so-called “orange revolution” which occurred in the post-Civil War period. Progress and change, however, often are opposed, and so it was with Sanford’s efforts to …
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Reviews of Aristocrat in Uniform: General Duncan L. Clinch. By Rembert W. Patrick. (Gainesville: University of Florida Press for the Florida Historical Society, 1963. xi, 226 pp. Preface, illustrations, notes, map, bibliography, index. $5.50.); The History of Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University. By Leedell W. Neyland and John W. Riley. (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1963. xi, 303 pp. Foreword, preface, illustrations, bibliography, appendix, index. $6.50.); Pirates, Indians, and Spaniards: Father Escobedo's “La Florida.” Edited by James W. Covington. Translated by A. E. Falcones. (St. Petersburg: Great Outdoors Publishing Company, 1963. xvi, 174 pp. Foreword, introduction, footnotes, index, maps. $5.00.); …
A British Report On West Florida And Louisiana, November, 1812, Richard K. Murdoch
A British Report On West Florida And Louisiana, November, 1812, Richard K. Murdoch
Florida Historical Quarterly
After returning the two Floridas to Spain by the Treaty of Paris of 1783, England watched with satisfaction while her thirteen former colonies struggled to reach agreement with the government in Madrid on the thorny problem of the southeastern boundary. The Treaty of San Lorenzo of 1795 failed to satisfy either party and the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 further confused the problem by introducing boundary claims in the region west of the Mississippi River. The suggestion to use force to achieve a permanent settlement with Spain was heard with increasing frequency in Washington. Even Thomas Jefferson, in retirement at Monticello, …
The Fort King Road, 1963, William M. Goza
The Fort King Road, 1963, William M. Goza
Florida Historical Quarterly
In 1825, the territory of Florida was sparsely settled and little traveled. Fort Brooke, named for its first commander, Colonel George Mercer Brooke, and located where the Hillsborough River meets Old Tampa Bay, was a scant two years old. In that year, Indian Agent Colonel Gad Humphries established an agency near the present city of Ocala, preceding by some two years the occupation of Fort King on a nearby knoll. Realizing the need to connect its outposts by overland routes, Congress appropriated $12,000 to build a road from the northern boundary of the territory to Fort Brooke. The road was …
The Physics Of Nanoaperture Optical Traps: Design, Fabrication And Experimentation, Chenyi Zhang
The Physics Of Nanoaperture Optical Traps: Design, Fabrication And Experimentation, Chenyi Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Recent progress in nano optics, spurred by progress in nanofabrication, has allowed us to overcome these challenges. We use surface plasmon polaritons to break the optical diffraction limit and squeeze the photon energy into a local hot spot. The small mode volume of a plasmonic antenna or nanoaperature significantly enhances the local field and can be designed to resonate at a desired wavelength. By designing, fabricating, and testing these nanoapertures, I trap single nanoparticles with significantly reduced laser power by measuring the monochromatic transmission change of a resonant aperture. A freely diffused nanoparticle, behaving like a dipole antenna, interacts with …
Topological Changes In The Functional Brain Networks Induced By Isometric Force Exertions Using A Graph Theoretical Approach: An Eeg-Based Neuroergonomics Study, Lina Ismail
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Neuroergonomics, the application of neuroscience to human factors and ergonomics, is an emerging science focusing on the human brain concerning performance at work and in everyday settings. The advent of portable neurophysiological methods, including electroencephalography (EEG), has enabled measurements of real-time brain activity during physical tasks without restricting body movements. However, the EEG signatures of different physical exertion activity levels that involve the musculoskeletal system in everyday settings remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the assessment of functional connectivity among different brain regions during different force exertion levels remains unclear. One approach to investigating the brain connectome is to model the underlying …
Modeling The Relationship Between Perceptual And Stimulus Space In Category Learning, Clay Killingsworth
Modeling The Relationship Between Perceptual And Stimulus Space In Category Learning, Clay Killingsworth
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Learning to categorize visual stimuli is a fundamental cognitive skill underlying both everyday functioning and professional competencies in domains such as radiology and airport security screening. Categories may be very simple or highly complex, with accurate categorization dependent on multiple interacting features. General recognition theory (GRT) models uniquely allow examination of feature dimension interactions, but basic questions remain about the applicability of such models and the 2x2 categorization tasks (four-alternative forced choice) employed in studies which use them. Findings in several studies that factorially combine 2 levels of 2 stimulus dimensions indicate a common pattern of perceptual advantage for the …
The Trans Issue, Richard C. Crepeau
The Trans Issue, Richard C. Crepeau
On Sport and Society
The first time that I remember the issue of gender and sport being raised was sometime in the 1960s when charges surfaced at the Olympics concerning the East German women’s track and field team. Their success led some in the west, especially the Americans, to charge that some female athletes from East Germany and the Soviet Union were, in fact, males. For the most part, I dismissed these claims as the complaints of bad losers. Others treated the charges more seriously, and sex tests came to the European Games in 1966 and the Olympic Games in 1968.
