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Environmental Pollution Analysis And Impact Study-A Case Study For The Salton Sea In California, Jerry Gao, Jia Liu, Rui Xu, Samiksha Pandey, Venkata Sai Kusuma Sindhoora Vankayala Siva, Dian Yu Jun 2022

Environmental Pollution Analysis And Impact Study-A Case Study For The Salton Sea In California, Jerry Gao, Jia Liu, Rui Xu, Samiksha Pandey, Venkata Sai Kusuma Sindhoora Vankayala Siva, Dian Yu

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

A natural experiment conducted on the shrinking Salton Sea, a saline lake in California, showed that each one foot drop in lake elevation resulted in a 2.6% average increase in PM2.5 concentrations. The shrinking has caused the asthma rate continues to increase among children, with one in five children being sent to the emergency department, which is related to asthma. In this paper, several data-driven machine learning (ML) models are developed for forecasting air quality and dust emission to study, evaluate and predict the impacts on human health due to the shrinkage of the sea, such as the Salton Sea. …

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A Comparison Of Univariate And Multivariate Forecasting Models Predicting Emergency Department Patient Arrivals During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Egbe Etu Etu, Leslie Monplaisir, Sara Masoud, Suzan Arslanturk, Joshua Emakhu, Imokhai Tenebe, Joseph B. Miller, Tom Hagerman, Daniel Jourdan, Seth Krupp Jun 2022

A Comparison Of Univariate And Multivariate Forecasting Models Predicting Emergency Department Patient Arrivals During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Egbe Etu Etu, Leslie Monplaisir, Sara Masoud, Suzan Arslanturk, Joshua Emakhu, Imokhai Tenebe, Joseph B. Miller, Tom Hagerman, Daniel Jourdan, Seth Krupp

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the existing concern about the uncertainty surrounding patient arrival and the overutilization of resources in emergency departments (EDs). The prediction of variations in patient arrivals is vital for managing limited healthcare resources and facilitating data-driven resource planning. The objective of this study was to forecast ED patient arrivals during a pandemic over different time horizons. A secondary objective was to compare the performance of different forecasting models in predicting ED patient arrivals. We included all ED patient encounters at an urban teaching hospital between January 2019 and December 2020. We divided the data into training …

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Getting Fit In A Sustainable Way: Design And Optimization Of A Low-Cost Regenerative Exercise Bicycle, Huy Pham, Aseesh Paul Bandaru, Pranav Bellannagari, Sohail Zaidi, Vimal Viswanathan Jun 2022

Getting Fit In A Sustainable Way: Design And Optimization Of A Low-Cost Regenerative Exercise Bicycle, Huy Pham, Aseesh Paul Bandaru, Pranav Bellannagari, Sohail Zaidi, Vimal Viswanathan

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

With the increase in demand for more sustainable energy sources, recent researchers have been looking into harvesting energy spent by humans for various purposes. One of the available sources of such energy is exercise equipment. While a few products are available in the market to harvest the power expended during an exercise session, these products are costly, and the cost may prohibit a day-to-day user from purchasing those. Motivated by this challenge, this paper describes a long-running research project that uses a static exercise bicycle to sustainably harvest human energy. A regenerative spin bike that uses the friction between a …

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"You Are Not Alone": Family-Based Hiv Risk And Protective Factors For Hispanic/Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men In San Juan, Pr, Moctezuma Garcia Jun 2022

"You Are Not Alone": Family-Based Hiv Risk And Protective Factors For Hispanic/Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men In San Juan, Pr, Moctezuma Garcia

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) have the second largest HIV infection rate in the United States and Puerto Rico (PR) has ranked number five with the greatest number of Hispanics living with HIV. This study aims to understand how family affects HIV risk and protective factors for young adults. PR MSM ages 21 through 30 in San Juan, PR completed semi-structured interviews exploring the influence interpersonal family relationships have on HIV risk and protective factors. PR MSM (N = 15) completed a semi-structured in-depth individual interview. NVivo was used for administering a thematic analysis based on the …

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Is Active Voice Enough? Community Discussions On Passive Voice, Mmiwg2s, And Violence Against Urban Indigenous Women In San José, California, Soma De Bourbon, Ketzal Gomez, Beatriz San Juan Jun 2022

