Digital Commons Network^™

Fine Tuning Mobilenet Neural Networks For Oil Spill Detection, Caixia Wang, Andrew Coulson

I-GUIDE Forum

The monitoring of open water and early identification of oil spills in the Alaska Arctic has become increasingly critical due to the rise in oil and gas exploration and shipping activities, facilitated by the increasing number of ice-free days resulting from global warming. This escalating risk of oil spills is further compounded by potential accidents in offshore operations, illicit oil discharges, and knowledge gaps in Arctic coastlines, rapidly changing due to rising seas, permafrost melting, and coastal erosion. To address these pressing challenges, we propose a deep learning model based on MobileNet neural networks to detect oil spills in remotely …

How To Treat Alzheimer’S Disease By Boosting Glymphatic Flow: Simulations In A New Computational Model, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Working Papers

This study exercises a new mathematical model to search for unappreciated therapeutic targets in Alzheimer’s disease. The model describes detailed mechanisms underlying the glymphatic pump mechanism, which removes toxic proteins of Alzheimer’s disease from the interstitial fluid of the brain. It shows that the glymphatic pump is driven by the amplitude of intracranial pressure pulsations in the subarachnoid space, which are correlated with the arterial pulse and modulated by many other factors. Implementing ways to increase intracranial pressure pulses quickly comes to mind as a potential treatment strategy. Specific interventions include drugs that increase arterial pulse volume and small devices …

Cross-Scale Urban Land Cover Mapping: Empowering Classification Through Transfer Learning And Deep Learning Integration, Zhe Wang, Chao Fan, Xian Min, Shoukun Sun, Xiaogang Ma, Xiang Que

I-GUIDE Forum

Urban land cover mapping is essential for effective urban planning and resource management. Thanks to its ability to extract intricate features from urban datasets, deep learning has emerged as a powerful technique for urban classification. The U-net architecture has achieved state-of-the-art land cover classification performance, highlighting its potential for mapping urban trees at different spatial scales. However, deep learning approaches often require large, labeled datasets, which are challenging to acquire for specific urban contexts. Transfer learning addresses this limitation by leveraging pre-trained deep learning models on extensive datasets and adapting them to smaller urban datasets with limited labeled samples. Transfer …

An Agent-Based Modeling Approach To Spatial Accessibility, Alexander C. Michels, Shaowen Wang

I-GUIDE Forum

Place-based spatial accessibility represents the ability of populations within geographic units to access goods and services, and thus is an important indicator for sustainable development. Existing spatial accessibility models treat population as simply demand, calculating statistics or optimizing average cost for the population within each geographic unit, rather than modeling individual decisions. This paper proposes AgentAccess, a general-purpose Agent-Based Model (ABM) for spatial accessibility analysis. An ABM framework brings us closer to reality by simulating individual and imperfect decision-making. We introduce the model and compare its results against existing spatial accessibility models using a case study of hospital beds in …

The Challenge Of Misclassification Error In The European Union’S Deforestation Regulation, Caleb T. Gallemore

I-GUIDE Forum

The European Union’s Regulation 2023/1115, which requires firms to undertake significant due diligence efforts to minimize the import of deforestation-linked commodities into the Union, relies heavily on cutting-edge geospatial technologies. While several studies of zero-deforestation supply chain efforts have pointed to the political and logistical challenges such initiatives face, there has been less consideration of the role that the measurement errors that are unavoidable in geospatial technologies might affect emerging zero-deforestation governance systems. Using information on misclassification error rates for forest areas from 20 recent validation studies of global land-cover datasets, I simulate the misclassification risks we might expect from …

Solving Geospatial Problems Under Extreme Time Constraints: A Call For Inclusive Geocomputational Education, Coline C. Dony

I-GUIDE Forum

To prepare our next generation to face geospatial problems that have extreme time constraints (e.g., disasters, climate change) we need to create educational pathways that help students develop their geocomputational thinking skills. First, educators are central in helping us create those pathways, therefore, we need to clearly convey to them why and in which contexts this thinking is necessary. For that purpose, a new definition for geocomputational thinking is suggested that makes it clear that this thinking is needed for geospatial problems that have extreme time constraints. Secondly, we can not further burden educators with more demands, rather we should …

I-Guide Climbers: A Model For Multidisciplinary Academic Labs For Early Career Development, Iman Haqiqi, Wei Hu, Ramya Kumaran, Pin-Ching Li, Nicholas Manning, Alex Michels, Ayman Nassar, Jinwoo Park, Jimeng Shi, Adam Tonks, Zhaonan Wang

