Digital Commons Network^™

Maximum Likelihood Estimation Of Label Imperfection Probabilities And Its Use In The Identification Of Mislabeled Patterns, C. B. Chittineni

LARS Symposia

This paper presents the problem of estimating label imperfections and the use of the estimation in identifying mislabeled patterns. Expressions for the maximum likelihood estimates of classification errors and a priori probabilities are derived from the classification of a set of labeled and unlabeled patterns. Expressions also are presented for the asymptotic variances of probability of correct classification and proportions. Simple models are developed for imperfections in the labels and for classification errors and are used in the formulation of a maximum likelihood estimation scheme. Schemes are presented for the identification of mislabeled patterns in terms of thresholds on the …

An Examination Of The Overall Relationship Between Spectral Reflectance And Chemical Composition Of 58 Mine Tailings Samples, H. Schreir, L. M. Lavkulich

LARS Symposia

Spectral reflection curves from 58 mine tailings samples were grouped into 11 unique spectral categories using a cluster analysis technique. A good relationship was found between the spectral categories and Munsel colors (hue and value) but only 70% of all groups could be separated on the basis of a single chemical parameter (Fe). It appears that the overall chemistry has a profound influence on spectral reflection, with total Fe, Al, Si and C playing a dominant part. The parameter interactions are complex and this makes it difficult to predict chemical concentrations from spectral reflection values. Cluster analysis offers a means …

Delineation Of Soil Boundaries Using Image Enhancement And Spectral Signature Classification Of Landsat Data, M. L. Imhoff, G. W. Petersen, J. R. Irons

LARS Symposia

The concept of using satellite data for soils inventories began with the advent of the first ERTS launch in 1972.

Landsat data can be useful in a field survey, if it satisfies one or both of two requirements: the products must improve the accuracy of the survey and/or it must expedite the survey. These goals can be achieved by creating products that enhance and delineate soil surface features that would not necessarily identify specific soil types but rather provide a spatial boundary that a field scientist could observe and evaluate.

A 250,000 acre tract of semiarid rangeland in east central …

Description Of A User-Oriented Geographic Information System: The Resource Analysis Program, Stephen E. Tilmann, Delbert L. Mokma

LARS Symposia

This paper describes the Resource Analysis Program, an applied geographic information system. Several applications are presented which utilized soil, and other natural resource data, to develop integrated maps and data analyses. These applications demonstrate the methods of analysis and the philosophy of approach used in the mapping system.

The applications are evaluated in reference to four major needs of a functional mapping system: data capture, data libraries, data analysis, and mapping and data display. These four criteria are then used to describe an effort to develop the next generation of applied mapping systems. This approach uses inexpensive microcomputers for field …

Using Soil Color/Reflectance In Predicting Soil Properties, Chris J. Johannsen, Liovando M. Dacosta

LARS Symposia

Correlations of soil components, value and chroma with selected soil physical and chemical properties from 563 surface soil samples from the Great Plains area, USA revealed that clay, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and water held at 1/3 and 15 bars were most highly correlated. Regression correlations based on these soil color components were developed to estimate many soil properties.

Surface soil samples from two study sites located in Boone County, Missouri, USA were measured by a laboratory spectral meter. These measurements showed that soil physical and chemical properties could be predicted from reflectance measurements especially in the near infrared …

Parallel Processing Implementations Of A Contextual Classifier For Multispectral Remote Sensing Data, Howard Jay Siegel, Philip H. Swain, Bradley W. Smith

LARS Symposia

Contextual classifiers are being developed as a method to exploit the spatial/spectral context of a pixel to achieve accurate classification. Classification algorithms such as the contextual classifier typically require large amounts of computation time. One way to reduce the execution time of these tasks is through the use of parallelism. The applicability of the CDC Flexible Processor system and of a proposed multimicroprocessor system (PASM) for implementing contextual classifiers is examined.

An Assessment Of Landsat Data Acquisition History On Identification And Area Estimation Of Corn And Soybeans, Marilyn M. Hixson, Marvin E. Bauer, Donna K. Scholz

LARS Symposia

During the past decade, numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of satellite remote sensing for providing accurate and timely crop area information. This study assessed the impact of Landsat data acquisition history on classification and area estimation accuracy of corn and soybeans.

Multitemporally registered Landsat MSS data from four acquisitions during the 1978 growing season were used in classification of eight sample segments in the U.S. Corn Belt. The results illustrate the importance of selecting Landsat acquisitions based on spectral differences in crops at certain growth stages.

