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Evaluation Of Yield And Quality Of Cheddar Cheese Manufactured From Milk With Added Whey Protein Concentrate, Kirk Alan Baldwin Jan 1985

Evaluation Of Yield And Quality Of Cheddar Cheese Manufactured From Milk With Added Whey Protein Concentrate, Kirk Alan Baldwin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Large quantities of whey are produced as a by-product from the manufacture of cheese or casein. The United States has an annual cheese production of about 2.2 billion kg. The cheese industry has also experienced a steady increase in cheese production of about 6% a year (44). In the process, nearly 18.1 billion kg of whey are produced. Whey was once a discarded product of little value to the cheese producers. With the advent of laws and regulations governing the disposal of whey, whey became a problem that had few solutions. Even today, with the high cost of disposal and …

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Identification Of Volatile Compounds Produced By Brevibacterium Linens That Inhibit Molds, Samuel E. Beattie Jan 1985

Identification Of Volatile Compounds Produced By Brevibacterium Linens That Inhibit Molds, Samuel E. Beattie

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mold contamination of processed food and its raw ingredients is a major concern in agriculture. Although at one time mold contamination of cheese and other foods was considered to be of little conse9uence, discovery of carcinogenic and/or teratogenic toxins (73) produced by molds commonly associated with food has changed this innocuous and frequent inconvenience into a serious health consideration. The presence of mold on or in cheese is a common occurrence, indeed, many cheeses depend upon molds to provide characteristic cheese flavor and texture. Cheeses such as blue, Roquefort, Camembert, and Brie are ripened under controlled conditions by species of …

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Effects Of Breed Of Ewe And Management System On The Production Of Lamb And Wool 2. Production For Ewes From One To Six Years Of Age, W. J. Busch, A. L. Slyter Jan 1985

Effects Of Breed Of Ewe And Management System On The Production Of Lamb And Wool 2. Production For Ewes From One To Six Years Of Age, W. J. Busch, A. L. Slyter

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985

Most research reports indicate that very young and very old ewes have lower levels of lamb and wool production than do middle-aged ewes. The most documented findings are that production will be lowest for ewe lambs bred to lamb at 12 to 14 months of age. Although the trend is fairly well-established, individual breeds may mature and produce at different rates. When selecting those ewes which will remain in the flock, it is important to remember that the production at 1 year of age is not an absolute indicator of eventual production levels. Nevertheless, those ewes that exhibit superior production …

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The Effect Of Controlled Photoperiod, Ergocryptine, And/Or Melatonin On Reproduction In The Anestrous Ewe, Cindie Luhman, A. L. Slyter Jan 1985

The Effect Of Controlled Photoperiod, Ergocryptine, And/Or Melatonin On Reproduction In The Anestrous Ewe, Cindie Luhman, A. L. Slyter

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985

The effect of decreased light and injections of ergocryptine (trial 1) or feeding of melatonin (trial 2) during the normal summer anestrous season of the ewe was studied. Decreased light (8 hr light:16 hr dark) and feeding of melatonin was effective in increasing the number of ewes cycling and conceiving. Decreased lighting also increased the total weight of all lambs born per ewe lambing compared to ewes in natural daylight during summer months. Ergocryptine appeared to have no effect on the ewe other than depressed prolactin levels.

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Niacin Supplementation Of Growing And Finishing Lambs, Richard M. Luther, Cherie Lakner Jan 1985

Niacin Supplementation Of Growing And Finishing Lambs, Richard M. Luther, Cherie Lakner

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985

A growing-finishing trial of 123 days was conducted using forty feeder lambs. The lambs were fed a diet consisting of rolled high-moisture corn, alfalfa brome haylage and a supplement fortified with minerals and vitamin A. Lambs fed a supplement containing 100 ppm of niacin added to the diet gained essentially the same rate and consumed similar amounts of total dry feed as lambs not receiving the vitamin. Feed requirements were slightly higher for the lambs fed the niacin supplement. These results suggest that diets containing corn and alfalfa brome haylage are likely to contain enough niacin to meet the needs …

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The Effect Of Type Of Birth, Breed Of Sire Level Of Postweaning Nutrition And Age Of First Breeding On Lifetime Production Of Targhee And Suffolk-Targhee Range Ewes, S. M. Kappes, A. L. Slyter, W. R. Trevillyan Jan 1985

The Effect Of Type Of Birth, Breed Of Sire Level Of Postweaning Nutrition And Age Of First Breeding On Lifetime Production Of Targhee And Suffolk-Targhee Range Ewes, S. M. Kappes, A. L. Slyter, W. R. Trevillyan

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985

This investigation was initiated to determine which factors would be most beneficial to implement for range operations. This study involved five groups of ewes that were maintained for 5 or 6 years on several commercial range operations in western South Dakota.