I-GUIDE Forum

In this paper, we propose a new form of multidisciplinary academic collaboration that goes beyond the traditional modes of knowledge exchange. We argue that most research collaboration today is based on interactions between closely related disciplines, in which researchers share data, methods, and insights within a common framework or problem. However, such collaboration may not foster the development of the communication and management skills essential to a multi-disciplinary research career. Therefore, we suggest establishing a network of researchers from divergent, yet complementary, disciplines who are interested in improving these skills through regular interactions and feedback. The main goal of this …

Curriculum Design Of Artificial Intelligence And Sustainability In Secondary School, Jinyi Cai, Mei-Po Kwan, Chunyu Hou, Dong Liu, Yeung Yam

I-GUIDE Forum

Artificial Intelligence is revolutionizing numerous sectors with its transformative power, while at the same time, there is an increasing sense of urgency to address sustainability challenges. Despite the significance of both areas, secondary school curriculums still lack comprehensive integration of AI and sustainability education. This paper presents a curriculum designed to bridge this gap. The curriculum integrates progressive objectives, computational thinking competencies and system thinking components across five modules—awareness, knowledge, interaction, empowerment and ethics—to cater to varying learner levels. System thinking components help students understand sustainability in a holistic manner. Computational thinking competencies aim to cultivate computational thinkers to guide …

Simple-G In The Classroom And The Cloud, Elizabeth A. Fraysse, Thomas W. Hertel, Zhan Wang, Iman Haqiqi

I-GUIDE Forum

SIMPLE-G serves as a significant tool for researchers to address sustainability challenges, serving as a Convergence Catalyst for issues related to the global-local-global connections affecting land, water, and food security. This paper explores the pedagogical path of SIMPLE-G in the classroom setting, highlighting its key benefits in interdisciplinary education. Furthermore, we explore the future development of SIMPLE-G for facilitating collaborations between economists and other disciplines as well as increasing accessibility to users through cloud computing.

A Spatiotemporal Synthesis Of High-Resolution Salinity Data With Aquaculture Applications, Dong Liang, Jeremy M. Testa, Cassie Gurbisz, Lora A. Harris

I-GUIDE Forum

Technological advancement and the desire to better monitor shallow habitats in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, United States led to the initiation of several high-resolution monitoring programs such as ConMon (short for “Continuous Monitoring”) measuring oxygen, salinity, and chlorophyll-a at a 15-minute frequency. These monitoring efforts have yielded an enormous volume of data and insight into the condition of the tidal water of the Bay. But this information is underutilized in documenting the fine-scale variability of water quality, which is critical in identifying the link between water quality and ecological responses, partly due to the challenges in integrating monitoring data collected …

Reducing Uncertainty In Sea-Level Rise Prediction: A Spatial-Variability-Aware Approach, Subhankar Ghosh, Shuai An, Arun Sharma, Jayant Gupta, Shashi Shekhar, Aneesh Subramanian

I-GUIDE Forum

Given multi-model ensemble climate projections, the goal is to accurately and reliably predict future sea-level rise while lowering the uncertainty. This problem is important because sea-level rise affects millions of people in coastal communities and beyond due to climate change's impacts on polar ice sheets and the ocean. This problem is challenging due to spatial variability and unknowns such as possible tipping points (e.g., collapse of Greenland or West Antarctic ice-shelf), climate feedback loops (e.g., clouds, permafrost thawing), future policy decisions, and human actions. Most existing climate modeling approaches use the same set of weights globally, during either regression or …

Dig Up Tall Fescue Plastid Genomes For The Identification Of Morphotype-Specific Dna Variants, Md Shofiqul Islam, Konstantin Chekhovskiy, Malay C. Saha

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Background

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important cool-season perennial grass species. Hexaploid tall fescue has three distinct morphotypes used either as forage or turf purposes. Its chloroplast genome is conserved due to it being maternally inherited to the next generation progenies. To identify morphotype-specific DNA markers and the genetic variations, plastid genomes of all three tall fescue morphotypes, i.e., Continental cv. Texoma MaxQ II, Rhizomatous cv. Torpedo, and Mediterranean cv. Resolute, have been sequenced using Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform.