Is Active Voice Enough? Community Discussions On Passive Voice, Mmiwg2s, And Violence Against Urban Indigenous Women In San José, California, Soma De Bourbon, Ketzal Gomez, Beatriz San Juan

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Men commit violence against Native American women at higher rates than other racial or ethnic groups. When violence against Indigenous women is discussed and written about, it is often in passive voice. Several scholars note the problem of using passive voice to talk about violence against women, but there is little research on how women themselves understand passive voice as connected to the violence perpetrated against them, and we found no literature on how Native women understand passive voice. This research asks how urban Native and Indigenous women understand passive language in relationship to violence. The authors, who are all …

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Molecular Determinants Of Mechanosensation In The Muscle Spindle, Katherine A. Wilkinson Jun 2022

Molecular Determinants Of Mechanosensation In The Muscle Spindle, Katherine A. Wilkinson

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The muscle spindle (MS) provides essential sensory information for motor control and proprioception. The Group Ia and II MS afferents are low threshold slowly-adapting mechanoreceptors and report both static muscle length and dynamic muscle movement information. The exact molecular mechanism by which MS afferents transduce muscle movement into action potentials is incompletely understood. This short review will discuss recent evidence suggesting that PIEZO2 is an essential mechanically sensitive ion channel in MS afferents and that vesicle-released glutamate contributes to maintaining afferent excitability during the static phase of stretch. Other mechanically gated ion channels, voltage-gated sodium channels, other ion channels, regulatory …

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Water Sharing Is A Distressing Form Of Reciprocity: Shame, Upset, Anger, And Conflict Over Water In Twenty Cross-Cultural Sites, Amber Wutich, Asher Rosinger, Alexandra Brewis, Melissa Beresford, Sera Young Jun 2022

Water Sharing Is A Distressing Form Of Reciprocity: Shame, Upset, Anger, And Conflict Over Water In Twenty Cross-Cultural Sites, Amber Wutich, Asher Rosinger, Alexandra Brewis, Melissa Beresford, Sera Young

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Anthropological theories of reciprocity suggest it enhances prestige, social solidarity, and material security. Yet, some ethnographic cases suggest that water sharing—a form of reciprocity newly gaining scholarly attention—might work in the opposite way, increasing conflict and emotional distress. Using cross-cultural survey data from twenty global sites (n = 4,267), we test how household water reciprocity (giving and receiving) is associated with negative emotional and social outcomes. Participation in water sharing as both givers and receivers is consistently associated with greater odds of reporting shame, upset, and conflict over water. Water sharing experiences in a large, diverse sample confirm a lack …

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Carbohydrate Knowledge Observed To Be Low In Vietnamese Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Lily Phan, Jamie Kubota, Giselle Adriana Pereira Pignotti Jun 2022

Carbohydrate Knowledge Observed To Be Low In Vietnamese Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Lily Phan, Jamie Kubota, Giselle Adriana Pereira Pignotti

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Objective: To assess carbohydrate knowledge of Vietnamese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and explore factors associated with carbohydrate knowledge. Methods: Vietnamese women (n = 100) with GDM completed an online questionnaire about self-efficacy in managing blood glucose, the habit of regularly self-monitoring blood glucose activities at home, and an adapted culturally tailored carbohydrate quiz for the target population. Results: Participants (30 ± 4 years) answered on average 51% of the carbohydrate knowledge questions correctly, showing most difficulty in identifying honey, milk, and orange juice as carbohydrate sources. Only 46% of participants correctly identified carbohydrate content on nutrition labels, and …

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Improving Students’ Achievement In Physics Using Library Electronic Journals, Christian Ugwuanyi Jun 2022

Improving Students’ Achievement In Physics Using Library Electronic Journals, Christian Ugwuanyi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Electronic journals in libraries are essential for updating facilities and expanding services so that users can acquire the information they require. The modern epoch is marked by an information and knowledge revolution. Electronic materials are now available to libraries in a variety of formats. As a result of technology advancements and higher expectations in teaching and learning, 21st-century classrooms demand a lot from both teachers and students. Most parents nowadays purchase (smartphones, tablets, or laptops) for their children without realizing the educational benefits of these devices in allowing access to online learning materials. Electronic journals from libraries have proven to …

