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The Beginnings Of Phonetic And Phonological Coding In The Signs Of Ireland Digital Corpus: The Representation Of Handshapes, Gudny Bjork Thorvaldsdottir May 2017

The Beginnings Of Phonetic And Phonological Coding In The Signs Of Ireland Digital Corpus: The Representation Of Handshapes, Gudny Bjork Thorvaldsdottir

The ITB Journal

This paper discusses some of the research that has been done on phonetics and phonology in signed languages. We will discuss aspects of a few phonological models in relation to two of the parameters that have been proposed for signed languages, hand configuration and local movement. We will also discuss a range of issues with respect to expanding the annotation of the Signs of Ireland (SOI) corpus to incorporate phonetic and phonological coding. This forms part of ongoing PHD research work that explores the phonology-morphology interface in Irish Sign Language (ISL).

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Storage Of Linguistic Knowledge In The Mental Lexicon: An Approach Within Role And Reference Grammar, Judith Gottschalk May 2017

Storage Of Linguistic Knowledge In The Mental Lexicon: An Approach Within Role And Reference Grammar, Judith Gottschalk

The ITB Journal

This paper aims to give an account of a theory of a mental lexicon for German verbs of motion within the theory of Role and Reference Grammar [RRG] (cf. Van Valin 2005). The issue of how Aktionsarten in general and particularly verbs of motion, with their various alternations, are structured and how they are stored in an RRG-compatible lexicon is investigated. A time line model for RRG-Aktionsarten based on Reichenbach (1947) is developed to give a description of the structure of events assumed within RRG. Human knowledge is often represented in terms of inheritance networks. In this paper I use …

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Event Structure Of Prepositional Nuclear Junctures In Persian: A Role & Reference Grammar Account, Zari Saeedi May 2017

Event Structure Of Prepositional Nuclear Junctures In Persian: A Role & Reference Grammar Account, Zari Saeedi

The ITB Journal

In the present research study an attempt has been made to analyze one group of complex predicates or nuclear junctures (NJs) in Persian (as an Indo-European language) in terms of its event attribute within the framework of Role and Reference Grammar (Van Valin & Lapolla 1997, Van Valin 2005). These complex predicates fuse with the prepositional phrases and the impoverished forms of the verb referred to as ‘light verb’ (Cattell 1984). In this study a distinction is made between predicative and non-predicative prepositions providing some examples along with schematizing their layered structure of the clause. To determine the verb class …

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Editorial, Brian Nolan May 2017

Editorial, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

I am delighted to introduce the 19th edition of the ITB Journal, the academic journal of the Institute of Technology Blanchardstown.

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Polysemy And Homonymy And Their Importance For The Study Of Word Meaning, Amanda Mccaughren May 2017

Polysemy And Homonymy And Their Importance For The Study Of Word Meaning, Amanda Mccaughren

The ITB Journal

In this article we examine the concepts of polysemy and homonymy. After a broad overview of the topic we focus on the treatment of several examples in dictionaries and indicate how listing problems can arise. We look at how polysemy and honomymy are dealt with in Chinese - a language rich in ambiguous words full of connotations and associations and we look at some of the ensuing problems facing Chinese dictionary writers and suggest a user friendly model for ambiguous lexical entries. We explore how several English words such as the polysemous preposition 'over' can be dealt with in terms …

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The Schematic Organisation Of Irish Prepositions, Molly Manning May 2017

The Schematic Organisation Of Irish Prepositions, Molly Manning

The ITB Journal

The image schema model proposes that basic sensory-motor concepts are the prelinguistic building blocks upon which more abstract concepts are grown. Spatial particles such as prepositions encode basic information linked to embodied human experience and tend to be highly polysemous, existing in both basic and abstract domains of experience. They are therefore useful for studying the schematic properties of language across different conceptual domains, and for understanding how abstract concepts are grounded in basic experiential knowledge. In this paper we demonstrate the usefulness of an image schema approach to the analysis of Irish prepositions, illustrating how the radial structure organisation …

