Digital Commons Network^™

Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Modeling Of Two Phase Refrigerant Flow In Evaporator Refrigerant Distribution System, Saugata Sarkar

International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference

The biggest challenge in the evaporator distribution system is to maintain a uniform distribution of vapor and liquid phases in the evaporator. Uneven distribution will create poor refrigeration effect. In order to study flow distribution in the evaporator distributors, a two-phase CFD model has been developed for three different idealized distributors with various orientations of flow paths and geometrical parameters. The CFD model predicted flow maps, vapor qualities and, mass flow rates in the distributors as a function of various geometrical and inlet flow parameters. Refrigerant R134a is used as a working fluid with inlet saturation temperature 7°C with various …

Experimental Study Of A Novel Shape-Optimized Air-To-Refrigerant Heat Exchanger Under Evaporator Conditions, Ellery Klein, Jan Muehlbauer, Jiazhen Ling, Yoram Shabtay, Vikrant Aute, Yunho Hwang

International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference

Air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration systems account for a significant fraction of the primary energy consumption in many parts of the world and have a direct impact on our quality of life. Air-to-refrigerant heat exchangers are a key component in these systems. Their airside thermal resistance is dominant and accounts for more than 80% of the overall resistance. Reducing the airside thermal resistance to improve the thermal-hydraulic performance of these heat exchangers, and consequently overall system level COP, has been a topic of research focus for several decades. Generally, secondary surfaces, i.e., fins, are used to enhance the airside performance by …

Refuge Must Be Given: Eleanor Roosevelt, The Jewish Plight, And The Founding Of Israel, John F. Sears

Purdue University Press Book Previews

Refuge Must Be Given details the evolution of Eleanor Roosevelt from someone who harbored negative impressions of Jews to become a leading Gentile champion of Israel in the United States. The book explores, for the first time, Roosevelt’s partnership with the Quaker leader Clarence Pickett in seeking to admit more refugees into the United States, and her relationship with Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles, who was sympathetic to the victims of Nazi persecution yet defended a visa process that failed both Jewish and non-Jewish refugees.

After the war, as a member of the American delegation to the United Nations, Eleanor …

The Canine-Campus Connection: Roles For Dogs In The Lives Of College Students, Mary Renck Jalongo

Purdue University Press Book Previews

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of The Localized Aviation Mos Program (Lamp) And Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (Taf) Accuracy For General Aviation, Douglas D. Boyd, Thomas A. Guinn

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Background. For general aviation (GA) pilots, operations in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) carry an elevated risk of a fatal accident. As to whether a general aviation flight can be safely undertaken, aerodrome-specific forecasts (TAF, LAMP) provide guidance. Although LAMP forecasts are more common for GA-frequented aerodromes, nevertheless, the FAA recommends that for such aerodromes (and for which a TAF is not issued) the airman uses the TAF generated for the geographically closest airport for pre-flight weather evaluation. Herein, for non-TAF-issuing airports, the LAMP (sLAMP) predictive accuracy for visual (VFR) and instrument (IFR) flight rules flight category was determined.

Method. sLAMP …

A Review On Virtual Reality Skill Training Applications, Biao Xie, Huimin Liu, Rawan Alghofaili, Yongqi Zhang, Yeling Jiang, Flavio Destri Lobo, Changyang Li, Wanwan Li, Haikun Huang, Mesut Akdere, Christos Mousas, Lap-Fai Yu

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

This study aimed to discuss the research efforts in developing virtual reality (VR) technology for different training applications. To begin with, we describe how VR training experiences are typically created and delivered using the current software and hardware. We then discuss the challenges and solutions of applying VR training to different application domains, such as first responder training, medical training, military training, workforce training, and education. Furthermore, we discuss the common assessment tests and evaluation methods used to validate VR training effectiveness. We conclude the article by discussing possible future directions to leverage VR technology advances for developing novel training …

Characterizing Students’ Engineering Design Strategies Using Energy3d, Jasmine Singh, Viranga Perera, Alejandra Magana, Brittany Newell

Discovery Undergraduate Interdisciplinary Research Internship

The goals of this study are to characterize design actions that students performed when solving a design challenge, and to create a machine learning model to help future students make better engineering design choices. We analyze data from an introductory engineering course where students used Energy3D, an open source computer-aided design software, to design a zero-energy home (i.e. a home that consumes no net energy over a period of a year). Student design actions within the software were recorded into text files. Using a sample of over 300 students, we first identify patterns in the data to assess how students …

Bearing Witness To The Beauty Of Enactive Kinesthetic Empathy Across Species In Canine-Human And Equine-Human Interactions: Participant-Observation Ethnographies, Donna A. Carlyle, Pamela Graham