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Assessing Level Of Availability And Hindrances To Adequacy Of Ict Facilities For The Provision Of E-Resources Services In University Libraries In Southwest Nigeria, Oluwatosin Okunoye, Oluwatosin Okunoye Jun 2022

Assessing Level Of Availability And Hindrances To Adequacy Of Ict Facilities For The Provision Of E-Resources Services In University Libraries In Southwest Nigeria, Oluwatosin Okunoye, Oluwatosin Okunoye

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study assessed the level of availability of ICT facilities and hindrances to the adequacy of ICT facilities for the provision of e-resources services in university libraries in Southwest Nigeria. Information and Communications Technology facilities are indispensable tools in the new information and digital environment and e-resources services provision are hampered in academic libraries without them. A descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire administered to 12 seasoned librarians drawn from 12 public university libraries, 11 usable responses to the questionnaire were received. Findings revealed the availability of most …

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Evaluating Preschool Librarians’ Utilisation Of Information And Communication Technology For Virtual Library Services, Christian S. Ugwuanyi Ph.D, Chinedu I.O. Okeke Prof Jun 2022

Evaluating Preschool Librarians’ Utilisation Of Information And Communication Technology For Virtual Library Services, Christian S. Ugwuanyi Ph.D, Chinedu I.O. Okeke Prof

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Information and communication technology (ICT) has become vital in twenty-first-century classrooms. In a similar vein, the pandemic of coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) has prompted most countries to emphasize the use of ICT resources to build an online teaching platform. This development has prompted questions about Nigeria's educational system, as it is unknown how well-prepared instructors are to use ICT in the classroom. In this regard, there is a scarcity of research on how preschool librarians in Nigeria use ICT in their instruction. Thus, this research explored preschool librarians’ utilisation of information and communication technology for virtual library services. A descriptive survey …

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Assessing Information-Seeking Behaviour Of Visually Impaired Students Using Wilson’S Model Of Information Behaviour In Federal College Of Education (Special), Oyo, Taiwo Mujidat Arowosaye, Olubunmi D. Bakare Dr. Jun 2022

Assessing Information-Seeking Behaviour Of Visually Impaired Students Using Wilson’S Model Of Information Behaviour In Federal College Of Education (Special), Oyo, Taiwo Mujidat Arowosaye, Olubunmi D. Bakare Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study investigated the information-seekingbehaviourof visually impaired students using Wilson’s model of information behaviour in Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, with a focus on assessing information needs, adequacy, and satisfaction of the visually impaired students. The study established that the information needs of visually impaired students include educational opportunities, information on personal development, the procedure for performing skills, and information on housekeeping and households. It was also established that preference for Braille has been on the decline in favour of talking book/audio recordings among the young in many countries. Visually impaired users' preference includes e-newspaper and magazine, e-book, interpersonal …

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Cloud Computing Application For Accessing E-Resources By University Librarians: Case Study Of University Librarians In Niger Delta Region., Vincent Osamuyimen Ekhaguosa, Gladys Otasowie Otote, Mary Irughe, Efosa Egharevba, Blessings Amina Akporhonor, Jun 2022

Cloud Computing Application For Accessing E-Resources By University Librarians: Case Study Of University Librarians In Niger Delta Region., Vincent Osamuyimen Ekhaguosa, Gladys Otasowie Otote, Mary Irughe, Efosa Egharevba, Blessings Amina Akporhonor,

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Cloud Computing Application for accessing E-resources by University Librarians: Case Study of University Librarians in Niger Delta Region. Abstract This study investigated cloud computing applications for accessing e-resources by Librarians in university libraries in Niger Delta Region, Nigeria. In this study, the descriptive research design was adopted, and 43 items self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. In the selection of the university libraries, the researcher used the stratified random sampling technique to select the university libraries. One hundred and fifty (150) librarians from the nine (9) the Niger Delta States were selected from three (3) centrally located states which …

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Impact Of Publicity On The Development Of Library Services In Ifelodun Local Government Area Of Kwara State Nigeria, Mulikat Aliyu Jun 2022

