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Articles 1021 - 1050 of 50072
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Properties Of Calcined Clay-Limestone Cement Concrete, Dayou Luo, Maria Juenger, Kimberly Kurtis, Kyle Riding, Peter Taylor, Kejin Wang
Properties Of Calcined Clay-Limestone Cement Concrete, Dayou Luo, Maria Juenger, Kimberly Kurtis, Kyle Riding, Peter Taylor, Kejin Wang
C3 Symposium 2025
Incorporating calcined clay (C) and limestone powder (L) into concrete effectively reduces carbon emissions. However, its application is mainly limited by commercial material variability, availability, and specifications. This study presents the properties of concrete made with Type IL cement, 30% C, and/or 15% L from commercially available sources across various U.S. regions. Results indicate that C extended setting time and reduced early-age strength and surface resistivity (SR) but enhanced both at later ages, while further addition of L lowered strength due to dilution effect, as expected. Overall, concrete properties are sufficient for implementation in construction.
Evaluating Fire Resistance Of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement-Based Lightweight Mortar: A Comparative Analysis Of Raw And Expanded Vermiculite, Jean Jacques Kouadjo Tchekwagep, Shifeng Huang
Evaluating Fire Resistance Of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement-Based Lightweight Mortar: A Comparative Analysis Of Raw And Expanded Vermiculite, Jean Jacques Kouadjo Tchekwagep, Shifeng Huang
C3 Symposium 2025
This study examined the impact of direct fire exposure on the engineering properties of calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) mortars with substitutions of vermiculite, either raw or expanded, at 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement ratios by volume. Specimens measuring 40x40x160 mm were cured for 28 days, dried, exposed to fire, and subsequently cooled. Various tests were conducted before and after exposure to evaluate the fire’s impact on the mortars. Results indicated that increasing the vermiculite content significantly diminished both compressive and flexural strength across all replacement levels, with reductions persisting after fire exposure. Additionally, thermal properties were notably affected; for instance, …
Enhanced Performance Of Reclaimed Concrete Slurry Waste In Cement Paste: Effect Of Early-Age Carbonation Curing, Jun Ren, Min Liu
Enhanced Performance Of Reclaimed Concrete Slurry Waste In Cement Paste: Effect Of Early-Age Carbonation Curing, Jun Ren, Min Liu
C3 Symposium 2025
Since early-age carbonation curing can effectively sequester CO2 while improving the properties of cementitious materials, it can be applied to solve the pore early age performance issue of cement substituted with recycled concrete slurry waste (RCSW). This paper, is therefore, aimed to investigate the feasibility of early-age carbonation curing in the cement paste replaced with different treated RCSW under different replacement ratios by testing its mechanical properties and calculating its environmental impact. The results indicated that the early compressive strength of the paste significantly improved by early-age carbonation curing. The addition of RCSW promoted the carbonation reaction in the cement …
Perovskite Materials For Photocatalytic Reduction Of Co2, Meraly D. Lopez Morales, Anna Benko, Petr Zilberman, Edith Luevano Hipolito, Konstantin Sobolev
Perovskite Materials For Photocatalytic Reduction Of Co2, Meraly D. Lopez Morales, Anna Benko, Petr Zilberman, Edith Luevano Hipolito, Konstantin Sobolev
C3 Symposium 2025
Perovskite photocatalysts have emerged as promising candidates for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction due to their outstanding light absorption properties, efficient charge separation, and tunable band structures. Reported research explored the pathways for optimization of the perovskite structures, surface modifications, and doping strategies to enhance the efficiency of CO2 conversion. This research was focused on translating laboratory synthesis into practical applications such as the use of perovskites as coatings on construction materials, improving the materials' resistance to environmental conditions and degradation over time and contribute to effective conversion of carbon dioxide into products with potential use. Further optimization of perovskite coatings …
Materials Processing Strategies For Valorizing Industrial Residues In Construction: Mechanical Separation, Co2 Mineralization, And Metal Recovery/Stabilization, Yixi Tian
C3 Symposium 2025
Building a roadmap for integrating processing strategies for waste valorization with potential across multi-categories of industrial residues (metallurgical slags/residues, power-plant ashes, and mine wastes) is an emerging trend. This roadmap [1] seeks to address common industry questions regarding the most suitable valorization approaches for different industrial residues generated in plants based on specific conditions. The effective strategies involve specific technologies such as mechanical separation, CO2 mineralization, and metal recovery/stabilization—all of which extend the value of industrial residues before they can be largely incorporated into construction applications, supporting waste digestion and reducing direct disposal. This talk discusses route competition, research needs, …
