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Analysis Of Functional Domains On Glutamatesynthase, Barbaros Nalbantoğlu
Analysis Of Functional Domains On Glutamatesynthase, Barbaros Nalbantoğlu
Turkish Journal of Biology
Glutamate synthases (GOGAT) were analyzed to identify the functional binding domains of the substrate (glutamine) and cofactors (FMN, NAD(P)H, FAD, [3Fe-4S]1+,0 and [4Fe-4S]2+,1+ clusters and ferredoxin) on this enzyme. The published amino acid sequences of six different NAD(P)H-dependent GOGATs (NAD(P)H-GOGAT) and ten different ferredoxin-dependent GOGATs (Fd-GOGAT) were used for this analysis. The amino acid sequences of these sixteen GOGATs were compared with the amino acid sequences of aminotransferases for glutamine, flavoproteins for FMN, flavoproteins and pyridine-nucleotide-dependent enzymes for FAD and NAD(P)H, iron-sulfur proteins for [3Fe-4S] 1+,0 and [4Fe-4S]2+,1+ clusters and ferredoxin-dependent enzymes for ferredoxin. It was determined that Fd-GOGAT has …
Hydrophobicities And Electrostatic Behavior Ofdifferent Micro-Organisms, Abbas Yousefi Rad, Hakan Ayhan, Erhan Pi̇şki̇n, Özgül Kisa
Hydrophobicities And Electrostatic Behavior Ofdifferent Micro-Organisms, Abbas Yousefi Rad, Hakan Ayhan, Erhan Pi̇şki̇n, Özgül Kisa
Turkish Journal of Biology
The surface properties of 7 different micro-organisms with their 14 different strains were examined. The contact angles of the micro-organism films were measured by a captive-bubble technique. Surface free energies were calculated from the contact angles. Hydrophobicities were also evaluated by adhesion to p-xylene. The zeta potentials and surface charges of the micro-organisms were measured using a zeta potential analyser system. The contact angles of the gram positive micro-organisms, gram negative micro-organisms and Candida ablicans were in the ranges 48-70°, 43.5-55°, and 69-75° respectively, while the corresponding surface free energies were in the ranges 44.9-60.4 erg.cm -2 , 55.3-61.8 erg.cm …
Effects Of Various Physiological Stresses Ontranscription Of The Suc2gene In The Yeastsaccharomyces Cerevisiae, Sezai̇ Türkel
Effects Of Various Physiological Stresses Ontranscription Of The Suc2gene In The Yeastsaccharomyces Cerevisiae, Sezai̇ Türkel
Turkish Journal of Biology
Physiological conditions in the growth habitat of yeast cells dramatically changes the gene expression pattern. In this study, it was shown that transcription of the SUC2gene, which encodes the cytoplasmic and secreted enzyme invertase, is modulated according to the environmental conditions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hyperosmotic stress and oxidative stress repressed the transcription of the SUC2gene up to 50%. However, preconditioning of the yeast cells prevented the negative effects of osmotic stress on SUC2gene transcription. These results clearly show that, apart from the control of invertase activity and its secretion, osmotic stress and oxidative stress also represses transcription of …
Genomic Imprinting: A Specialized Form Of Generegulation, Fatma Fi̇li̇z Çoşkun Ari
Genomic Imprinting: A Specialized Form Of Generegulation, Fatma Fi̇li̇z Çoşkun Ari
Turkish Journal of Biology
Genomic imprinting is a process resulting in the preferential expression of certain genes depending on whether the genetic material has been inherited from the mother or the father. Many imprinted genes have been identified as having important roles in mammalian development, and the loss of imprints as well as non-imprinted alleles causes a variety of developmental abnormalities and pathological conditions in both mice and humans. In this article, the phenomenon of genomic imprinting, the developmental implications of imprinting and the molecular mechanisms proposed for this process are reviewed.