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Effects Of Breed Of Ewe And Management System On The Production Of Lamb And Wool 3. Cumulative Production Per Ewe Present, W. J. Busch, A. L. Slyter Jan 1985

Effects Of Breed Of Ewe And Management System On The Production Of Lamb And Wool 3. Cumulative Production Per Ewe Present, W. J. Busch, A. L. Slyter

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985

Breeds of sheep will exhibit differences in lamb and wool production on a lifetime basis as well as a yearly basis. When based on a per ewe present basis, cumulative production represents that amount of production a producer could expect to market from a given set of ewes. Producers need to recognize that an economic advantage exists for those ewes that can produce the same amount of production as other ewes but do it in fewer years. This study evaluated that total production of group of ewes for 6 years.

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Managing Wool For Increased Profit, James M. Thompson Jan 1985

Managing Wool For Increased Profit, James M. Thompson

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985

Annual income from a sheep enterprise is derived from two sources, lamb and wool. Although a majority of the gross income is from the sale of lambs, wool also adds to this total amount. Siebert (1984) reported that in 1982 up to 21% of a sheep producer's total income from the sheep enterprise was from wool if the USDA Wool Incentive payment was included. Just how much of the total gross income wool contributes will vary, but "wool that is clean earns more green". In order to keep wool clean producers need to manage the wool crop not only at …

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Evaluation Of Urea And Dried Whey In Diets Of Cows During Early Lactation, David Paul Casper Jan 1985

Evaluation Of Urea And Dried Whey In Diets Of Cows During Early Lactation, David Paul Casper

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Previous research indicated that soluble nitrogen may be utilized more efficiently for rumen microbial production in diets containing dried whey. To further evaluate this, 33 Holstein, cows (30 multiparous and 3 primiparous) were fed one of three concentrate mixes containing all natural proteins (SBM). 1% urea (U), or 1% urea and 30% dried whey (UDW) from wk 3 through 16 postpartum. Urea replaced portions of the soybean meal in the SBM mix while dried whey replaced portions of the corn and soybean meal. Cows were fed total mixed rations consisting of 40% (dry matter basis) corn silage, 10% alfalfa hay, …

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South Dakota State Univeristy Graduation Exercises, December 15, 1984, Brookings, South Dakota, South Dakota State University Dec 1984

South Dakota State Univeristy Graduation Exercises, December 15, 1984, Brookings, South Dakota, South Dakota State University

Commencement Programs

Please be advised that the individuals listed in the program do not constitute an official confirmation of having met the graduation requirements. Serving as honorary marshals for the Fall 1984 Graduation Exercises are Clarice Shank, Assistant Emeritus of Nutrition and Food Science, and D. Boyd Shank, Professor Emeritus of Plant Science. The graduation address, titled "Reflections of a Graduating Senior," will be delivered by Joel D. Pedersen and Lori L. Uphoff. Dr. Harold S. Bailey, Jr., Vice President for Academic Affairs, will acknowledge honor students. The commission of Air Force officers will be recognized by Col. Thomas E. Vitito.

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Barley In Swine Finishing Diets, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom, R. Hanson Nov 1984

Barley In Swine Finishing Diets, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom, R. Hanson

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

Barley has long been used as a principle energy source in diets for growing finishing swine. Associated with the use of barley instead of corn is poorer feed efficiency due to the higher fiber content of barley. Barley contains more total protein than corn. However, reduction of soybean meal in the diet is limited because of the deficient lysine level in barley. The study reported herein was designed to evaluate diets balanced to be equal in lysine content and ranging in barley content from 0 to 100% of the grain.