Impact Of Publicity On The Development Of Library Services In Ifelodun Local Government Area Of Kwara State Nigeria, Mulikat Aliyu

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The role of publicity in all facets of disciplines can not be overemphasized especially in promoting library services in the area of information gathering and dissemination regardless of the forms of the information – traditional or modern ways in this era of information and communication technology (ICT). This study examined the impact of publicity on the development of library services in Ifelodun Local government, Kwara state, Nigeria. The social descriptive survey research method was adopted; this is due to the fact that the population is large covering eighteen (18) wards and eight (8) districts. This type of research method is …

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Information Literacy And Ict Skills Of Library Staff In Some Selected Federal Polytechnics In Nigeria, Lateef Alhaji Bello Jun 2022

Information Literacy And Ict Skills Of Library Staff In Some Selected Federal Polytechnics In Nigeria, Lateef Alhaji Bello

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study assessed the information literacy and ICT skills of library staff in Federal Polytechnics in southwest Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design and a total population of 154 which cut across six states in the Southwest geopolitical zone with five federal polytechnic. The study adopted stratified sampling techniques from which a sample size of 136 library staff was sampled. The major instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. A total of 154 copies of questionnaires were sent out, from which 136 copies were found to be valid and found fit for analysis. The data were analyzed using …

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Assessing Public Health Benefits Of Replacing Freight Trucks With Cargo Cycles In Last Leg Delivery Trips In Urban Centers, Jennifer C. Hartle, Ossama (Sam) A. Elrahman, Cara Wang, Daniel A. Rodriguez, Yue Ding, Matt Mcgahan Jun 2022

Assessing Public Health Benefits Of Replacing Freight Trucks With Cargo Cycles In Last Leg Delivery Trips In Urban Centers, Jennifer C. Hartle, Ossama (Sam) A. Elrahman, Cara Wang, Daniel A. Rodriguez, Yue Ding, Matt Mcgahan

Mineta Transportation Institute

Increased urbanization, population growth, and demand for time-sensitive deliveries means increased freight movement in cities, which contributes to emissions, noise, and safety concerns. One innovative mode gaining widespread attention for urban deliveries is cargo cycles—bicycles adapted for freight delivery. Despite the recognized potential and possible success of transporting at least 25% of freight via cycle, research remains limited. This research investigates the potential of cargo cycle delivery for last mile freight in Oakland, California, with a focus on the West Oakland neighborhood. The data collection included interviews, focus groups, vehicle field observation and counts, and traffic simulation modeling. The traffic …

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Evaluation Of Sustainability Determinants To Develop A Sustainability Rating System For California Infrastructure Construction Projects, Joseph Kim, Patricia Mccarthy Jun 2022

Evaluation Of Sustainability Determinants To Develop A Sustainability Rating System For California Infrastructure Construction Projects, Joseph Kim, Patricia Mccarthy

Mineta Transportation Institute

This study evaluates the important sustainability determinants that affect factors’ success in meeting their sustainability goals when conducting infrastructure construction projects in California. The study implemented the online survey method to evaluate the sustainability characteristics that infrastructure industry professionals currently are aware of under the current situation in California. A data set of 25 validated survey responses is used for statistical data analysis using analysis of variables, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and two sample t-tests. The analysis results showed that the median response values for the six major sustainability categories do not show any significant difference. The results also showed that no …

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Influence Of Level 1 And Level 2 Automated Vehicles On Fatal Crashes And Fatal Crash Occurrence, Hardik Gajera, Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, Sonu Mathew Jun 2022

Influence Of Level 1 And Level 2 Automated Vehicles On Fatal Crashes And Fatal Crash Occurrence, Hardik Gajera, Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, Sonu Mathew

Mineta Transportation Institute

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are expected to improve safety by gradually reducing human decisions while driving. However, there are still questions on their effectiveness as we transition from almost 0% CAVs to 100% CAVs with different levels of vehicle autonomy. This research focuses on synthesizing literature and identifying risk factors influencing fatal crashes involving level 1 and level 2 CAVs in the United States. Fatal crashes involving level 0 vehicles—ones that are not connected and automated—were compared to minimize unobserved heterogeneity and randomness associated with the influencing risk factors. The research team used the fatal crash data for the …