Results

The plastid genomes of Continental-, Rhizomatous-, and Mediterranean tall fescue were assembled into circular master molecules of …

Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Fruit And Vegetable Intake Among A National Sample Of U.S. Adults, Ivan D. Mendoza, Jorge A. Banda, Zachary Giano, Randolph D. Hubach

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Few studies have examined the role adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have on specific diet patterns. This study assessed the association between ACEs and daily fruit and vegetable intake (FVI). Data were derived from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) which surveys 50 states and three U.S. territories. Participants who completed the ACEs module were included in the analyses (N = 106,967). Total ACEs included the summed responses from the domains of abuse, household challenges, and neglect. FVI was reported by number of times consumed per day. The two fruit items included fruit (fresh, frozen, and canned) and fruit …

Fountain Pen Story, Young B. Choi

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

Student Preferences For Reference Services At A Remote Biological Station Library, Thom Gerrish, Scott Martin

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

During the 2020 and 2021 summer semesters, the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) transitioned to hybrid classes that were primarily distance learning with two-week inperson sections. The library offered both synchronous and asynchronous reference assistance over the summer term. An analysis showed that students favored using the UMBS LibGuide over synchronous virtual reference help via Zoom. Students further preferred face-to-face interactions over virtual formats, and their preference for LibGuide assistance may carry into the post- COVID-19 classroom. This finding suggests that students prioritize convenience and immediacy over personalized assistance in the Zoom platform. Thus, in providing reference assistance to …

Creating Informed Learners In The Classroom, C Maybee, Michael Flierl, Rachel Fundator

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

In this interactive workshop, participants will develop strategies rooted in informed learning for partnering with disciplinary instructors in higher education courses to advance students’ information practices and learning. Informed learning is an approach to information literacy that describes how students may use information in situation-specific ways to learn (Bruce, 2008). Highlighting how information-focused learning activities are an integral part of the learning process, informed learning emphasizes the need for students to learn about using information at the same time they are learning about subject content. A curriculum design model for developing instruction grounded in informed learning, informed learning design supports …

Plasticulture Banana Pepper Response To Clomazone Applied Pretransplanting, Jeanine Arana, Stephen L. Meyers, Emmanuel Cooper, Luis F. Medina Castro, Josué Cerritos, Carlos A. López

Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture Faculty Publications

Few published studies exist documenting banana pepper tolerance to clomazone. Therefore, field trials were conducted in 2022 at two Indiana locations [Meigs Horticulture Research Farm and the Pinney Purdue Agricultural Center (PPAC)] to evaluate crop safety in plasticulture-grown banana pepper. The experimental design was a split-plot in which the main plot factor was the clomazone rate (0, 840, and 1,680 g ai ha–1) and the subplot factor was cultivar (‘Pageant’ and ‘Sweet Sunset’). Clomazone was applied over the top of black polyethylene mulch-covered raised beds and their respective bare-ground row middles 1 d prior to transplanting 12 pepper plants per …

걱정스러운 일, Chung Gil Lee

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

전쟁의 기원에 관한 블랙코미디적 성찰, Seung Suk Baik

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

The Cobra Effect, Semoon Chang

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

Applications Of Generative Ai Technologies As A Simulator In Cybersecurity, Young B. Choi

KAUPA Letters

As AI technologies continue to be applied in various domains, their application in education is becoming a globally significant issue. This paper aims to explore the implementation of Generative AI technologies as a simulator in teaching and learning within the on campus and online classroom settings with Cybersecurity example scenarios.

The Misuse And Abuse Of The Concept Of Civilization, Yeomin Yoon

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

Neural Mechanisms For The Localization Of Unexpected External Motion, Suma Chinta, Scott R. Pluta

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

To localize objects during active sensing, animals must differentiate stimuli caused by volitional movement from real-world object motion. To determine a neural basis for this ability, we examined the mouse superior colliculus (SC), which contains multiple egocentric maps of sensorimotor space. By placing mice in a whisker-guided virtual reality, we discovered a rapidly adapting tactile response that transiently emerged during externally generated gains in whisker contact. Responses to self-generated touch that matched self-generated history were significantly attenuated, revealing that transient response magnitude is controlled by sensorimotor predictions. The magnitude of the transient response gradually decreased with repetitions in external motion, …

Molecular Basis Of Manufacturing, Stephen Byrn, Kari Clase

The Proceedings of the BIRS Community

This paper describes the Biotechnology Innovation and Regulatory Science course named The Molecular Basis of Manufacturing. This course covers drug manufacture including excipients, basic formulation, basic DOE analysis, and analysis of the final drug product (typically tablets or capsules). Molecular interpretation of formulations is discussed. The modules in the course are described as well as other course materials including quizzes and discussion questions. This paper will assist with the development of course in this area throughout the entire world.