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Creating Access To Education With Progression Pathways Via Blended Learning Of Deaf Studies At Third Level In Ireland: Open Innovation With Digital Assets, Brian Nolan, Lorraine Leeson May 2017

Creating Access To Education With Progression Pathways Via Blended Learning Of Deaf Studies At Third Level In Ireland: Open Innovation With Digital Assets, Brian Nolan, Lorraine Leeson

The ITB Journal

Irish Sign Language (ISL) is an indigenous language of Ireland and is recognized by the EU as a natural language. It is a language separate from the other languages used in Ireland, including Irish, English and, in Northern Ireland, British Sign Language. Some 6,500 Deaf people use ISL on the island of Ireland. Deaf people are the most under-represented of all disadvantaged groups at third level, posing two challenges: (1) getting Deaf people into third level and (2) presenting education in an accessible form. Two higher education institutions, Trinity College Dublin (TCD) and the Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown, Dublin (ITB) …

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The Sociolinguistic Phenomenon Of Modern Greek Diglossia: The Outcome Of Conflicts Between (H)Igh And (L)Ow Variety And The National Language Question In 19th – 20th C. Greece: An Historico - Sociolinguistic Perspective., Olga-Maria Gkaragkouni May 2017

The Sociolinguistic Phenomenon Of Modern Greek Diglossia: The Outcome Of Conflicts Between (H)Igh And (L)Ow Variety And The National Language Question In 19th – 20th C. Greece: An Historico - Sociolinguistic Perspective., Olga-Maria Gkaragkouni

The ITB Journal

The present paper first and foremost aims to examine the sociolinguistic phenomenon of diglossia as it was depicted within the 19th and 20th century Greek linguistic community (1830-1976). More specifically, this study tries to explore the social context in general and the political-religious-ideological context in particular within which Modern Greek Diglossia (MGD for short) first presented and developed, and how it eventually declined. The paper at hand adopts a particular sociolinguistic analysis by providing the most suitable definition for the concept of diglossia – among the many variations that have been propounded with the passage of time – under which …

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Adjectival Nuclear Junctures In Persian: A Role & Reference Grammar Analysis, Zari Saeedi Talab May 2017

Adjectival Nuclear Junctures In Persian: A Role & Reference Grammar Analysis, Zari Saeedi Talab

The ITB Journal

The issue of predication is the central theme of all linguistic theories i.e. all the languages of the world have predicating elements through which communication and related propositions form. What these languages differ in is the way different elements or classes of words are used to predicate a sentence or a clause. Verbs are the most frequent and widely known predicating elements and as a matter of fact, and as Napoli (1989) maintains, developments in modern linguistics have recently allowed questions regarding the deeper levels of the nature of predication. Issues such as the status of multiple and complex predicates …

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Editorial, Brian Nolan May 2017

Editorial, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

I am delighted to introduce the 18th edition of the ITB Journal, the academic journal of the Institute of Technology Blanchardstown.

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Understanding Culture And Language, Mario R.J. Corbin May 2017

Understanding Culture And Language, Mario R.J. Corbin

The ITB Journal

A consequence of human evolution that has had the most profound impact on human nature and human society was the emergence of culture. A term credited uniquely to humans, however over the course of the last century new developments in animal behaviour have been introduced, indicating perhaps that our understanding of culture is too limited, despite there being a vast amount of theoretical approaches to culture. Before we can further attempt to understand whether or not culture can be attributed to animals, we must first closely examine the concept of culture from a human perspective, including a detailed analysis of …

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Current Perspectives On The Role Of Gender In Second Language Acquisition (Sla) Research, Karen Feery May 2017

Current Perspectives On The Role Of Gender In Second Language Acquisition (Sla) Research, Karen Feery

The ITB Journal

This paper outlines current perspectives on the role of gender in second language acquisition (SLA) research. Neither a singular field of research relating specifically to gender and SLA nor a theory of gender and SLA exist as yet. However, the distinct and well-established fields of language and gender studies and the field of SLA strongly underpin this topic area and a gradual emergence of research relating specifically to the role of gender in SLA is evident.

