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Balanced Placebo Design With Varenicline: Pharmacological And Expectancy Effects On Medication Adherence, Samantha Schiavon Jan 2021

Balanced Placebo Design With Varenicline: Pharmacological And Expectancy Effects On Medication Adherence, Samantha Schiavon

All ETDs from UAB

Varenicline is one of the most efficacious smoking cessation medications. However, some individuals are unable to adhere to the 12-week medication regimen, primarily due to side effects. Although these side effect may be due to the pharmacological effects of varenicline, there may also be a psychologically rooted explanation (i.e., nocebo effects). Varenicline was once believed to cause serious adverse events and although this has been refuted, concerns regarding its use continue within the general population. This is the first study to differentiate psychological expectancies from pharmacological barriers as it relates to varenicline adherence. Varenicline naïve smokers (N=80) were randomized into …

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Understanding The Role Of Biomechanics In Ovarian Cancer Biology, Alba Martinez Diaz Jan 2021

Understanding The Role Of Biomechanics In Ovarian Cancer Biology, Alba Martinez Diaz

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Mechanical forces including compression, tension, and shear stress are increasingly implicated as instigators of tumor progression. Understanding how mechanobiology drives ovarian cancer is critical to identifying potential therapies. The effect of shear stress is beginning to be studied in ovarian cancer due to the presence of ascites in the peritoneal cavity that prompts tumor cells detachment and implantation in secondary sites. Therefore, mechanical cues are present within the peritoneal cavity. A growing ovarian tumor mass also experiences compressive and tensile forces, although their participation in tumor progression still remains unclear. Additionally, there is a specific lack of incorporation of mechanobiology …

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Applying Inverse Dynamics To A Biomechanical Model To Determine The Safety Of The Motogaitor, Ezzuddin Abuhussein Jan 2021

Applying Inverse Dynamics To A Biomechanical Model To Determine The Safety Of The Motogaitor, Ezzuddin Abuhussein

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People with mobility impairments caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy (CP),stroke, and spina bifida have difficulty achieving high levels of exercise. The lack of exercise can lead to secondary conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Gait-training devices are already commercially available; however, they are not fit for home use and are expensive. Therefore, there exists a need for an affordable gaittraining device that is compact and promotes exercise and rehabilitation in a home-setting. A motorized gait-training elliptical dubbed the “Motogaitor,” was designed by students to address the needs of people with mobility impairments. In this present study, …

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A Novel In Vitro Model To Study Immune Interactions In Glioblastoma, Hasan Alrefai Jan 2021

A Novel In Vitro Model To Study Immune Interactions In Glioblastoma, Hasan Alrefai

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults. Despite decades of research, GBM has a median survival of approximately 14 months, necessitating the development of novel GBM therapeutics. The drug-development process has been hindered due to the lack of high-fidelity pre-clinical models. While in-vitro models of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) present an interesting approach to modeling GBM, they typically fail to incorporate the non-cancerous cells that support tumor growth and progression. Others have attempted to address this problem by using techniques such as 3D bioprinting to incorporate astrocytes and macrophages in an extracellular matrix; however, they …

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Structural Changes To Desmosomal Architecture During Assembly And Maturation, Reena R. Beggs Jan 2021

Structural Changes To Desmosomal Architecture During Assembly And Maturation, Reena R. Beggs

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Desmosomes are macromolecular junctions important in adhesion and resisting mechanical stress in epithelial and cardiac tissue. Desmosomes have a complex architecture with transmembrane cadherins, desmogleins and desmocollins, constituting the adhesive interface and plaque proteins, including plakoglobin and desmoplakin, binding the cadherin tails and integrating with intermediate filaments. Dysregulation of desmosomes occurs in many disease states, such as cardiomyopathies, skin diseases, and various cancers. While mature desmosomes' structure is generally understood, less is known about desmosome architecture during assembly and recycling. Desmosomes are dynamic, biochemically intractable, and diffraction-limited, making them challenging to study. To overcome these obstacles, I applied the super-resolution …