Cabozantinib And Il-27 Combinatorial Therapy For Bone-Metastatic Prostate Cancer, Shreya Kumar, Grace E. Mulia, Marxa L. Figueiredo

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among American men. Prostate tumor cells exhibit significant tropism for the bone and once metastasis occurs, survival rates fall significantly. Current treatment options are not curative and focus on symptom management. Immunotherapies are rapidly emerging as a possible therapeutic option for a variety of cancers including prostate cancer, however, variable patient response remains a concern. Chemotherapies, like cabozantinib, can have immune-priming effects which sensitize tumors to immunotherapies. Additionally, lower doses of chemotherapy can be used in this context which can reduce patient side effects. We hypothesized that a combination …

Early Childhood Education Language Environments: Considerations For Research And Practice, Jennifer Finders, Ella Wilson, Robert Duncan

Department of Human Development and Family Sciences Faculty Publications

The importance of developing early language and literacy skills is acknowledged by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as a global human rights issue. Indeed, research suggests that language abilities are foundational for a host of cognitive, behavioral, and social–emotional outcomes. Therefore, it is critical to provide experiences that foster language acquisition across early learning settings. Central to these efforts is incorporating assessments of language environments into research and practice to drive quality improvement. Yet, several barriers may be preventing language environment assessments from becoming widely integrated into early education. In this brief, we review evidence on …

“Neoliberal Diversity” At The University Of California, Merced: Hmong Students Creating Belonging And Building Community, May Kao Xiong

Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement

Neoliberalism impacts the implementation of diversity in higher education, consequently this affects the place and meaning of diversity as it relates to Hmong students. Within the neoliberal university, diversity is increasingly co-opted to stand for institutional inclusivity and implemented to silence critiques about the academic industrial complex. I consider and examine the interplay between “neoliberal diversity” and Hmong students’ experiences at the University of California, Merced (UC Merced). I use critical refugee scholar Yên Lê Espiritu’s (2014) refugee framework and Indigenous scholar Glen Coulthard’s (2014) self-recognition model to examine the Hmong Student Association. The data for this study is from …

Sib Hlub Sib Pab As Cultural Capital: Community Cultural Wealth, Radical Love, And A Hmoob Language Teacher’S Determination, Ariana Yang

Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement

This theoretical article examines a form of cultural capital, sib hlub sib pab as capital, that emerged out of my dissertation research with HMoob American teachers. Drawing on the structure of Yosso’s (2005) theory of community cultural wealth (CCW) and literature on radical love (Freire, 1970; hooks, 2003, 2006), this article outlines an alternative form of cultural capital: sib hlub sib pab as capital, which encompasses an obligation to community and relationality rooted in radical love. Although this is a primarily theoretical article, I provide an excerpt from an interview with a HMoob language teacher and her struggles with building …

Hmoob Eldership As Pedagogy: Reclaiming Hmoob Knowledge As Hmoob Education, Thong Vang

Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement

For centuries non-HMoob people and scholars have sought to label and define who HMoob people are, but this paper reclaims and repositions HMoob people as agentic and reinforces our people’s power to define themselves as we have for centuries. This paper also addresses problematic discourse about HMoob people and HMoob education, such as “peb HMoob tsis muaj kev kawm”1 or “peb tsis muaj kev txawj hab kev ntse le lwm paab lwm pawg.”2 Departing from such deficit discourse, this paper explores HMoob eldership as pedagogy as one way that HMoob people have valid knowledge systems. HMoob eldership as pedagogy examines …

Hmong Narratives As Testimony, Pa N. Vue

Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement

Refugees are often depicted in studies and popular media as helpless and in need of rescuing. In the song “Hmoob Zaj,” which was released on YouTube in 2019, Hmong rapper Shong Lee humanizes Hmong refugee experiences by sharing a story that has been “secreted” (M. Vang, 2021, p. 10) by the U.S. government. Through the public archiving of this story on YouTube, Lee presents what Espiritu (2014) calls an “oppositional narrative” (p. 163) that speaks back to the empire. He asserts a critical stance to challenge the dominant narrative, validate the experiential knowledge of Hmong people, contribute to Hmong collective …