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

Through observations from ethnographic fieldwork the authors seek to highlight the significance of equine-human and canine-human communication to the fields of both human- animal studies and eudaimonia theories of human well-being. As we shared our insights through academic conversations about our respective research findings, we realized that both studies explore the enigmatic and significant concept of kinesthetic empathy in communication and relationship building between horses and young people and between dogs and young children. The canine-child setting (Study A) is a primary school and classroom in which the children voted to share their environment with a school dog, and the …

Falls In Young Adults: The Effect Of Sex, Physical Activity, And Prescription Medications, Hyeyoung Cho, Michel J.H. Heijnen, Bruce A. Craig, Shriley Rietdyk

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Falls are a major public health issue not only for older adults but also young adults, with fall-related injuries occurring more frequently in adult females than males. However, the sex differences in the frequency and circumstances of falls in young adults are understudied. This research quantified the frequency and circumstances of falls as a function of sex, physical activity, and prescription medications in young adults. For 16 weeks, young adult participants (N = 325; 89 males; 19.9±1.1 years) responded to a daily email asking if they had slipped, tripped, or fallen in the past 24 hours. Falls and fall-related injuries …

Sars Pandemic Exposure Impaired Early Childhood Development In China, Yunfei Fan, Huiyu Wang, Quong Wu, Xiang Zhou, Yubo Zhou, Bin Wang, Yiqun Han, Tao Xue, Tong Zhu

Department of Educational Studies Faculty Publications

Social and mental stressors associated with the pandemic of a novel infectious disease, e.g., COVID-19 or SARS may promote long-term effects on child development. However, reports aimed at identifying the relationship between pandemics and child health are limited. A retrospective study was conducted to associate the SARS pandemic in 2003 with development milestones or physical examinations among longitudinal measurements of 14,647 children. Experiencing SARS during childhood was associated with delayed milestones, with hazard ratios of 3.17 (95% confidence intervals CI: 2.71, 3.70), 3.98 (3.50, 4.53), 4.96 (4.48, 5.49), or 5.57 (5.00, 6.20) for walking independently, saying a complete sentence, counting …

A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Dynamic Computational Offloading Method For Cloud Robotics, Manoj Penmetcha, Byung-Cheol Min

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Robots come with a variety of computing capabilities, and running computationally-intense applications on robots is sometimes challenging on account of limited onboard computing, storage, and power capabilities. Meanwhile, cloud computing provides on-demand computing capabilities, and thus combining robots with cloud computing can overcome the resource constraints robots face. The key to effectively offloading tasks is an application solution that does not underutilize the robot's own computational capabilities and makes decisions based on crucial cost parameters such as latency and CPU availability. In this paper, we formulate the application offloading problem as a Markovian decision process and propose a deep reinforcement …

Impaired Audiovisual Representation Of Phonemes In Children With Developmental Language Disorder, Natalya Kaganovich, Jennifer Schumaker, Sharon L. Christ

Purdue Center for Early Learning Faculty and Staff Publications

We examined whether children with developmental language disorder (DLD) differed from their peers with typical development (TD) in the degree to which they encode information about a talker’s mouth shape into long-term phonemic representations. Children watched a talker’s face and listened to rare changes from [i] to [u] or the reverse. In the neutral condition, the talker’s face had a closed mouth throughout. In the audiovisual violation condition, the mouth shape always matched the frequent vowel, even when the rare vowel was played. We hypothesized that in the neutral condition no long-term audiovisual memory traces for speech sounds would be …

Does Light Quality Influence Arabidopsis Thaliana Growth In Controlled Environments?, Nathan A. Deppe, Daniel A. Little, Kathleen K. Zapf

Purdue Methods for Arabidopsis Growth

This study examines the use of diverse lamp types, with inherently different spectral attributes, to determine light quality influence on Arabidopsis thaliana growth in controlled environments.

Sensory And Nutritional Characteristics Of Concept Frozen Desserts Made From Underutilized Sweetpotato Roots, Shinyoung Kim, Stephen L. Meyers, Juan L. Silva, M. Wesley Schilling, Lurdes Siberio Wood

Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture Faculty Publications

A traditional dairy-based frozen dessert (ice cream) was developed with three levels of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) puree [20%, 30%, and 40% (by weight)] to determine the impact of sweetpotato content on product functionality, nutritional content, and sensory characteristics. Increased sweetpotato puree resulted in increased orange color, flavor intensity, and sweetpotato flavor, but 40% puree proved difficult to incorporate into the mixture. Additionally, nondairy frozen desserts containing 30% sweetpotato puree were compared with a milk-based control in which all ingredients were the same except that milk was replaced with soy (Glycine max) and almond (Prunus dulcis …