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Caregiving And Depressive Symptomatology: Multi-National Testing Of Role Strain Theory, Jessica Valles Jan 2021

Caregiving And Depressive Symptomatology: Multi-National Testing Of Role Strain Theory, Jessica Valles

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While several studies have shown that caregiving duties are correlated with poor mental health outcomes, little is known about this association and how it varies by the type of care provided, as well as the other types of social roles that the caregiver occupies. Furthermore, the nature of these associations amongst caregivers who have been diagnosed with a chronic condition themselves is also unclear. Role Strain theory offers a foundation by which we can begin to understand the level of burden that results from occupying multiple social roles including that of caregiving. Using dating from the WHO Study on Global …

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Cultivating Experiences Of Latina Teachers In The Deep South Through Latinx Young Adult Literature: Cuentos, Consejos, Y Testimonios, Vanessa E. Vega Jan 2021

Cultivating Experiences Of Latina Teachers In The Deep South Through Latinx Young Adult Literature: Cuentos, Consejos, Y Testimonios, Vanessa E. Vega

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This narrative ethnographic research study focused on the personal and schooling stories and counter-stories of three Latina teachers living and teaching in the Deep South. Using three contemporary young adult literature texts written by Latina authors, this three-month short term narrative ethnographic study sought to explore the lived experiences of three Latina teachers in the Deep South by way of testimonios (Espino, Munoz, and Kiyama, 2010) imbued with muxerista portraiture (Flores, 2017). The theoretical frameworks of LatCrit in education (Solorzano & Yosso, 2001) and Chicana/Latina Feminism guided every aspect of this study, which occurred during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Both …

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An Investigation Of Strain And Support Needs Of Caregivers Of Older Adults With Delirium And Allied Health Promotion Interventions, Jasmine Vickers Jan 2021

An Investigation Of Strain And Support Needs Of Caregivers Of Older Adults With Delirium And Allied Health Promotion Interventions, Jasmine Vickers

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Delirium, or the sudden onset of confusion, is common, highly distressing, debilitating, and deadly among hospitalized older adults and is associated with adverse outcomes for their family caregivers. As people are living longer with more complex conditions, more people will face the task of caregiving for older adults with delirium. Family caregivers can make meaningful contributions to delirium care, but high distress, insufficient knowledge, and lack of skills often seen in caregivers can lead to maladaptation and negative health outcomes. A few studies have focused on distress in caregivers from witnessing delirium episodes; however more research is needed to understand …

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Effects Of Chemical Dispersant (Corexit® Ec9500a) On Gill Structure And Function, And The Associated Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone Mediated Stress Response In The Blue Crab (Callinectus Sapidus), Amanda Christine Weiner Jan 2021

Effects Of Chemical Dispersant (Corexit® Ec9500a) On Gill Structure And Function, And The Associated Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone Mediated Stress Response In The Blue Crab (Callinectus Sapidus), Amanda Christine Weiner

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Chemical dispersants are fast becoming the most widely used tool in the remediation of spilled oil. The sheer magnitude of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill necessitated the use of multiple forms of remediation at scales never attempted. As a result, there is a critical need to understand how the spill and ensuing cleanup efforts impacted the surrounding ecosystem and its inhabitants. The goal of this research is to better understand the impact of the chemical dispersant (Corexit®EC9500A) on a key ecological and economic species, the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), in the Gulf of Mexico. The first part of my dissertation …

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Biological Pathways And Processes Underlying The Cardiac Regenerative Response Post-Injury In Small And Large Mammals, Eric Yang Zhang Jan 2021

Biological Pathways And Processes Underlying The Cardiac Regenerative Response Post-Injury In Small And Large Mammals, Eric Yang Zhang

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Mammalian cardiomyocytes exit the cell-cycle shortly after birth. Consequently, the adult heart is unable to properly compensate for cardiac muscle lost to injury. As such, heart failure has remained the leading cause of death in the developed world for more than three decades. In this work, we illustrate our findings in using novel in-vivo animal models to examine two regenerative phenomena observed following myocardial injury:i.) neonate cardiomyocyte proliferation in large mammals ii.) the ‘paracrine effect’ as mediated by mesenchymal stromal cells In i.) we use a large animal model of myocardial injury during the early postnatal develop-mental stage to establish …

