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The Antihero In Popular Culture: A Life History Theory Of The Dark Triad, Peter K. Jonason, Gregory D. Webster, David P. Schmitt, Norman P. Li, Laura Crysel Jun 2012

The Antihero In Popular Culture: A Life History Theory Of The Dark Triad, Peter K. Jonason, Gregory D. Webster, David P. Schmitt, Norman P. Li, Laura Crysel

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The Dark Triad of personality is composed of narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. Despite the common belief that these traits are undesirable, the media is awash with characters that embody the Dark Triad. Characters like Gregory House, M.D., Batman (a.k.a. the Dark Knight), and James BOND all embody these traits and are some of the most popular media franchises today. As entertaining as these characters are, they provide us with a window into the dark side of human nature. Instead of treating the dark side of human nature as inherently maladaptive, we provide an alternative view that, despite their costs, traits …

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Nonlinear Cointegrating Regression Under Weak Identification, Xiaoxia Shi, Peter C. B. Phillips Jun 2012

Nonlinear Cointegrating Regression Under Weak Identification, Xiaoxia Shi, Peter C. B. Phillips

Research Collection School Of Economics

An asymptotic theory is developed for a weakly identified cointegrating regression model in which the regressor is a nonlinear transformation of an integrated process. Weak identification arises from the presence of a loading coefficient for the nonlinear function that may be close to zero. In that case, standard nonlinear cointegrating limit theory does not provide good approximations to the finite-sample distributions of nonlinear least squares estimators, resulting in potentially misleading inference. A new local limit theory is developed that approximates the finite-sample distributions of the estimators uniformly well irrespective of the strength of the identification. An important technical component of …

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Dynamic Misspecification In Nonparametric Cointegrating Regression, Ioannis Kasparis, Peter C. B. Phillips Jun 2012

Dynamic Misspecification In Nonparametric Cointegrating Regression, Ioannis Kasparis, Peter C. B. Phillips

Research Collection School Of Economics

Linear cointegration is known to have the important property of invariance under temporal translation. The same property is shown not to apply for nonlinear cointegration. The limit properties of the Nadaraya-Watson (NW) estimator for cointegrating regression under misspecified lag structure are derived, showing the NW estimator to be inconsistent, in general, with a "pseudo-true function" limit that is a local average of the true regression function. In this respect nonlinear cointegrating regression differs importantly from conventional linear cointegration which is invariant to time translation. When centred on the pseudo-true function and appropriately scaled, the NW estimator still has a mixed …

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Mining Quantified Temporal Rules: Formalism, Algorithms, And Evaluation, David Lo, Ganesan Ramalingam, Venkatesh Prasad Ranganath, Kapil Vaswani Jun 2012

Mining Quantified Temporal Rules: Formalism, Algorithms, And Evaluation, David Lo, Ganesan Ramalingam, Venkatesh Prasad Ranganath, Kapil Vaswani

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Libraries usually impose constraints on how clients should use them. Often these constraints are not well-documented. In this paper, we address the problem of recovering such constraints automatically, a problem referred to as specification mining. Given some client programs that use a given library, we identify constraints on the library usage that are (almost) satisfied by the given set of clients.The class of rules we target for mining combines simple binary temporal operators with state predicates (composed of equality constraints) and quantification. This is a simple yet expressive subclass of temporal properties (LTL formulae) that allows us to capture many …

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Active Malware Analysis Using Stochastic Games, Simon Williamson, Pradeep Reddy Varakantham, Debin Gao, Chen Hui Ong Jun 2012

Active Malware Analysis Using Stochastic Games, Simon Williamson, Pradeep Reddy Varakantham, Debin Gao, Chen Hui Ong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Cyber security is increasingly important for defending computer systems from loss of privacy or unauthorised use. One important aspect is threat analysis - how does an attacker infiltrate a system and what do they want once they are inside. This paper considers the problem of Active Malware Analysis, where we learn about the human or software intruder by actively interacting with it with the goal of learning about its behaviours and intentions, whilst at the same time that intruder may be trying to avoid detection or showing those behaviours and intentions. This game-theoretic active learning is then used to obtain …