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Towards Arabic To English Machine Translation, Yasser Salem, Arnold Hensman, Brian Nolan May 2017

Towards Arabic To English Machine Translation, Yasser Salem, Arnold Hensman, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

This paper explores how the characteristics of the Arabic language will effect the development of a Machine Translation (MT) tool from Arabic to English. Several distinguishing features of Arabic pertinent to MT will be explored in detail with reference to some potential difficulties that they might present. The paper will conclude with a proposed model incorporating the Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) technique to achieve this end.

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Mental Space Theory And Icelandic Sign Language, Gudny Bjork Thorvaldsdottir May 2017

Mental Space Theory And Icelandic Sign Language, Gudny Bjork Thorvaldsdottir

The ITB Journal

Signed languages are articulated in space and this is why the use of space is one of their most important features. They make use of 3-dimesional space and the way the space is organised during discourse is grammatically and semantically significant (Liddell 1990, Engberg-Pedersen 1993). The Theory of Mental Spaces (Fauconnier 1985) has been applied to signed languages and proves to be an especially good method when it comes to conceptual understanding of various aspects of signed languages. This paper is based on an M. Phil (Linguistics) dissertation submitted to University of Dublin, Trinity College, in 2007 and discusses how …

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Editorial, Brian Nolan May 2017

Editorial, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

I am delighted to introduce the 17th edition of the ITB Journal, the academic journal of the Institute of Technology Blanchardstown.

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Investigating The Feasibility Of Creating A Piece Of Software For Practical Electrical Classes That Engages Learners Of Different Learning Styles, Shaun Ferns May 2017

Investigating The Feasibility Of Creating A Piece Of Software For Practical Electrical Classes That Engages Learners Of Different Learning Styles, Shaun Ferns

The ITB Journal

This paper looks at feasibility of creating a piece of software for practical electrical classes that engages learners of different learning styles. Traditional practical electrical classes are usually delivered using text based resources, but due in part to the advances in technology it is possible to provide information in a variety of formats. The starting point of this research was to evaluate the preferred learning style of the typical apprentice learner by using a learning style questionnaire based on the Vark model. The Vark model represents four learning styles Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing and Kinaesthetic. The results from the questionnaire then …

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The Importance Of Play, Mario R.J. Corbin May 2017

The Importance Of Play, Mario R.J. Corbin

The ITB Journal

“Play makes an important contribution to the social development of an infant. It allows the individual to gain personal knowledge of other group members; permits certain social skills to be practiced, such as fighting, without risk of injury; and helps the individual to establish long term friendships.” Vince Smith (2003: 86)

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The Conceptual Structure Of Negative Emotions Revealed By Shocking, Annoying, And Scary Examples Of Lexical Processing, Anne Herwig May 2017

The Conceptual Structure Of Negative Emotions Revealed By Shocking, Annoying, And Scary Examples Of Lexical Processing, Anne Herwig

The ITB Journal

Emotions can be viewed as abstract cognitive events without an external reference object. They are cognitive relations in the sense that they consist of two or more primarily autonomous events, which are set in relation to each other. Accordingly, their conceptual structure is relatively complex, and it can be of diverse nature. This is reflected in a broad variety of lexicalisation patterns, both within and across languages. The significance of emotions for human interaction and their complexity is reflected in the rich inventory of emotion terms in many cultures. Their processing in a second or foreign language requires conceptual restructuring, …

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Gender And Mutation In Irish: A Preliminary Account For Further Investigation, Alessio S. Frenda May 2017

Gender And Mutation In Irish: A Preliminary Account For Further Investigation, Alessio S. Frenda

