Digital Commons Network^™

Traffic Speed Report No. 98 : Interim Report, Graham S. Toft, George K. Stafford

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Some Applications Of Remote Sensing Technology For International Funding Agencies, Pierre-Marie Adrien

LARS Symposia

Problems such as the complete inventory of the resources of the globe, the preservation of scarce resources and their rational utilization can only be solved today on an international level. There exists a worldwide concern for development which is preferably conceived in terms of global economic stability and steady rate of growth. There also exists a worldwide concern for technology transfer, a principal process by which the emerging nations try to improve their conditions.

International agencies such as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD or World Bank) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), directly involved in seeking solutions …

On The Transfer Of Remote Sensing Technology To An Operational Data System, Denton J. Tarbet, Timothy T. White

LARS Symposia

The dynamics of transferring remote sensing technology to operational activities of a user agency are explored. The particular evaluation criteria of the Foreign Agricultural Service serve as the motivation for a framework which organizes information to provide a quantitative basis for management decision relative to technique and procedure acceptance for transfer.

Estimation Of Sampling Requirements For Track-Type Remote Sensing Surveys, Paul E. Anuta, Clare D. Mcgillem

LARS Symposia

Many types of remote sensing measurements are made along lines or tracks over the earth's surface which are spaced at distances governed primarily by assumptions about the nature of the phenomena being measured and cost considerations. In geophysical surveys, aircraft-borne magnetic, gravity, gamma ray, electromagnetic and other sensors are flown at low altitude with approximately parallel line spacings ranging from 1/4-mile to several miles. These measurements are commonly sampled and digitized at an arbitrarily high rate along the flight path generating an adequately sampled record with respect to the Nyquist rate which is governed by the bandwidth of the physical …

Crop Identification And Area Estimation By Computer-Aided Analysis Of Landsat Data, Marvin E. Bauer, Marilyn M. Hixson, Barbara J. Davis, Jeanne B. Etheridge

LARS Symposia

This report describes the results of a study involving the use of computer-aided analysis techniques applied to Landsat W S data for identification and area estimation of winter wheat in Kansas and corn and soybeans in Indiana. Key elements of the approach included use of aerial photography for classifier training, stratification of Landsat data and extension of training statistics to areas without training data, and classification of a systematic sample of pixels from each county. Major results and conclusions are: (1) Landsat data was adequate for accurate identification and area estimation of winter wheat in Kansas, but corn and soybean …

Imaps, A Minicomputer Array Processing System For The Earth Sciences, G. W. Smith, O. K. Huh, L. J. Rouse

LARS Symposia

IMAPS (Interactive Minicomputer Array Processing System) is a system of minicomputer software for processing large, two-dimensional arrays of gridded data such as those employed in the earth sciences, particularly remote sensing of the environment. IMAPS was designed to have wide applicability based on the flexibility of the software and its modest hardware requirements.

Written in Fortran and operating in an interactive, single-user mode, the system provides a variety of array processing functions. These functions presently include routines for reading and calibrating LANDSAT and NOAA satellite data tapes, statistically summarizing array regions and transects, generating contrast-enhanced images via line printer or …

A Land Use Change Monitoring System Based On Landsat, Gary L. Angelici, Nevin A. Bryant

LARS Symposia

A procedure for economically determining statistics on acreages of change in the use of land between two dates has been developed to support a Department of Housing and Urban Development program on neighborhood change modeling. The application of image processing techniques to LANDSAT imagery in four stages (registration, differencing, classification, and tabulation) provides one of the basic data sets needed to model future land use in one of six "typical" urban areas.

After appropriate LANDSAT imagery for two desired dates is obtained, date-to-date registration of the study area is performed. Once the two images are adequately registered, the procedures of …

Analysis And Location Of A Forestland In Western Massachusetts For A Direct Input To The Resource Analysis Procedure, Giles T. Rafsnider, Robert Rogers, Anthony Morse

LARS Symposia

LANDSAT computer compatible tapes (CCTs) were processed on the Bendix Multispectral Data Analysis System (MDAS) to produce digital files of forest resources in the western Massachusetts counties of Berkshire, Hampshire, Hampden, and Franklin. Data within the files have a north-south grid orientation, and are resampled to a 45 second by 60 second angular grid using nearest neighbor technique. Each file is keyed to a 7½ minute quadrangle and is directly compatible with the Resource Analysis Procedure (RAP).

