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How Data-Ink Maximization Can Motivate Learners – Persuasion In Data Visualization, Judith Gottschalk Jun 2017

How Data-Ink Maximization Can Motivate Learners – Persuasion In Data Visualization, Judith Gottschalk

The ITB Journal

This paper discusses both the macro- and the micro-level of persuasion in data visualizations in persuasive tools for language learning. The hypothesis of this paper is that persuasive data visualizations decrease reading time and increase reading accuracy of graph charts. Based on Tufte’s (1983) data-ink maximization principle the report introduces a framework for persuasive data visualizations on the persuasive micro level which employs Few’s (2013) conception of de-emphasizing non-data and emphasizing data-ink. This way persuasive data visualizations for a performance optimizing tool called Learning Journey Online (cf. Gottschalk and Winther-Nielsen 2013) is presented.

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Serial Verb Constructions In Pitjantjatjara And Yankunytjatjara, Conor Pyle Jun 2017

Serial Verb Constructions In Pitjantjatjara And Yankunytjatjara, Conor Pyle

The ITB Journal

This study looks at serial verb constructions in two dialects of the Western Desert language of Australia, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara. With a Role and Reference Grammar analysis, the paradigm allows us to look at the constituents for logical structure, and marking of macroroles. We find that core and peripheral argument phrases are marked by case with ergative nominal marking and accusative pronoun marking. Dependent marking is on the phrase level and there is no verb agreement for number, gender or person marking on the verb. Simple verbs use endings for tense, aspect, mood and status. The operator projection shows the …

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Emotional Facial Expressions In Synthesised Sign Language Avatars: A Manual Evaluation, Robert G. Smith Mr, Brian Nolan Jun 2017

Emotional Facial Expressions In Synthesised Sign Language Avatars: A Manual Evaluation, Robert G. Smith Mr, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

This research explores and evaluates the contribution that facial expressions might have regarding improved comprehension and acceptability in sign language avatars. Focusing specifically on Irish Sign Language (ISL), we examine the Deaf 1 community’s responsiveness to sign language avatars. The hypothesis of this is: Augmenting an existing avatar with the 7 widely accepted universal emotions identified by Ekman [1] to achieve underlying facial expressions, will make that avatar more human-like and improve usability and understandability for the ISL user. Using human evaluation methods [2] we compare an augmented set of avatar utterances against a baseline set, focusing on 2 key …

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Editorial, Brian Nolan Jun 2017

Editorial, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

I am delighted to introduce the 24th edition of the ITB Journal, the academic journal of the Institute of Technology Blanchardstown.

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The Persuasive Tutor: A Bdi Teaching Agent With Role And Reference Grammar Language Interface – Sustainable Design Of A Conversational Agent For Language Learning, Judith Gottschalk Jun 2017

The Persuasive Tutor: A Bdi Teaching Agent With Role And Reference Grammar Language Interface – Sustainable Design Of A Conversational Agent For Language Learning, Judith Gottschalk

The ITB Journal

This paper investigates how an intelligent teaching agent with Role and Reference Grammar [RRG] (cf. Van Valin 2005) as linguistic engine can support language learning. Based on a user-centred empirical design study the architecture of a highly persuasive tool for language learning as an extension of PLOTLearner (http://europlot.blogspot.dk/2012/07/try-plotlearner-2.html) is developed. Based on grounded theory it is shown that feedback and support is of greatest importance even in self-directed computer assisted language learning. Is also shown how this overall approach to language learning can be situated into traditional conversation based learning theories (cf. Laurillard 2009). It is shown that a computationally …

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Headedness In Māori Reflexivity: A Role And Reference Grammar Analysis, Aoife Finn Jun 2017

Headedness In Māori Reflexivity: A Role And Reference Grammar Analysis, Aoife Finn

The ITB Journal

This article will provide an introduction to the Māori language. Particular attention is paid to Māori reflexive construction, which sometimes uses a so-called support form to express reflexivity. It will familiarise the reader with Role and Reference Grammar (RRG), a functionally motivated approach to a grammatical model which accounts for both the form and function of language. RRG provides a robust framework for analysing reflexive constructions. Finally, having considered this framework, the article will account for the occurrence of a reflexive support form in reflexive constructions.

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Editorial, Brian Nolan Jun 2017

Editorial, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

I am delighted to introduce the 23th edition of the ITB Journal, the academic journal of the Institute of Technology Blanchardstown.