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Adaptive Data Acquisition Strategies For Energy-Efficient, Smartphone-Based, Continuous Processing Of Sensor Streams, Lipyeow Lim, Archan Misra, Tianli Mo Jun 2012

Adaptive Data Acquisition Strategies For Energy-Efficient, Smartphone-Based, Continuous Processing Of Sensor Streams, Lipyeow Lim, Archan Misra, Tianli Mo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

There is a growing interest in applications that utilize continuous sensing of individual activity or context, via sensors embedded or associated with personal mobile devices (e.g., smartphones). Reducing the energy overheads of sensor data acquisition and processing is essential to ensure the successful continuous operation of such applications, especially on battery-limited mobile devices. To achieve this goal, this paper presents a framework, called ACQUA, for ‘acquisition-cost’ aware continuous query processing. ACQUA replaces the current paradigm, where the data is typically streamed (pushed) from the sensors to the one or more smartphones, with a pull-based asynchronous model, where a smartphone retrieves …

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Identifying Linux Bug Fixing Patches, Yuan Tian, Julia Lawall, David Lo Jun 2012

Identifying Linux Bug Fixing Patches, Yuan Tian, Julia Lawall, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In the evolution of an operating system there is a continuing tension between the need to develop and test new features, and the need to provide a stable and secure execution environment to users. A compromise, adopted by the developers of the Linux kernel, is to release new versions, including bug fixes and new features, frequently, while maintaining some older “longterm” versions. This strategy raises the problem of how to identify bug fixing patches that are submitted to the current version but should be applied to the longterm versions as well. The current approach is to rely on the individual …

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Trurepec: A Trust-Behavior-Based Reputation And Recommender System For Mobile Applications, Zheng Yan, Peng Zhang, Robert H. Deng Jun 2012

Trurepec: A Trust-Behavior-Based Reputation And Recommender System For Mobile Applications, Zheng Yan, Peng Zhang, Robert H. Deng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Mobile applications are software packages that can be installed and executed in a mobile device. Which mobile application is trustworthy for a user to purchase, download, install, execute or recommend becomes a crucial issue that impacts its final success. This paper proposes TruBeRepec, a trust-behavior-based reputation and recommender system for mobile applications. We explore a model of trust behavior for mobile applications based on the result of a large-scale user survey. We further develop a number of algorithms that are used to evaluate individual user’s trust in a mobile application through trust behavior observation, generate the application’s reputation by aggregating …

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Virtualization Based Password Protection Against Malware In Untrusted Operating Systems, Yueqiang Cheng, Xuhua Ding Jun 2012

Virtualization Based Password Protection Against Malware In Untrusted Operating Systems, Yueqiang Cheng, Xuhua Ding

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Password based authentication remains as the mainstream user authentication method for most web servers, despite its known vulnerability to keylogger attacks. Most existing countermeasures are costly because they require a strong isolation of the browser and the operating system. In this paper, we propose KGuard, a password input protection system. Its security is based on the hardware-based virtualization without safeguarding the browser or OS. A security-conscious user can conveniently and securely activate or deactivate the password protection by using key combinations. We have implemented KGuard and experimented our prototype on Windows with Firefox. The results show that no significant performance …

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Will Firms Consider A European Optional Instrument In Contract Law?, Gary Low Jun 2012

Will Firms Consider A European Optional Instrument In Contract Law?, Gary Low

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The diversity of contract laws is said by the Commission to discouragecross-border trade and hinder the development by SMEs of a pan-European commercialpolicy. An optional instrument containing both facilitative general contractrules and mandatory consumer protection rules, one of the solutions proposed by theCommission, is gaining rapid support from key stakeholders. Drawing from firms’own views on the problems of legal diversity, and insights from organisationalscience, this article sets out the circumstances in which firms will likely consider aEuropean optional code. Results are mixed: some firms may consider it, whileothers may ignore it. Much depends the firm’s aspirations (i.e. SMEs cannot beassumed …