Crop Classification With A Landsat/Radar Sensor Combination, Robert Y. Li, Fawwaz T. Ulaby, Ronald J. Eyton

LARS Symposia

A combined Landsat/radar approach to classification of remotely sensed data, with emphasis on crops, was undertaken. Radar data were obtained by microwave radar spectrometers over fields near Eudora, Kansas and Landsat image data were obtained for the same test site. After Landsat digital images were registered and test-cells extracted, a comparable set of radar image pixels were simulated to match the Landsat pixels. The combined data set is then used for classification, and the results are examined with the best combination of sensor variables identified. Finally, the usefulness of radar in a simulated cloud-coversituation is demonstrated. The major conclusion derived …

Estimation Of Areas Under Different Cover Types By Spectral Stratification, K. Padmanabhan, K. L. Majumder, D. S. Kamat

LARS Symposia

Stratification is a procedure for subdividing the heterogeneous population into subpopulations which are internally homogeneous. Spectral stratification, i.e. stratification based on spectral characteristics can be used for classification of multispectral remotely sensed data. In this paper an approach is suggested for estimating the areas under different cover types by taking samples from spectral strata.

The basis of spectral stratification i s the multidimensional frequency information from the data. The size of a sampling unit is decided by the coefficient of variation within the data and the size of the samples can be obtained either from the allowable error or the …

Preparing A Schematic Soils Map Of An Arid Area Using Landsat Imagery, R. H. Gilbert

LARS Symposia

Between June 1977 and October 1979, a schematic soils map was made of an arid area 2,149,700 square kilometers in size using photo-interpretive techniques on 120 Landsat scenes. The smallest mapping unit was about 5000 hectares. The mapping units were named for the soil subgroups that were present classification of the soils was based on Soil Taxonomy.

Visual interpretations were made on the images (black and white band 7) after determining the general landscape forms that were present in the scene. Topographic and Geologic maps were used for preliminary identification of similar areas. Delineations of each mapping unit were made …

A Model Of Plant Canopy Polarization Response, V. C. Vanderbilt

LARS Symposia

Sensors to remotely measure the linear polarization of ground scenes have been proposed for the Multispectral Resource Sampler (MRS), a satellite sensor system proposed to compliment the Thematic Mapper. At present justification for a sensor on MRS to measure scene polarization is limited. This paper discusses a model for the amount of linearly polarized light reflected by the shiny leaves of such crops as wheat, corn, and sorghum. The theory demonstrates that, potentially, measurements of the linearly polarized light from a crop canopy may be used as an additional feature to discriminate between crops. Examination of the model suggests that, …

A Remote Sensing And Geo-Based Information System Approach To The Assessment Of Irrigation Development Potential, Gary E. Johnson, Thomas R. Loveland, William H. Anderson

LARS Symposia

The Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center is engaged in a cooperative demonstration project with the Portland District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This study is using remotely sensed data and a geo-based River Basin. information system to evaluate present and future effects of irrigation development on the flow of the Columbia River.

The Stanfield, S.E., Oregon, 7.5 minute quadrangle was chosen as a test area. Land cover shown on a 1972 Landsat subscene was classified as irrigated land, dryland agriculture, rangeland, and wetland. Soils maps of the area were interpreted to determine the potential of the …

A Case Study Of Soil Erosion Detection By Digital Analysis Of The Remotely Sensed Multispectral Landsat Scanner Data Of A Semi-Arid Land In Southern India, V. Guruswamy, Steve J. Kristof, Marion Baumgardner

LARS Symposia

Soil forms one of the vital natural resources in that it is useful for agricultural and engineering purposes as the Chief plant supporting material for producing food and fibre and as construction material for raising buildings respectively. Soil erosion caused by the action of wind, water, ice and gravity over a terrain requires, therefore, prompt detection and implementation of proper preventive/remedial measures to conserve the soil resource. Soil inventory to assess its quantity and quality by the conventional field survey methods consumes considerable manpower with time and money and the remote sensing technology offers in this context, a powerful tool …

The Use Of Cir And Airborne Multispectral Scanner Techniques For Wetland Soils Mapping Of Highway Corridors, Alice E. Redfield, Kenneth S. Thom

LARS Symposia

This paper summarizes the results of an investigation aimed at evaluating the potential advantages of state-of-the-art airborne remote sensing for highway siting and planning tasks, specifically in wetlands areas.

