Digital Commons Network^™

Evaluation Of A Segment-Based Landsat Full-Frame Approach To Crop Area Estimation, M. M. Hixson, S. M. Davis, M. E. Bauer

LARS Symposia

Accurate and timely crop production information is a critical need in today's economy. During the past decade, satellite remote sensing has been increasingly recognized as a means for crop identification and estimation of crop areas. The Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) records as a single data point (pixel) a region on the ground about one acre (0.5 ha) in size. When estimates of crop areas are desired for large regions, a statistical sampling scheme is required as it is not feasible to examine all of the pixels in the region of interest. The development of a sampling strategy which is both …

Remote Sensing Education: A Special Report On The Conference Of Remote Sensing Educators - Corse-81, T. M. Lillesand

LARS Symposia

CORSE-81, Conference On Remote Sensing Education, was held May 18-22, 1981, at Purdue University. Co-sponsored by NASA and NOAA, the conference was organized and conducted by the Purdue University Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing (LARS). Attended by approximately 200 educators from a broad range of disciplines, CORSE-81 represented the first national conference in the U.S. dealing solely with the topic of remote sensing education.

This paper is an attempt to summarize the major trends and issues in remote sensing education which crystallized from the presentations and discussions of CORSE-81. These include: 1) a profile (by discipline) of remote sensing …

An Application Of Large Scale Computing Facilities To The Processing Of Landsat Digital Data In Australia, David W. Beach, Ken W. Dawbin

LARS Symposia

An early issue in the Australian Wide Scale Wheat Monitoring Project, started in November, 1978, was whether to use area sampling, as in the LACIE, or to be innovative and attempt whole scene processing. The availability of a large computing system and acknowledgment of the trends in price and performance of computers influenced a decision towards whole scene processing.

The computing facilities used in this project are described.

An interactive facility supported by software called ER-MAN II is installed on an IBM 3033 which simultaneously supports several hundred other interactive users. The pros and cons of using such a shared …

Historic Wetlands Assessment Using Computerized Microdensitometric Analysis Of Aerial Photographs, D. J. Leu

LARS Symposia

A technique has been designed and tested that permits the quantitative assessment of historic marsh conditions from black and white aerial photography. Utilizing a computerized scanning and writing Rotating Drum Microdensitometer (RDM) system, baseline marsh data has been derived by combining present day field data with computer analysis of present day and historical aerial photography. Quantitative information on the marsh grasses studied (Spartina alternifora - tall and short growth forms, Salt Hay - a mixture of Spartina patens and Distichlis spicata), their distributional patterns, and surface water locations were established.

The RDM technique relates subtle optical density differences in a …

Landsat Digital Analysis: Implications For Wetland Management, Virginia Carter, Kevin A. Richardson

LARS Symposia

Wetland management needs include requirements for both overall wetland planning and management by local, state, regional and national agencies and internal management of large wetlands. Landsat digital data can potentially supply management information such as location, area, wetland type, seasonal extent of surface. Inundation changes in vegetative composition and thus wildlife habitat potential, impact of construction or water-level control and information for wetland evaluation. However, at present (1981), Landsat classification accuracies for wetland type or vegetation are often as low as 70 percent. These generally unsatisfactory results are due to Landsat resolution, spectral and spatial heterogeneity of wetlands and vegetative …

Sequential Classification Algorithms, R. Krishnan, K. R. Rao

LARS Symposia

In this paper, four versions of the sequential maximum likelihood algorithm have been employed to classify LANDSAT data & their performance is compared with that of the maximum likelihood classifier. The sequential maximum likelihood algorithm is a faster, but slightly less accurate version of the conventional maximum likelihood algorithm. In the sequential case, the number of features (MSS bands) used to classify a given pixel depends upon the particular band values of that pixel, since on the average, the number of bands used will be less than the maximum there will be a serving in computational time.