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Novel Roles For Classic And Predicted Cilia Genes, Melissa Bentley Jan 2021

Novel Roles For Classic And Predicted Cilia Genes, Melissa Bentley

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Primary cilia are highly conserved microtubule-based appendages that are present on the surface of nearly every mammalian cell type, and function as signaling hubs for the cell. Their function depends on their ability to assemble, traffic signaling components into and out of the cilium, and disassemble. These events require precise coordination of ciliary machinery and regulation of ciliary infrastructure including, but not limited to, the ciliary basal bodies, transition zone (TZ), and BBSome. The basal bodies reside at the base of the cilium and serve as the foundation for ciliary axoneme construction. Distal to the basal bodies is the TZ, …

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Midpalatal Suture Maturation Stage Evaluation In Young Adults, Anna Maria Betlej Jan 2021

Midpalatal Suture Maturation Stage Evaluation In Young Adults, Anna Maria Betlej

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Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) is a gold standard treatment for posterior unilateral and bilateral crossbites or limited buccal overjet in patients with constricted maxilla. Midpalatal suture fusion is a limitation for obtaining the skeletal results and avoiding dental side effects. It is generally believed that midpalatal suture interlock increases significantly after the pubertal growth spurt. However, in the literature there are reported cases of successful midpalatal suture split in older adults. Individual cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) assessment of midpalatal suture maturation was proposed by Angelieri et al. Since RPE treatment approach is commonly used it is important to understand the …

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Evaluating The Effects Of Silver Diamine Fluoride On Microbiome Analysis Of Carious Lesions, Karol Fernanda Bryant Jan 2021

Evaluating The Effects Of Silver Diamine Fluoride On Microbiome Analysis Of Carious Lesions, Karol Fernanda Bryant

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ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the oral bacterial flora before and after application of 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF, manufacturer and city/state) to carious lesions. Methods: Fifteen children with at least one cavitated carious tooth and one healthy tooth were enrolled and following examination, a carious tooth was selected to receive SDF treatment. Prior to SDF treatment, two supragingival plaque samples were obtained (using sterile cotton swabs, then storage in transport fluid and frozen at -80oC until DNA extraction) at the first appointment, one carious tooth, another from a non-carious tooth. At the …

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Adolescent Perspectives And Comfort Levels Communicating With Systems Of Care Following Concussion, Sarah Terry Cable Jan 2021

Adolescent Perspectives And Comfort Levels Communicating With Systems Of Care Following Concussion, Sarah Terry Cable

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Objective: To examine 1) adolescent communication comfort levels, 2) barriers to com-munication with systems of care (e.g., family, medical, school, athletic, friends), and 3) associations between communication comfort and demographic, injury characteristics, medical history, emotional well-being, and recovery outcomes following a concussion.Methods: Participants were 73 adolescents (mean age = 14 years old, 61.6% male, 67.1% White) recruited from sports medicine clinics. Communication comfort level ratings with individuals in each system of care were assessed with possible responses including: not at all, a little, somewhat, and very. To evaluate barriers to communication, participants provided reasons for comfort ratings less than very. …

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The Role Of Obesity, Gdm, And Lifestyle Factors On Metabolic Syndrome Scores In Mothers And Their Children 4-10 Years After Pregnancy, Makenzie Callahan Jan 2021

The Role Of Obesity, Gdm, And Lifestyle Factors On Metabolic Syndrome Scores In Mothers And Their Children 4-10 Years After Pregnancy, Makenzie Callahan

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of symptoms that increase risk for heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, early detection of MetS is vital for disease prevention. Gestational diabetes (GDM) and/or obesity during pregnancy are associated with a greater risk for MetS in mothers and their children compared to mothers with no GDM. However, little is known about how much a GDM history or in utero exposure to maternal GDM contributes to MetS risk years after that pregnancy in addition to risk attributable to obesity itself. Therefore, the overall objective of this dissertation was explore how a history of …

