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Feeding Corn Distiller's Co-Products To Beef Cattle, Kent Tjardes Aug 2002

Feeding Corn Distiller's Co-Products To Beef Cattle, Kent Tjardes

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

The ethanol industry is currently in the midst of a considerable expansion period in South Dakota and surrounding states. As more ethanol plants are built and begin production, the availability of co-products for livestock feed will increase dramatically. Co-products may offer the cattle industry a tremendous opportunity to reduce feed costs without sacrificing performance. However, there are significant challenges that must be met before feeding these products. The majority of the new plants utilize a dry milling process to produce ethanol from corn. Dry milling (mash distillation) involves cleaning and grinding the grain into coarse flour. Then water and enzymes …

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Technical Note: The Effect Of Freezing On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values Of Beef Longissimus Steaks Across Several Postmortem Aging Periods, B.C. Shanks, D.M. Wulf, R.J. Maddock Aug 2002

Technical Note: The Effect Of Freezing On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values Of Beef Longissimus Steaks Across Several Postmortem Aging Periods, B.C. Shanks, D.M. Wulf, R.J. Maddock

Animal Science Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to compare fresh and frozen protocol procedures for Warner- Bratzler shear force (WBSF) determination on steaks aged for different periods of time. The fresh protocol consisted of measuring WBSF on steaks cooked on the exact day the aging period ended. The frozen protocol consisted of measuring WBSF on steaks that were aged, frozen (−16°C) for approximately 2 mo, thawed for 24 h, and then cooked. Twenty-two strip loin steaks from each of 20 crossbred heifers and steers were individually vacuum-packaged and assigned to either the fresh or frozen protocol and one of 11 aging …

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Agricultural, Resource And Ecological Economics With A ‘Multifunctionality’ Perspective, Thomas Dobbs Jul 2002

Agricultural, Resource And Ecological Economics With A ‘Multifunctionality’ Perspective, Thomas Dobbs

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

It would seem that agriculture in industrialized countries is experiencing 'the best of times' and 'the worst of times'. Productivity per unit of land and, consequently, aggregate food and fiber output have climbed dramatically since World War II. Food is generally 'cheap' relative to average per capita incomes. However, the costs of this abundance are becoming increasingly apparent. Drinking water supplies are becoming contaminated, bird and fish populations have declined, plant and animal biodiversity has been lost, and soil organic matter has declined. Also, agriculture appears increasingly vulnerable to human and animal health scares. Witness the recent outbreaks in Europe …

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Early Weaning Beef Calves, Kent Tjardes, Cody Wright, Don Boggs Jul 2002

Early Weaning Beef Calves, Kent Tjardes, Cody Wright, Don Boggs

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

Weaning calves earlier than the normal 6-7 months of age is a management practice that should be considered when pastures are short or quality is poor. Calves have been weaned successfully at less than 2 months of age. However, normal rumen function is not developed until approximately 120 days of age. Research has demonstrated that calves older than 90 days have satisfactory gains without being put on milk replacers. Calves can be placed in a drylot on a medium energy diet (NEg ≥0.45 Mcal/lb), on a higher quality pasture, or a pasture with supplemental creep feed.

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Relationships Among Glycolytic Potential, Dark Cutting (Dark, Firm, And Dry) Beef, And Cooked Beef Palatability, D.M. Wulf, R.S. Emnett, J.M. Leheska, S.J. Moeller Jul 2002

Relationships Among Glycolytic Potential, Dark Cutting (Dark, Firm, And Dry) Beef, And Cooked Beef Palatability, D.M. Wulf, R.S. Emnett, J.M. Leheska, S.J. Moeller

Animal Science Faculty Publications

One hundred beef carcasses were selected at three packing plants and were used to determine the relationship between glycolytic potential (GP) and dark, firm, and dry (DFD) beef and to determine the effects of DFD status and GP on cooked beef palatability. Eight individual muscles were excised from one hindquarter of each carcass at d 7 postmortem: longissimus lumborum, psoas major, gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus. Ultimate pH, colorimeter readings, and Warner-Bratzler shear force were determined for all eight muscles at d 7 postmortem. A ninemember trained sensory panel evaluated cooked longissimus lumborum, …

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How To Measure Total Dissolved Solids (Tds) Using The Hanna Portable Conductivity Meter, Julie Walker, Chuck Ullery Jul 2002

How To Measure Total Dissolved Solids (Tds) Using The Hanna Portable Conductivity Meter, Julie Walker, Chuck Ullery

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

The HANNA D4 portable conductivity meter allows you to quickly estimate the amount of total dissolved solids (TDS) present in a water sample. To obtain valid measurements, you need to follow proper procedures in calibrating, rinsing, and measuring. Here is a step-by-step procedure for two HANNA D4 model meters, along with instructions for converting the meter reading of each meter to TDS (ppm). Depending on which meter you have, the actual meter reading will be different, but EC or TDS results are the same.