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Effect Of Raster Angle On Mechanical Properties Of 3d Printed Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, Skhandesh Srinivasan Ganesh Iyer, Ozgur Keles Jun 2022

Effect Of Raster Angle On Mechanical Properties Of 3d Printed Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, Skhandesh Srinivasan Ganesh Iyer, Ozgur Keles

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The most common additive manufacturing technique fused filament fabrication (FFF) suffers from inter-bead porosity that reduces mechanical properties. Inter-bead pores follow the raster angle, which causes anisotropic mechanical properties. Yet, the effects of raster angle on the mechanical behavior of short-carbon-fiber-reinforced (SCFR) thermoplastics are unclear. In this study, we performed tensile, flexural, and fracture toughness tests on SCFR acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Raster angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° were investigated. Tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased by 22–35% for a change from 0° to 15°. Flexural strength and modulus were less sensitive to raster angle. …

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Associations Among Romantic And Sexual Partner History And Muscle Dysmorphia Symptoms, Disordered Eating, And Appearance- And Performance-Enhancing Drugs And Supplement Use Among Cisgender Gay Men, Jason M. Nagata, Anthony M. Debenedetto, Tiffany A. Brown, Jason M. Lavender, Stuart B. Murray, Matthew R. Capriotti, Annesa Flentje, Micah E. Lubensky, Chloe J. Cattle, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Mitchell R. Lunn Jun 2022

Associations Among Romantic And Sexual Partner History And Muscle Dysmorphia Symptoms, Disordered Eating, And Appearance- And Performance-Enhancing Drugs And Supplement Use Among Cisgender Gay Men, Jason M. Nagata, Anthony M. Debenedetto, Tiffany A. Brown, Jason M. Lavender, Stuart B. Murray, Matthew R. Capriotti, Annesa Flentje, Micah E. Lubensky, Chloe J. Cattle, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Mitchell R. Lunn

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This study examined relationship status (e.g., single versus not single) and number of sexual partners in relation to muscularity- and disordered eating-related attitudes and behaviors among 1090 cisgender gay men enrolled in The PRIDE Study in 2018. Participants completed measures assessing muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptoms, disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, and appearance- and performance-enhancing drug or supplement (APEDS) use. In linear regression models adjusting for theoretically relevant covariates, neither relationship status nor number of past-month sexual partners was associated with disordered eating attitudes. In terms of MD symptoms, single (versus not single) relationship status was associated with greater appearance intolerance, …

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Does Judicial Foreclosure Procedure Help Delinquent Subprime Mortgage Borrowers?, Aidong Adam Ding, Shaonan Tian, Yan Yu, Xinlei Zhao Jun 2022

Does Judicial Foreclosure Procedure Help Delinquent Subprime Mortgage Borrowers?, Aidong Adam Ding, Shaonan Tian, Yan Yu, Xinlei Zhao

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We conduct comprehensive analyses on whether and how the judicial foreclosure procedure helps subprime mortgage borrowers to reinstate their delinquent loans outside foreclosure liquidation. Even though the transition rates of various exit types are all higher in non-judicial states, we argue such higher rates can be mechanically driven by the faster shrinking pool of delinquent mortgages in non-judicial states over time. Based on the cumulative proportions of various exit types during a period of up to 5 years post the mortgage first become 90 days past due, we find that judicial states offer more opportunities for delinquent borrowers to reinstate …

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Evaluation Of Polymer Binder Technisoil G5® In Concrete Mixture, Shadi Saadeh, Pritam Katawal Jun 2022

Evaluation Of Polymer Binder Technisoil G5® In Concrete Mixture, Shadi Saadeh, Pritam Katawal

Mineta Transportation Institute

Plastic is everywhere, and with its increasing use in so many everyday materials, the production and demand of plastic has skyrocketed. Unfortunately, this has resulted in the accumulation of a mammoth amount of plastic waste and adverse effects on the environment. To optimize the huge amount of materials required by the pavement industry each year and reuse recycled plastics, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been common practice. This research studied the use of a binder completely made from recycled waste plastic named Technisoil G5® and compared it with performance grade PG 70-22 mix containing virgin aggregates and …

