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R&D-Marketing Integration Mechanisms, Communication Flows, And Innovation Success, Rudy K. Moenaert, William E. Souder, Arnoud De Meyer, Dirk Deschoolmeester Jan 1994

R&D-Marketing Integration Mechanisms, Communication Flows, And Innovation Success, Rudy K. Moenaert, William E. Souder, Arnoud De Meyer, Dirk Deschoolmeester

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The authors report the results of their study of forty technologically innovative Belgian companies to examine the interaction between marketing and R&D. They studied one commercially successful and one commercially unsuccessful technological product innovation project in each participating company and collected data from one marketing and one R&D respondent per project. Communication flows between marketing and R&D are increased under conditions involving formalization of projects, decentralization, positive inter-functional climate, and role flexibility.

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The Unctad Liner Code: A Dead Letter?, Sock-Yong Phang, Rex S. Toh Jan 1994

The Unctad Liner Code: A Dead Letter?, Sock-Yong Phang, Rex S. Toh

Research Collection School Of Economics

The UNCTAD Code of conduct for Liner Conferences entered into force in 1983. The Code's cargo allocation scheme or '40-40-20 rule' aims to provide shipping lines of developing countries with a fair change to compete for the carriage of their seabourne trade. However, the Code has not been effective in meeting its stated objectives for a variety of reasons. Amongst the administrative difficulties are (i) the complications introduced by the EEC's Brussels Package, (ii) the definition of national lines, (iii) the unit of measurement for cargo allocation purposes, and (iv) the monitoring of cargo movements. The tremendous growth in non-conference …

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International Trade And The Equilibrium Rate Of Unemployment In A Heckscher-Ohlin World Economy, Hian Teck Hoon Jan 1994

International Trade And The Equilibrium Rate Of Unemployment In A Heckscher-Ohlin World Economy, Hian Teck Hoon

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper develops a (stylized Asia-America) Heckscher-Ohlin world economy in which the equilibrium rate of unemployment is endogenous. We examine the impact of various economic shocks on unemployment in the global economy. Harrod-neutral or Hicks-neutral technical progress across all industries in Asia leads to a terms of trade improvement for America but raises America's unemployment rate. Introducing a third country such as the block of former socialist economies results in higher unemployment for both Asia and America. Protection in America lowers American equilibrium unemployment but raises Asia's unemployment.

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The Vehicle Quota System In Singapore: An Assessment, Winston T. H. Koh, David K. C. Lee Jan 1994

The Vehicle Quota System In Singapore: An Assessment, Winston T. H. Koh, David K. C. Lee

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper reviews the developments since the vehicle quota system was introduced in Singapore in May 1990. We discuss the bidding strategies for the certificates of entitlement (COE) under both the transferable and nontransferable auctions, as well as the equity of the present system and the desirability of transferable COEs. We argue that the COE auction should be made discriminatory and propose an alternative system of COE auction that we feel is both equitable and at the same time politically acceptable. We also survey developments in market competition in the car industry.

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A Semantic Framework For Understanding The Behavior Of Modules And Classes In Programming Languages, Mahesh Dodani, Benjamin Kok Siew Gan Jan 1994

A Semantic Framework For Understanding The Behavior Of Modules And Classes In Programming Languages, Mahesh Dodani, Benjamin Kok Siew Gan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recent trends in programming language design and implementation are aimed at integrating the two most important constructs to combat complexity: modules and classes. Both constructs provide encapsulation, a cornerstone of reliable programming. These constructs differ in their approach to building hierarchies: modules define visibility of components while classes define visibility of functionality. How can modules and classes be effectively integrated within a simple programming language? This question captures the essence of developing semantics of these constructs to ensure that they interact in a meaningful way. This paper develops a formal denotational semantic framework for understanding the interaction between classes and …

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Measurement Of The Branching Fraction For D+K-++, Balest, R.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas Jan 1994

Measurement Of The Branching Fraction For D+K-++, Balest, R.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Using the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring we have measured the ratio of branching fractions, B(D+K-++)/(D0K-+)=2.350.160.16. Our recent measurement of scrB(D0K-+) then gives scrB(D+K-++)=(9.30.60.8)%.