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Gleaning Information From Mandatory Livestock Price Reporting, Matthew Diersen Jun 2002

Gleaning Information From Mandatory Livestock Price Reporting, Matthew Diersen

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

Mandatory livestock price reporting has changed how prices are reported and used by analysts and market participants. Reporting has affected the availability of many reports and has added new reports and information. The new information often needs to be put into a meaningful form for direct use by analysts and participants. A brief overview of the evolution and implementation of mandatory price reporting is given. The new price reports are then discussed and compared to voluntary reports. Special attention is given to new reports that give insights into the short-and medium-run cattle supply situation. As South Dakota had State-level reporting …

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Farm And Home Research: 53-2, Mary Brashier, Lance Nixon, Marianne Stein Jun 2002

Farm And Home Research: 53-2, Mary Brashier, Lance Nixon, Marianne Stein

Farm and Home Research: 1999 - 2007

In this Issue: [Page] 3- Director’s comments [Page] 4- A dab of Dorper [Page] 7- Sun Grant Initiative [Page] 10- Off-farm jobs [Page] 12- Multi-year rotations [Page] 14- Tracking corn borer moth flights [Page] 17- GAP analysis [Page] 20- Marbling [Page] 22- Societal benefits, co-products of agriculture

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Teff: A New Annual Forage Grass For South Dakota?, Edward K. Twidwell, Arvid Boe, David P. Casper Jun 2002

Teff: A New Annual Forage Grass For South Dakota?, Edward K. Twidwell, Arvid Boe, David P. Casper

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

Teff (Eragrostis tef Zucc. Trotter) is a major cereal crop in Ethiopia and has been grown in other African countries as a hay crop. Teff is a warm-season, annual grass that has rapid seed germination and seedling development. It also is well adapted to dry climates. These qualities indicate that teff could be used in this region of the U.S. as a supplemental forage during periods when other forage supplies are diminished. In South Dakota, late summer is when forage supplies are typically low. Teff has been marketed recently in South Dakota under the name “Dessie Summer Lovegrass.” This marketing …

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Wheat Scab, Dale J. Gallenberg Jun 2002

Wheat Scab, Dale J. Gallenberg

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

Scab, also known as head blight, head scab or pink mold, is a fungal disease which can attack spring and winter wheat as well as other small grains. It is generally most serious under wet or humid weather conditions, such as that experienced in South Dakota and the upper Great Plains in 1993. Scab was observed in some winter wheat fields and was particularly severe in spring wheat and some barley fields.

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Personal Pesticide Protection - Coveralls And Aprons, Cooperative Extension Service Jun 2002

Personal Pesticide Protection - Coveralls And Aprons, Cooperative Extension Service

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

Pesticide labels under the federal Worker Protection Standard (WPS) may require coveralls for people working with pesticides or near areas treated with them. One- or two-piece coveralls provide an extra layer of protection and can reduce skin exposure to pesticides. Although a variety of protective coveralls are available in local stores or by mail, few companies provide information about resistance of their materials to agricultural chemicals. Remember that coveralls cannot offer complete protection and that no one material is effective in all situations. Wearing coveralls over regular work clothes and underwear can reduce the amount of pesticides that get onto …

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Gypsy Moth In South Dakota, Murdick Mcleod Jun 2002

Gypsy Moth In South Dakota, Murdick Mcleod

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

The gypsy moth has been the most destructive insect pest of trees and shrubs in the eastern United States following its introduction in 1869. Large infestations are capable of completely defoliating deciduous trees over extensive areas. Defoliation alters the environment, reducing shade and affecting water quality. Defoliation also weakens trees and predisposes them to attack from other insects and diseases, often resulting in tree mortality. A major annoyance in urban and recreational areas, in addition to the unsightliness of defoliated trees, is the presence of masses of caterpillars and fecal droppings resulting from heavy gypsy moth infestations. In addition, some …

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Purple Loosestrife In South Dakota: "Threatening Our Aquatic Resources, Cooperative Extension Service Jun 2002

Purple Loosestrife In South Dakota: "Threatening Our Aquatic Resources, Cooperative Extension Service

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

No abstract provided.