Hepatitis C Virus: Genome Organization, Viralproteins And Implications In Disease Pathogenesis, Çağla Eroğlu, Ergün Pinarbaşi
Hepatitis C Virus: Genome Organization, Viralproteins And Implications In Disease Pathogenesis, Çağla Eroğlu, Ergün Pinarbaşi
Turkish Journal of Biology
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infection with HCV becomes chronic in more than 80% of cases and it accounts for 20% of all cases of acute hepatitis. The hepatitis C virus was first identified by the molecular cloning of the virus genome in 1989. It is an enveloped, positive strand RNA virus with a genome size of around 9.5 kilobases. The single-stranded RNA genome of the virus contains a large open reading frame that encodes a large polyprotein of 3,010 to 3,033 amino acids shown to be processed by a …
Monitoring Of Germin Synthesis By Pre-Absorbedanti-Germin Serum, Mahmut Çalişkan, Andrew C. Cuming
Monitoring Of Germin Synthesis By Pre-Absorbedanti-Germin Serum, Mahmut Çalişkan, Andrew C. Cuming
Turkish Journal of Biology
The transition of a quiescent plant embryo into a vigorously growing embryo revealed some nascent synthesis of gene products, among them germin has been characterized. Germin is a water soluble homopentameric glycoprotein whose synthesis and accumulation appear to be closely related to early wheat embryo development. Germin synthesis was monitored by employing an anti-germin serum which had been pre-adsorbed with wheat extract and optimized in order to decrease nonspecific binding. Germin accumulation was shown to occur in germinating embryos from 16h up to 6 day post-imbibition. Germin as a rare protein in wheat seedlings was detected as a dark band …
The Effect Of Kinetin, Gibberellic Acid And Indoleacetic Acid On Ems-Induced Somatic Mutation Andrecombination In Drosophila Melanogaster, Eli̇f Yeşi̇lada
The Effect Of Kinetin, Gibberellic Acid And Indoleacetic Acid On Ems-Induced Somatic Mutation Andrecombination In Drosophila Melanogaster, Eli̇f Yeşi̇lada
Turkish Journal of Biology
The effect of plant growth hormones (kinetin, gibberellic acid (GA 3) and indole acetic acid (IAA)) on EMS-induced mutant wing spots was studied with the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster.GA 3 reduced all kinds of EMS-induced spot. While a 10 -3 M concentration of kinetin reduced only the number of EMS-induced twin spots, a 10 -4 M concentration was seen to increase the number of all types of spot. The same concentrations of IAA gave variable results. A 10 -4 M concentration of IAA caused a decrease only in the number of large single spots. Our …
Susceptibility Of Chickpea ( Cicer Arietinuml.)Cultivars To Agrobacterium Tumefaciens(Smith Andtownsend) Conn, Azi̇z Karakaya, Sebahatti̇n Özcan
Susceptibility Of Chickpea ( Cicer Arietinuml.)Cultivars To Agrobacterium Tumefaciens(Smith Andtownsend) Conn, Azi̇z Karakaya, Sebahatti̇n Özcan
Turkish Journal of Biology
Twelve chickpea cultivars grown in Turkey were assessed for susceptibility to wild-type Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains A281 and A136NC. Although all chickpea cultivars showed susceptibility to infection from both A. tumefaciens strains, Diyar-95, Flip 87-8, Ispanyol, Gökçe, Damla-89, and Aziziye-94 had higher frequencies of tumor formation from both strains than the other cultivars tested.
Am1 Treatment Of Some Phenoxyacetic Acidherbicides, Lemi̇ Türker
Am1 Treatment Of Some Phenoxyacetic Acidherbicides, Lemi̇ Türker
Turkish Journal of Biology
AM1-type semiempirical quantum chemical calculations were carried out to explain differences in herbicidal activity between certain phenoxyacetic acid derivatives. It was found that the proper orientation and shape of the COOH group and the phenyl moiety both mutually and individually affected the observed activities.
