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A Critical Narrative Inquiry Into The Lived Experiences Of African American Male K-12 Novice Educators In An Urban School District In Central Alabama, Herbert Leon Blackmon Jan 2020

A Critical Narrative Inquiry Into The Lived Experiences Of African American Male K-12 Novice Educators In An Urban School District In Central Alabama, Herbert Leon Blackmon

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The purpose of this study is to share how African American/Black male K-12 novice educators navigated their own educational journey to become K-12 educators in an urban school district in central Alabama. An urban school district was identified from findings from the Census Bureau and had a school that sat inside an urbanized area and inside a principal city with a population of 250,000 or more. Because of its size, urban school districts were diversified with a large enrollment and an increased number of minority students. By using a qualitative, critical narrative inquiry approach, participants were able to recount their …

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Impact Of Registered Nurse Staffing Ratio On Nursing Home Operating Margins And Quality Measure Star Ratings, Douglas R. Whitman Jan 2020

Impact Of Registered Nurse Staffing Ratio On Nursing Home Operating Margins And Quality Measure Star Ratings, Douglas R. Whitman

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Today’s nursing homes are under immense pressure from government regulators to improve quality while the government simultaneously tightens reimbursement rates. These two forces squeeze operating margins. The question facing nursing home operators is how to improve quality without breaking the bank. This study looks at the association of more registered nurses (RN) with quality and margins in U.S. nursing homes. This research project fills literature gaps which previously found improved nursing home quality correlates with more RNs. However, prior studies used self-reported data and typically considered only two or three quality measures. This study uses recently released electronic payroll data …

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Suicidality, Stigma, And Online Help-Seeking, Mercedes Tarasovich Jan 2020

Suicidality, Stigma, And Online Help-Seeking, Mercedes Tarasovich

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Suicide rates in the U.S. have been climbing for over two decades, driving increased suicide prevention efforts nationwide. The population of those who have experienced suicidality or attempted suicide are estimated to be at least 25 times the suicide death rate and are not as well-researched. Stigma regarding the utilization of mental health care services and a fear of institutionalization may affect help-seeking behaviors for individuals who have experienced suicidality, potentially prompting use of more anonymous online sources of support. In this study, I aimed to research whether suicidality and perceived mental health stigma can lead to increased use of …

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Adapting New Technologies For Evaluating The Ecology And Distribution Of The Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys Terrapin) In Alabama, Nicole Mckim Conner Jan 2020

Adapting New Technologies For Evaluating The Ecology And Distribution Of The Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys Terrapin) In Alabama, Nicole Mckim Conner

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The diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin), an emydid turtle that plays an important ecological role in salt marsh ecosystems, has declined over the last century and is listed as a Priority One Species (highest conservation concern) in Alabama. Traditional surveying techniques have been employed to monitor diamondback terrapins on the coast of Alabama throughout the last decade; yet, these techniques can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and disruptive to terrapins and their habitats. This study evaluated the potential for UAS technology and eDNA methodologies to effectively monitor diamondback terrapin presence, abundance, and/or distribution in salt marsh habitats. UAS-based surveys were conducted in 2017 …

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A Cephalometric Study Of The Effects Of Class Ii Malocclusion Correction Utilizing The Carriere® Motion 3d Appliance And Essix Retainer, Julie Dean Jan 2020

A Cephalometric Study Of The Effects Of Class Ii Malocclusion Correction Utilizing The Carriere® Motion 3d Appliance And Essix Retainer, Julie Dean

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Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the dental and skeletal effects of Class II malocclusion correction with a Carriere® Motion 3D appliance and lower Essix retainer for anchorage, as compared to best-matched controls. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control cephalometric study uses pre- and post-distalization lateral cephalometric images from 44 (32 female, 12 male, average age 13y 7m) class II patients treated with a Carriere® Motion 3D appliance and lower Essix retainer. These films were analyzed to determine treatment effects and compared with 35 (17 female, 18 male, average age 13y 3m) untreated controls from a historical …