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Do Outcomes From A Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention Differ In Alabama Vs Colorado?, Julianne Clina Jan 2021

Do Outcomes From A Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention Differ In Alabama Vs Colorado?, Julianne Clina

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There are well-established regional differences in obesity prevalence in the U.S., but relatively little is known about whether these differences impact efforts for weight loss. The objective of the study was to determine whether changes in body weight, engagement in physical activity (PA), and psychosocial factors differed in Colorado (CO) vs Alabama (AL) in response to a 16 week standardized behavioral weight management program. We hypothesized that weight loss would be greater in Colorado due to a more favorable physical and social environment.This is an ancillary study to a weight loss intervention being conducted simultaneously in AL and CO with …

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Central Vestibular Integration In Concussion And Multiple Sclerosis, Graham Dean Cochrane Jan 2021

Central Vestibular Integration In Concussion And Multiple Sclerosis, Graham Dean Cochrane

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Dizziness and imbalance are commonly reported by people with concussion and people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Dysfunction of the vestibular system is likely a major cause of dizziness and imbalance in both diseases, but it is not well understood whether this dysfunction typically occurs in peripheral vestibular organs and pathways or higher-level central vestibular integration pathways. As these systems are assessed and targeted with rehabilitation differently, understanding how both are affected in these diseases will improve management of dizziness and imbalance. In addition, balance has been demonstrated to correlate with self-reported fatigue in people with MS, presumably through shared dysfunction …

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Stress And Neuropeptide Y: Hippocampal Crossroads, Mariana Andrea Cortes Jan 2021

Stress And Neuropeptide Y: Hippocampal Crossroads, Mariana Andrea Cortes

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Anxiety disorders are the most common neuropsychiatric disorders diagnosed in adolescence and adulthood. While most animal models of trauma and stress-related disorders are performed in adults, and clinical trials for the treatment of these disorders typically include adult patients, there is a gap in knowledge for understanding how traumatic disorders develop in adolescence. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an endogenous peptide that provides anxiolytic benefits, and promotes feeding, arousal, and reduces inflammation. While being reduced in patients with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), animal models using NPY injections directly in to hippocampus have found it to be sufficient for blocking …

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Use-Dependent, Post-Critical Period Structural Plasticity In Primary Visual Cortex Following Central Vision Loss, Matthew Defenderfer Jan 2021

Use-Dependent, Post-Critical Period Structural Plasticity In Primary Visual Cortex Following Central Vision Loss, Matthew Defenderfer

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To facilitate learning throughout life, the adult brain must be capable of change, known as neuroplasticity. While evidence for adult structural plasticity in primary visual cortex (V1) exists, the relationship between plasticity and amount of use of a cortical region is not fully understood. Here, I use macular degeneration (MD) to model adult cortical plasticity. Macular degeneration causes loss of central vision, and patients learn to use a portion of peripheral vision called the preferred retinal locus (PRL) as a replacement for the fovea. The PRL is used more often than other usable areas of peripheral vision for daily tasks. …

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The Hocl Response Of Escherichia Coli., Rhea Marie Derke Jan 2021

The Hocl Response Of Escherichia Coli., Rhea Marie Derke

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), like Chron’s disease and ulcerative colitis, affect millions of people worldwide. There are limited treatment options available for these diseases because their direct causes are unknown. IBDs are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and changes in the composition of the gut microbiome. Enterobacteria, including Escherichia coli, bloom to high levels in the gut during inflammation and contribute to the pathology of IBDs. E. coli must tolerate high levels of antimicrobial compounds produced by the immune system to survive during persistent inflammation. A large proportion of such compounds are reactive oxygen and reactive chlorine …

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Design, Construction, And Testing Of A Differential Resistance Elliptical Exercise Machine, John Easton Jan 2021

Design, Construction, And Testing Of A Differential Resistance Elliptical Exercise Machine, John Easton