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Performance Of Finishing Pigs As Affected By Prior Performance And Addition Of An Antibiotic To The Diets, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom, R. Hanson Nov 1984

Performance Of Finishing Pigs As Affected By Prior Performance And Addition Of An Antibiotic To The Diets, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom, R. Hanson

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

Although pigs may be fairly uniform in weight when they are placed in growing-finishing facilities, uneven performance and thus a wide range in weight at market time is a common occurrence. Poor performing pigs during the growing period seem to continue to grow slower than their faster growing counterparts if they are left in the same pen during the finishing period. The study reported herein is designed to determine if sorting pigs by performance during the growing period will lead to better performance during the finishing period. The effect of addition of antibiotic to the finishing diet was also evaluated.

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Effect Of Added Threonine In A Lysine Supplemented, Low Protein Corn-Sunflower Meal Diet, B. S. Borg, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom Nov 1984

Effect Of Added Threonine In A Lysine Supplemented, Low Protein Corn-Sunflower Meal Diet, B. S. Borg, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

Threonine has been shown to be one of the limiting amino acids in certain types of swine diets. Recent research indicates that the level of threonine required by the young growing pig may be greater than that suggested by the National Research Council (NRC). Research reported in the 1983 Swine Field Day Proceedings, indicated that lysine, threonine and tryptophan are the first three limiting amino acids in a corn-sunflower meal diet with lysine being most deficient. The trial reported, herein, was conducted to identify the optimum level of threonine required by the young growing pig fed a low protein, lysine …

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Dietary Alteration Of The Energy Metabolism In The Sow During Late Gestation, R. A. Cristopherson, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom Nov 1984

Dietary Alteration Of The Energy Metabolism In The Sow During Late Gestation, R. A. Cristopherson, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

The purpose of this study was to alter the dietary energy intake of the gestating sow/gilt in an attempt to cause a conversion from the utilization of carbohydrates for energy to the catabolism of fat, of either a dietary or physiological nature. This conversion could potentially cause a switch from the placental transfer of glucose to ketones and free fatty acids~· The utilization of these compounds for energy, in utero, could potentially result in increased fat deposition and the enhanced ability to utilize dietary fat as an energy source at the time of farrowing.

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Comparison Of Required Energy Intake Of Gilts And Sows To Obtain Recommended Gestation Gains, G. W. Libal, M. K. Hoppe, R. C. Wahlstrom Nov 1984

Comparison Of Required Energy Intake Of Gilts And Sows To Obtain Recommended Gestation Gains, G. W. Libal, M. K. Hoppe, R. C. Wahlstrom

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

Three trials utilizing 104 crossbred sows and gilts were conducted to evaluate energy needs to provide_ predetermined gestation gains for gilts and sows. In trial l» gilts required similar energy levels (6918 kcal ME) to gain .9 lb/day as bred sows required (7008 kcal ME) to gain .5 lb/day during gestation. Open sows and gilts consumed much more energy but were unable to gain at the predetermined levels. In trial 2, 8 month old gilts required more energy than mature sows (5898 vs 5028 kcal ME) and 11 month old gilts consumed more than either other group to gain at …

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Barley Diets For Growing-Finishing Pigs, R. C. Wahlstrom, B. S. Borg, G. W. Libal Nov 1984

Barley Diets For Growing-Finishing Pigs, R. C. Wahlstrom, B. S. Borg, G. W. Libal

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

Barley is an important feed ingredient that may be used as an alternative for corn in swine diets. It is higher in protein and the amino acid lysine than is corn. But, it also contains less energy than corn and thus diets based on barley as the grain source are less efficient than corn based diets. It has also been suggested that hogs fed barley diets do not yield ~s well as those fed corn diets. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effect of lysine and fat supplementation to barley based diets and to compare these diets …

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Response Of Slow-Growing Pigs To Antibiotic Supplementation, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom, R. Hanson Nov 1984

Response Of Slow-Growing Pigs To Antibiotic Supplementation, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom, R. Hanson

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

As pigs approach market weight, the range in weight within a pen often increases with the slow grower lagging further and further behind. These slow growers represent a management problem for producers because they occupy expensive pen space and continue to consume feed for body maintenance needs even though they may not be growing. The objective of the study reported herein was to determine if pigs identified as slow growers during ·the growing period would respond to high levels of dietary antibiotics during the finishing period.