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An Evaluation Of Ontogenetic Allometry Of Defensive And Nutrient Acquisition Properties Of Select Skeletal Components Of The Regular Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus, Raven Amber Edwards Jan 2020

An Evaluation Of Ontogenetic Allometry Of Defensive And Nutrient Acquisition Properties Of Select Skeletal Components Of The Regular Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus, Raven Amber Edwards

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Ontogenetic allometric analyses can provide novel insights into aspects of evolution, ecology, and conservation. For example, a recent study found marine fish exhibit hyperallometric scaling of reproductive output in relation to body size. Accordingly, to sustain fish populations the largest size class of fish should be protected. The present study exploits a model sea urchin to explore allometry to evaluate the ontogeny of skeletal defense and feeding efficiency (Aristotle's lantern). Lytechinus variegatus were sampled from St. Joseph Bay, Florida. A range of different sized late juvenile to adult individuals were measured and then dissected into skeletal components. Skeletal defense was …

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Nutrition Transition And Ses As A Fundamental Cause: An Integrative Approach To Examine Weight Status Among Women In Nepal, Sanjeev Acharya Jan 2020

Nutrition Transition And Ses As A Fundamental Cause: An Integrative Approach To Examine Weight Status Among Women In Nepal, Sanjeev Acharya

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The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in developing countries is a public health problem. Globally and in Nepal, women have higher burden of overweight and obesity. Over the recent years, Nepal has made progress in human development and is also experiencing nutrition transition. In this context, the goal of this study is to investigate the change in association between socioeconomic status (SES) and body weight over time, examine whether SES – body mass index (BMI) varies across region and occupation, and test for the double burden of malnutrition among adult women. Using a novel framework that integrates nutrition transition …

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The Relationship Between Asthma And Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youth And Young Adults: Mediation And Moderation Approaches, Abdullah M M Alanazi Jan 2020

The Relationship Between Asthma And Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youth And Young Adults: Mediation And Moderation Approaches, Abdullah M M Alanazi

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Asthma is associated with a higher likelihood of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, which may increase the risk of pulmonary complications. Therefore, we sought to identify factors that influence e-cigarette use that may inform future behavior interventions targeting e-cigarette use prevention. In this dissertation, we used mediation and moderation to model the relationship of health beliefs, psychosocial and behavioral factors that may affect the relationship between e-cigarette use and asthma. We used national samples from public datasets, and a clinical sample recruited from healthcare facilities in Alabama. The results of this study are reported in three different papers. In the first …

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Marginalized Models With Heterogeneous Random Effects For Zero-Inflated Longitudinal Count Data, Steve Boateng Ampah Jan 2020

Marginalized Models With Heterogeneous Random Effects For Zero-Inflated Longitudinal Count Data, Steve Boateng Ampah

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Longitudinal count data sometimes called panel data come up most often in publichealth and biomedical research, where investigators are interested in assessing the association between an identified exposure and the correlated count outcomes. It is worth mentioning most of these correlated count data exhibit over-dispersion, excess zeros and heterogeneous properties which when ignored during analysis can lead to biased estimates of covariate effects. The traditional zero-inflated count models with random effects have been developed to analyze such correlated count data, however the two sets of regression coefficients from this model, directly allow subgroup interpretations with the first set of coefficients …

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Genome-Wide Mirna Regulation Of Stress Susceptibility Across The Brain In A Rodent Model Of Early Life Stress, Lauren Alexis Allen Mckibben Jan 2020

Genome-Wide Mirna Regulation Of Stress Susceptibility Across The Brain In A Rodent Model Of Early Life Stress, Lauren Alexis Allen Mckibben

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Early life stress (ELS) affects a significant portion of the US population in the form of various types of abuse and neglect, as well as household dysfunction and loss of a loved one, among others. Although these experiences happen early in life, they increase risk for mental health disorders, especially major depression (MDD), across the lifespan. MDD is a debilitating psychiatric disorder marked by periods of depressed mood and loss of pleasure in once enjoyable activities. Patients with MDD also report trouble sleeping, unintentional weight loss or gain, feelings of worthlessness, and suicidal ideation. MDD is associated with annual $100 …