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Sweetclover Production And Management, Edward K. Twidwell, John U. Thomson, Regg D. Neiger Jun 2002

Sweetclover Production And Management, Edward K. Twidwell, John U. Thomson, Regg D. Neiger

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

Sweetclover was introduced into the United States from southeastern Asia in the early 1700s. As late as 1910 it was legislated against as a weed in some states. We now know that sweetclover is valuable for hay, silage, pasture, seed, soil improvement, and as a source of nectar and pollen for honey bees.

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South Dakota State University Undergraduate General Catalog 2002-2004, South Dakota State University Jun 2002

South Dakota State University Undergraduate General Catalog 2002-2004, South Dakota State University

South Dakota State University Catalogs and Bulletins: 1935 to present

No abstract provided.

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Canola Production, Kathleen Grady Jun 2002

Canola Production, Kathleen Grady

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

Canola is an edible form of rapeseed developed by Canadian plant breeders in the 1970s. Rapeseed and canola are members of the mustard family, which also includes tame and wild mustard, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and turnip. The term “canola” was registered in 1979 by the Western Canadian Oilseed Crushers Association as the name for rapeseed varieties with genetically modified oil composition and lowered glucosinolates. Canola varieties must have less than 2% erucic acid in the processed oil and less than 30 micromoles of glucosinolates per gram of oil-free meal. The lowered levels of these two seed components enable the oil …

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Effects Of Drought Stress On Soybean Production, Robert C. Hall, Edward K. Twidwell Jun 2002

Effects Of Drought Stress On Soybean Production, Robert C. Hall, Edward K. Twidwell

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

In late July, the hot, dry weather accelerated the maturity of the soybean crop about 8 days ahead of normal. About 85% of the crop had bloomed and 25% had started to form pods. This publication discusses 1) how drought stress affects potential soybean yields, 2) how to estimate potential soybean yields prior to harvest, and 3) alternate uses of drought stressed soybeans.

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Does International Trade Hold Profit Potential For The U.S. Dairy Industry?, Donald L. Peterson May 2002

Does International Trade Hold Profit Potential For The U.S. Dairy Industry?, Donald L. Peterson

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.

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South Dakota State University One Hundred-Sixteenth Annual Commencement, May 4, 2002, Brookings, South Dakota, South Dakota State University May 2002

South Dakota State University One Hundred-Sixteenth Annual Commencement, May 4, 2002, Brookings, South Dakota, South Dakota State University

Commencement Programs

Please be advised that the individuals listed in the program do not represent official confirmation of meeting the graduation requirements. The 116th Annual Commencement ceremony will commence with introductions by University President Peggy Gordon Miller. Honorary marshals for the event are D. Marge J. Hegge, Distinguished Professor of Nursing, Director of Academic Evaluation and Assessment, Title III Coordinator, and Bush Project Director, along with Dr. A. Lowell Slyter, Professor Emeritus of Animal and Range Sciences. Delivering the commencement address, titled "Search for Meaning Along Life's Journey," will be Tamara R. Gardner, a candidate for graduation. Dr. Carol J. Peterson will …

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Effects Of Protein Level And Gender On Estimation Of Lean Gain Per Day Of Pigs From A Terminal Crossbreeding System, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, J.N. Tembei May 2002

Effects Of Protein Level And Gender On Estimation Of Lean Gain Per Day Of Pigs From A Terminal Crossbreeding System, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, J.N. Tembei

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

Lean growth potential is currently used to typify pigs when designing nutritional programs The most common method of estimating lean growth type is by measuring gain over the growth-finsih period and obtaining carcass information for the pigs evaluated. This information is placed in a model to calculate lean gain/day. Excess protein is fed to ensure that the genetic potential for lean gain per day is not limited by nutrition. The data reported herein are the results of determining the lean growth potential of the SDSU research herd in 1992 with pigs fed two different protein regimens.