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Molds And Mycotoxins In Swine Diets, C. Ross Hamilton Nov 1984

Molds And Mycotoxins In Swine Diets, C. Ross Hamilton

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

Molds (or fungus) are commonly found in the environment, with more than 200,000 species recognized at present. About 60 species of mold have been determined to be harmful to man and animals. The presence of molds in feed grains may result in problems and economic losses for swine producers. Molds utilize nutrients present in infected grains to lower the available energy, vitamin E and carotene levels in these grains. Certain groups of molds may produce chemical metabolites, called mycotoxins, that are detrimental to the growth and . reproductive function of swine, if ingested.

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Twenty-Eigth Annual Swine Day, Animal Science Department Nov 1984

Twenty-Eigth Annual Swine Day, Animal Science Department

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

These are the complete proceedings of the twenty-eighth annual South Dakota Swine Field Day held on November 15, 1984 at South Dakota State University.

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Amino Acid Deficiencies In A Lysine Supplemented Low-Protein Sunflower Meal Diet For Young Pigs, R. C. Wahlstrom, R. C. Thaler, G. W. Libal Nov 1984

Amino Acid Deficiencies In A Lysine Supplemented Low-Protein Sunflower Meal Diet For Young Pigs, R. C. Wahlstrom, R. C. Thaler, G. W. Libal

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

There has been a dramatic increase in sunflower production during the past few years. Sunflower seeds are used primarily for the production of sunflower oil, thus, the by-product of this pr-0cess is sunflower meal which is available for livestock use. Processes that remove much of the hull, result in a meal that has a protein content similar to that of soybean meal. However, the lysine level of sunflower meal is only approximately 58% of the level in soybean meal. Since synthetic lysine is now readily available it is possible that lysine supplemented sunflower meal could be an alternative for soybean …

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The Effect Of Sarsaponin On Performance Of Finishing Pigs Housed In Crowded Conditions, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom, R. Hanson Nov 1984

The Effect Of Sarsaponin On Performance Of Finishing Pigs Housed In Crowded Conditions, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom, R. Hanson

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

Sarsaponin, a naturally occurring plant steroid derived from the yucca plant is available as a feed additive. Claims are made of increased pig performance during the finishing period of growth, particularly when the pigs are in crowded, stressed conditions.
The study reported herein was designed to evaluate MicroAid, a commercial sarsaponin product, as a feed additive under these conditions.

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Effect Of Weaning Age On Pig Performance To Eight Weeks, R. A. Christopherson, G. W. Libal, R. C. Thaler, B. S. Borg Nov 1984

Effect Of Weaning Age On Pig Performance To Eight Weeks, R. A. Christopherson, G. W. Libal, R. C. Thaler, B. S. Borg

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

The economic return that is realized by a commercial swine operation is largely determined by the efficiency of the sow herd. Increasing litter size and shortening the interval between litters results in greater yearly production per sow unit. Weaning at 2 weeks and allowing 10 days for rebreeding, theoretically, allows the production of 2.65 litters per sow per year~ compared to the national average of 1.7 litters.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of weaning age on post weaning performance.

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Effect Of Added Tryptophan In A Lysine Supplemented Low-Protein, Corn-Soybean Meal Diet, B. S. Borg, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom Nov 1984

Effect Of Added Tryptophan In A Lysine Supplemented Low-Protein, Corn-Soybean Meal Diet, B. S. Borg, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

South Dakota's production of sunflowers has been increasing during recent years and sunflowers are now recognized as an important crop in the state. Sunflowers are an excellent source of oil, with certain varieties containing up to 40% oil. Similar to soybean meal, the by-product of sunflower oil processing is a meal which can be used as a source of protein in formulating swine rations. A previous experiment, reported in the 1983 Swine Field Day Proceedings, indicated that the limiting amino acids in a corn-sunflower meal diet are lysine, tryptophan and threonine.
This study was conducted to identify the optimum level …

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Lysine Supplementation Of Barley-Soybean Meal Diets For Growing Pigs, R. C. Wahlstrom, R. C. Thaler, B. S. Borg Nov 1984

Lysine Supplementation Of Barley-Soybean Meal Diets For Growing Pigs, R. C. Wahlstrom, R. C. Thaler, B. S. Borg

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

The lysine requirement of pigs as suggested by the National Research Council (NRC) was determined using corn-soybean meal based diets. More recent research has indicated that differences exist in the availability of lysine in different ingredients. It has been suggested that lysine in barley is less available than lysine in corn. Thus, it is possible that diets formulated with barley and soybean meal to meet the NRC's suggested lysine requirement, might actually be deficient in this amino acid. This study was conducted to determine the lysine needs of pigs fed barley-soybean meal diets from approximately 45 to 75 lb.