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Hugh Clifford And Frank Swettenham: Environmental Cognition And The Malayan Colonial Process, Victor R. Savage, Lily Kong Jan 1994

Hugh Clifford And Frank Swettenham: Environmental Cognition And The Malayan Colonial Process, Victor R. Savage, Lily Kong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

George Perkins Marsh has successfully highlighted the importance of the subjective in "seeing". Without precisely labelling the process as a "cognitive" one, Marsh nevertheless recognised that people's perceptions and evaluations are significant filters in the understanding of any social "reality". In the same vein, Gailey (1982:ix) has also pointed out that people are not "mere reflections of a period. They impose their own order and vision upon their times". In this paper, we will focus specifically on this cognitive element; in particular, we have chosen two people of similar sex, nationality and professions, working in Malaya in the same period, …

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'Environment' As A Social Concern: Democratising Public Arenas In Singapore?, Lily Kong Jan 1994

'Environment' As A Social Concern: Democratising Public Arenas In Singapore?, Lily Kong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This paper explores the question of who defines the agenda of environmental concerns in Singapore. It argues that the state plays an inordinately large role in defining the agenda and implementing the solutions. Few other competing environmental agendas have been set in alternative public arenas. While this has worked generally well in Singapore, there are larger roles for environmental groups, businesses and industries, and other bodies to play. It is in the enlarged roles of these bodies that the hope for a greater democratization of public arenas in Singapore lies.

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A Case Of Signed But Not Necessarily Sealed: Hong Leong Finance, Kee Yang Low Jan 1994

A Case Of Signed But Not Necessarily Sealed: Hong Leong Finance, Kee Yang Low

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

ASSUME you are a bank officer who has recently approved a loan to a company and, as security, you have taken a guarantee from three directors. Through an unfortunate turn of events, the company defaults and is wound up.

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Flames On The Wires: Mediating From An Electronic Cottage, Ian Macduff Jan 1994

Flames On The Wires: Mediating From An Electronic Cottage, Ian Macduff

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This article reflects on a curiosity of modern life, in that it is a very preliminary comment on a kind of mediation that does not involve me moving beyond the desk where my computer is located. It is a mediator's parallel to armchair travelling, with the difference here being that the experience is not vicarious, though it is certainly remote.

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Reading Landscape Meanings: State Constructions And Lived Experiences In Singapore's Chinatown, Brenda S. A. Yeoh, Lily Kong Jan 1994

Reading Landscape Meanings: State Constructions And Lived Experiences In Singapore's Chinatown, Brenda S. A. Yeoh, Lily Kong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The term 'landscape" embodies multiple levels of meaning: it articulates the ideological intent of the powerful who plan or shape the landscape in particular ways and at the same time reflects the everyday meanings implicit in the daily routines of ordinary people associated with the landscape. Through an analysis of four themes constituting the landscape of Singapore's Chinatown, we unpack two different but interdependent versions of landscape reality: the construction of social meanings from the state's perspective and those derived from the lived experiences of Chinatown's inhabitants. In our first theme, we explore the multiplicity of meanings invested in Chinatown's …

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Managing Risks In Information Technology Projects, Boon Siong Neo, Kwong Sin Leong Jan 1994

Managing Risks In Information Technology Projects, Boon Siong Neo, Kwong Sin Leong

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

The development and implementation of IT (Information Technology) projects are plagued with problems of cost and time overruns. technical inadequacy, inability to meet user requirements. lack of utilization. and failure to achieve anticipated benefits. These problems occur to some projects and not to others because I) IT projects have different profiles of risk. and 2) IT project risks have been managed more or less effectively. This paper synthesizes the literature into four classes of risks. and applies it to evaluate TradeNet. an EDLbased trading system implemented in Singapore in I989. Through a case study of TradeNet. we derived a typology …