Reindeer Range Inventory: Use Of Winter Landsat Imagery For Stratification Of Digital Classification, T. H. George, P. C. Scorup

LARS Symposia

Range inventories using Landsat data have been conducted since 1976 on the tundra in northwest Alaska. Landsat digital classifications of large areas (> 1 million hectares) were used to support collection of ground data on plant productivity and soils. This technique was effective where the inventory team had little or no previous knowledge of the area, and a very short summer field season to collect field data. Problems were encountered where resource categories differed from Landsat spectral classes across these large areas, due to regional differences in ecological condition. A means was required to break the survey area into smaller …

A New Clustering Method For Landsat Images Using Local Maximums Of A Multidimensional Histogram, K. Matsumoto, M. Naka, H. Yamamoto

LARS Symposia

This paper describes a new clustering method for a huge satellite image. This method is composed of two major schemes, a multi-layered hashing scheme for multi-dimensional histogram (MDH) and a histogram clustering scheme using MDH. The MDH construction scheme works in 3 stages. In the 1st stage it constructs a few histogram layers for each part of an image, and in the 2nd and 3rd stages histogram layers are combined into one histogram. The clustering scheme searches for local maximums of MDH, and decides clusters around local maximums as sets of hyperrectangles. The major parameters of the clustering scheme are …

A Methodology For Updating Agricultural Forest And Range Resource Inventory In Mexico, Alfredo Camara R.

LARS Symposia

This paper presents the experiences, results and conclusions of a two year research effort on the feasibility of updating Land Use-Land Cover maps through digital processing of Landsat data. The project has been conducted by the Dirección General de Geograffa del Territorio Nacional (DGGTN), which has in charge the realization of the natural - resources inventory of Mexico's National Territory.

Several approaches for developing training statistics were used, and their advantages and shortcomings are discussed. A classification scheme and a general outline of an operational procedure for updating our Agricultural, Forest and Range Resource Inventory is presented.

Problems Related To The Use Of Remote Sensing For Inventory And Mapping Of Lower Coastal Plain Forests, J. R. Helms, W. A. Shain

LARS Symposia

Studies involving Landsat MSS imagery of the southeastern United States have indicated that its primary usefulness would be of mapping for forest versus non-forest features. Best results have been obtained using imagery taken during spring or using combinations of two seasons. Color infrared aerial photographs are similar to the Landsat MSS in spectral sensitivity, but provide more detail of importance to forest managers than satellite imagery, especially if taken at medium scales (1/10,000 to 1/20,000).

Aerial photography is important and is used commonly for mapping forest stands, estimating areas, and planning silvicultural operations. Ground observations, although costly, are recognized as …

Comparison Of Satellite Imagery And Conventional Aerial Photography In Evaluating A Large Forest Fire, G. R. Minick, W. A. Shain

LARS Symposia

The 1976 Horry County forest fire consumed approximately 37,000 acres of woodlands. The burned area was located in the northeastern coastal plain of South Carolina with the boundary being generally based on a triangle where the northern boundary is S. C. Highway 90, the southern boundary is the intracoastal waterway, and the western boundary is Highway 501. It burned for a total of six days before being pronounced out on April 15, 1976. A trail of smoke could be seen at one time rising to the northeast for 40 miles over North Carolina and the Atlantic Ocean. This area was …

Sensitivity Of Geographic Information System Outputs To Errors In Remotely Sensed Data, H. K. Ramapriyan, R. K. Boyd, F. J. Gunther, Y. C. Lu

LARS Symposia

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the sensitivity of Geographic Information System outputs to errors in inputs derived from Remotely Sensed Data (RSD). The attention is restricted to outputs of suitability models with "per cell" decisions with gridded Geographic Data Bases (GDB) whose cells are larger than the RSD pixels. The procedure for merging RSD into such GDB's involves classification, registration and aggregation. The first two steps introduce errors at individual pixels and the last step tends to compensate for such errors.