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Rab27 And 14-3-3 Mediated Regulation Of Alpha-Synuclein Pathology, Rachel Nicole Underwood Jan 2020

Rab27 And 14-3-3 Mediated Regulation Of Alpha-Synuclein Pathology, Rachel Nicole Underwood

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Alpha-synuclein (αsyn) is the key component of proteinaceous aggregates termed Lewy Bodies (LBs) that pathologically define a group of disorders known as synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). αSyn is thought to misfold and spread throughout the brain in a prion-like fashion. Transmission of αsyn necessitates the release of misfolded αsyn from one cell and the uptake of that αsyn by another, in which it templates the misfolding of endogenous αsyn. Identifying regulators of this process is essential to understanding how αsyn propagates and furthers disease progression. In this study, we investigated Rab27 and 14-3-3θ …

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Traction Characterization Of Tire And Soil Contributions To Slippage On Deformable Terrain, Jordan A. Whitson Jan 2020

Traction Characterization Of Tire And Soil Contributions To Slippage On Deformable Terrain, Jordan A. Whitson

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Longitudinal slippage analysis is a focus in terrain mobility for further development of mobility enhancement, power optimization, and safety design. This paper discusses the results of the collection and analysis of a database for tire traction characteristics and tire data conscripted of various literature experimental tests from books, journals, and technical papers. The database is utilized to support analysis and reviews of several tires and their behaviours under locomotion on different soils and deformable terrains to demonstrate the effects of the characteristics for mobility. Many experimental tests exist in literature across the technical world, but a centralized collection would benefit …

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T Cells In Synucleinopathies, Gregory Paul Williams Jan 2020

T Cells In Synucleinopathies, Gregory Paul Williams

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Synucleinopathies, which include Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), are a collection of neurodegenerative diseases that are in major part defined by the presence of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) rich protein aggregates in the brain. Increasing evidence has highlighted a neuroinflammatory phenotype also associated with these synucleinopathies. This neuroinflammatory phenotype includes the activation of central nervous system (CNS) microglia, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the infiltration of peripheral T cells into the CNS. We sought to further explore the T cell responses associated with PD and MSA. Using two preclinical mouse models of PD and MSA, …

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Co-Factors In Fgf Signaling, Christopher Yanucil Jan 2020

Co-Factors In Fgf Signaling, Christopher Yanucil

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The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family consists of a group of proteins whose diverse biological functions are mediated by receptor tyrosine kinases, termed FGF receptors (FGFR) 1-4. While paracrine FGFs require heparin sulfate as a co-factor for FGFR bind-ing and signaling, it has been assumed that endocrine FGFs, such as FGF23, do not bind heparin but instead require klotho, a family of transmembrane proteins, as a co-receptor on specific target cells. FGF23 acts as bone-derived hormone that targets tubular epitheli-al cells in the kidney via FGFR1 and α-klotho to reduce renal phosphate uptake. In chron-ic kidney disease (CKD), the kidney …

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Network-Based Analytics For Discovering Gene Modules And Biomarkers In Complex Diseases, Zongliang Yue Jan 2020

Network-Based Analytics For Discovering Gene Modules And Biomarkers In Complex Diseases, Zongliang Yue

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With rapidly increasing novel discoveries of associations between genomic data and complex disease phenotypes, the translation of those associations into knowledge and the identification of critical molecular mechanisms are essential to guild clinical decisions such as the diagnosis of symptomatic individuals, the prediction of disease risk, reproductive genetic counseling, and determining pharmacogenetic profiles for treatment. To decipher the genome of complex diseases, gene-centric analyses focus on detecting molecular mechanisms lead by driver genetics variants, abnormally expressed genes and high-abundance proteins through gene module construction. Additionally, the gene module construction approaches implement systems biology analysis to reveal the causative co-expressed gene …

