Digital Commons Network^™

Parametric Design Of Ground Data Processing Support Systems For Advanced Sensor Systems, Clinton Denny, Earl M. Johnson, Eugene L. Davis

LARS Symposia

Ever-increasing data rates and data volumes associated with proposed large ground data processing/support systems for advanced sensor applications have made the costs of resultant data processing and analysis almost prohibitive. Though the prospective experimenter is most well-intentioned and well-motivated, he or she is immediately faced with a planner's dilemma: What is wanted, versus what budget and technology can provide. It has become obvious that the system user needs help early in project planning to meaningfully understand the impact of requirements on potential costs. With this helpful information available in a parametric form, the scientist-in-charge could make intelligent trade offs between …

Application Of Image Principal Component Technique To The Geological Study Of A Structural Basin In Central Spain, Antonio Santisteban, Laura Munoz

LARS Symposia

We describe a method to obtain the principal components of a multispectral image. It allows a simultaneous radiometric enhancement by means of a suitable finer level quantization that does not introduce artifacts. Using this method we are able to produce good photographic prints of the principal components of LANDSAT MSS images. As a matter of fact the two first components (that we call bands A and B) alone contain nearly all the information existing on the original image while the other contain only noise.

We use this technique to help in the geological study of Campo Arañuelo Basin, in Central …

Monitoring Earth Albedo From Landsat, Richard K. Kiang, Stephen G. Ungar

LARS Symposia

A technique has been developed for extracting ground albedo from LANDSAT data. Initial application to Central Kansas indicates a trend of increasing ground albedo superimposed on seasonal variations. The measured albedo apparently is associated with drought. The results suggest that LANDSAT data can be used as an input to global climatic prediction models which depend on ground albedo information.

The technique for obtaining the albedos uses a doubling radiative transfer model with scaling approximation. Reflectivities are extrapolated beyond the LANDSAT MSS spectral region based on categorization of the scene into ground classes using the original LANDSAT data. The extrapolation factors …

The Atmospheric And Oceanographic Information Processing System (Aoips), Peter A. Bracken, John T. Dalton

LARS Symposia

The AOIPS is an interactive, minicomputer- based processing and display system that is used primarily for image data analysis and information extraction operations within the Applications Directorate at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. The AOIPS contains several unique subsystems including a state-of-the-art image display and analysis terminal, a high density tape unit capable of storing 1.4 X 1010 data bits on each reel of magnetic tape and a unique video switching unit. The system configuration is discussed with emphasis on salient characteristics of the various hardware components. System and application software packages are described with emphasis on the unique image …

A Least-Square Error Approach To Landsat Image Classification, Albert Y. Hung

LARS Symposia

Nonparametric classification methods are often useful in discriminating features or substances even when the functional term of the underlying distributions are unknown to the analyst. One such case is that of geological features, largely devoid of vegetation. Basically, nonparametric classification assumes that there exists a set of discriminant functions (one for each signature) with known functional form except for a set of parameters or weights. In this paper, a nonparametric classifier based on a least-square-error criterion is introduced. Using the designated training samples, an iterative procedure can be formulated which learns the values of the unknown parameters. Consequently, the classification …

Clustering Multispectral Data Without An Algorithm: An Interactive Approach, F. P. Palou

LARS Symposia

The possibility of approaching multispectral data without any assumption on its statistical nature is discussed with an emphasis on the inspection of multidimensional histograms and plots.

A method is proposed which enables the user to select the clusters in an interactive way upon display of a two dimensional histogram. The direct applicability of this method to the classification of LANDSAT MSS data is discussed. The extension of the method to the case of more general data is also discussed.

The implementation of the method as a part of the ER-MAN II interactive system is presented and preliminary results of its …

Classifying Vegetative Cover With Landsat Digital Data, Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia And North Carolina, Patricia T. Gammon, Lurie J. Shima, Virginia Carter

LARS Symposia

Geometrically corrected and temporally registered Landsat digital data from April and February 1974 have been used to classify and map vegetative cover in the Great Dismal Swamp in Virginia and North Carolina. Cover classes were grouped into dominance types and subclasses according to the new U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service wetland classification system. Four data sets were analyzed on the Interactive Digital Image Manipulation System (IDIMS): (1) April data (2) February data (3) bands 5 and 7 from April and February and (4) all 8 bands from April and February.

Eighteen dominance types were established for the swamp on the …

Estimation Of Error Probability For Multidimensional Gaussian Maximum Likelihood Classifiers Using A Controlled Space Quantization Technique, G. Mobasseri, C. D. Mcgillem

LARS Symposia

Probability of correct classification is generally agreed to be the most important criterion in evaluating the performance of a classifier. At LARS, a maximum likelihood classifier based on Gaussian statistics for the data is employed for classification of remotely sensed data. Being a multiple-category classifier, its performance cannot be analyzed as comprehensively as that of a two class classifier. In fact, the only practical method known to carry out such an analysis is an empirical determination based on the Monte Carlo technique. The method described here is an attempt to provide an alternate method of making such an analysis.