RAP is a system designed to identify resource production levels, allocate available resources, and geographically locate and simulate the impact of resource exploitation. …

Landuse Analysis Using Basic+ Interactive Image Processing For Teaching: A Comparison With Larsys, John R. Jensen, Earl J. Hajic, John E. Estes, Fred Ennerson

LARS Symposia

Landuse analyses continue to be the medium for communicating important spatial, spectral, and temporal remote sensing concepts. Unfortunately, hardware and software constraints often limit these activities to the examination of photographic formats of remotely sensed data. Such constraints cause manual interpretation techniques to be given inordinate attention compared to digital image processing. Even when the instructor is actively involved in image processing research, batch-mode processing may dominate. Again the student is confronted with hard-copy, this time in the form of computer printouts. A more effective remote sensing education is realized if students have the opportunity to experience interactive digital image …

On Determining Unharvested Winter Wheat Acreage From Landsat, J. C. Harlan, W. D. Rosenthal

LARS Symposia

Nine Landsat passes for one locality and one crop year were examined to determine methods of discriminating harvested from unharvested winter wheat. The nine passes included all growth stages of importance to the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE) including pre-planting and post-harvesting.

Two approaches were utilized in the study. One was based on the examination of the temporal-spectral characteristics of various quality wheat fields within the test site. The other was based on a Landsat wheat yield prediction technique.

Approach 1 requires the examination of the identified wheat fields on each pass with a harvestable/unharvestable decision made for each …

An Interactive System For Agricultural Acreage Estimates Using Landsat Data, Martin Ozga, Walter E. Donovan, Chapman P. Gleason

LARS Symposia

This paper describes interactive software systems for making agricultural crop acreage estimates using LANDSAT MSS data developed jointly by the Center for Advanced Computation of the University of Illinois and the Statistical Reporting Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. These acreage estimation procedures have been incorporated into, and use features previously developed in, EDITOR. EDITOR is an interactive file management and image processing system developed by the Center for Advanced Computation in collaboration with USGS/DI, NASA/AMES, and USDA/SRS. The crop acreage estimation software is implemented as part of the EDITOR system on TENEX, a modified DEC SYSTEM-10. The …

Airborne Ir Line Scanner Data System At The Canada Centre For Remote Sensing, H. R. Edel

LARS Symposia

The Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) has two DAEDALUS analog line scanners in the CCRS aircraft. The spacial resolution is 2.5 milliradians for the 8 to 14 u meter sensor and 1.7 milliradians for the 3 to 5 u meter sensor. Each has black body references for quantitative data processing.

The scanner analog video and sync data are recorded on wide band FM Group I1 amplifiers on a MINCOM tape. The record speed is 30 IPS for 2.5 milliradian resolution and 60 IPS for 1.7 milliradian resolution due to upper cut off frequency of the FM Group I1 amplifiers. …

Effects Of Atmosphere, Temperature And Emittance On Remotely Sensed Data, Ravindra Kumar

LARS Symposia

The purpose of this work was to study the effects of temperature and emittance on the relative magnitudes of remotely sensed reflected and emitted energy from a natural target, taking into account atmospheric effects.

LOWTRAN 3 program was used to calculate the transmittance of the atmosphere. The LOWTRAN 3 program is strictly empirical and calculates the transmittance (averaged over a 0.014 µm interval) for a given atmospheric path from 0.25 to 28.5 µm for six model atmospheres and two aerosol models. In addition, radiosonde data, if available, can also be used instead of the model atmospheres.