Arteletra: The Sixties In Latin America And The Politics Of Going Unnoticed, Jason A. Bartles

Purdue Studies in Romance Literatures

ArteletrA analyzes the Sixties in Latin America in order to revisit the core claim of literary and cultural studies to political relevancy in the contemporary world: the task of making visible the invisible. Though visibility can secure rights for the disenfranchised, it also risks subjecting them to the biopolitical and capitalist arrangements of space. What is at stake in this book is a series of aesthetic and ethical tools for engaging in politics—defined here as the potential to disagree—without first passing through visibility. These tools cohere around a practice Bartles calls “the politics of going unnoticed,” which he derives from …

Development Of Continuous Flow Sonogashira Coupling Of Lead Anti-Cancer Small Molecule Inhibitors For Potential Treatment Of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Yuta W. Moriuchi, Shruti A. Biyani, David H. Thompson

Discovery Undergraduate Interdisciplinary Research Internship

As the technology for science develops, the research strategy in medicines and therapeutics also improves. In this paper, I will cover the process of Sonogashira cross-coupling and Amide Coupling reaction for an anticancer agent in both batch and flow chemistry. Continuous Flow Chemistry has advantages such as being more efficient, safer, and faster. This paper studies the synthesis of HSNO608, an anticancer lead compound for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), which has a specific potent activity to FTL3 Kinase. Inhibition of FLT3 Kinase leads to inhibition of downstream pathways such as MPK and P13K pathways. In this two-step experiment, the Sonogashira …

Changing The Process In Educational Field And Air Navigation Through Advances In Hologram Technology, Camilo Fernandez Sr.

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

The objective of this piece is to propose reasons that change the way air traffic controllers and others learn and work in air navigation, but also how they can improve workloads, due to the implementation of holographic radar. This research also aims to describe how this could reduce the cognitive load of an operator, thanks to the improvement of visual perspective and capacity of analysis, in order to more easily control an aircraft.

Seeing that the visual facilitation is well known, radar is able to represent in three dimensions and in detail that which could not previously be perceived. This …

Design Of Rotorcraft Performance-Based Navigation Routes And Procedures: Current Challenges And Prospects, Carlos Gonzaga Lopez

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Helicopters play a relevant role in society due to their extraordinary versatility. However, they are particularly vulnerable to adverse weather conditions as the majority of operations are carried out under visual flight rules. This is partly due to the shortage of tailored helicopter instrument flight procedures and routes. The emergence of the performance-based navigation concept supported by the latest satellite navigation technologies has opened up new possibilities for rotorcraft operations in the last few years. This paper presents an extensive overview of the state of the art in the design of performance-based navigation routes for helicopters from two main standpoints: …

Stable Isotope Analysis Can Monitor The General Health Of Mussel Populations, Alexandra Hicks, Nancy Boedeker, Brant Fisher, Casey Maynard, Elizabeth A. Flaherty

FNR Annual Poster Competition

Declines and extinctions in freshwater mussel populations have resulted in 16 species extirpated and 10 species listed as federally threatened or endangered in Indiana. Research priorities for freshwater mussels often have limited efforts towards monitoring health. As part of a larger project to develop comprehensive health monitoring protocols for freshwater bivalves in Indiana, our objectives were to develop and test a health monitoring protocol using stable isotope analysis to evaluate changes in resource use and detect changes in water quality and stream nutrients. We collected body tissue samples from 2 native mussel species and the Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea …

Hardwood Clt Product Development And Fabrication, Jue Mo, Eva Haviarova

FNR Annual Poster Competition

Wood will play an essential role as a future sustainable building material. Interesting wooden structures and wooden cities are on a growing trajectory worldwide and are gaining popularity in the U.S. There are efforts to include hardwoods into CLT construction and find the best of all use for abandoned, lower quality material, which is available throughout the U.S. Research is underway to develop products made of hardwood CLTs. These complementary products would fit nicely into new CLT buildings, make them more appealing and uniform with other building materials. The motivation to use this type of wooden material in building construction …

The Self-Pollination Of Amur Honeysuckle, Benjamin Rivera, Michael Jenkins, Richard Meilan

FNR Annual Poster Competition

Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) poses a dire threat to the health of forests throughout the eastern United States. While self-pollination has been identified as an important trait of invasive plant species, this trait is understudied, and Amur honeysuckle is anecdotally described as lacking this characteristic. To examine the ability of Amur honeysuckle to self-pollinate, we selected 171 individual shrubs distributed across 9 sites. We compared the number of berries, seeds per berry, and seed germination rates of self- and cross-pollinated flowers by pairing branches covered with pollination bags prior to flower emergence with uncovered branches on the same …