In …

Advancements In Machine-Assisted Analysis Of Multispectral Data For Land Use Applications, Philip H. Swain

LARS Symposia

Results are reported of a three-year study participated in by the Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing of Purdue University, the Center for Advanced Computation of the University of Illinois, and the Geographic Applications "Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The outcome of the study has been a demonstration of the feasibility of applying digital analysis of satellite data to land use inventory and mapping. Advancements have been made in the areas of data analysis techniques, data processing products, and education and training of personnel within the potential user agency.

Effects Of Spatial Distortion On Image Registration Performance, Martin Svedlow, Clare D. Mcgillem, Paul E. Anuta

LARS Symposia

It is frequently desired to accurately register or overlay different images of the same scene. Under conditions in which the sensor-to-scene geometry is exactly the same for both images, the registration is accomplished by simply determining the relative translation between the images. However, in many instances there are variations in the sensor-to-scene geometry which cause the images to be spatially distorted relative to one another. This condition requires that a spatial warping be applied to one of the images in addition to determining the relative translation between the images in order to achieve registration.

For many situations in which the …

Rectification And Registration Of Digital Images And The Effect Of Cloud Detection, M. L. Nack

LARS Symposia

In previous image registration research, edge image correlation techniques were applied to Landsat-1 multispectral digital image data. Translations of edge images of an earlier area of interest were performed over a search area edge image at a later time to determine the location of the area of interest in the search area. Plots of the correlation surface indicated sharp peaks for successful searches and an accuracy of ±1 pixel or line. The following three new requirements were suggested: (1) because clouds or their shadows are time-dependent image features, removal of cloud or cloud shadow information from the edge images before …

Stratified Acreage Estimates In The Illinois Crop-Acreage Experiment, Richard Sigman, Chapman P. Gleason, George A. Hanuschak, Robert R. Starbuck

LARS Symposia

The approach of the Statistical Reporting Service (SRS) for using LANDSAT remote sensor data is to use it as an auxiliary variable with existing operational ground surveys. SRS objectives have been to investigate the use of LANDSAT data to improve crop-acreage estimates at several levels for which acreage statistics are needed; such as counties, groups of counties such as Crop Reporting Districts (CRD1s), and entire states.

To determine the feasibility of these objectives, the Illinois crop-acreage experiment was established in 1975. The experiment employs LANDSAT data for the state of Illinois and data from SRS's June Enumerative Survey (JES) for …

The Effect Of The Landsat Cloud Cover Domain On Winter Wheat Acreage Estimation In Kansas During 1976, George A. Hanuschak

LARS Symposia

A preliminary analysis was done to determine the effect of a cloud cover domain on winter wheat acreage estimation utilizing LANDSAT data in Kansas during 1976. The objective of the analysis was to see the effect of domain estimation in arriving at unbiased estimates of wheat acreage. Thus, the extent and location of cloud cover on LANDSAT imagery in relation to wheat acreage recorded on SRS ground surveys was examined. For the state of Kansas in 1976, two mosaics were constructed. Both mosaics were constructed using the best quality and most cloud free imagery from the entire months of April …

Digital Analysis Of Landsat Data For Geological Studies In Sangagiri-Tiruchengode Namakkal Area In Tamilnadu, India, V. Guruswamy, S. J. Kristof, M. F. Baumgardner

LARS Symposia

Applications of remote sensing, especially digital analysis of multispectral scanner data to the discipline of geology, require a careful analytical approach in view of the various limitations like the inevitable masking effect due to several surficial features, fluctuating environmental conditions, etc. As such, anticipation of limited accuracy in respect to qualitatively extracting lithologic informations becomes the principal objective of the analyst at the first instance.

Attempts were made in the paper to study the domal structure area studded with four granite/gneiss varieties and alluvium and to delineate their lithological boundaries based on their spectral characteristics using the LARSYS hardware and …

A First Interpretation Of East African Swiddening Via Computer-Assisted Analysis Of 3 Landsat Tapes, Francis P. Conant, Tina K. Cary

LARS Symposia

This paper reports a successful preliminary application of machine processing of LANDSAT data to the identification of swidden farming in East Africa. Analysis of "slash and burn" or shifting cultivation via LANDSAT requires recognition of the characteristics intrinsic to swiddening: by Western standards, field sizes are small, their borders are irregularly shaped and merge with natural features of the terrain; in the area of East Africa with which we are concerned, multiple cropping of as many as 25 cultigens is common, and the small fields in which these crop complexes are grown are interspersed among land at various stages of …

Computer Location Of Drainage Networks By An Interactive Line Following Algorithm, L. Montoto

LARS Symposia

An algorithm is described designed to locate and connect linear features with identical characteristics on multispectral images. The input is a map of magnitudes (PM(i,j)) and line orientations (PR(i,j)) produced by an edge and curve detection algorithm which uses a window of 5x5 pixels centered at every pixel belonging to an edge and looks for a preferred line in that pixel along 0°, 45°, 90° or 135° (PR=1,2,3,4,. PR=5 means indetermined orientation). Noisy results coming from the local line detection operation are avoided using a radiometric corrected input image on a combination of bands together with an appropriate threshold.