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Three-Place Predicates In English: Towards A Unification-Based Computationally Adequate Approach To Role And Reference Grammar, Judith Gottschalk Jun 2017

Three-Place Predicates In English: Towards A Unification-Based Computationally Adequate Approach To Role And Reference Grammar, Judith Gottschalk

The ITB Journal

This paper is concerned with a computational linguistics analysis of Role and Reference Grammar [RRG] (cf. Van Valin and LaPolla 1997; Van Valin (2005) and introduces research work in progress aiming to analyze the computability of RRG. The concept of computational adequacy is introduced as an important external principle from a philosophy of science perspective to sharpen the scientific principles of the area of functional computational linguistics. In addition, a pseudo-code-based meta-language is developed in order to semi-formalize the linking algorithm from semantics to syntax. This paper will show that RRG in its current fashion is not executable on an …

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Persian Cleft Constructions: A Role And Reference Grammar Analysis, Farhad Moezzipour Jun 2017

Persian Cleft Constructions: A Role And Reference Grammar Analysis, Farhad Moezzipour

The ITB Journal

The present paper embarks on the study of Persian cleft construction within the framework of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG henceforth). RRG intends to investigate the interaction of syntax, semantics and pragmatics via the constituent, logical and focus structure as independent but interrelated domains of the paradigm. To start with, an attempt will be made regarding demonstrating the specification role of the cleft construction, which is a universally semantic property of the construction, in the syntactic, semantic and information structures. In Persian clefts, despite that the clefted constituent is the semantic argument of the predicator of the cleft clause, it …

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The Assignment Of Grammatical And Inherent Gender To English Loan Words In Lithuanian Discourse, Jone Bruno Jun 2017

The Assignment Of Grammatical And Inherent Gender To English Loan Words In Lithuanian Discourse, Jone Bruno

The ITB Journal

The aim of this study was to analyse the gender assignment patterns and processes to English loan nouns that were inserted into Lithuanian language during the process of natural speech. Construction Morphology and the Morpheme-based Model were fused for the purpose of the analysis creating the Integrated Construction Morphology Model which allowed the detailed analysis of phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic procedures. The main focus of this research is the change that occurs in the word level while inserting an L2 item into L1 discourse. The findings revealed that masculine gender was assigned as a default gender regardless of stem …

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A Role And Reference Account Of Interrogative Sentences In Lakhota, Avelino Corral Esteban Jun 2017

A Role And Reference Account Of Interrogative Sentences In Lakhota, Avelino Corral Esteban

The ITB Journal

This article has investigated interrogative sentences in Lakhota within the framework of Role and Reference Grammar (hereafter RRG) (Van Valin, 1995; Van Valin and LaPolla, 1997), with the aim of explaining their structure as well as finding out the restrictions on ´wh´-question formation that this language exhibits. By means of this study, we will be able to verify the close relationship that also exists between the interrogative words and the indefinite pronouns in this language, see the constraints on linking in simple ´wh´-questions and give an account of the subjacency effects that block the formation of ´wh´-questions involving complex constructions. …

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Wh-Interrogatives In Early L1 Greek: Comprehension Vs. Production, Evangelia K. Asproudi Jun 2017

Wh-Interrogatives In Early L1 Greek: Comprehension Vs. Production, Evangelia K. Asproudi

The ITB Journal

This paper examines the comprehension and production of wh-interrogatives in early L1 Greek. Specifically, children’s performance is explored at both levels with regard to argument/adjunct extraction and presence/absence of negation. In order to test the predicted lead of comprehension over production, a group of ninety four-to-seven-year old Greek children participated in elicitation tasks that were designed mainly along the methodological principles of Crain and Thornton (1998). On the whole, the results were in line with the initial expectation. That is, the Greek children performed better in question comprehension compared to question production, with individual findings suggesting that children’s economy-based processing …

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Editorial, Brian Nolan Jun 2017

Editorial, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

I am delighted to introduce the 22th edition of the ITB Journal, the academic journal of the Institute of Technology Blanchardstown.

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Report: Visiting Lecture Exchange, Paris May 2017, Diarmuid Cawley Jun 2017

Report: Visiting Lecture Exchange, Paris May 2017, Diarmuid Cawley

Reports

A report of a lecture on wine and wine language given to French culinary and hospitality students at the Pôle Universitaire de Gastronomie, a subsidiary of Université de Cergy-Pontoise in Paris, 2017.

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Catalan: The Renaissance Of Europe’S “Stateless” Language: A Paradigm For The Irish Language Revival?, Aidan Collins May 2017

Catalan: The Renaissance Of Europe’S “Stateless” Language: A Paradigm For The Irish Language Revival?, Aidan Collins

The ITB Journal

This paper looks at the history of the struggle to keep Catalan – the “stateless” language - alive. Throughout the period of Franco, Catalan suffered almost devastating oppression. It came close to extinction and was kept alive by language enthusiasts determined to preserve an integral part of the Catalan culture. As a result, Catalan today not only survives but flourishes, reaping the benefit of benevolent and progressive government programs. Have we, in Ireland, a lesson to learn from the success of Catalan?