Increase Of The \Alpha-Amylase Yield By Some Bacillusstrains, Eli̇f Sarikaya, Veli̇tti̇n Gürgün
Increase Of The \Alpha-Amylase Yield By Some Bacillusstrains, Eli̇f Sarikaya, Veli̇tti̇n Gürgün
Turkish Journal of Biology
In order to obtain high amounts of \alpha-amylase enzyme from Bacillus bacteria a new medium was developed. In this medium, three strains of Bacillus bacteria were grown in the presence of different carbon, nitrogen and metal ions. The highest \alpha-amylase yield was obtained by addition of Na-citrate, strach and sucrose for the strains of B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens I and B. amyloliquefaciens II, respectively. As a nitrogen source, yeast extract was found to be effective on enzyme yield for B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens II, while ammonium sulfate was found to be effective for B. amyloliquefaciens I. None of the …
Freeliving Ciliates Of Pure And Soils Polluted Byconstituents Of Oil Lifting At Apsheron Peninsula, İlham Kh Alekperov
Freeliving Ciliates Of Pure And Soils Polluted Byconstituents Of Oil Lifting At Apsheron Peninsula, İlham Kh Alekperov
Turkish Journal of Biology
The data compiled during five-year-long investigation on the influence of drilling water and crude oil on specific composition, number and structure of the communities of free-living soil ciliates is presented. The vertical distribution of ciliates and their colonizing potential in the sterile soil monoliths placed in clean and polluted soils was studied on the basis of their survival and physiological responses. The changes in certain ciliate species were demonstrated by biotesting of the influence of various concentrations of drillinig water, crude oil and drillinig muds on these ciliates.
Longevity In Some Wild Type And Hybrid Strains Ofdrosophila Melanogaster, Şükran Çakir, Ali̇ Ni̇hat Bozcuk
Longevity In Some Wild Type And Hybrid Strains Ofdrosophila Melanogaster, Şükran Çakir, Ali̇ Ni̇hat Bozcuk
Turkish Journal of Biology
It is known that aging is a multifactorial mechanism composed of both genetic and environmental components. The main evolutionary theories of aging are antagonistic pleiotropy and mutation accumulation, neither of which has substantial experimental support yet. In this study, the longevities of three wild type strains of Drosophila melanogaster and F1 hybrids derived from them were determined. Heterosis caused an increase in the adult lifespan of F1 hybrids.
In Situ Germination Of Pollen Tetrads In Periplocagraceae L. (Periplocaceae), Feruzan Dane
In Situ Germination Of Pollen Tetrads In Periplocagraceae L. (Periplocaceae), Feruzan Dane
Turkish Journal of Biology
The mature anthers in large flower buds of Periploca graceae L. ( Periplocaceae ) were examined cytologically. It was seen that pollen was retained in permanent tetrads. Pollen tetrads were usually observed as isobilateral, rarely as linear. It was also observed that pollen tetrads germinated within the anther loculi. Most of the pollen tetrads were well stained and the germination rate was 90 %. In in situ germinated pollen tetrads, 1-4 pollen tubes were observed. During germination of pollen tetrads, the behavior of the nuclei was normal. At the early stage of pollen tube formation, a vegetative nucleus and two …
Study Of Interphases Betweensubunits Of Human Serum Albumin By Tritiumlabelling Method, Elimchan S. Dzhafarov
Study Of Interphases Betweensubunits Of Human Serum Albumin By Tritiumlabelling Method, Elimchan S. Dzhafarov
Turkish Journal of Biology
For the purpose of obtaining information about interphases between subunits of human serum albumin (HSA), a new tritium labelling method was adopted. The existence of linear dependence between accessible surface of amino acid residues and their specific radio-activity enabled to obtain information about qualitattive and quantitative amino acid composition of surface layer of protein globule and its large fragments. It is shown that the fragments surface characterized by higher accessibility of hydrophobic amino acid residues such as Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro and Phe. Moreover Lys, Asx and Glx demonstrate high accessibility also. It is supposed that the spatial HSA …
Isolation, Characterization And Identification Ofthiram-Degrading Microorganisms From Soilenrichment Cultures, Nuretti̇n Şahi̇n, Abdurrahman Üsame Tamer
Isolation, Characterization And Identification Ofthiram-Degrading Microorganisms From Soilenrichment Cultures, Nuretti̇n Şahi̇n, Abdurrahman Üsame Tamer
Turkish Journal of Biology
Mixed microbial cultures were obtained by enrichment from soil samples collected from the Gediz basin. A number of species of bacteria and fungi were isolated and partially characterized from enrichment clutures containing the fungicide thiram. According to their responses in morphological and biochemical tests fungi were identified as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Penicilium steckii. Bacterial isolates were assigned to the genera: Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Moraxella-like Acinetobacter and Streptomyces. Islates grew in a mineral salts medium containing 0.2 mg/ml thiram and no growth factors were required.