Carbon Sequestration Technology In Cement-Based Materials: A Review Of Mechanisms And Applications, Yingfang Fan, Lei Wang, Xiangming Zhou
Carbon Sequestration Technology In Cement-Based Materials: A Review Of Mechanisms And Applications, Yingfang Fan, Lei Wang, Xiangming Zhou
C3 Symposium 2025
Carbon sequestration technology is crucial for achieving the Net Zero climate target. Regarding carbon sequestration via concrete technology, it mainly involves two approaches: reacting natural ores or industrial waste with CO2 to incorporate them into concrete and ensuring stable CO2 storage throughout the concrete lifecycle. The basic mechanism relies on the formation of calcium carbonate through reactions between CO2 and calcium/magnesium components in concrete. This technology spans from raw material carbon capture to the entire production process, enhancing concrete performance by filling pores, improving interfacial bonding, and promoting CO2 mineralization. Factors influencing sequestration efficiency include material composition, particle size, reaction …
Performance Of Carbonated Low-Lime Calcium Silicate Composites Upon Exposure To Sea Water, Raikhan Tokpatayeva, Jan Olek
Performance Of Carbonated Low-Lime Calcium Silicate Composites Upon Exposure To Sea Water, Raikhan Tokpatayeva, Jan Olek
C3 Symposium 2025
This presentation compares the seawater resistance of carbonated mortar specimens made with a nonhydraulic calcium silicate cement and those made with Type I portland cement (OPC). Seawater resistance tests were conducted following procedures adapted from ASTM C1012, with all specimens exposed to artificial seawater prepared according to ASTM D1141-98 under three conditions: (a) room temperature (RT), (b) 60°C, and (c) deionized water (DI) as a reference. The study involved measuring length changes, visually assessing changes in specimen’s appearance, conducting microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), performing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and analyzing the chemical composition of the soak solution using …
Synergistic Effects Of Co2 Curing And Recovered Carbon Black Nano Additives On Early Age Performance Of Cementitious Composites, Aniya Edwards, Raikhan Tokpatayeva, Jan Olek, Mirian Velay-Lizancos
Synergistic Effects Of Co2 Curing And Recovered Carbon Black Nano Additives On Early Age Performance Of Cementitious Composites, Aniya Edwards, Raikhan Tokpatayeva, Jan Olek, Mirian Velay-Lizancos
C3 Symposium 2025
Both CO2 curing, a potential precast plant treatment, and nano-additives can enhance the strength and reduce the porosity of cementitious composites. However, their simultaneous application may lead to interactions that influence curing effectiveness, particularly as nanoparticles may alter the effectiveness of CO2 curing. This study investigates the combined effects of CO₂ curing and nanomodification on the early-age strengths of precast cementitious composites, given its importance for precast industry productivity. Mortar and paste batches incorporating recovered carbon black (rCB), a nanomaterial derived from recycled waste rubber, were prepared with 0% and 2% rCB by cement weight. Specimens form each mixture were …
Upcycling Incineration Ash In Reactive Magnesium Oxide Cement: Effects Of Carbonation, Padmaja Krishnan, Kemal Celik
Upcycling Incineration Ash In Reactive Magnesium Oxide Cement: Effects Of Carbonation, Padmaja Krishnan, Kemal Celik
C3 Symposium 2025
Over the past decade, increased economic activity and population growth have led to a rise in global waste generation. Current waste management strategies focus on enhancing waste collection, recycling, and converting waste into energy through incineration. While waste incineration effectively reduces both mass and volume, it generates substantial residuals, including fly ash and bottom ash, which pose significant management challenges. Despite the potential of incineration ash, large-scale utilization remains limited, typically confined to applications such as road sub-base materials, landfill stabilizers, and cement additives. The construction industry’s reliance on concrete has spurred research into using incineration ash, but challenges such …
Serpentine Activation And Co2 Mineralization: A Pathway To Sustainable Cementitious Materials, Shayan Gholami, Luis Baquerizo Ibarra, Hamed Maraghechi
Serpentine Activation And Co2 Mineralization: A Pathway To Sustainable Cementitious Materials, Shayan Gholami, Luis Baquerizo Ibarra, Hamed Maraghechi
C3 Symposium 2025
Serpentine, a naturally occurring magnesium-rich mineral, has a significant capacity to bind carbon dioxide (CO₂). This study explores the activation and CO₂ mineralization with serpentine, investigating its potential as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). The findings of this research could play a crucial role in assisting the cement industry in reducing its carbon footprint while promoting greater sustainability.