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Memory Formation, Consolidation, And Forgetting In Learning Agents, Budhitama Susnagdja, Wenwen Wang, Ah-Hwee Tan, Yuan-Sin Tan, Loo-Nin Teow Jun 2012

Memory Formation, Consolidation, And Forgetting In Learning Agents, Budhitama Susnagdja, Wenwen Wang, Ah-Hwee Tan, Yuan-Sin Tan, Loo-Nin Teow

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Memory enables past experiences to be remembered and acquired as useful knowledge to support decision making, especially when perception and computational resources are limited. This paper presents a neuropsychological- inspired dual memory model for agents, consisting of an episodic memory that records the agent's experience in real time and a semantic memory that captures factual knowledge through a parallel consolidation process. In addition, the model incorporates a natural forgetting mechanism that prevents memory overloading by removing transient memory traces. Our experimental study based on a real-time first-person-shooter video game has indicated that the memory consolidation and forgetting processes are not …

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Where Should The Bugs Be Fixed? More Accurate Information Retrieval-Based Bug Localization Based On Bug Reports, Jian Zhou, Hongyu Zhang, David Lo Jun 2012

Where Should The Bugs Be Fixed? More Accurate Information Retrieval-Based Bug Localization Based On Bug Reports, Jian Zhou, Hongyu Zhang, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

For a large and evolving software system, the project team could receive a large number of bug reports. Locating the source code files that need to be changed in order to fix the bugs is a challenging task. Once a bug report is received, it is desirable to automatically point out to the files that developers should change in order to fix the bug. In this paper, we propose BugLocator, an information retrieval based method for locating the relevant files for fixing a bug. BugLocator ranks all files based on the textual similarity between the initial bug report and the …

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Are Faults Localizable?, Lucia Lucia, Ferdian Thung, David Lo, Lingxiao Jiang Jun 2012

Are Faults Localizable?, Lucia Lucia, Ferdian Thung, David Lo, Lingxiao Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Many fault localization techniques have been proposed to facilitate debugging activities. Most of them attempt to pinpoint the location of faults (i.e., localize faults) based on a set of failing and correct executions and expect debuggers to investigate a certain number of located program elements to find faults. These techniques thus assume that faults are localizable, i.e., only one or a few lines of code that are close to one another are responsible for each fault. However, in reality, are faults localizable? In this work, we investigate hundreds of real faults in several software systems, and find that many faults …

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A Self-Organizing Multi-Memory System For Autonomous Agents, Wenwen Wang, Budhitama Subagdja, Ah-Hwee Tan, Yuan-Sin Tan Jun 2012

A Self-Organizing Multi-Memory System For Autonomous Agents, Wenwen Wang, Budhitama Subagdja, Ah-Hwee Tan, Yuan-Sin Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper presents a self-organizing approach to the learning of procedural and declarative knowledge in parallel using independent but interconnected memory models. The proposed system, employing fusion Adaptive Resonance Theory (fusion ART) network as a building block, consists of a declarative memory module, that learns both episodic traces and semantic knowledge in real time, as well as a procedural memory module that learns reactive responses to its environment through reinforcement learning. More importantly, the proposed multi-memory system demonstrates how the various memory modules transfer knowledge and cooperate with each other for a higher overall performance. We present experimental studies, wherein …

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Memory Formation, Consolidation, And Forgetting In Learning Agents, Budhitama Subagdja, Wenwen Wang, Ah-Hwee Tan, Yuan-Sin Tan, Loo-Nin Teow Jun 2012

Memory Formation, Consolidation, And Forgetting In Learning Agents, Budhitama Subagdja, Wenwen Wang, Ah-Hwee Tan, Yuan-Sin Tan, Loo-Nin Teow