Pollen Characters And Their Evolutionarysignificance With Special Reference To The Flora Ofkarachi, Anjum Perveen
Pollen Characters And Their Evolutionarysignificance With Special Reference To The Flora Ofkarachi, Anjum Perveen
Turkish Journal of Biology
The pollen morphology of 353 species from Karachi, belonging to 67 families of angiosperms, distributed in 58 dicots and 9 monocots were investigated by scanning electron microscope (S.E.M.) and light microscope (L.M.). Examination of these families revealed great pollen diversity in their qualitative and quantitative characters. However, from a phylogenetic and evolutionary point of view, polarity, symmetry, apertural types and exine sculpturing are the most important characters. In general, dicot pollen is relatively more specialized than that of monocots. Dicotyledons are generally characterized by radially symmetrical, isopolar, colporate, colpate and porate pollen, whereas monocotyledon are usually heteropolar, bilaterally symmetric, boat-shaped, …
Distributions And Possible Roles Of Laminin, Fibronectin And Theirreceptor Subunits Integrin \Beta4 And \Alpha5 In Remodelling Of Extracellularmatrix During Decidualization In Rats, Ümi̇t Ali̇ Kayişli, Mevlüt Asar, Ramazan Demi̇r
Distributions And Possible Roles Of Laminin, Fibronectin And Theirreceptor Subunits Integrin \Beta4 And \Alpha5 In Remodelling Of Extracellularmatrix During Decidualization In Rats, Ümi̇t Ali̇ Kayişli, Mevlüt Asar, Ramazan Demi̇r
Turkish Journal of Biology
In the endometrium preparing for pregnancy, the stromal matrix components of the cells and their products begin structural differentiation due to endometrial receptivity. According to the hypothesis that 'extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and adhesion molecules take roles in the structural differentiation as a result of endometrial decidualization', our aim was to determine the roles of ECM molecules laminin, fibronectin and adhesion proteins integrin \alpha5 and \beta4 in the decidulization and implantation by examining the emergence and changing distribution of these proteins. In this study, five experimental groups, consisting of 40 pregnant animals on pregnancy days 4-8, were used. Paraffin tissue …
A Study Of The Levels Of Vitamins A, E And C And Selenium In Rhubarb(Rheum Ribes L.), Ömer Munzuroğlu, Fi̇kret Karataş, Nazmi̇ Gür
A Study Of The Levels Of Vitamins A, E And C And Selenium In Rhubarb(Rheum Ribes L.), Ömer Munzuroğlu, Fi̇kret Karataş, Nazmi̇ Gür
Turkish Journal of Biology
The levels of vitamins A, E and C and selenium in young shoots of Rheum ribes L. collec-ted at various altitudes from Elazığ and Tunceli Basins were examined experimentally. The vitamin le-vels and the amount of selenium were determined by HPLC and fluorometers. It was determined that the levels of A, E and C vitamins and selenium in the young shoots of Rheum ribes L. were in the ranges of 0.255 ± 0.019 - 0.363 ± 0.015 µg.gr -1 , 0.614 ± 0.014 - 0.765 ± 0.021 µg.gr -1 , 197.6 ± 10.47 - 282.3 ± 17.46 µg .gr -1 …
Identification Of Lactoce Plasmids In Lactococcus Lastic Subsp. Lactisstains, Çağla Tükel, Mustafa Akçeli̇k
Identification Of Lactoce Plasmids In Lactococcus Lastic Subsp. Lactisstains, Çağla Tükel, Mustafa Akçeli̇k
Turkish Journal of Biology
Plasmids encoding lactic acid fermentation ability were investigated in 50 strains of L. lactis subsp. lactis. Acriflavine was used for the elimination of lactose fermentation ability (Lac + ) from wild type strains. Lactose negative (Lac - ) mutants were selected on lactose indicator agar media. Six different lactose plasmids were identified for fifty strains by comparison of plasmid profiles of Lac - and Lac + mutants. The molecular sizes of these lactose plasmids ranged between 26.3 and 38.5 kb.