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Access To Academic English: The Development Of A Meta- Linguistic Curriculum, Dawn Duffin May 2017

Access To Academic English: The Development Of A Meta- Linguistic Curriculum, Dawn Duffin

The ITB Journal

One of the greatest barriers to the deaf student's continuing and further education is the accessing of course texts and research papers. A native ISL user will not necessarily have acquired fluency in accessing written information in English during the course of his or her previous educational experience. At university the deaf student cannot hope that more than a percentage of course materials will be translated into ISL onto video tape and so often loses insight into the chosen course normally gained through the range of reading of text required by third level study if her or she lacks skill …

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Voice Activated Command And Control With Speech Recognition Over Wireless Networks, Tony Ayres, Brian Nolan May 2017

Voice Activated Command And Control With Speech Recognition Over Wireless Networks, Tony Ayres, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

This paper presents work conducted to date on the development of a voice activated command and control framework specifically for the control of remote devices in a ubiquitous computing environment. The prototype device is a Java controlled Lego Mindstorm robot. The research considers three different scenario configurations. A recognition grammar for command and control of the robot has been created and implemented in Java, in part in the recognition engine and in part on the robot. The physical topology involves Java at each node endpoint, that is, at the handheld PC (iPaq), the PC workstation, the Linux server and onboard …

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Statistical Language Models For Graphical Object Recognition, Laura Keyes, Andrew O'Sullivan, Adam Winstanley May 2017

Statistical Language Models For Graphical Object Recognition, Laura Keyes, Andrew O'Sullivan, Adam Winstanley

The ITB Journal

This paper explores automatic recognition and semantic capture in vector graphics for graphical information systems. The low-level graphical content of graphical documents, such as a map or architectural drawing, are often captured manually and the encoding of the semantic content seen as an extension of this. The large quantity of new and archived graphical data available on paper makes automatic structuring of such graphical data desirable. A successful method for recognising text data uses statistical language models. This work will investigate and evaluate similar and adapted statistical models (Statistical Graphical Langauge Models, SGLM) to graphical languages based on the associations …

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Editorial, Brian Nolan May 2017

Editorial, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

I am delighted to introduce the tenth edition of the ITB Journal, the academic journal of the Institute of Technology Blanchardstown. The aim and purpose of the journal is to provide a forum whereby the members of ITB, visitors and guest contributors from other third level colleges can publish an article on their research in a multidisciplinary journal.

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Towards A Linguistically Motivated Irish Sign Language Conversational Avatar, Irene Murtagh May 2017

Towards A Linguistically Motivated Irish Sign Language Conversational Avatar, Irene Murtagh

The ITB Journal

Avatars are life-like characters that exist in a virtual world on our computer monitors. They are synthetic actors that have, in more recent times, received a significant amount of investigation and development. This is primarily due to leverage gained from advances in computing power and 3D animation technologies. Since the release of the movie “Avatar” last year, there is also a broader awareness and interest in avatars in the public domain. Ishizuka and Prendinger (2004) describe how researchers, while endeavouring to develop a creature that is believable and capable of intelligible communication, use a wide variety of terms to describe …

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The Precore Slot In Icelandic: A Topological Analysis Of V2-Clause Structure Within Role And Reference Grammar, Judith Gottschalk May 2017

The Precore Slot In Icelandic: A Topological Analysis Of V2-Clause Structure Within Role And Reference Grammar, Judith Gottschalk

The ITB Journal

This paper aims to present an analysis of the precore slot [PrCS] in Icelandic within the theory of Role and Reference Grammar [RRG] (cf. Van Valin 2005). Based on the analysis of the PrCS in German by Diedrichsen (2008), an analysis of simple main declarative active voice sentences in Icelandic will be presented. The topological model of Danish sentence structure developed by Diderichsen (1945, 1964), which was adopted for Icelandic in Thráinsson (2007), will be used to analyze the layered structure of the clause [LSC] in Icelandic. It will be shown that the PrCS in V2-languages, such as Icelandic, has …

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Participation In Third Level Education: Issues For Non-Native Speakers Of English, Ruth Harris May 2017

Participation In Third Level Education: Issues For Non-Native Speakers Of English, Ruth Harris

The ITB Journal

In 2008, as part of a SIF (Strategic Innovation Funding) project on Widening Participation in Third Level Education, under the DRHEA (Dublin Regional Higher Education Alliance), the Institute of Technology in Blanchardstown received funding to investigate issues relating to English language literacy levels and access to and achievement at third level education. The overall aim of the project was to evaluate the issues, develop effective interventions and provide guidelines for best practice with a view to increasing the participation of diverse groups in third level education. Non-native speakers of English were identified as a primary group whose participation and success …

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Editorial, Brian Nolan May 2017

Editorial, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

I am delighted to introduce the 21st edition of the ITB Journal, the academic journal of the Institute of Technology Blanchardstown.