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Development Of Natural Language Processing Algorithm For Dental Charting, Yi-Fan Zhang Jan 2020

Development Of Natural Language Processing Algorithm For Dental Charting, Yi-Fan Zhang

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Purpose: The purpose was to develop a natural language processing algorithm, which will input data from oral examination transcripts to a structured database. Methods: Four case vignettes were produced for primary, mixed, and permanent dentition patients with varying degree of soft tissue pathology, caries, existing restorations and occlusion relationships. After calibration, dental students were instructed to perform simulated oral examinations based on the case vignettes, using natural language as they would to an assistant who was charting the case. The investigator transcribed the audio recordings of the simulated oral exams. Twenty simulated oral examinations were collected to develop a natural …

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Dietary Nitrate And The Oral Microbiome In Obesity, Health And Exercise, Christian E. Behrens Jan 2020

Dietary Nitrate And The Oral Microbiome In Obesity, Health And Exercise, Christian E. Behrens

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Obesity ranks among the top growing health concerns worldwide. The prevalence of obesity at all life stages continues to rise with nearly 40% of adults and 35% of children/adolescents being affected. Equally troublesome is the increased risk for a number of comorbidities associated with obesity including cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer. The successful treatment of obesity, particularly long-term, continues to prove challenging and is often met with limited success. This highlights the importance of continued investigation into alternative strategies that may reduce the incidence and severity of obesity and associated pathophysiologies. Regular physical …

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The Effect Of Visual Training On The Attention System And Visual Cortex, Mandy Kathleen Biles Jan 2020

The Effect Of Visual Training On The Attention System And Visual Cortex, Mandy Kathleen Biles

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There are many contexts in which experience causes lasting changes in behavior that improve our ability to respond to our environment. Such improvements in performance, sometimes referred to as perceptual learning, are often the result of training and can enhance our ability to effectively respond to our environment. Recently, researchers have sought a more detailed understanding of perceptual learning and worked to apply these principles to improve perceptual learning in applied domains. In addition to training, another way to improve our perception of the environment is to increase the level of attention paid to features that are useful to us. …

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Parents’ Personal Characteristics In Explaining Perceptions Of Infant Temperament, Logan Boe Jan 2020

Parents’ Personal Characteristics In Explaining Perceptions Of Infant Temperament, Logan Boe

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Although a popular topic in developmental psychology research, straightforward ways to interpret measurements of infant temperament (IT) are lacking. Notably, parental personal characteristics, such as psychological distress and regulatory abilities, and resources available to parents may influence parents’ IT reports. The aims of the current project were to: 1) determine if parental characteristics mediate the association between IT and household income; 2) determine if personal resources available to parents (social support, coping, partner satisfaction) moderate the relationships between parental characteristics and IT; and 3) determine which parental characteristics predict differences between mothers’ and fathers’ IT reports. Prenatally, 201 mothers and …

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The Ecology Of Arribada Nesting And Early Life-History Events In The Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys Kempii), Amy Bonka Jan 2020

The Ecology Of Arribada Nesting And Early Life-History Events In The Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys Kempii), Amy Bonka

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The Kemp’s ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) has a regionalized distribution, occur-ring in the Gulf of Mexico and along the Atlantic coast of the United States. It is unique among sea turtles in that it nests during the daytime, at a single, primary nesting beach, and utilizes synchronized, mass nesting events (termed arribadas). This arribada behavior has been hypothesized to enhance nest and hatchling survival through predator satiation and predator avoidance. The aims of this dissertation research are to investigate the ecology and dynamics of arribada nesting and early life-history events in the Kemp’s ridley. Significant, non-random, location-specific aggregations of …

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Measuring Student Attitudes Toward Offenders: The Potential Mediating Role Of Familial Incarceration, Susan Faith Boyd Jan 2020

Measuring Student Attitudes Toward Offenders: The Potential Mediating Role Of Familial Incarceration, Susan Faith Boyd