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Sixteenth Annual Poultry Field Day, Animal Science Department Nov 1984

Sixteenth Annual Poultry Field Day, Animal Science Department

South Dakota Poultry Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

These are the complete proceedings of the sixteenth annual Poultry Field Day held on November 1st, 1984 at South Dakota State University.

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Pelleting A Corn-Soy Diet Containing Wheat Bran And The Lysine Requirement On Corn-Sunflower Diets, M. Hassibi, C. W. Carlson, R. M. Luther Nov 1984

Pelleting A Corn-Soy Diet Containing Wheat Bran And The Lysine Requirement On Corn-Sunflower Diets, M. Hassibi, C. W. Carlson, R. M. Luther

South Dakota Poultry Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

Pelleting rations for chickens and turkeys has been shown to increase the rate of gain and improve feed efficiency. A primary effect of pelleting is to increase the density of the feed, thus allowing greater feed intake and consequently an increase in rate of growth and efficiency of feed utilization. This effect of pelleting is very important, especially with higher fiber feeds (low density) in which the performance is limited by the amounts of feed intake, The pelleting process also has been shown to increase availability of nutrients such as starch, fat, etc. With the recent interest in sunflower meal …

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Meat And Bonemeal In A Single Phase Or Step-Down Protein Program For Growing Pullets, Ali B. Kashani, C. Wendell Carlson Nov 1984

Meat And Bonemeal In A Single Phase Or Step-Down Protein Program For Growing Pullets, Ali B. Kashani, C. Wendell Carlson

South Dakota Poultry Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

With increased use of least cost formulation more information is needed about individual ingredients, particularly when sub-optimal levels of nutrients are provided. Meat and bonemeal, for example, has been shown to be an inadequate source of protein when used at over 50% of the total supplement for layers receiving low protein diets. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of meat and bonemeal for growing pullets fed two types of feeding programs.

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Virginiamycin, Terramycin And Copper For Growing Turkeys, Hossein Samie, M. Hassibi, Ali B. Kashani, C. Wendell Carlson Nov 1984

Virginiamycin, Terramycin And Copper For Growing Turkeys, Hossein Samie, M. Hassibi, Ali B. Kashani, C. Wendell Carlson

South Dakota Poultry Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

During the past three decades many studies have been reported which show positive growth responses to dietary anti biotics in turkey nutrition. Different feed additives have been used extensively in poultry diets at this station to study their effects on poultry performance. Copper (Cu) has been shown to stimulate growth, reduce the incidence of aortic rupture and prevent crop mold growth in turkeys. The affects of Bacitracin, Terramycin and Virginiamycin on growth rates of turkeys have been reported by many investigators. Turkeys have been shown to give better responses from antibiotics in old environments or on lower energy diets or …

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What Is Cholesterol, Where Do We Get It And Why Do We Need It?, C. Wendell Carlson Nov 1984

What Is Cholesterol, Where Do We Get It And Why Do We Need It?, C. Wendell Carlson

South Dakota Poultry Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

Cholesterol is a high molecular weight alcohol found in all animal tissue. When purified it is a yellow compound and its molecular structure is similar to and really the parent com pounds from which the bile acids, sex hormones, vitamin D and adrenal hormones are produced as diagrammed in Figure 1. In an adult human, cholesterol is synthesized in the liver at the rate of 1.5 - 2.0 gm per day. Therefore, the normal dietary intake of from 200 to 600 mg is only a small part of what there is to work with. Dietary sources are foods of animal …

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What Are The Effects Of Diet On Blood Cholesterol?, Roger A. Shewmake Nov 1984

What Are The Effects Of Diet On Blood Cholesterol?, Roger A. Shewmake

South Dakota Poultry Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984

Should we cut our intake of cholesterol and saturated fats? Many health authorities have been urging such reductions to help combat coronary heart disease (CHD).
Excluding the greatest cause of death and disability in the United States, the next nine leading causes added together would not equal number one: coronary heart disease. More than one million heart attacks occur in the U.S. each year and cause more than a half million deaths.

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