To create illustrations of …

A Table Look-Up Procedure For Rapidly Mapping Vegetation Cover And Crop Development, Arthur J. Richardson, C. L. Wiegand

LARS Symposia

LANDSAT-1 and -2 multispectral scanner (MSS) data from six overpass dates (April 2, May 17, June 4, July 10, October 17, and December 10, 1975) showed that MSS digital data for bare soil, cloud tops, and cloud shadows followed a highly predictable linear relation (soil background line) for MSS bands 5 and 7 (r2 = 0.974). Increasing vegetation development, documented by leaf area index measurements, for 1973 grain sorghum fields, was associated with displacement of sorghum MSS digital counts away from the soil background line. The LANDSAT data space surrounding the soil background line for MSS5 and MSS7 was divided …

Isursl Levels Classification: A Low Cost Approach To Multispectral Data Analysis, Richard F. Hyde, Samuel N. Goward, Paul W. Mausel

LARS Symposia

The Indiana State University Remote Sensing Laboratory (ISURSL) recognized that the promise of low-cost earth resource evaluation through machine-assisted processing of multispectral (MS) data has not been fully realized. In response to this problem the ISURSL has developed a complete low-cost system of processing MS data which minimizes analysis time for both man and computer while simultaneously maximizing utilization of the data. The basis of the ISURSL classification algorithm, designated LEVELS CLASSIFIER, is identification of numeric boundaries located in multidimensional feature space which differentiate features of interest. Land use classes of interest to an analyst are described by the range …

Assembly And Analysis Of Sar/Landsat Data Sets, Harold Maurer, Paul Clemens

LARS Symposia

The objectives of this study include the evaluation and, where necessary, the development of techniques to prepare synthetic aperature radar (SAR)/LANDSAT data sets for computer processing, and to provide the earth resources community with access to this technology; the assembly of well-calibrated SAR/LANDSAT data sets for demonstration purposes for several applications; and the analysis of SAR/LANDSAT data sets in order to identify and quantify the contribution of the SAR channel. One data set has been assembled and analyzed, while a second, better, data set is being assembled. Another current activity is the definition of procedures to establish a capability to …

Maxl4x - A Large Area Landsat Classifier, Ronnie W. Pearson

LARS Symposia

Program MAXL4X is a maximum likelihood classifier that classifies exclusively four-channel data. MAXL4X is a hybrid type of classifier in that it employs a table look-up technique in the region(s) of frequently occurring vectors. Though MAXL4X can classify any data set digitized at 128 levels or less, it was designed specifically for classifying large areas of LANDSAT data.

Presently, MAXL4X resides on a Varian mini-computer but is being adapted to the U-1108. Tests on the Varian mini-computer (32K core, 16-bit words) show that MAXL4X runs usually take less than half the time required by ELLTAB. MAXL4X is expected to run …

Tabular Data Base Construction And Analysis From Thematic Classified Landsat Imagery Of Portland, Oregon, Nevin A. Bryant, Anthony J. George, Richard Hegdahl

LARS Symposia

The creation of a land use map of the Portland, Oregon region from LANDSAT has proven to be a useful demonstration that helped substantiate the utility of satellite thematic mapping for regional planning purposes. The tabulation of land use acreage by traffic zones and census tracts, with the application of Image Based Information System (IBIS) software, has permitted a more systematic verification of the LANDSAT classification. Subsequent tabular data base constructions merged socioeconomic and environmental data with the LANDSAT-derived land use statistics. The application of IBIS software to the data bases permitted the cross-tabulation of population statistics and modeling and …

The Use Of Analysis Of Variance Procedures For Defining Ground Conditions Of Categories Generated In An Automatic Analysis Of Landsat Mss Digital Data, Steven J. Daus, Michael J. Cosentino

LARS Symposia

Increasing pressure is being applied to resource management agencies to inventory the resources under their jurisdiction in order to formulate appropriate management plans. Present inventory procedures are inadequate when considering budget levels and the tremendous areas to be inventoried. It is necessary, then, to develop inventory procedures which provide for detailed ground information over large areas with adequate update capabilities. Inventory methods are now being developed and refined which integrate information from multiple levels of remotely sensed data and ground data in appropriate statistical frameworks.