The classification and registration errors are treated independently for the purposes of analysis. Under certain simplifying …

Biotic Contributions To The Global Carbon Cycle: The Role Of Remote Sensing, R. A. Houghton, G. M. Woodwell

LARS Symposia

The CO2 content of the atmosphere is increasing currently as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels and the oxidation of vegetation and soils associated with changes in the use of land. Prediction of the atmospheric CO2 concentration in the future requires a better understanding of how important these land-use changes are currently and how important they have been in the past. In this paper we present an analysis of past changes in the terrestrial biota and soils of the earth. The analysis is based on rates of forest harvest and regrowth, rates of land conversion to agriculture, and …

Image Registration System In The Landsat-D Production Environment, Peter Kiss, Paul Arnold, John Goldstine

LARS Symposia

An effort is underway to develop an automated image registration system for the Landsat-D Ground Segment. This system will be capable of providing accurate control point (CP) location errors in imagery that has been corrected using system models. A part of this effort consisted of studying various image enhancement techniques, correlation techniques and subpixel registration methods. Presented here is an overview of the registration system developed, along with the study results that led to the choices of techniques incorporated.

Although much previous work exists in this area, it is believed that some of the methods and findings are new. It …

An Approach To Develop Interpretation Keys For The Analysis Of Single Band Bhaskara Satellite Tv-Data, K. L. Majumder, A. K. S. Gopalan, D. S. Kamat, A. N. Patel, P. Senchaudhuri

LARS Symposia

Bhaskara, the first Indian Earth Observations Satellite was launched on June 7, 1979. The two primary payloads onboard the Bhaskara satellite were two Television cameras (TV Camera) and two frequency Satellite Microwave Radiometers (SAMIR). The salient features of the TV camera and SAMIR payloads are summarised and given in Table 1.

Since the Bhaskara TV data is having a low resolution and as the data was acquired in only one band, namely, 0.54-0. 66 µm, the utility of the data from the point of view of information extraction on earth resources is limited. Moreover, because of its orbital characteristics the …

Automatic Processing Of Computer Compatible Tapes With Data From Airborne Multispectral Scanners, Norberto Scquizzato, Sigfredo F. Pagel

LARS Symposia

In the following pages, an overview about the Airborne Modular Multiband Scanner (SAMPOI) used by the Comision Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales (National Commission on Space Research) will be developed.

With this system aerial surveys, mainly for Pollution studies, are carried out.

The purpose of this paper is to comment about a Remote Sensing Data Acquisition System and its digital processing features.

Physical Principles Of Local Heat Therapy For Cancer, Charles F. Babbs, David P. Dewitt

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Local hyperthermia therapy for cancer can produce selective heating of solid tumors on the basis of known physical laws. If energy is deposited in the general region of the tumor, temperature tends to develop in the tumor higher than that in surrounding normal tissues. The goal of therapy is to achieve cytotoxic temperature elevations in the tumor for an adequate period of time, without damaging nearby normal tissues. Several modalities exist for local heat treatment, of which radiofrequency and ultrasound offer the most promise for controlled, localized heating at depth. A paucity of blood flow in the tumor compared to …

Cropcast: A Special Purpose, Geographically Referenced, Information System For Crop Inventory Applications, E. S. Merritt, J. M. Meneely, L. Heitkemper, D. Hlavka

LARS Symposia

CROPCAST™ is a special purpose, geographically referenced, information system that is being applied to operational global crop inventory. The CROPCAST system utilizes a two level geobased grid /cell coordinate system that is referenced to a cylindrical Mercator projection with earth intersections at 300N and 300 S, which provides equal area coverage with minimum distortion for the 600N to 600S primary agricultural regions. Diagnostic and predictive models operating on remote sensing data from resource satellites, ground-based meteorological stations, physical and statistical data bases offer dynamic information grid/cell updates at 6 hourly and 24 hourly intervals. Predictive models extend the dynamic information …

Alteration Of Defibrillation Threshold By Antiarrhythmic Drugs: A Theoretical Framework, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Cardiac Output During Cpr: A Comparison Of Two Methods, D L. Silver, R J. Murphy, Charles F. Babbs, L A. Geddes

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Simultaneous Fick and saline dilution methods were compared for measuring cardiac output during experimental cardiac arrest and resuscitation in anesthetized dogs. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) cardiac output averaged 53 ± 30 ml/min-kg (42% of pre-arrest values). Values obtained using the Fick vs. saline methods were highly correlated (r = 0.96), and were not statistically different (t = 1.47, df = 16).