Phage Sensitivities Of Lactococci Isolated From Raw Milk And Whey, Pinar Şanlibaba, Mustafa Akçeli̇k
Phage Sensitivities Of Lactococci Isolated From Raw Milk And Whey, Pinar Şanlibaba, Mustafa Akçeli̇k
Turkish Journal of Biology
In this study, lactococcal strains isolated from raw milk and whey samples of different types of cheese produced without using industrial starter cultures in different regions of Turkey were tested for sensitivity to 22 lactic phages. In addition to the strain isolation materials, virulent lactic phages were also isolated from samples obtained from dairy plants using industrial starter cultures. 18 L lactis subsp. lactis strains out of 73 lactococcal strains were found to be resistant to all the phages. It was determined that the total phage resistance levels of the other 55 strains were between 18.18 and 90.90%.
Insecticide Resistanca In Maleria Vector An. Sacharovi, Ümi̇t Lüleyap, Hali̇l Kasap
Insecticide Resistanca In Maleria Vector An. Sacharovi, Ümi̇t Lüleyap, Hali̇l Kasap
Turkish Journal of Biology
Susceptibility tests have been successfully used for many years to determine insecticide resistance raised in pest and vector insects, including An. sacharovi,the primary human malaria vector in Turkey. As this method does not provide sufficient information about physiological resistance, an alternative method of enzyme tests based on biochemical and genetic evaluations has been developed. In this study, both methods were used for comparison. First of all, susceptibility to insecticides was tested in adult females of An. sacharovi collected in different seasons from Tabaklar and Herekli Villages, where insecticides are used intensively for both agricultural and vector control purposes, and from …
Investigation On The Liver Functions Agriculturel Workers Chronically Exposed To Pesticides, Ülkü Çömelekoğlu, Bi̇rgül Mazmanci, Abdullah Arpaci
Investigation On The Liver Functions Agriculturel Workers Chronically Exposed To Pesticides, Ülkü Çömelekoğlu, Bi̇rgül Mazmanci, Abdullah Arpaci
Turkish Journal of Biology
Blood samples were taken from agricultural workers who had been exposed to pesticides for long periods in Içel and the surrounding agricultural areas (n=150) and levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, total protein, albumin and globulin in serum were determined. The same parameters were measured in 64 persons who are not exposed to pesticides in any way. Study group showed significantly higher levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH (p
Immunohistochemical Distribution Of Transforming Growth Factor Alpha,Laminin, Fibronectin And Desmin In Rat Ovary, Gökhan Akkoyunlu, İsmai̇l Üstünel, Ramazan Demi̇r
Immunohistochemical Distribution Of Transforming Growth Factor Alpha,Laminin, Fibronectin And Desmin In Rat Ovary, Gökhan Akkoyunlu, İsmai̇l Üstünel, Ramazan Demi̇r
Turkish Journal of Biology
Since the pure synthesis of transforming growth facto alpha (TGF\alpha) many attempts have been made in order to determine its distribution in various tissues. As a result of the complexitiy of the cyclic periods throughout experimental models, it is not easy to determine the distribution of TGF\alpha in the system. Especially the pre-and through-gestational pattern of TGF\alpha in rat ovary has not been reported fully. Furthermore, the shortage of literature about intracellular desmin and laminin, fibronectin of different intermediate filaments whether they have any interaction with TGF\alpha through this period, makes the subject worth discussing. Immunocytochemical techniques were utilized in …
Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase And Catalase Activities In Agricultureworkers Who Have Been Chronically Exposed To Pesticides, Ülkü Çömelekoğlu, Bi̇rgül Mazmanci, Abdullah Arpaci
Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase And Catalase Activities In Agricultureworkers Who Have Been Chronically Exposed To Pesticides, Ülkü Çömelekoğlu, Bi̇rgül Mazmanci, Abdullah Arpaci
Turkish Journal of Biology