Utilization Of Fbc Ash Using A Mineral Carbonation, Jinyoung Yoon, Heejung Jun
Utilization Of Fbc Ash Using A Mineral Carbonation, Jinyoung Yoon, Heejung Jun
C3 Symposium 2025
This study evaluates indirect carbonation for CO₂ sequestration and high-purity CaCO3 production using FBC fly ash (HFA) and bottom ash (HBA). NH₄Cl extraction showed higher calcium recovery than DI water, with CaCO3 yields of 10.2 wt.% (HFA) and 8.4 wt.% (HBA). CO2 capture capacities were 45.0 kg and 36.8 kg per ton of ash. Vaterite formation occurred under low pH conditions. Carbonation residues had lower compressive strength but improved durability. This process supports sustainable waste management, circular economy principles, and CCUS by utilizing industrial by-products and generating high-purity CaCO3 for environmental and construction applications.
Using Co2-Embedded Coal And Mswi Fly Ashes As Sustainable Alternative Scms: A Feasibility Study, Muhammad Haris Javed, Wenyu Liao, Hongyan Ma
Using Co2-Embedded Coal And Mswi Fly Ashes As Sustainable Alternative Scms: A Feasibility Study, Muhammad Haris Javed, Wenyu Liao, Hongyan Ma
C3 Symposium 2025
This study explores using carbonated coal fly ash (CCFA) and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (CMFA) as supplementary cementitious materials. Carbonation treatment typically increase surface area and enable remarkable CO₂ uptake, with CMFA showing improved reactivity compared to uncarbonated ashes. Compressive strength tests revealed that CMFA outperformed uncarbonated MFA, while CCFA-incorporated mortar showed lower strength than uncarbonated counterpart. All blends consisting of Portland-limestone cement and carbonated ashes appear to meet the requirements of ASTM C1157. It suggests carbonated coal and MSWI fly ashes are viable alternative SCMs for sustainable concrete production.
Deep Decarbonization Of Uhpc Using Carbonated Steel Slag, Rui Zhong, Xing Cheng, Hongyan Ma
Deep Decarbonization Of Uhpc Using Carbonated Steel Slag, Rui Zhong, Xing Cheng, Hongyan Ma
C3 Symposium 2025
Electric arc furnace (EAF) slag was carbonated using an aqueous solution approach with a liquid-to-solid mass ratio of 10:1, under an environment of 99.9% purity CO2 and 2 bar pressure. The carbonated EAF was used to partially replace cement to develop low-carbon ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) binder. The compressive strength of UHPC binder was marginally reduced by less than 5% up to a substitution level of 50%, after which a significant reduction of 23.68% was observed.
Converting Olivine Into A Novel Mg-Based Cement For Carbon Sequestration, Jihui Qin, Xing Cheng, Hongyan Ma
Converting Olivine Into A Novel Mg-Based Cement For Carbon Sequestration, Jihui Qin, Xing Cheng, Hongyan Ma
C3 Symposium 2025
Natural Mg-rich olivine could potentially serve as a scalable feedstock for Mg-based cements with zero CO2 emissions. This study explores an innovative synthesis of a Mg-based cement by directly reacting olivine with oxalic acid (H2C2O4). The hydration behaviors and cementitious properties of olivine–oxalic acid blends are investigated, as a function of olivine-to-oxalic acid (OL/OA) weight ratio. Higher OL/OA ratio results in faster hydration, while the best compressive strength with up to 32 MPa is obtained at a moderate OL/OA ratio of 3.5 after 28 days. The obtained cements are composed of residual olivine minerals and a dense and compact glushinskite …
Mechano-Carbonation Of Mineral And Construction Waste Streams: Manufacturing High-Performance Cement Replacements Through Advanced Co2 Capture And Utilization, Matthew Hollingham, Jon Smith, Juan Pablo Gevaudan
Mechano-Carbonation Of Mineral And Construction Waste Streams: Manufacturing High-Performance Cement Replacements Through Advanced Co2 Capture And Utilization, Matthew Hollingham, Jon Smith, Juan Pablo Gevaudan
C3 Symposium 2025
SCM production is far from reaching the levels demanded by industry, with the US relying heavily on fly ash and slag imports to meet this requirement. To address this challenge, we have developed a novel method, referred here to as mechano-carbonation, that utilizes CO₂ during simultaneous milling to manufacture supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) from abundant volcanic rocks, namely basalt, as well as concrete waste. For basalt, this innovative process accelerates the natural formation of carbonic acid during processing, enabling the creation of pozzolanic silica gels that enhance the reactivity of basalt by 4.5-fold. This presentation will also demonstrate that the …
A Mathematical Model For Co2 Capture Via Mineral Carbonation Using Hydrated Lime, Natalia Vidal De La Peña, Grégoire Léonard, Dominique Toye
A Mathematical Model For Co2 Capture Via Mineral Carbonation Using Hydrated Lime, Natalia Vidal De La Peña, Grégoire Léonard, Dominique Toye
C3 Symposium 2025
The construction sector contributes to approximately 37% of global GHG emissions. To mitigate this impact, this study develops a mathematical model to analyze CO2 capture via hydrated lime carbonation. The model integrates reaction kinetics, diffusion and heat balance, considering the effects of liquid water saturation, the influence of porosity on diffusion and the heat generated by both the reaction and water evaporation. For a specific case, the carbonation front and temperature gradient along the reactor are analyzed. Then, the model is validated, demonstrating promising results for optimizing future carbonation processes.