Hyperspectral Analysis Of Tree Foliar Chemical And Physiological Responses To Abiotic And Biotic Stress, Sylvia Park, Lorenzo Cotrozzi, Geoffrey Williams, Matthew Ginzel, Michael Mickelbart, Douglass Jacobs, John Couture

FNR Annual Poster Competition

Monitoring forest health is crucial to understanding function and managing productivity of forest systems. However, traditional estimates of tree health are time consuming and challenging to collect because of the vertical and spatial scales of forest systems. This study evaluated the ability of a novel application of hyperspectral data to estimate foliar functional trait responses to multiple biotic and abiotic stressors and to classify different stress combinations. In a greenhouse environment, we exposed one-year-old black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings to multiple stress factors, alone and in combination. We collected reference measurements …

Effects Of Prescribed Fire On Mycorrhizal Fungi Abundance And Diversity, Sarah A. Cuprewich, Mike R. Saunders

FNR Annual Poster Competition

As the overstory dominance of oak (Quercus spp.) declines across the Midwest, prescribed fire is becoming an increasingly utilized forest management tool. The effects of such fire on soil quality have been studied for decades, however the recorded impact on fungal communities has been varied. The presence of ectomycorrhizal fungi is a necessary component of oak ecosystems, and aboveground recovery after a disturbance is linked directly to the persistence of EMF. Furthermore, forest composition, productivity, and biodiversity are influenced by mycorrhizal abundance and richness, so fungi should not be overlooked when investigating a forest ecosystem. The objective of this …

Wood Moisture Content Predicts The Fate Of Juglans Nigra Threatened By Thousand Cankers Disease, Geoffrey Williams, Matthew Ginzel

FNR Annual Poster Competition

Climate is a key consideration in the assessment of risks to high­ value resources such as Juglans nigra. Thousand cankers disease (TCD) caused by Geosmithia morbida and its vector Pityophthorus juglandis may be limited by competition with fungi adapted to different climate optima than G. morbida. In particular, humidity and moisture are critically important factors in competition of fungi in wood. We conducted competition experiments in J. nigra wood that was naturally or artificially colonized by G. morbida and other fungi over a range of equilibrium wood moisture content (EMC) expected across prevailing U.S. climatic conditions. G. morbida …

Oil Induced Cardiac Effects In Embryonic Sheepshead Minnows, Cyprinodon Variegatus, Elizabeth Allmon, Grace Walker, Robert Griffitt, Maria S. Sepulveda

FNR Annual Poster Competition

Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010, much research has been conducted on the cardiotoxic effects of oil on fish. Sensitive life history stages, such as the embryonic period, have been targeted to elucidate the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the developing cardiovascular systems of fish. However, much of this research has focused on rapidly developing pelagic species, with little emphasis on estuarine species with longer embryological periods. Moreover, previous studies have used heart rate as the primary endpoint to measure cardiac performance in embryos and larvae; an endpoint that on its own may overlook impairment …

You Want Me To Teach Engineering? Impacts Of Recurring Experiences On K-12 Teachers’ Engineering Design Self-Efficacy, Familiarity With Engineering, And Confidence To Teach With Design-Based Learning Pedagogy, Shaunna Smith, Kimberly Talley, Araceli Ortiz, Vedaraman Sriraman

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

This paper reports on findings from a group of ten teachers who were enrolled in a semester-long, graduate-level educational technology course that used design-based learning to explore the integration of making and the engineering design process into a variety of K-12 educational contexts. Using convergent mixed methods, this study examines how the course impacted teachers’ familiarity and confidence in teaching the engineering design process, as viewed through their pre- and post-semester engineering design self-efficacy scores and their weekly reflective journal entries. These measures are important factors for developing teacher experience and confidence in integrating engineering and design-based learning strategies within …

Possible Implications Of The European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism For Ukraine And Other Eu Trading Partners, Maksym Chepeliev

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

This paper provides a quantitative assessment of the European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) implementation. We find limited impacts of the CBAM for most European Union (EU) trading partners. Ukraine is the most impacted country, with a per capita income change of -0.4% and reductions in domestic iron and steel production reaching 3.9%. Global exports of chemical products are impacted the most, with corresponding reductions exceeding 4% in some countries.

Education’S Ecosystems: Learning Through Life, Peter Renn

Education and Culture

No abstract provided.

Teaching In The Now: John Dewey On The Educational Present, Stefan Dorosz

Education and Culture

No abstract provided.

Sympathy In John Dewey’S Theory Of Community: Presenting A Challenge To Anti-Democratic Community, Sam F. Stack Jr.

Education and Culture

No abstract provided.