Blood samples were taken from farmworkers (n=40) who had been long-term exposed with pesticides (16.52±6.92 years) in Içel and surrounding agricultural areas and measured erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured using spectrophotometric assignation. These antioxidant enzymes were also evaulated in people who had not been exposed to pesticides (n=30). It was observed that erythrocyte SOD levels were significantly higher (p
Some Kinetic Properties Of Hepatic Lipase Of Oncorhynchus Mykisswalbaum, 1792, Kubi̇lay Meti̇n, Mehmet Ali̇ Akpinar
Some Kinetic Properties Of Hepatic Lipase Of Oncorhynchus Mykisswalbaum, 1792, Kubi̇lay Meti̇n, Mehmet Ali̇ Akpinar
Turkish Journal of Biology
Some kinetic properties of hepatic lipase of Oncorhynchus mykisswere investigated. Hepatic triacylglycerol lipase was found to be located in the cytosolic fraction of the cell. Optimal activity of hepatic lipase occurred at pH 8.00 and 32 °C. When pNPA was used as a substrate, Vmax and Km values of hepatic lipase were estimated as 0.40 U/mg protein and 0.12 mM pNPA respectively. A stimulating effect of monovalent (NaCl and KCl) and divalent (CaCl 2 and MgCl 2 ) metal ions on hepatic lipase activity was determined. The bile salts, Na-taurodeoxycholate and Na-deoxycholate, were determined to inhibit hepatic lipase activities. A …
Studies On Genetic And Breeding In Sesame ( Sesamum Indicum L.)I. Inheritance Of The Characters Determining The Plant Type, Hasan Baydar, İsmai̇l Turgut
Studies On Genetic And Breeding In Sesame ( Sesamum Indicum L.)I. Inheritance Of The Characters Determining The Plant Type, Hasan Baydar, İsmai̇l Turgut
Turkish Journal of Biology
The inheritance of the morphogenetical characters determining the plant types, maternal and cytoplasmic effects on oleic and linoleic acids in sesame was determined. The results obtained from the F 1 generation indicated that 1) bicarpellate capsule was dominant over quadricarpellate, 2) single capsule per leaf axil was dominant over three-capsule 3) branched stem type was dominant over non-branched stem type, 4) lobed leaf shape was dominant over simple or ovate leaf shape, 5) hairiness was dominant over hairless, 6) colored seed coat color was dominant over white seed coat color. The results obtained from the F 2 generation indicated that …
Production Of Gibberellic Acid And Cytokinin By Phanerochaete Chrysosporiumme446 Immobilized On Polyurethane Foam, Serpi̇l Ünyayar
Production Of Gibberellic Acid And Cytokinin By Phanerochaete Chrysosporiumme446 Immobilized On Polyurethane Foam, Serpi̇l Ünyayar
Turkish Journal of Biology
The fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME446 was entrapped on polyurethane foam to synthesize gibberellic acid (GA 3 equivalent) and Cytokinin (zeatin equivalent). Maximum gibberellic acid was defined on the 6 th day (44.43 µg/mL and 61.22 µg/mL, respectively) in both free and immobilized cells. Maximum cytokinin was defined on the 12 th day (9.61µg/mL and 16.33 µg/mL, respectively) in both free and immobilized cells. An immobilized system of gibberellic acid and cytokinin production resulted in comparatively higher yield than free fungal mycelium.
Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulatory Proteins, Kemal Büyükgüzel
Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulatory Proteins, Kemal Büyükgüzel
Turkish Journal of Biology
Transcriptional regulation is of considerable importance in the expression of eukaryotic genes, and a considerable degree of regulation is controlled at the level of mRNA synthesis. As in prokaryotic organisms, transcriptional control in eukaryotes results from an interplay between regulatory DNA sequences and site-specific DNA-binding proteins. Transcription of eukaryotic genes is influenced by various regulatory elements, termed promoters, enhancers and silencers. These regulatory elements are composed of discrete DNA sequences, which constitute binding sites for sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. These proteins bind DNA by some common structural motifs. The motifs that are utilized by eukaryotic regulatory proteins are helix-turn-helix, zinc finger …