This paper describes the methods and statistical procedures, an analysis of variance routine (ANOVA), for …

Comparing Soil Boundaries Delineated By Digital Analysis Of Multispectral Scanner Data From High And Low Spatial Resolution Systems, S. J. Kristoff, Marion F. Baumgardner, A. L. Zachary, Eric R. Stoner

LARS Symposia

Aircraft and Landsat data were used with computer-aided techniques to delineate soils patterns of a field of 40 ha in a transition zone between soils developed under deciduous forest and those developed under prairie vegetation. Two computer-aided classification techniques, supervised and nonsupervised, were employed in classifying soils of the study area. The means and covariance matrix statistics were obtained for every cluster or soil class through the statistics algorithm. Each cluster of aircraft and Landsat data was identified and assigned to a specific soil type by correlating the cluster soil patterns with a standard soils map of the test site …

Correlation Of Intensity Variations And False Color Displays Of Multispectral Digital Images, Jorge Burkle, Elias Baron

LARS Symposia

Ground resolution elements seen by a multispectral sensor, may in some cases, consist of mixtures of object categories so that many of the pixels of an image are not characteristic of any category or class. It would be desirable to have a model to represent the combination categories in terms of simpler homogeneous ones and then estimate the corresponding proportions. A method of correlation of intensity variations, may reveal if a given image is representable by a linear mixture model. However, the intensity variation may be due to effects as shadows or variations in the incident light conditions. It is …

Evaluation Of Change Detection Techniques For Monitoring Coastal Zone Environments, R. A. Weismiller, S. J. Kristof, D. K. Scholz, P. E. Anuta, S. M. Momin

LARS Technical Reports

Development of satisfactory techniques for detecting change in coastal zone environments is required before operational monitoring procedures can be established. In an effort to meet this need a study was directed toward developing and evaluating different types of change detection techniques, based upon computer-aided analysis of Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data, to monitor these environments.

Four change detection techniques were designed and implemented for evaluation: a) post classification comparison change detection, b) delta data change detection, c) spectrali/temporal change classification, and d) layered spectral/temporal change classification.

The post classification comparison technique reliably identified areas of change and was used as …

A Case Study Using Echo (Extraction And Classification Of Homogeneous Objects) For Analysis Of Multispectral Scanner Data, Donna Scholz, James Russell, John Lindenlaub, Philip Swain

LARS Technical Reports

This Case Study is a component of the LARSYS Educational Package. It is designed to introduce the ECHO processing function which may be implemented on a variety of computer systems. The typical steps in the analysis of remotely-sensed data using ECHO are illustrated through discussion, and illustrative examples and exercises. The exercises have been written for implementation on a computer using LARSYS: however, they may be modified for other analysis systems.

Advancements In Machine-Assisted Analysis Of Multispectral Data For Land Use Applications, Philip H. Swain

LARS Technical Reports

Results are reported of a three-year study participated in by the Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing of Purdue University, the Center for Advanced Computation of the University of Illinois, and the Geographic Applications Program of the U. S. Geological Survey. The outcome of the study has been a demonstration of the feasibility of applying digital analysis of satellite data to land use inventory and mapping. Advancements have been made in the areas of data analysis techniques, data processing products, and education and training of personnel within the potential user agency.

Experimental Study Of The Dynamic Response Of Highway Bridges : Interim Report, Peter Karl Kropp

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Controlling Roosting Birds, Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service

Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Archive

No abstract provided.

Multi-Dimensional Clustering For Data Base Organizations, J. H. Liou, S. B. Yao

Department of Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

The Fish Populations Of The Middle 340 Km Of The Wabash River, J. R. Gammon

IWRRC Technical Reports Archive

No abstract provided.

Distribution And Effects Of Heavy Metals In A Contaminated Lake, A. Mcintosh, W. Bishop

IWRRC Technical Reports Archive

No abstract provided.

Nitrogen And Metal Contamination Of Natural Waters From Sewage Sludge Disposal On Land, L. E. Sommers, D. W. Nelson, R. E. Terry, D. J. Silviera

IWRRC Technical Reports Archive

No abstract provided.