The ITB Journal

Standard Irish is the outcome of language planning and as such it significantly diverges from the three main spoken dialects of the language (or traditional Gaeltacht varieties) that provided the basis for its creation. It is also expected to differ, in its codified form, from the way it is actually employed within the small, usually urban communities of bilinguals who employ standard Irish and not some form of Gaeltacht Irish as a second language. The reason why such difference is expected is that the language planners codified as part of the standard many complex structures that had already been abandoned …

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Editorial, Brian Nolan May 2017

Editorial, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

I am delighted to introduce the 14th edition of the ITB Journal, the academic journal of the Institute of Technology Blanchardstown. The first paper in this journal from Alessio Frenda examines the complexities involved in the coding of grammatical gender within Irish and explores, in particular mutation, inflection and their consequences at the morphsyntactic interface across three macro-dialects (Ulster, Connacht, Munster), and standard Irish. In the second paper, Anne Herwig motivates a discussion on how emotions can be viewed as abstract cognitive events without an external reference object. Wityhin this view, they are cognitive relations in the sense that they …

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In Italiano, As Gaeilge: A Matter Of Metaphorical Semantics, Alessio S. Frenda May 2017

In Italiano, As Gaeilge: A Matter Of Metaphorical Semantics, Alessio S. Frenda

The ITB Journal

In the present article the linguistic expression of MATTER will be considered with regards to (a) the prepositions involved and (b) the basic spatial meanings (BSMs) of such prepositions. The analysis will concentrate on Italian and Irish. The motivations for the choice of the preposition(s) will be sought after in the theoretical frame provided by Lakoff’s metaphorical semantics. In other words, we shall assume that the MATTER sense is a motivated extension of the spatial senses that primarily expressed by those prepositions. According to the abovementioned framework, a preposition is chosen to express MATTER when there is a metaphorically (i.e., …

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Cross-Linguistic Comparisons: A Case Study Involving Irish And Italian Prepositions, Alessio S. Frenda May 2017

Cross-Linguistic Comparisons: A Case Study Involving Irish And Italian Prepositions, Alessio S. Frenda

The ITB Journal

Cross-linguistic comparison of unrelated or distantly related languages is often hindered by the lack of a one-to-one correspondence between the formal repertoires of the different languages. This article presents an example of such a situation, where the comparison of the Irish and Italian prepositional inventories is made impossible, on a formal basis, by the different sizes of the two sets of forms and the different semantic segmentation of the spatial-content continuum, i.e., the fact that one and the same form can express different concepts in a way that is cross-linguistically not always valid, and – conversely – that one and …

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Reflexive And Reciprocal Constructions In Modern Greek, Evangelia Asproudi May 2017

Reflexive And Reciprocal Constructions In Modern Greek, Evangelia Asproudi

The ITB Journal

This paper examines the various constructions that convey reflexivity and reciprocity in Modern Greek. Modern Greek reflexive and reciprocal constructions are characterized by a considerable degree of overlap between them, in the sense that they are structurally parallel to each other. More concretely, both reflexives and reciprocals in the language can be lexicalized through the addition of the non-active suffix -mai to a transitive verb; moreover, reflexivity and reciprocity can be syntactically realized by means of an active transitive verb followed by a pronominal that is referentially bound to an antecedent. Lastly, pronoun incorporation to a –mai verb constitutes another …

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Editorial, Brian Nolan May 2017

Editorial, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

I am delighted to introduce the 12th edition of the ITB Journal, the academic journal of the Institute of Technology Blanchardstown. In this issue of the journal we have the usual diverse, but interesting, mix of papers.

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Lexicon And Grammar, Dr. Anna Herwig May 2017

Lexicon And Grammar, Dr. Anna Herwig

The ITB Journal

Over the past decades it has become generally acknowledged that lexicon and grammar are inseparably linked, constituting “a continuum of symbolic structures“ (Langacker 1990:2). Yet, a comprehensive integration of the two realms of knowledge appears to be a difficult task. The present article offers a unified psycholinguistic perspective, which is centred on the mental lexicon, considering grammatical knowledge as part of the information structure of lexical items. It aims to model the complexity of lexical knowledge such that its perceived psychological reality, including various levels of linguistic description, becomes discernible.