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Metaphor In/And/Of The Four Modernizations: The Discourse Of Pencil Sharpeners In Chinese Politics, William A. Callahan Jan 1994

Metaphor In/And/Of The Four Modernizations: The Discourse Of Pencil Sharpeners In Chinese Politics, William A. Callahan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

"China" is a process of cultural revolutions that have dotted - sometimes with blood - its history. These cultural revolutions have been various attempts to establish a harmony in the Chinese world. Since the Opium Wars of the 1840s, the West has become a major ingredient in this harmony - the Four Modernizations Campaign.

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Exclusive Hadronic B Decays To Charm And Charmonium Final States, Alam, M.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas Jan 1994

Exclusive Hadronic B Decays To Charm And Charmonium Final States, Alam, M.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We have fully reconstructed decays of both B¯0 and B− mesons into final states containing either D, D*, D**, ψ, ψ’, or χc1 mesons. This allows us to obtain new results on many physics topics including branching ratios, tests of the factorization hypothesis, color suppression, resonant substructure, and the B−−B¯0 mass difference.

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Observation Of A New Charmed Strange Meson, Kubota, Y.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas Jan 1994

Observation Of A New Charmed Strange Meson, Kubota, Y.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

No abstract provided.

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On The Equivalence Of Mceliece's And Niederreiter's Public-Key Cryptosystems, Y. X. Li, Robert H. Deng, X. M. Wang Jan 1994

On The Equivalence Of Mceliece's And Niederreiter's Public-Key Cryptosystems, Y. X. Li, Robert H. Deng, X. M. Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

It is shown that McEliece's and Niederreiter's public-key cryptosystems are equivalent when set up for corresponding choices of parameters. A security analysis for the two systems based on this equivalence observation, is presented

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Identifying Faces Using Multiple Retrievals, Jian Kang Wu, Arcot Desai Narasimhalu Jan 1994

Identifying Faces Using Multiple Retrievals, Jian Kang Wu, Arcot Desai Narasimhalu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

During a police investigation, officers often have to sort through hundreds of photographs to identify a suspect. To aid this task, we at the Institute of Systems Science developed and implemented a flexible database system that can retrieve faces using personal information, fuzzy and free-text descriptors, and classification trees.

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Beyond Pepper V. Hart: The Legislative Reform Of Statutory Interpretation In Singapore, Andrew B.L. Phang, Andrew Phang Jan 1994

Beyond Pepper V. Hart: The Legislative Reform Of Statutory Interpretation In Singapore, Andrew B.L. Phang, Andrew Phang

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

One of the major controversies in the area of statutory interpretation has centred on the use of parliamentary materials as extrinsic aids by courts in interpreting legislation. The English courts long prohibited any reference to parliamentary materials.' Legislation was passed in Australia in the 1980s to allow liberal reference to parliamentary materials in the courts.2 More recently, a seminal decision of the House of Lords in 1992 in Pepper (Inspector of Taxes) v. Hart' introduced significant flexibility into the hitherto rigid proscription followed in the English courts, although it did not go as far as the legislative reforms in Australia. …

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A Place For The Privileged Will, Jack Tsen-Ta Lee Jan 1994

A Place For The Privileged Will, Jack Tsen-Ta Lee

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Most people consider the proper distribution of their property on death a vitally important matter. For those who are elderly, ill or engaged in risky occupations, it is often urgent to get such things settled fast. But some people may be in circumstances where they cannot comply with the formal requirements for a valid will. The law has long recognized this concern in the case of soldiers and sailors by allowing them to create privileged wills. Many jurisdictions, including Singapore, have legislation to this effect. This article seeks to determine if there remains a place for the privileged will today. …

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A Probabilistic Approach To Fault Diagnosis In Linear Lightwave Networks, Robert H. Deng, A. A. Lazar, W. Wang Dec 1993