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Memory enables past experiences to be remembered and acquired as useful knowledge to support decision making, especially when perception and computational resources are limited. This paper presents a neuropsychological-inspired dual memory model for agents, consisting of an episodic memory that records the agent’s experience in real time and a semantic memory that captures factual knowledge through a parallel consolidation process. In addition, the model incorporates a natural forgetting mechanism that prevents memory overloading by removing transient memory traces. Our experimental study based on a real-time first-person-shooter video game has indicated that the memory consolidation and forgetting processes are not only …

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A Biologically-Inspired Affective Model Based On Cognitive Situational Appraisal, Feng Shu, Ah-Hwee Tan Jun 2012

A Biologically-Inspired Affective Model Based On Cognitive Situational Appraisal, Feng Shu, Ah-Hwee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Although various emotion models have been proposed based on appraisal theories, most of them focus on designing specific appraisal rules and there is no unified framework for emotional appraisal. Moreover, few existing emotion models are biologically-inspired and are inadequate in imitating emotion process of human brain. This paper proposes a bio-inspired computational model called Cognitive Regulated Affective Architecture (CRAA), inspired by the cognitive regulated emotion theory and the network theory of emotion. This architecture is proposed by taking the following positions: (1) Cognition and emotion are not separated but interacted systems; (2) The appraisal of emotion depends on and should …

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Aligning Images In The Wild, Wen-Yan Lin, Linlin Liu, Yasuyuki Matsushita, Kok-Lim Low, Siying Liu Jun 2012

Aligning Images In The Wild, Wen-Yan Lin, Linlin Liu, Yasuyuki Matsushita, Kok-Lim Low, Siying Liu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Aligning image pairs with significant appearance change is a long standing computer vision challenge. Much of this problem stems from the local patch descriptors’ instability to appearance variation. In this paper we suggest this instability is due less to descriptor corruption and more the difficulty in utilizing local information to canonically define the orientation (scale and rotation) at which a patch’s descriptor should be computed. We address this issue by jointly estimating correspondence and relative patch orientation, within a hierarchical algorithm that utilizes a smoothly varying parameterization of geometric transformations. By collectively estimating the correspondence and orientation of all the …

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Myanmar: The Beginning Of Reform And The End Of Sanctions, Marco Bünte, Clara Portela Jun 2012

Myanmar: The Beginning Of Reform And The End Of Sanctions, Marco Bünte, Clara Portela

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Since March 2011, Burma/Myanmar has witnessed a liberalization of the press, the release of political prisoners and the initiation of a political dialogue between the regime on the one hand and the opposition and ethnic groups on the other. The reforms culminated in by-elections on 1 April 2012, which in turn resulted in a landslide victory for Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD). Overall, political reforms in Burma/Myanmar are being initiated from “above.” They are elite-driven and stem from the president and progressive members of the military-dominated party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP).

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Aspirations, Innovation, And Corporate Venture Capital: A Behavioral Perspective, Vibha Gaba, Shantanu Bhattacharya Jun 2012

Aspirations, Innovation, And Corporate Venture Capital: A Behavioral Perspective, Vibha Gaba, Shantanu Bhattacharya

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study takes an organizational decision-making perspective to examine when firms are likely to utilize CVC units as a mechanism for externalizing R&D. We draw insights from the behavioral theory of the firm to argue that managerial aspirations for innovation-related goals are an important driver of CVC initiatives within firms. We test our argument by examining both the adoption and termination of CVC units for a sample of information technology firms from 1992 to 2003. Results show that a firm is more likely to adopt and less likely to terminate a CVC unit when its innovation performance is closest to …

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More Than Nothing? Auditing Business Studies, Stefano Harney, Stephen Dunne Jun 2012

More Than Nothing? Auditing Business Studies, Stefano Harney, Stephen Dunne

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper argues that business school scholarship can be seen as the example par excellence of what we are calling extreme neo-liberalism. By extreme neo-liberalism we mean the coexistence in the same sphere of extreme externalization of costs and extreme regulation of the sources of value. We argue that this condition is most obvious in the research audits conducted in Britain, and spreading globally, audits that record both the extreme externalization in business scholarship of all the sources of the wealth expropriated by business, and at the same time, regulate the very labour that produces this extreme self-regulation. Although this …