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Investigation Into The Application Of Personality Insights And Language Tone Analysis In Spam Classification, Colm Mcgetrick May 2017

Investigation Into The Application Of Personality Insights And Language Tone Analysis In Spam Classification, Colm Mcgetrick

Dissertations

Due to its persistence spam remains as one of the biggest problems facing users and suppliers of email communication services. Machine learning techniques have been very successful at preventing many spam mails from arriving in user mailboxes, however they still account for over 50% of all emails sent. Despite this relative success the economic cost of spam has been estimated as high as $50 billion in 2005 and more recently at $20 billion so spam can still be considered a considerable problem. In essence a spam email is a commercial communication trying to entice the receiver to take some positive …

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Embedding Ethical And Sustainable Thinking In The Entrepreneurial Mindset, Kathleen Farrell May 2017

Embedding Ethical And Sustainable Thinking In The Entrepreneurial Mindset, Kathleen Farrell

Conference papers

“Entrepreneurship education is essential not only to shape the mindsets of young people but also to provide the skills, knowledge and attitudes that are central to developing an entrepreneurial culture” (European Commission, 2016, b p. 9). The recent financial crisis has focused our attention more on the importance of ethics in business and management. EntreComp, the European Commission Competence Framework (2016) defines entrepreneurship as a transversal competence. The research question has to do with whether the European Commission is right in proposing ethical and sustainable thinking as an entrepreneurial competence. What support is there in the literature for putting forward …

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Living Together With Ancestors: Cultural Heritage And Sacred Places On West Java, Jörgen Hellman Apr 2017

Living Together With Ancestors: Cultural Heritage And Sacred Places On West Java, Jörgen Hellman

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

On Java (Indonesia), sacred places (tempat keramat) are powerful and contested sites. Historically they have served as important pilgrimage sites and more recently have also become major tourist attractions. In this paper, I will explore three ways of ‘past presencing’ - the nationalist, the Islamic and the traditional - and how groups representing each of these challenge one another at different sites. Today, sacred places in Indonesia are caught between the political ambitions of some who wish to create national cultural heritage, the aspirations of religious revivalists who want to cleanse the sites of what they consider superstition, and the …

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Globalworkit – Connecting Leading Information And Communications Technology (Ict) Sectors, Deirdre Lillis, Michael Collins Mar 2017

Globalworkit – Connecting Leading Information And Communications Technology (Ict) Sectors, Deirdre Lillis, Michael Collins

Conference papers

GlobalWorkIT prepares European and Korean students for employment in the international information and communications technology (ICT) industry by enhancing understanding of global issues in the ICT sector and of the languages and cultures of the participant countries. It connects three European and three Korean Higher Education Institutions located in world-leading ICT sectors (Korea, Ireland, Germany and Finland) and leverages their relationships with ICT companies that are innovation-focused and internationally-oriented. In this paper, we present GlobalWorkIT and discuss how it will build an EU-Korea network of ICT professionals to underpin trade between the two regions, secure industry sponsorship for future mobilities …

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An Exploratory Study Of Child Sexual Abuse In Tanzania, Denis Mccrann Mar 2017

An Exploratory Study Of Child Sexual Abuse In Tanzania, Denis Mccrann

Doctoral

There are no prevalence data for childhood sexual abuse among Tanzanian university students. This investigation addressed this paucity. The nature of sexual abuse and the contextual issues exacerbating the problem of CSA were explored. The research questions explored were as follows: 1. At what rate do university students in Tanzania report experiences of child sexual abuse? 2. What is the nature of child sexual abuse in Tanzania? 3. Who perpetrates child sexual abuse in Tanzania? 4. What are the effects/consequences of child sexual abuse in Tanzania? 5. What are the causes of child sexual abuse in Tanzania? An ecological framework …

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