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Hemiplegia and hemiparesis are life-altering conditions that lead to secondary effects including pain and health decline due to sedentary lifestyle. There exists a need for affordable, safe, and effective exercise equipment designed with these users in mind. Recent studies have demonstrated adaptability of post-stroke individuals to differential forces in a split belt treadmill regime, resulting in increased propulsive force generation of the paretic limb. An elliptical exercise machine with a differential resistance mechanism, free-wheeling motor assistance, and walker accessibility has been fabricated to test whether differential resistance is possible with an elliptical platform. Preliminary testing of 1 subject consisted of …

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Race, Feeding Practices And Infant Weight Gain During The First 6 Weeks Of Life, Alysha Breanne Everett Jan 2021

Race, Feeding Practices And Infant Weight Gain During The First 6 Weeks Of Life, Alysha Breanne Everett

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Background: Non-Hispanic black (NHB) infants are disproportionately affected by rapid weight gain compared to non-Hispanic white (NHW) infants, which in turn, is associated with future disparities including obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Feeding practices, such as the use of formula or bottles, differ by race and are associated with rate of weight gain. Data from the Pregnancy and Early Life in the South (PEARLS) birth-cohort study was used to test the hypotheses that change in body weight and weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) from birth to 6 weeks would be greater for (1) NHB versus NHW infants; and (2) infants fed formula (exclusively …

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Does Interdisciplinary Care Team Care Management Improve Health Quality And Demonstrate Cost Effectiveness?, F Cardwell Feagin Jan 2021

Does Interdisciplinary Care Team Care Management Improve Health Quality And Demonstrate Cost Effectiveness?, F Cardwell Feagin

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The U. S. healthcare system faces unsustainable rising healthcare costs. Health care cost as a percentage of gross domestic product is expected to rise to 19.4 percent by 2027 (Wilson, 2019). This unstainable rise in healthcare costs is creating a problem for consumers of healthcare. By 2030, the average annual healthcare spending per working household, including premium and out-of-pocket expenditures, is estimated to be 33.9 percent of median compensation (Girod et al., 2016). Also, lawmakers and policymakers face funding issues of healthcare. A key finding of this study is that field-based interdisciplinary care team care management, with an algorithm selecting …

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Cognitive Progression And Care Patterns In All-Cause Dementia By Prior Cancer Diagnosis, Mackenzie Elisha Fowler Jan 2021

Cognitive Progression And Care Patterns In All-Cause Dementia By Prior Cancer Diagnosis, Mackenzie Elisha Fowler

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Cancer and dementia are common aging-related diseases. Cancer and itstreatments are associated with cognitive impairment referred to as cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Dementias demonstrate similar impairment. Only one study has examined the longitudinal association between cancer and dementia. This dissertation goes beyond limitations of the prior study and has three aims: 1.) to evaluate dementia progression by prior cancer diagnosis, 2.) to evaluate progression of all-cause dementia by cancer treatments, and 3.) to evaluate patterns and predictors of care among dementia patients by cancer history. This study uses EHR data to evaluate cognitive progression by cancer history /cancer treatment characteristics, …

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“Her Feeling Had Come Too Late”: Emotion And Time In Virginia Woolf’S Modernism, Madison Frost Jan 2021

“Her Feeling Had Come Too Late”: Emotion And Time In Virginia Woolf’S Modernism, Madison Frost

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Mikhail Bakhtin’s idea of chronotope, or time-space, encompasses the idea that time and space cannot be separated from one another; they are intertwined. This concept of Bahktin’s is seen in Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse, Mrs. Dalloway, and Orlando because of Woolf’s aim to more accurately depict the reality of modern life, something she deems necessary for modern writers in her essay “Modern Fiction.” Woolf makes use of various narrative techniques to experiment with her illustration of everyday life where she focuses heavily on the depiction of time-space through her illustration of consciousness. Woolf is able to add emotion to …

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Evaluating The Turning Point Of Cardiovascular Health In Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Najibah Galadanci Jan 2021

Evaluating The Turning Point Of Cardiovascular Health In Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Najibah Galadanci