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Transportation Utility Fee To Fund Transit In California, Shishir Mathur, Ralph Robinson Jun 2022

Transportation Utility Fee To Fund Transit In California, Shishir Mathur, Ralph Robinson

Mineta Transportation Institute

Public transit is a key tool to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to combat climate change; improve safety for pedestrians, cyclists, and drivers; and expand accessibility and mobility for all. However, we can only realize this potential by making sufficient investments to provide transit service levels that attract and retain greater ridership. To help with this needed investment, a handful of local governments have turned to transportation utility fees (TUFs), primarily collected as a monthly charge on customers' utility bills or property tax bills. While more widely used to support street maintenance, this study identifies six case studies where TUF …

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Modeling And Predicting Geospatial Teen Crash Frequency, Sonu Mathew, Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, Sarvani Duvvuri Jun 2022

Modeling And Predicting Geospatial Teen Crash Frequency, Sonu Mathew, Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, Sarvani Duvvuri

Mineta Transportation Institute

This research project 1) evaluates the effect of road network, demographic, and land use characteristics on road crashes involving teen drivers, and, 2) develops and compares the predictability of local and global regression models in estimating teen crash frequency. The team considered data for 201 spatially distributed road segments in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, USA for the evaluation and obtained data related to teen crashes from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) database. The team extracted demographic and land use characteristics using two different buffer widths (0.25 miles and 0.5 miles) at each selected road segment, with the number of …

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Risk Factors Associated With Crash Injury Severity Involving Trucks, Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, Sarvani Duvvuri, Sonu Mathew Jun 2022

Risk Factors Associated With Crash Injury Severity Involving Trucks, Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, Sarvani Duvvuri, Sonu Mathew

Mineta Transportation Institute

Nearly 499,000 motor vehicle crashes involving trucks were reported across the United States in 2018, out of which 22% resulted in fatalities and injuries. Given the growing economy and demand for trucking in the future, it is crucial to identify the risk factors to understand where, when, and why the likelihood of getting involved in a severe or moderate injury crash with a truck is higher. This research, therefore, focuses on capturing and exploring risk factors associated with surrounding land use and demographic characteristics in addition to crash, driver, and on-network characteristics by modeling injury severity of crashes involving trucks. …

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Covid-19 Public Transportation Air Circulation And Virus Mitigation Study, Aly Tawfik, Deify Law, Juris Grasis, Joseph Oldham, Moe Salem Jun 2022

Covid-19 Public Transportation Air Circulation And Virus Mitigation Study, Aly Tawfik, Deify Law, Juris Grasis, Joseph Oldham, Moe Salem

Mineta Transportation Institute

COVID-19 may have forever changed our world. Given the limited space and air circulation, potential infections on public transportation could be concerningly high. Accordingly, this study has two objectives: (1) to understand air circulation patterns inside the cabins of buses; and (2) to test the impact of different technologies in mitigating viruses from the air and on surfaces inside bus cabins. For the first objective, different devices, metrics and experiments (including colored smoke; videotaping; anemometers; pressure differentials; particle counts; and 3D numerical simulation models) were utilized and implemented to understand and quantify air circulation inside different buses, with different characteristics, …

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Impact Of Dedicated Bus Lanes On Intersection Operations And Travel Time Model Development, Stephen Arhin, Babin Manandhar, Kevin Obike, Melissa Anderson Jun 2022

Impact Of Dedicated Bus Lanes On Intersection Operations And Travel Time Model Development, Stephen Arhin, Babin Manandhar, Kevin Obike, Melissa Anderson

Mineta Transportation Institute

Over the years, public transit agencies have been trying to improve their operations by continuously evaluating best practices to better serve patrons. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) oversees the transit bus operations in the Washington Metropolitan Area (District of Columbia, some parts of Maryland and Virginia). One practice attempted by WMATA to improve bus travel time and transit reliability has been the implementation of designated bus lanes (DBLs). The District Department of Transportation (DDOT) implemented a bus priority program on selected corridors in the District of Columbia leading to the installation of red-painted DBLs on corridors of H Street, …