Principal Components And Canonical Analysis For Skylab Channel Evaluation, G. J. Mcmurtry, F. Y. Borden

LARS Symposia

The spectral channels of Skylab S192 digital data were evaluated for purposes of classification and thematic mapping. A total of 29 categories were mapped for a region in southwestern Pennsylvania.

The main and secondary dimensions (axes) of the data were found by linearly transforming the original channels. Each channel was then correlated with each of the axes. Channels strongly correlated with the important principal components axes were identified as important in contributing to the total information content of the data, while the canonical analysis axes were used to identify the importance of each channel for discrimination among the various categories. …

An Overview Of Vegetation Canopy Modeling For Signature Correction And Analyses, Joseph K. Berry, James A. Smith

LARS Symposia

Modeling of the interaction of solar radiation with vegetation canopies offers a tool for sensor design, signature extension, and relating intrinsic scene parameters to composite scene response. Theoretical approaches include both the deterministic solution of a system of simultaneous differential equations and Monte Carlo Modeling which treats the canopy as consisting of layered statistical ensembles of foliage elements against a soil background. In this paper the authors discuss several applications of canopy modeling to the general problem of understanding and correcting signature variations.

Discussion will emphasize a Monte Carlo model that was originally developed to investigate the bidirectional reflectance character …

Two Phase Sampling For Wheat Acreage Estimation, Randall W. Thomas, Claire M. Hay

LARS Symposia

A two phase Landsat-based sample allocation and wheat proportion estimation method was developed. This technique employs manual, Landsat full frame-based wheat or cultivated land proportion estimates from a large number of segments comprising; a first sample phase to optimally allocate a smaller phase two sample of computer or manually processed segments. Application to the Kansas Southwest CRD for 1974 produced a wheat acreage estimate for that CRD within 2.42 percent of the USDA SRS-based estimate using a lower CRD inventory budget than for a simulated reference LACIE system. Factor of 2 or greater cost or precision improvements relative to the …

A Four-Dimensional Histogram Approach To The Clustering Of Landsat Data, Morris Goldberg, Seymour Shlien

LARS Symposia

Unsupervised classification of LANDSAT imagery can be accomplished very efficiently by using a four-dimensional histogram in table form. The clustering scheme isolates the peaks in the distribution which are used as cluster centers to classify the remaining vectors in the histogram. The general outlines of this scheme, detailed description and programming implementation are given together with flow diagrams. The program has been implemented on both DEC PDP-10 and DEC PDP-11/40 computers. A discussion of the extension of the algorithm to other than LANDSAT imagery is also given.

Estimating Costs And Performance Of Systems For Machine Processing Of Remotely Sensed Data, Richard J. Ballard, Lester F. Eastwood

LARS Symposia

This paper outlines a method for estimating computer processing times and costs incurred in producing information products from digital remotely sensed data. The method accounts for both computation and overhead, and it may be applied to any serial computer. We apply the method to estimate the cost and computer time involved in producing Level II Land Use and Vegetative Cover Maps for a five-state, mid-western region. Our results show that the amount of data to be processed overloads some example computer systems, but that the processing is feasible on others.

Computer Training Procedures For The Western Washington Forest Productivity Study Utilizing Landsat Data, John R. Edwards

LARS Symposia

The Western Washington Forest Productivity Study was a demonstration and application project utilizing Landsat data and multistage sampling techniques to generate inventory data for all forest lands in Western Washington. This project was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of using Landsat data in a large scale forest inventory and to determine present and expected future timber supply in Western Washington.

The project was undertaken by the State of Washington, Department of Natural Resources (DNR) in conjunction with the Pacific Northwest Regional Commission, with support from NASA/Ames Research Center, and the USGS EROS Program. ESL Inc. of Sunnyvale, California, was contracted …

Landsat Digital Data Application To Forest Vegetation And Land Use Classification In Minnesota, Roy A. Mead, Merle P. Meyer

LARS Symposia

LANDSAT digital data were used to map eleven categories of land cover in north central Minnesota. The classification accuracy of these maps was found to be very low and they were not adequate for use by field level resource managers. A discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of various processing systems, different algorithms, and the problems in selecting training sets, is included.

Management Of The Horse Breeding Herd, R. A. Battaglia

Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Archive

No abstract provided.

Tree Injection Results After One Growing Season, S. H. Wickham, H. A. Holt

Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Archive

No abstract provided.

Financing Public Parks, Douglas M. Knudson

Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Archive

No abstract provided.

How To Make Backfat Determinations, K. J. Drewry

Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Archive

No abstract provided.

Indiana On-Farm Gilt Testing Program Rules And Regulation, K. J. Drewry

Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Archive

No abstract provided.

Digestion - The Conversion Of Feed To Pork, James R. Foster

Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Archive

No abstract provided.

Yew Dieback, Paul C. Pecknold

Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Archive

No abstract provided.