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Each year hundreds of thousands of ex-offenders are released from U.S. jails and prisons to return to their communities. After release, ex-offenders’ families can play a critical role in helping their loved ones re-adjust to life outside of prison as well as meet the terms of their release; however, the severe financial, emotional, and social hardships associated with reentry have great potential to strengthen or weaken ex-offenders’ family support networks. The current study sought to explore how attitudes toward offenders differ between offenders’ family members and individuals who have never experienced familial incarceration. Adaptations of The Attitudes Toward Prisoners Scale …

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Symbolic Annihilation, The Politics Of (Mis)Representation, And The Stress And Health Of Millennial Black Women, Chenoia Nicole Bryant Jan 2020

Symbolic Annihilation, The Politics Of (Mis)Representation, And The Stress And Health Of Millennial Black Women, Chenoia Nicole Bryant

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The (mis)representation of Black populations in media has been extensively explored and critiqued by several scholars. From their introduction into media through radio to their visi-bility in television and news, the tropes of Black womanhood have carried over from colo-nialist perspectives to present day. Considering race and gender as cultural structures con-straining Black women through the assignment of stereotypical scripts, it is important to consider how, when and where Black women’s agency enters. Negative racialized and gendered stereotypes are informed by culture at large, but Black women’s agency impacts the interpretation of these (mis)representations, offering space for both conformity and …

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Photoexcitation Dynamics In Optimally Doped Lsco Thin Films Under Applied Magnetic Field, Ashlyn Damaris Burch Jan 2020

Photoexcitation Dynamics In Optimally Doped Lsco Thin Films Under Applied Magnetic Field, Ashlyn Damaris Burch

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This thesis will study the photoexcitation dynamics observed in optimally doped La2-xSrxCuO2 (LSCO) thin films while under magnetic field. The high temperature superconducting cuprates display strong spin-fluctuations and appearances of mixed phase regimes that are heavily dependent on their doping levels. This thesis focuses on the optimal Sr doping level x = 0.15. The experimental technique uses femtosecond pulses to probe the normal metallic and superconducting phases in this material while applying external electric and magnetic perturbations. The broadband (0.1 - 10 THz) optical pump-terahertz probe spectrometer that is intended for studying this material was designed at the University of …

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Cognitive Factors And Treatment Adherence In Individuals With Cystic Fibrosis, Benjamin Edwin Burgess Jan 2020

Cognitive Factors And Treatment Adherence In Individuals With Cystic Fibrosis, Benjamin Edwin Burgess

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening chronic illness which requires adherence to a many complex and time-consuming treatments. Adherence is suboptimal in this population. Thus, it is important to consider predictors of treatment adherence. Research has evaluated a number of cognitive factors that are related to adherence in groups with chronic illnesses, including those with CF. The present study considers three factors (health locus of control (HLC), perceived social support, and perceived disease severity) in order to address important gaps in the literature evaluating their relationships with treatment adherence. For each of these factors, the current research is limited by …

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A Second-Order 19-Node Pyramid Finite Element Suitable For Lumped Mass Explicit Dynamic Methods In Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, Robert Sturdivant Browning Jan 2020

A Second-Order 19-Node Pyramid Finite Element Suitable For Lumped Mass Explicit Dynamic Methods In Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, Robert Sturdivant Browning

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A second-order isoparametric 19-node pyramid finite element (PYR19) was developed that is suitable for use in nonlinear solid mechanics, especially with lumped mass explicit dynamics. The pyramid has a quadrilateral base and four triangular sides, and has five vertex nodes, eight mid-edge nodes, five face centroid nodes, and a single body centroid node. The PYR19 shape functions were derived by augmenting Bedrosian’s (1992) 13-node pyramid with the face and body centroid nodes. These functions were implemented into a general-purpose nonlinear explicit dynamics finite element code along with all numerical details (e.g., quadrature, time increment estimation, artificial viscosity, etc.) typically required …

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Epigenetic Regulation In Cancer And Development, Theodore Busby Jan 2020