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Effect Of Diet Complexity On The Performance Of Newly Weaned Pigs Fed Pharmacological Levels Of Zinc Oxide, D.Y. Lee, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters May 2002

Effect Of Diet Complexity On The Performance Of Newly Weaned Pigs Fed Pharmacological Levels Of Zinc Oxide, D.Y. Lee, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace mineral for swine. The requirement for Zn has been suggested to be in the range of 50 to 100 mg/kg for pigs at various stages of growth. The bioavilability of zinc oxide (ZnO) as a source of Zn is lower than other Zn sources such as zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), zinc carbonate (ZnCO3) and Znmethionine in weanling pigs. Recent studies have shown that adding pharmacological levels (2000-4000 mg/kg) of Zn as ZnO to corn-soybean meal based diets improved started pig performance and was effective in controlling E. coli scours for weanling pigs. Very high levels …

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Effect Of Formulating Diets To Reduce Excess Amino Acids On Performance Of Growing And Finishing Pigs, G.W. Libal, D.N. Peters May 2002

Effect Of Formulating Diets To Reduce Excess Amino Acids On Performance Of Growing And Finishing Pigs, G.W. Libal, D.N. Peters

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

For every stage of growth, pigs have a requirement for essential amino acids provided in a specific ratio and for additional nitrogen provided as amino acids or other nitrogen sources to allow synthesis of nonessential amino acids. The typical manner of balancing swin diets has involved supplying several traditional feed ingredients in a ratio in the diet that meets the required level of the most limiting amino acid leaving excesses of most other amino acids. With this method, considerable nitrogen above that needed for nonessential amino acid synthesis is provided and excess nitrogen is excreted in the urine as urea. …

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Influence Of Corn Density On Pig Growth And Nutrient Digestibility, E.L Hansen, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters May 2002

Influence Of Corn Density On Pig Growth And Nutrient Digestibility, E.L Hansen, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

The pricing of corn is baded upon a number of factors including moisture content, test weight, level contaminants, and deterioration of quality. It is understood that high moisture content dilutes the concentration of energy and nutrients. Poor quality because of deterioration during storage and the presence of contaminants lowers the palatability of the ingredient and may have negative health ramifications With less logical reasoning it has been assumed that the feeding value of corn for pigs is related to corn’s bulk density. Low-test weight corn is sold at a discount even if moisture content and quality factors are desirable. Corn …

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Evaluation Of A Macrophage Attenuated Isolate Of Prrsv As A Vaccine For Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, C.D. Nelson, R.R. Rowland, D.H. Zeman, D.A. Benfield May 2002

Evaluation Of A Macrophage Attenuated Isolate Of Prrsv As A Vaccine For Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, C.D. Nelson, R.R. Rowland, D.H. Zeman, D.A. Benfield

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

PRRS continues to be the most economically important disease of swine. While the acute reproductive disease is still prevalent, chronic, or endemic PRRS in nursery and grow/finish pigs is a major problem confronting most swine producers. Post-weaning problems in these herds include a 50-85% reduction in growth rates; a 10-30% increase in unmarketable pigs; and a 10-25% increase in psot-weaning morality. Popular protocols to manage PRRSV infections include bredding herd stabilization; elmination of seronegative sub-populations of susceptible gilts; nursery depopulation; and more recently mass vaccination/unidirectional pig flow in the grow/finsih unit. The goal of this project is to determine if …

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Effects Of Dietary Energy Concentration During The Grower Period On The Accuracy Of Determining Lean Gain Potential During The Finisher Period For Pigs Selected During The Grower Period By Either A Lean Gain Formula Or By Plasma Urea Nitrogen Concentration As An Indicator Of Lean Gain, J.N. Tembei, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters May 2002

Effects Of Dietary Energy Concentration During The Grower Period On The Accuracy Of Determining Lean Gain Potential During The Finisher Period For Pigs Selected During The Grower Period By Either A Lean Gain Formula Or By Plasma Urea Nitrogen Concentration As An Indicator Of Lean Gain, J.N. Tembei, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

It is generally thought that pigs eat to satisfy their demand for energy and the amount of feed consumed is dependent on the energy density of the diet. Therefore, the amount of feed consumed when an energy-dense diet is fed will be lower than when a low energy diet is fed. Protein is the nutrient that is most frequently adjusted as energy density in the diet is changed. Energy intake influences the rates of deposition of lean and fat tissue. Nitrogen accretion is generally limited by voluntary intake of energy for pigs weighing less than 50 kg but not for …

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Serum Concentrations Of Igf-1 And Steroids In Growing Boars, Barrows And Gilts., J.A. Clapper, L.A. Rempel May 2002

Serum Concentrations Of Igf-1 And Steroids In Growing Boars, Barrows And Gilts., J.A. Clapper, L.A. Rempel

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

It is known that boars, barrows, and gilts grow at different rates and with varying defficiencies. Gilts generally eat less, grow slower, but are more efficient and have leaner carcasses than. One way in which growth may be regulated in pigs is through changes in circulating IGF-I and (or) IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) Insulin-like growth factors-I has been shown to stimulate amino acid and lgucose uptake and increase protein synthesis, while IGFBPs can function to inhibit or protentiate the actions of IGFs. Estradiol has been demonstrated to regulate expression of the IGF system. Administration of estradiol increased serum concentrations of …