A Probabilistic Approach To Fault Diagnosis In Linear Lightwave Networks, Robert H. Deng, A. A. Lazar, W. Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The application of probabilistic reasoning to fault diagnosis in linear lightwave networks (LLNs) is investigated. The LLN inference model is represented by a Bayesian network (or causal network). An inference algorithm is proposed that is capable of conducting fault diagnosis (inference) with incomplete evidence and on an interactive basis. Two belief updating algorithms are presented which are used by the inference algorithm for performing fault diagnosis. The first belief updating algorithm is a simplified version of the one proposed by Pearl (1988) for singly connected inference models. The second belief updating algorithm applies to multiply connected inference models and is …

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User-Database Interface: The Effect Of Abstraction Levels On Query Performance, Hock Chuan Chan, Kwok Kee Wei, Keng Siau Dec 1993

User-Database Interface: The Effect Of Abstraction Levels On Query Performance, Hock Chuan Chan, Kwok Kee Wei, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

A common classification of data models is based on their abstraction levels: physical, logical and conceptual. The user-database interaction can be similarly classified. For the conceptual-level interaction, the user and the database exchange information on the user's world, e.g., information of entities, relationships, and attributes. For the logical-level interaction, the user and the database communicate based on concepts in the database system, e.g., relations and join operations. We expect users to be familiar with concepts in their world but not the concepts in the database system. This is especially so for infrequent or naive database users. The conceptual level should …

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Asynchronous Transaction Commitment In Federated Database Systems, San-Yih Hwang, Ee Peng Lim, Jaideep Srivastava Dec 1993

Asynchronous Transaction Commitment In Federated Database Systems, San-Yih Hwang, Ee Peng Lim, Jaideep Srivastava

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We propose a new (and restricted) model for global transactions which allows asynchronous commitment of subtransactions. Our model requires each global transaction to have a fixed structure with update to the data in at most one database. Based on this transaction model, we present two concurrency control algorithms, namely Asynchronous Site Graph and Asynchronous VirtGlobalSG, which employ asynchronous commitment and achieve global serializability. Compared to other proposed algorithms, our algorithms employ asynchronous commitment so as to increase transaction performance. Furthermore, our algorithms do not put restrictions on transaction data access or local histories.

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Is A Bond Rating Downgrade Bad News, Good News, Or No News For Stockholders?, Choo Yong, Jeremy Goh, Louis H. Ederington Dec 1993

Is A Bond Rating Downgrade Bad News, Good News, Or No News For Stockholders?, Choo Yong, Jeremy Goh, Louis H. Ederington

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We examine the reaction of common stock returns to bond rating changes. While recent studies find a significant negative stock response to downgrades, we argue that this reaction should not be expected for all downgrades because: (1) some rating changes are anticipated by market participants and (2) downgrades because of an anticipated move to transfer wealth from bondholders to stockholders should be good news for stockholders. We find that downgrades associated with deteriorating financial prospects convey new negative information to the capital market, but that downgrades due to changes in firms' leverage do not.

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Conducting Interorganizational Research Using Key Informants, Nirmalya Kumar, Louis W. Stern, James C. Anderson Dec 1993

Conducting Interorganizational Research Using Key Informants, Nirmalya Kumar, Louis W. Stern, James C. Anderson

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In this article, we examine the use of the key informant methodology by researchers investigating interorganizational relationships. Authors have advocated the use of multiple informants to increase the reliability and validity of informant reports. However, interorganizational research still tends to rely on single informants. We investigated informant selection and obtaining perceptual agreement among multiple informants, two problems that may have inhibited widespread use of multiple informants. We suggest procedures for dealing with those problems and provide an illustrative application of our proposals.