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Minority Stress, Structural Stigma, And Physical Health Among Sexual And Gender Minority Individuals: Examining The Relative Strength Of The Relationships, Annesa Flentje, Kristen D. Clark, Ethan Cicero, Matthew R. Capriotti, Micah E. Lubensky, John Sauceda, Torsten B. Neilands, Mitchell R. Lunn, Juno Obedin-Maliver Jun 2022

Minority Stress, Structural Stigma, And Physical Health Among Sexual And Gender Minority Individuals: Examining The Relative Strength Of The Relationships, Annesa Flentje, Kristen D. Clark, Ethan Cicero, Matthew R. Capriotti, Micah E. Lubensky, John Sauceda, Torsten B. Neilands, Mitchell R. Lunn, Juno Obedin-Maliver

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background: Sexual and gender minority (SGM; i.e., non-heterosexual and transgender or gender-expansive, respectively) people experience physical health disparities attributed to greater exposure to minority stress (experiences of discrimination or victimization, anticipation of discrimination or victimization, concealment of SGM status, and internalization of stigma) and structural stigma. Purpose: To examine which components of minority stress and structural stigma have the strongest relationships with physical health among SGM people. Methods: Participants (5,299 SGM people, 1,902 gender minority individuals) were from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study. Dominance analyses estimated effect sizes showing how important each component of …

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Learning To Argue Through Dialogue: A Review Of Instructional Approaches, Chrysi Rapanta, Mark K. Felton Jun 2022

Learning To Argue Through Dialogue: A Review Of Instructional Approaches, Chrysi Rapanta, Mark K. Felton

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Over the past 20 years, a broad and diverse research literature has emerged to address how students learn to argue through dialogue in educational contexts. However, the variety of approaches used to study this phenomenon makes it challenging to find coherence in what may otherwise seem to be disparate fields of study. In this integrative review, we propose looking at how learning to argue (LTA) has been operationalized thus far in educational research, focusing on how different scholars have framed and fostered argumentative dialogue, assessed its gains, and applied it in different learning contexts. In total, 143 studies from the …

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Early Starts And Late Finishes Both Reduce Alertness And Performance Among Short-Haul Airline Pilots, Lucia Arsintescu, Sean Pradhan, Ravi G. Chachad, Kevin B. Gregory, Jeffrey B. Mulligan, Erin E. Flynn-Evans Jun 2022

Early Starts And Late Finishes Both Reduce Alertness And Performance Among Short-Haul Airline Pilots, Lucia Arsintescu, Sean Pradhan, Ravi G. Chachad, Kevin B. Gregory, Jeffrey B. Mulligan, Erin E. Flynn-Evans

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Flight crews are frequently required to work irregular schedules and, as a result, can experience sleep deficiency and fatigue. This study was conducted to determine whether perceived fatigue levels and objective performance varied by time of day, time awake, and prior night's sleep duration. Ninety-five pilots (86 male, 9 female) aged 33 years (±8) volunteered for the study. Participants completed a daily sleep diary, Samn-Perelli fatigue scale, and psychomotor vigilance task that were completed before and after each flight duty period and at the top-of-descent for each flight. Pilots experienced higher self-reported fatigue (EMM = 3.92, SE = 0.09, p < 0.001) and worse performance (Response speed: EMM = 4.27, SE = 0.08, p = 0.004) for late-finishing duties compared with early-starting duties (Samn-Perelli: EMM = 3.74, SE = 0.08; Response speed: EMM = 4.37, SE = 0.08), but had shorter sleep before early-starting duties (early: EMM = 6.94, SE = 0.10; late: EMM = 8.47, SE = 0.14, p < 0.001). However, pre-duty Samn-Perelli and response speed were worse (z = 4.18, p < 0.001; z = 3.05, p = 0.03; respectively) for early starts compared with late finishes (EMM = 2.74, SE = 0.19), while post-duty Samn-Perelli was worse for late finishes (EMM = 4.74, SE = 0.19) compared with early starts (EMM = 4.05, SE = 0.12). The results confirm that duty time has a strong influence on self-reported fatigue and performance. Thus, all flights that encroach on a biological night are targets for fatigue risk management oversight.

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