The basic objectives of the study were to develop methodologies using remotely sensed data for mapping wetlands soils and drainage, to evaluate the relative merits and usefulness of the various methods developed, to generate a selection of output products from the remote sensor data for display to highway planners and photo-interpreters, and to provide recommendations for implementation of remote sensing techniques in the highway planning and siting process. To accomplish these …

Research Agenda For The New Decade: A Better Understanding Of The Agricultural Scene, Anson Bertrand

LARS Symposia

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Interposed Ventilation Pressure Upon Artificial Cardiac Output During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation In Dogs, Charles F. Babbs, W D. Voorhees, K R. Fitzgerald, H R. Holmes, L A. Geddes

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

This study was conducted to determine the effects of high pressure interposed ventilations during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Cardiac output was measured by a modified indicator dilution technique in eight anesthetized, intubated mongrel dogs. Positive pressure ventilations (12/min, 80% O2) were interposed after every five chest compressions (performed at 62/min) by a mechanical chest compressor (Thumper®). On repeated trials in the same animal, ventilation pressures from 10-50 cm of H2O were tested in randomized sequence, while the technique of chest compression was held constant. Arterial blood gases immediately after resuscitation were monitored. Increasing ventilation pressure had surprisingly little effect on cardiac …

Evaluation Of The Operating Internal Resistance And Capacitance Of Intact Trapezoidal Waveform Defibrillators, Charles F. Babbs, Sj Whistler, La Geddes

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Regional Blood Flow During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation In Dogs, W D. Voorhees, Charles F. Babbs, W A. Tacker

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

To determine differences in regional blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) versus normal cardiac function, we measured regional blood flow to sev~ral organs in 19 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs (6-12 kg). Regional blood flow was measured during sinus rhythm in 5 dogs and during electrically induced ventricular fibrillation with CPR in the other 14 dogs. Regional blood flow and cardiac output were measured using radioactively labelled polystyrene microspheres of 15 ±3P diameter, injected into the left ventricle. Adequacy of microsphere mixing at low cardiac outputs was verified by comparing flow rates to paired organs. Cardiac output was 175 ml/kg/min during sinus rhythm …

Therapeutic Indices For Transchest Defibrillator Shocks: Effective, Damaging, And Lethal Electrical Doses, Charles F. Babbs, Willis A. Tacker, John F. Vanvleet, Joe D. Bourland, Leslie A. Geddes

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Although prospective studies of defibrillator shock overdose cannot be performed in man, the therapeutic indices of various defibrillating current waveforms can be measured in animals. We determined the ratios TD50/ED50 and LD50/ ED50 (where TD50 = median "toxic" or damageinducing dose, ED50 = median effective or defibrillating dose, and LD50 = median lethal dose) as measures of the therapeutic index for damped sine wave defibrillator shocks in dogs. Death of an animal and/or any degree of cardiac damage found by gross or microscopic examination were defined as harmful effects of shock, analogous to drug toxicity. In terms of peak current, …

Experiments On The Shell-And-Tube Coolers For Compressors, A. Liska

International Compressor Engineering Conference

No abstract provided.

High Frequency Vibratory Components Caused By Elastic Vibrations Of The Crank Shaft In Refrigerating Compressors, K. Imachi, N. Ishii, K. Imasu, S. Muramatsu, M. Fukushima

International Compressor Engineering Conference

No abstract provided.

A Method For Characterizing The Rigid Body Motion Of Reciprocating Refrigerating Compressors, T. S. Katra, J. F. Crofoot

International Compressor Engineering Conference

No abstract provided.

Compressor Originated Noise In A Diving System , G. Rauen, W. Soedel

International Compressor Engineering Conference

No abstract provided.

Static And Dynamic Analysis Of Reed Valves Using A Minicomputer Based Finite Element Systems, G. C. Griner, G. W. Gatecliff, H. Richardson

International Compressor Engineering Conference

No abstract provided.

An Energy Saving Residential Cooling System With A Two Step Speed Compressor, K. Imasu, M. Yamane, S. Muramatsu, H. Fujieda

International Compressor Engineering Conference

No abstract provided.

Small Screw Compressors For Automobile Air Conditioning Systems, Y. Fukazawa, U. Ozawa

International Compressor Engineering Conference

No abstract provided.

Hypothesis On The Failure Of Spring Loaded Compressor Valve Plates, L. Boswirth

International Compressor Engineering Conference

No abstract provided.

Compressor Discharge Line Stress Analysis Utilizing Finite Element Methods, E. Andersen

International Compressor Engineering Conference

No abstract provided.

A Fundamental Study On Valve Impact Stress In Refrigeration Compressor, A. Futakawa, K. Namura

International Compressor Engineering Conference

No abstract provided.

A Technique For Predicting Compressor Replacement Rates In A System, J. T. Hague, J. K. Wollitz

International Compressor Engineering Conference

No abstract provided.