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Using Learning Styles To Optimise Lecturer And Learner Experience And Results In An Institute Of Education, Dawn Duffin, Geraldine Gray May 2017

Using Learning Styles To Optimise Lecturer And Learner Experience And Results In An Institute Of Education, Dawn Duffin, Geraldine Gray

The ITB Journal

The past decade of social policy making and legislative change in Ireland has led to a ‘broader range of individuals’ accessing higher education (ITB, 2006, HEA 2005, Duffin forthcoming). This means that class groups contain a greater range of diversity of learning behaviours than hitherto. The process of accommodating this range of learning behaviours within curriculum development and assessment poses a challenge for lecturers and students alike. This paper suggests how understanding the relationship of learning styles to cognitive processing can provide sound research support to the use of learning styles profiling to create conditions for optimal achievement in terms …

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N + N Compounds In German: An Analysis Within Role And Reference Grammar, Judith Gottschalk May 2017

N + N Compounds In German: An Analysis Within Role And Reference Grammar, Judith Gottschalk

The ITB Journal

The aim of this paper is to analyze German N + N compounds consisting of nominal roots [hence N + N compounds] within the theory of Role and Reference Grammar [RRG] (Van Valin and LaPolla 1997, Van Valin 2005). The basis for this analysis of German N + N compounds is the Layered Structure of the Word [LSW] as developed in Nolan (2010). The LSW is analogous to the Layered Structure of the Clause [LSC] and the Layered Structure of the Noun Phrase [LSNP] as they are used in RRG. Besides the description of German N + N compounds, this …

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Construction Grammar As Applied To Core English Modality, Kelli Slimp May 2017

Construction Grammar As Applied To Core English Modality, Kelli Slimp

The ITB Journal

The current study seeks to apply Construction Grammar to the phenomenon of modality. To facilitate a thorough application and analysis, examples of both epistemic and root modal verbs of English are considered. Specifically, those verbs of English chosen for the current study are CAN/MAY and MUST/SHOULD. Motivation for these choices is provided as well as a brief look at the other types of modal verbs existent in the language. In applying Construction Grammar to modality, the research poses the following hypotheses: 1) there are varying types of modality in English; 2) these modal variations are realized uniquely and; 3) an …

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The Noun Phrase In Bamunka: Towards A Complexity Analysis, Ciara Browne May 2017

The Noun Phrase In Bamunka: Towards A Complexity Analysis, Ciara Browne

The ITB Journal

A member of the the Grassfields Bantu family, the Bamunka language of Western Cameroon is spoken by approximantely 31, 000 speakers. Having begun the process of transcribing the lanaguge into written form just six years ago the principles and intricacies of its grammatical system are becoming evident. This paper will look in particular at the noun phrase in Bamunka and draw some conclusions as to the distribution of complexity found therein.

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Personality Variable Of Self-Esteem And Efl Reading Comprehension, Zari Saeedi May 2017

Personality Variable Of Self-Esteem And Efl Reading Comprehension, Zari Saeedi

The ITB Journal

The contribution of psychology to the process of learning, in general, and language learning, in particular, is so pervasive that there is hardly an aspect of language learning/teaching which could not be related to psychology. Among the psychological variables involved in language pedagogy, personality factors can have great significance. The aim of the present study is to determine if there is any association between the crucial personality factor of selfesteem (self-concept) (along with the sex variable) and the reading comprehension achievement of English major university students. The instruments used were Beck Self- Concept Scale (1967), the TOEFL (Test of English …

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Editorial, Brian Nolan May 2017

Editorial, Brian Nolan

The ITB Journal

I am delighted to introduce the 20th edition of the ITB Journal, the academic journal of the Institute of Technology Blanchardstown.

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Mobile Phone Game Localisation, Leonie Troy, Matt Smith, Richard Gallery May 2017

Mobile Phone Game Localisation, Leonie Troy, Matt Smith, Richard Gallery

The ITB Journal

Often, mobile phone games are developed over a short time span. Because of the additional work and complexity that localisation requires, such games are frequently produced without localisation in mind. In recent years automation and standardisation of localisation has been developed and promoted by the Localisation Industry Standard Association (LISA) and Oasis. Mobile phone game localisation involves various types of language transfer on a small scale, which challenges the localisation process carried out on a game. Our work investigated the workflow for the localisation of a mobile phone game into Spanish and German using a LISA Standard TMX (Term Base …

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