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Cardiopulmonary disorders, including pulmonary hypertension, chronic lung disease, diastolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure, are among the most common complications in sickle cell disease (SCD). Many of these complications are identified in adulthood when patients develop irreversible clinical symptoms. General improvement in healthcare and disease management is allowing more children with SCD to reach adulthood, leading to the growing interest in preventing disease-specific complications to improve morbidity and mortality rates. Although cardiac abnormalities are common, it is unknown when cardiac dysfunction appears in the course of SCD.This dissertation utilized the Dissemination and Implementation of Stroke Prevention Looking at the Care …

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The Role Of Visa Status And Acculturation In The Health Of Us Immigrants, Serra Sevde Hatipoglu Jan 2021

The Role Of Visa Status And Acculturation In The Health Of Us Immigrants, Serra Sevde Hatipoglu

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Using data from the 2003 New Immigrant Survey, I examined the association between visa status and acculturation with physical, mental, and self-rated health among immigrants residing in the United States. The primary predictor variable in the study is immigrant visa status. The outcome variables of interest include physical health as any morbidity (chronic diseases), mental health as depressed (as defined by the DSM-IV) and self-rated health (poor self-rated health). Using logistic regressions, I found those with unfavorable visa statuses have worse mental, physical, self-rated health compared to the favorable visa holders. I used inverse odds ratio weighted (IORW) mediation method …

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Identifying Novel Therapeutics And Therapeutic Entry Points For The Treatment Of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Through Regulation Of Gene Expression, Rylie Maria Hightower Jan 2021

Identifying Novel Therapeutics And Therapeutic Entry Points For The Treatment Of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Through Regulation Of Gene Expression, Rylie Maria Hightower

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My graduate research has primarily focused on genetic and epigenetic modifiers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and understanding how those modifiers can be used as novel therapeutic entry points for treatment. A vast array of promising therapeutic strategies is being explored outside the realm of directly targeting dystrophin deficiency. This is primarily due to the lack of successful clinical trials that have demonstrated the ability to benefit a significant number of DMD patients. Here, I have expanded the field’s understanding of using the regulation of gene expression as a way to target dystrophin-deficiency associated pathology through, 1) therapeutic treatment of a …

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Undergraduate Students’ Perspectives On Mental Health Services, Resources, And Supports During Covid-19: A Qualitative Dissertation, Amy Hutson Chatham Jan 2021

Undergraduate Students’ Perspectives On Mental Health Services, Resources, And Supports During Covid-19: A Qualitative Dissertation, Amy Hutson Chatham

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased isolation from supportive relationships, uncertainty about the future, fear of illness, and lack of traditional life-events took a toll on university student mental health. It is important to understand undergraduate students’ mental health needs during the COVID-19 pandemic and their desires for support from their institutions of higher education. Existing studies have documented increased rates of depression, stress, and anxiety among university undergraduates; however, these studies rarely illuminate students’ perspectives on mental health services, resources, and supports that they need during and because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This phenomenological study explored the perspectives of undergraduate …

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Local Priming Of Long-Lived Tcf1+ Memory Cd8+ T Cell Responses In The Spleen During Influenza Virus Infection By Lung Derived Migratory Dendritic Cells, Meagan Jenkins Jan 2021

Local Priming Of Long-Lived Tcf1+ Memory Cd8+ T Cell Responses In The Spleen During Influenza Virus Infection By Lung Derived Migratory Dendritic Cells, Meagan Jenkins

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Initiation of CD8+ T cell responses to influenza virus infection requires the trafficking of activated lung-migratory dendritic cells (mDCs) from the lung into the lung-draining mediastinal LN (med-LN). As such, when mDCs are absent from the lungs or are unable to migrate into the med-LN, T cell responses are severely compromised, and the mortality rate increases in mouse models of influenza infection. Importantly, it is generally considered that mDCs die shortly after reaching the med-LN. Thus, the current paradigm suggests that priming of all subsets of influenza-specific CD8+ T cell responses by mDCs takes place solely in the med-LN. Recent …

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