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Where I-O Psychology Should Really (Re)Start Its Investigation Of Intelligence Constructs And Their Measurement, Filip Lievens, Charlie L. Reeve Jun 2012

Where I-O Psychology Should Really (Re)Start Its Investigation Of Intelligence Constructs And Their Measurement, Filip Lievens, Charlie L. Reeve

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We believe that Scherbaum, Goldstein, Yusko, Ryan, and Hanges (2012) come up short in (a) their portrayal of the current understanding of the nature of intelligence as it exists in the science of mental abilities and (b) their treatment of the measurement of intelligence constructs. We argue that their view on the nature of intelligence is outdated and that measuring constructs within the domain of intelligence should not be equated only with the use of traditional cognitive ability tests as alternative workbased measures of intelligence constructs have emerged and are in dire need of empirical scrutiny.

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The Intra-Industry Effects Of Chapter 11 Filings: Evidence From Analysts’ Earnings Forecast Revisions, Gary L. Caton, Jeffrey Donaldson, Jeremy Goh Jun 2012

The Intra-Industry Effects Of Chapter 11 Filings: Evidence From Analysts’ Earnings Forecast Revisions, Gary L. Caton, Jeffrey Donaldson, Jeremy Goh

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Shareholders suffer huge losses when firms they own file Chapter 11. Interestingly, even shareholders of rival companies experience statistically significant losses. We examine how the bad news associated with a bankruptcy filing is transferred to the filing firm’s rivals. Using revisions in analysts’ earnings forecasts as a proxy for changes in expected future cash flows, we find that after a bankruptcy filing the market revises downward its cash flow expectations for rivals. Regression analysis confirms a positive relation between changes in expected cash flow and stock market reactions. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that bad news associated with …

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Learning To Write Killer Apps? Performance Improvements In Innovations, Terence Ping Ching Fan Jun 2012

Learning To Write Killer Apps? Performance Improvements In Innovations, Terence Ping Ching Fan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Commercially successful but not necessarily high-tech innovations can change the fortunes of firms and the quality of lives of many. This paper argues that while groups of specialists can quickly bring together knowledge from multiple domains in developing and implementing innovative ideas, a typical lack of system-wide perspective would prove to be a constraint over successive innovations. In contrast, a single individual who acquires specialist knowledge in multiple domains would avoid this constraint, but would incur a penalty to acquire knowledge across domain boundaries upfront. This leads to two opposing performance predictions on the performance of successive innovations: an increasing …

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Employee Surveillance And The Modern Workplace, Marko Pitesa Jun 2012

Employee Surveillance And The Modern Workplace, Marko Pitesa

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Employee surveillance is rapidly becoming widespread in the modern workplace. The rise of information technologies is enabling the development of unprecedented methods of surveillance and employees as well as employers are now facing a need for a reassessment of the system of moral relations this phenomenon entails. This chapter provides an overview of the most widespread workplace surveillance methods and tries to identify the stakeholders and analyse the relations between them. Finally, the key findings of this ethical assessment are pointed out and guidelines for a morally responsible approach to workplace surveillance are proposed. The level of the analysis, in …

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The Landscape Of Singapore’S Insurance Contract Law: Initial Findings On The Use Of Authorities Of Reported Singapore Judgments Regarding Insurance Disputes From 1965 To 2010, Christopher Chao-Hung Chen May 2012

The Landscape Of Singapore’S Insurance Contract Law: Initial Findings On The Use Of Authorities Of Reported Singapore Judgments Regarding Insurance Disputes From 1965 To 2010, Christopher Chao-Hung Chen

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Initial findings of an empirical study of the citations of 80 reported Singapore insurance judgments between 1965 and 2010 show that Singapore courts have not developed a stronger character in the area of insurance law. Though British cases represent 363 of the 512 cases cited, we find that jurisdiction is not a predicator of whether a case is followed or distinguished. However, being a case decided by the UK Supreme Court (including the former House of Lords and Privy Council) is more likely to be followed by Singapore courts regarding insurance law. Nonetheless, Singapore judges cite more English textbooks than …