Epigenetic Regulation In Cancer And Development, Theodore Busby

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Feedback loops between cellular cues and changes in gene expression mediate the interactions between a multitude of regulatory events that promote development and cancer. Vesicular trafficking is an important process in carrying out signaling events by transporting receptors and ligands to and from the cell surface. GBF1 and BIG1 are large guanine-exchange factors (GEFs) that activate GTPase mediated shuttling of cargo through the Golgi apparatus. This dissertation demonstrates that GBF1 localizes to the cytoplasmic membrane in glioblastoma multiform cells to maintain cell shape and promote migration. Reports have shown that BIG1translocates to the nucleus is hepatocyte carcinoma cell lines in …

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Understanding Adolescent Sexual Health Through Exploration Of Their Perceptions, Behaviors, And Beliefs, Jessica L. Corcoran Jan 2020

Understanding Adolescent Sexual Health Through Exploration Of Their Perceptions, Behaviors, And Beliefs, Jessica L. Corcoran

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Adolescents in the United States disproportionately experience adverse sexual health outcomes compared to adolescents in other developed countries. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide an in-depth examination of adolescent sexual health through the generation of three manuscripts. The first manuscript will provide an integrative review of adolescents’ perceptions of sexual health education programs. The second manuscript will illuminate the five-year trends in adolescent chlamydia rates by region, race, and sex. The third manuscript will provide a qualitative analysis from interviews with African American adolescent females in the southern U.S. Manuscript one reviewed studies from 2008 to 2019. The …

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Enhancer Rnas As Regulators Of Gene Expression And Neuronal Function, Nancy Verena Nicole Carullo Jan 2020

Enhancer Rnas As Regulators Of Gene Expression And Neuronal Function, Nancy Verena Nicole Carullo

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Genomic enhancers are cis-regulatory elements in the DNA that exhibit spatial and temporal control over intricate gene expression programs shaping fate and function of heterogeneous cell populations in the developing and adult brain. In addition to their role in cellular development and maintenance, enhancer activity drives transcriptional changes in response to stimulation. Active enhancers are subject to bidirectional transcription that yields non-coding enhancer RNAs (eR-NAs). However, the functional role of eRNAs in transcriptional regulation remains controversial. Therefore, we used primary neuronal cultures to investigate en-hancers and eRNAs in the rat genome. We identified and verified enhancer-gene pairs, characterized their response …

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Disparities In End-Of-Life Care In Children Dying Of Cancer In Alabama: A Cross Sectional Study, Elizabeth Statham Davis Jan 2020

Disparities In End-Of-Life Care In Children Dying Of Cancer In Alabama: A Cross Sectional Study, Elizabeth Statham Davis

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Regional studies show that children dying of cancer receive medically intense end-of-life care but there is limited information about end-of-life care in the Deep South and limited information about hospice and palliative care involvement at EOL. We conducted a retrospective electronic medical record review of children (0-x years) that died of cancer between 2010-20199 who received cancer directed therapy at Children’s of Alabama. We collected patient clinical and sociodemographics factors, including sex, race, and area deprivation index, cancer diagnosis and treatment, palliative care and hospice involvement, location of death, and medical care in the last 30d of life, including chemotherapy …

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Obesity-Induced Immune Dysfunction: Implications For Anti- Tumor Immunity And Immunotherapeutic Efficacy, Justin Tyler Gibson Jan 2020

Obesity-Induced Immune Dysfunction: Implications For Anti- Tumor Immunity And Immunotherapeutic Efficacy, Justin Tyler Gibson

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In the US, nearly 40% of adults have obesity. Further, obesity is known toincrease the risk for development, recurrence, and mortality associated with multiple types of cancer. However, despite such high prevalence, the impact of excess body weight on anti-tumor immunity and response to immunotherapeutics remains poorly and incompletely understood. In order to address these deficiencies, we have utilized multiple approaches to study obesity-associated perturbations in the immunogenetic, soluble protein, and cellular profiles of mice bearing mammary tumors and treatment naive human subjects with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In a pre-clinical murine model of breast cancer, we find …

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