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Effects Of High Protein/Low Carbohydrate Swine Diets During The Final Finishing Phase On Pork Muscle Quality, J.M. Leheska, D.M. Wulf, J.A. Clapper, R.C. Thaler May 2002

Effects Of High Protein/Low Carbohydrate Swine Diets During The Final Finishing Phase On Pork Muscle Quality, J.M. Leheska, D.M. Wulf, J.A. Clapper, R.C. Thaler

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

Pork color and water-holding capacity defects (pale, soft and exudative, or PSE pork) are functions of muscle pH and cost of the U.S. pork industry $60 million per year (Morgan et al., 1994). Pork with a low ultimate hP (pH<5.5) has a paler color and lower water-holding capacity. Lactic acid build-up is responsible for lowering pH from 7.0, at the time of death, to 5.2-6.0 at 24h postmortem. Postmortem glycolysis produces lactic acid and can only occur in the presence of the substrate glycogen. Therefore, more glycogen in the muscle at slaughter will result in more lactic acid build up and a lower ultimate pH, which will result in a paler color and a lower water-holding capacity (Ellis et al, 1997) Consumption of carbohydrates is the main source of glucose in the blood (Guyton and Hall, 1996). In human studies conducted by Snitker et al., (1997) eight adult males were given one of two isoenergetic diets: a high-carbohydrate diet (75% of energy as carbohydrate, 15% as protein, and 10% as fat), or a low-carbohydrate diet (10% of energy as carbohydrate, 15% as protein, and 75% as fat) for three days. After the three day dietary maniuplation, glycogen content in the vastus lateralis muscle was significatnly lower for the low-carbohydrate subjects; 296 vs 426 mmol glucose/kg dry muscle, respectively (P<0.001) (Snitker et al., 1997). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if feeding ultra-high protein/low carbohydrate swine diets during the final finishing phase could reduce muscle glycogen and thereby imporve pork muscle quality.

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The Distribution Of Prrs S:P Ratios In Prrs Negative Case Submissions, W.B. Epperson May 2002

The Distribution Of Prrs S:P Ratios In Prrs Negative Case Submissions, W.B. Epperson

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an important viral disease of swine. A popular way to diagnose PRRS infection is by detection of PRRS antibodies using a comercial system (HERDCHECK PRRS ELISA-IDEXX Laboratory, Westbrook, ME). For each sample tested, the system measuers PRRS antibodies and compares the concentration of antibody in the sample with the concentration of antibody in a known positive sample. The system outputs this result as an S:P ratio (sample: positive). Ratios ≥0.40 (the “cut-off” point) are interpreted to mena the sample is PRRS positive. We have observed that animals originating from PRRS negative herds have …

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Effects Of Feeding Diets Formulated With Amino Acid Profiles Intended For High-, Medium-, And Low-Lean Gain Pigs On The Performance Of Medium-Lean Gain Pigs, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters May 2002

Effects Of Feeding Diets Formulated With Amino Acid Profiles Intended For High-, Medium-, And Low-Lean Gain Pigs On The Performance Of Medium-Lean Gain Pigs, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

The University of Nebraka and South Dakota State University published a Swine Nutrition Guide with nutrient recommendations for pigs in a four-phase feeding system for 20 to 114 kg. The recommendations utilized the concepts of split sex feeding, ideal protein profile relative to lysine, and reduction of nitrogen excretion by lowering the total protein content of the diet with dietary supplementation with economically available amino acids The research reported in this paper was an attempt to evaluate the consequences of feeding diets formulated for three lean groth genotypes to pigs of the medium-lean growth type.

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Effect Of Nursery Pen Group Zize On Performance And Weight Variation Of Pigs Weaned At 10 To 20 And 20 To 30 Days Of Age, G.W. Libal May 2002

Effect Of Nursery Pen Group Zize On Performance And Weight Variation Of Pigs Weaned At 10 To 20 And 20 To 30 Days Of Age, G.W. Libal

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

Current trends in the swine industry are for management of pigs in larger groups well beyond that which has been recommended. With larger groups there is the potential for higher stocking rates because of more effective pig space per pen, savings in cost of dividing fences, and, in some cases, feeding equipment. However, with larger groups, more initial weight variation within a pen would be expected due to less sorting and more social competition because of more pigs per pen. It is unclear if these potentially negative factors would result in poorer pig performance during the nursery period and/or more …

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