Transchest Defibrillation Under Conditions Of Hypothermia, W A. Tacker, Charles F. Babbs, D R. Abendschein, L A. Geddes

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

This study was conducted to determine whether or not hypothermia changes ventricular defibrillation threshold. Ventricular fibrillation was induced by electrical stimulation of the endocardium in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs, both during normothermia and hypothermia produced by circulating 8 °C water through a rubber bladder implanted in the peritoneal cavity. Defibrillation threshold was determined as the shock strength needed to defibrillate the ventricles and differing no more than 10 percent from a shock strength that failed to defibrillate. Defibrillation threshold current was stable for body temperatures ranging from 37 oC to 22 oC. Threshold energy increased linearly with decreasing temperature in keeping …

Effect Of Thoracic Venting On Arterial Pressure, And Flow During External Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation In Animals, Charles F. Babbs, Nicholas Bircher, Dennis E. Burkett, Henry A. Frissora, Brian C. Hodgkin, Peter Safar

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

To test the hypothesis that fluctuations in global intrathoracic pressure are the dominant cause of blood flow during external cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) the authors studied the effects of open pneumothorax on experimental CPR in 7 domestic pigs and 12 mongrel dogs. Similar studies were conducted independently at three laboratories and are reported jointly. All studies were conducted during electrically induced ventricular fibrillation and with standard CPR technique, including ventral-dorsal chest compression at 60/min, 0.5 sec compression duration, 1:5ventilation:compression ratio. During alternate periods of CPR, intrathoracic pressure was vented through bilateral chest tubes, placed to create open pneumothorax and partial collapse …

Processor Displacement: An Area-Time Trade-Off Method For Vlsi Design, David M. Deruyck, Lawrence Snyder, John D. Unruh

Department of Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

An Analytical Study Of Strategy-Oriented Restructuring Algorithms, Jehan-François Päris, Domenico Ferrari

Department of Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Conversion From Data-Flow To Synchronous Execution In Loop Programs, Janice D. Cuny, Lawrence Synder

Department of Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Error Analysis Of Homogeneous Mean Queue And Response Time Estimators, Jeffrey A. Brumfield, Peter J. Denning

Department of Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Software Metrics Data Collection, T. J. Yu, Brian A. Nejmeh

Department of Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Metamodeling And Its Application To Queueing Networks, Jeffrey P. Buzen, Subhash C. Agrawal

Department of Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Cardiac Output During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation At Various Compression Rates And Durations, Kevin R. Fitzgerald, Charles F. Babbs, Henry A. Frissora, Robert W. Davis, Douglas I. Silver

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Cardiac output during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was measured by a modified indicator-dilution technique in 20 anesthetized dogs (6-12 kg) during repeated 1- to 2-min episodes of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation and CPR, produced by a mechanical chest compressor and ventilator. With compression rates from 20 to 140/min and compression durations (duty cycles) from 10 to 90% of cycle time, cardiac output (CO) was predicted by the equation:

,

where CR is compression rate, DC is duty cycle, SV_max (19 ml) is the effective capacity of the pumping chamber, and k_l (0.00207 min) and k₂ (0.00707 min) are …

The Expansion Of The Probability Density Function To Non-Gaussian Distribution, Minoru Akiyama

LARS Symposia

In the most of all statistical approaches in pattern recognition theories in remote sensing it is assumed that each probability density function of pattern classes can be approximated by the Gaussian probability density function. However, this assumption is not always appropriate in practice. The exact shape of class probability density function is supposed to be expressed as an original histogram. And if the shape of the histogram is largely different from the Gaussian function the classification results might include large error.

Therefore, there seems no need to persist in Gaussian probability density function as the only representation of class histograms. …