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Share-Price-Changes-Volume Relation On The Singapore Equity Market, David K. C. Lee, Mohamed Ariff Dec 1993

Share-Price-Changes-Volume Relation On The Singapore Equity Market, David K. C. Lee, Mohamed Ariff

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

A critical review of the literature on security-price-changes-volume research suggests that the published studies in the United States and one each in Hong Kong and Japan have largely ignored the impacts on the results from autocorrelation, non-normality of distributions, heteroscedasticity and non-linear functional forms. Therefore, the reported findings are not robust. In testing for this relation from a small sample of continuously traded shares in the Singapore share market, we find that consistent results may not be obtained because of violations of basic test conditions. A task that remains is an application of alternative test models with data transformation using …

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Quasi-Flag Of Convenience Shipping: The Wave Of The Future, Rex S. Toh, Sock Yong Phang Dec 1993

Quasi-Flag Of Convenience Shipping: The Wave Of The Future, Rex S. Toh, Sock Yong Phang

Research Collection School Of Economics

Many articles and books have been written to extol the advantages and virtues of flags of convenience (FOC) shipping, argue its necessi ty, and defend the practice. However, from the earliest days there has been opposition to FOC shipping, and lately the disenchantment over this questionable form of open registry has led to the potentially rapid growth of what can be termed as quasi-FOC arrangements. This article will first briefly trace the trend from FOCs to quasi-FOCs, outline the legal framework for regulating international shipping, then discuss the problems, opposition, and legal challenges to open registries. Finally, it will trace …

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Dynamic Decision Modeling In Medicine: A Critique Of Existing Formalisms, Tze-Yun Leong Dec 1993

Dynamic Decision Modeling In Medicine: A Critique Of Existing Formalisms, Tze-Yun Leong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Dynamic decision models are frameworks for modeling and solving decision problems that take into explicit account the effects of time. These formalisms are based on structural and semantical extensions of conventional decision models, e.g., decision trees and influence diagrams, with the mathematical definitions of finite-state semi-Markov processes. This paper identifies the common theoretical basis of existing dynamic decision modeling formalisms, and compares and contrasts their applicability and efficiency. It also argues that a subclass of such dynamic decision problems can be formulated and solved more effectively with non-graphical techniques. Some insights gained from this exercise on automating the dynamic decision …

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Query Optimization And Processing In Federated Database Systems, Ee Peng Lim, Jaideep Srivastava Nov 1993

Query Optimization And Processing In Federated Database Systems, Ee Peng Lim, Jaideep Srivastava

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

No abstract provided.

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Multiple Query Optimization With Depth-First Branch-And-Bound, Ahmet Cosar, Ee Peng Lim, Jaideep Srivastava Nov 1993

Multiple Query Optimization With Depth-First Branch-And-Bound, Ahmet Cosar, Ee Peng Lim, Jaideep Srivastava

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In certain database applications such as deductive databases, batch query processing, and recursive query processing etc., a single query can be transformed into a set ofclosely related database queries. Great benefits can be obtained by executing a group of related queries all together in a single unijied multi-plan instead of executing each query separately. In order to achieve this, Multiple Query Optimization (MQO) identifies common task(s) (e.g. common subezpressions, joins, etc.) among a set of query plans and creates a single unified plan (multiplan) which can be executed to obtain the required outputs forall queries at once. In this paper, …

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An Adaptive Coding Scheme With Code Combining For Mobile Radio Systems, Robert H. Deng, Huafei Zhou Nov 1993

An Adaptive Coding Scheme With Code Combining For Mobile Radio Systems, Robert H. Deng, Huafei Zhou

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The authors propose and study an adaptive error-control coding scheme for binary digital FM (BFM) mobile radio transmission. The scheme employs code combining through packet retransmissions. The number of transmissions of a packet is in proportion to the channel fading/noise levels, which is in contrast to time diversity techniques where a fixed number of repetitions of a data packet is performed even in the absence of channel errors. Furthermore, the receiver uses received signal envelopes as channel state information, which significantly improves the throughput and bit error rate (BER) performance. Performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed for frequency-flat Rayleigh …

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