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The Future Of Promissory Estoppel In Singapore Law, Tiong Min Yeo May 2012

The Future Of Promissory Estoppel In Singapore Law, Tiong Min Yeo

2009 Yong Pung How Professorship of Law Lecture

In the preface to the first Singapore and Malaysian edition of Cheshire, Fifoot, and Furmston’s Law of Contract in 1994, Yong Pung How CJ said: “The Singapore legal system should strive towards indigenous development, preferably by way of a rationalization of its basic laws in the first instance.”1 Singapore law has come a long way since then. In recent years we have seen significant restatements by the Singapore judiciary in diverse areas including contract law, tort law, property law, company law and the conflict of laws. This paper will examine a small but basic topic, promissory estoppel, where there have …

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Love And Money By Parental Match-Making: Evidence From Urban Couples In China, Fali Huang, Ginger Jin, Lixin Collin Xu May 2012

Love And Money By Parental Match-Making: Evidence From Urban Couples In China, Fali Huang, Ginger Jin, Lixin Collin Xu

Research Collection School Of Economics

Parental involvement in marriage matchmaking may distort the optimal spouse choice because parents are willing to substitute love for money. The rationale is that the joint income of married children can be shared among extended family members more easily than mutual attraction felt by the couple themselves, and as a result, the best spouse candidate in the parents' eyes can differ from what is optimal to the individual, even though parents are altruistic and care dearly about their children's welfare. We find supporting evidence for this prediction using a unique sample of urban couples in China in the early 1990s.

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Geographic Proximity Between Auditor And Client: How Does It Impact Audit Quality?, Jong-Hag Choi, Jeong-Bon Kim, Aini Qiu, Yoonseok Zang May 2012

Geographic Proximity Between Auditor And Client: How Does It Impact Audit Quality?, Jong-Hag Choi, Jeong-Bon Kim, Aini Qiu, Yoonseok Zang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Using a large sample of audit client firms, this paper investigates whether and how the geographic proximity between auditor and client affects audit quality proxied by accrual-based earnings quality. We define an auditor as a local auditor (1) if the auditor’s practicing office is located in the same metropolitan statistical area (MSA) as the client's headquarters and (2) if the geographic distance between the two cities where the auditor’s practicing office and the client’s headquarters are located is within 100 kilometers or they are in the same MSA. As predicted, our empirical results are consistent with local auditors providing higher-quality …

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Information Systems Procurement Process Risk And Control: Insights From A Public Sector Organization, Shan Chi Gary Pan, Manjari Mehta, Poh Sun Seow May 2012

Information Systems Procurement Process Risk And Control: Insights From A Public Sector Organization, Shan Chi Gary Pan, Manjari Mehta, Poh Sun Seow

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

This case highlights the specific risks and issues that may be encountered in the information systems (IS) procurement process in a country where bribery and corruption are more common. PSO is a large Indian public sector organization involved in energy-related business. Being financially deprived, PSO relied on government funding to build its infrastructures. Besides the funding support, PSO also inherited the bureaucratic structure and the corruption practices. Lately, PSO was involved in several IS infrastructure and applications upgrading projects and wanted to review its IS procurement process. Does PSO understand the process risks in public IS procurement? Does PSO have …

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#Epicplay: Crowd-Sourcing Sports Video Highlights, Anthony Tang, Sebastian Boring May 2012

#Epicplay: Crowd-Sourcing Sports Video Highlights, Anthony Tang, Sebastian Boring

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

During a live sports event, many sports fans use social media as a part of their viewing experience, reporting on their thoughts on the event as it unfolds. In this work, we use this information stream to semantically annotate live broadcast sports games, using these annotations to select video highlights from the game. We demonstrate that this approach can be used to select highlights specific for fans of each team, and that these clips reflect the emotions of a fan during a game. Further, we describe how these clips differ from those seen on nightly sportscasts.

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