News And Notes, Florida Historical Society
News And Notes, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Local historical societies, State Library and Historical Commission, Florida Arts Council
Wakulla Spring: Its Setting And Literary Visitors, Lou Rich
Wakulla Spring: Its Setting And Literary Visitors, Lou Rich
Florida Historical Quarterly
Wakulla Spring, situated on the coastal lowlands about midway between Apalachee Bay and Tallahassee, has a surrounding area comprised mostly of woodlands of cypress, liveoak, magnolia, and pine. The spring itself is semi-circular with a diameter of 400 feet, and it covers an area of approximately five acres. It is 103 feet deep and has an average flow of 283 cubic feet per seoond. The water is moderately hard and typical of most Florida springs.
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Reviews of By Sea and By River: The Naval History of the Civil War. By Bern Anderson. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962. xiv, 303 pp. Maps, illustrations, and index. $5.95.); Front Rank. By Glenn Tucker. (Raleigh: North Carolina Confederate Centennial Commission, 1962. 83 pp. Illustrations. $3.00.); Lee’s Maverick General: Daniel Harvey Hill. By Hal Bridges. (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1961. viii, 323 pp. Notes, bibliography, index. $7.50.); Four Years With General Lee. By Walter H. Taylor. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1962. xi, 218 pp. Preface, introduction, illustrations, notes, and index. $5.75.); History of Alabama, 1540-1900, as Recorded …
Florida's First Railroad Commission 1887-1891 (Part Ii), Durward Long
Florida's First Railroad Commission 1887-1891 (Part Ii), Durward Long
Florida Historical Quarterly
The Florida Railroad Commission was created by the legislature in 1887, and by August of that year its activities were underway. The Commission, in March of 1888, transmitted its first report to Governor Henry L. Mitchell. Although the report was overly optimistic and somewhat exaggerated, it did show that procedure and precedent had been determined. The Commissioners, George McWhorter, Enoch Vann, and William Himes had energetically approached their assigned task, but despite hopeful predictions for a successful second year, the Commission discovered many obstacles in its way. The new year began with a policy which disappointed small companies which had …
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Reviews of Evolution of a Federalist, William Loughton Smith of Charleston (1758-1812). By George C. Rogers, Jr. (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1962. xiv, 439 pp. Preface, charts, bibliography, index. $8.00.); Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty. By Dumas Malone. (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1962. xxx, 545 pp. $7.50.); Ante-Bellum Southern Literary Critics. By Edd Winfield Parks. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1962. 259 pp. $7.50.); The African Colonization Movement, 1816-1865. By P. J. Staudenraus. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1961. ix, 323 pp. Appendix, bibliography, index. $6.00.); McClellan, Sherman and Grant. By T. Harry Williams. (New Brunswick: …
Federal Relations With The Apalachicola Indians, 1823-1838, James W. Covington
Federal Relations With The Apalachicola Indians, 1823-1838, James W. Covington
Florida Historical Quarterly
In Grant Foreman's outstanding book Indian Removal, the classic account of the Five Civilized Tribes’ movement from the southeastern United States into Indian Territory, the author introduces the Seminole section with the following words: "In the dishonorable record of our dealings with the Indians there is perhaps no blacker chapter than that relating to the Seminole people." l Certainly when we think of the Seminoles we recall broken treaties, dogs tracking Indians through the swamps and the capture of Osceola while protected by a flag of truce. One rather shady phase of the Seminole removal which has been somewhat neglected …
Florida's First Railroad Commission, 1887-1891, Durward W. Long
Florida's First Railroad Commission, 1887-1891, Durward W. Long
Florida Historical Quarterly
The purchase of four million acres of land from the State of Florida by Hamilton Disston at the rate of $.25 an acre brought with it several important developments. Funds received by the state from this purchase enabled the trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund to free state land from litigation which had prevented the sale of land under their control. After the sale, the trustees were free once more to extend land grants to railroad companies. The practical effect was a great increase in railroad construction in the years following. Between 1880 and 1888 the mileage of track increased …
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Reviews of The American Tory. By William H. Nelson. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1961. vi, 194 pp. Index. $4.80.); Catholics and the American Revolution: A Study in Religious Climate. By Charles H. Metzger, S. J. (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1962. 306 pp. $5.00.); Prologue to War: England and the United States, 1805-1812. By Bradford Perkins. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1961. 457 pp. $7.95.); North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790-1860. By Leon F. Litwack. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. 318 pp. Bibliographical essay and index. $6.00.); Reflections of the Civil War …
The Constitution Of 1868, Jerrell H. Shofner
The Constitution Of 1868, Jerrell H. Shofner
Florida Historical Quarterly
On March 2, 1867, Congress enacted a law declaring that no legal government existed in Florida. As a part of the Third Military District, Florida was placed under a commander whose authority was superior to the outlawed state government. The law provided that the state could resume normal relations with the Union when it had adopted the fourteenth amendment and formed a constitution in conformity with the Constitution of the United States. This instrument was to be drawn up by a convention of delegates elected by all eligible male citizens, ratified by the people, and approved by Congress. No persons …
Textbook Writers And The Florida "Purchase" Myth, Harris G. Warren
Textbook Writers And The Florida "Purchase" Myth, Harris G. Warren
Florida Historical Quarterly
That teachers and writers of history must strive for accuracy is a proposition hardly open to debate. Our textbook writers labor under an especially heavy charge to keep us abreast of research which corrects misinterpretations and presents newly discovered facts. They must not call true those myths or fables which once masqueraded as sober fact. No history professor would be likely to adopt a text which presented the cherry tree myth as a true incident in Washington’s life. Yet many textbooks contain explanations which do not conform with the published results of careful research. A case in point is the …
An Evaluation Of The Freedmen's Bureau In Florida, Joe M. Richardson
An Evaluation Of The Freedmen's Bureau In Florida, Joe M. Richardson
Florida Historical Quarterly
Like any controversial subject, the Freedmen’s Bureau is difficult to evaluate. Nearly any generalization applied to that federal agency requires qualification. It possessed some undesirable features, but it had many redeeming traits and much of its work is deserving of commendation. Furthermore, the organization of the Bureau was flexible enough to enable it to adapt to and meet local needs. Therefore, its value in any locale depended to a large extent on the character and competency of the Assistant Commissioner and local agents. The Bureau officials in Florida were, in general, a creditable group and their accomplishments are worthy of …
The Annual Meeting, Jacksonville, May 3-5, 1962, Florida Historical Society
The Annual Meeting, Jacksonville, May 3-5, 1962, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
President Gilbert L. Lycan presided over the meeting of officers and directors which was held May 3, 1962, at the Roosevelt Hotel, Jacksonville. The meeting was attended by Dr. Lycan, Duncan L. Clinch, H. J. Doherty, Jesse Keene, Mary McRae, Margaret Chapman, Paul L. Maddock, Rembert W. Patrick, Thelma Peters, Ben F. Rogers, Lucius Ruder, Frank B. Sessa, M. L. Vance, and T. T. Wentworth, Jr.
The Celestial Railroad To Juno, Nathan D. Shappee
The Celestial Railroad To Juno, Nathan D. Shappee
Florida Historical Quarterly
The topic of this paper is deeply and affectionately imbedded in the early history and folklore of northern Dade County and present day Palm Beach County. Until this present undertaking no attempt at a comprehensive article about the Celestial Railroad has been made. Stray references and short descriptions are found in a wide variety of places but the best of these are in unpublished reminiscences of old-timers and in contemporary newspapers which are not readily accessible to general readers.
The Editor's Corner, Florida Historical Society
The Editor's Corner, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Father Jerome of St. Leo’s Abbey, St. Leo, Florida, sends us an interesting note relating the pro’s and con’s of the dispute centering about the identity of the first Catholic Bishop of Florida, and a document which he assures us provides “a definite silencing of the dispute.” The search for this documentary proof led Father Jerome to the Library of Congress, the Hispanic Society of America, and to the Franciscan archives in Washington - all without success.