In-Situ Stabilization Of Caco3 Polymorphs In Cementitious Systems, Yogiraj Sargam, Vishnu Chaudhari
In-Situ Stabilization Of Caco3 Polymorphs In Cementitious Systems, Yogiraj Sargam, Vishnu Chaudhari
C3 Symposium 2025
The technology of injecting CO2 in a cementitious system (concrete) during mixing has demonstrated scalability and significant potential. This process involves CO2 dissolving in water, releasing carbonate and bicarbonate ions that react with calcium ions from dissolving clinker and hydrate phases, leading to in-situ CaCO3 precipitation. This study examines CaCO3 formation pathways and explores stabilizing favourable polymorphs using additives. Cement paste samples were analyzed using FTIR and X-ray diffraction. Initial results suggest CaCO3 formation follows Ostwald's process. In early hydration (up to 6 hours), amorphous calcium carbonate and metastable crystalline polymorphs (vaterite and aragonite) form. These metastable forms then crystallize …
Proportioning And Curing Optimization Of Carbonated Calcium Silicate-Based Materials Via Machine Learning And Genetic Algorithm, Kangyi Cai, Hongyan Ma
Proportioning And Curing Optimization Of Carbonated Calcium Silicate-Based Materials Via Machine Learning And Genetic Algorithm, Kangyi Cai, Hongyan Ma
C3 Symposium 2025
Calcium silicate can react with CO2 in the presence of water to gain strength and thus can be both taken as an alternative binder and a carbon sink. A series of calcium silicates exists in industrial products and natural rocks with diverse material properties, implying its promising sustainable potential and yet foreseeable obstacles in quality control. To tackle that, a data-driven prediction-optimization computational framework was proposed based on a high-fidelity dataset of carbonated calcium silicate-based materials. Ensemble machine learning models were built based on the curated data for CO2 uptake and strength predictions. Pareto front searching was further conducted using …
Carbonated Industrial Waste By Co2 Mineralization As New Constituent For Cements, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Alessia Artale, Alessandro Allegri, Stefania Albonetti, Alessandro Dal Pozzo, Valentina Scognamiglio, Alberto Renato De Angelis, Roberto Millini
Carbonated Industrial Waste By Co2 Mineralization As New Constituent For Cements, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Alessia Artale, Alessandro Allegri, Stefania Albonetti, Alessandro Dal Pozzo, Valentina Scognamiglio, Alberto Renato De Angelis, Roberto Millini
C3 Symposium 2025
Carbonation of industrial waste by CO2 mineralization is a carbon capture solution that offers a way to reduce CO₂ emissions and improve waste management. In this study, carbonated waste from the ceramic industry is used in cementitious binders, reducing the carbon footprint of cement production. Mortars prepared with these binders have been tested for strength and physical properties. Preliminary results show that all formulations meet EN 197-1:2011 strength requirements, demonstrating that the carbonated product can reduce clinker content in cementitious binders without compromising their performances.
Wet-Carbonation Of Rcas For Improved Carbonation Efficiency And Mechanical Properties Of Carbonated Rcas And Rca Concrete, Xiang Zhao, Qingli Dai, Jiankai Xie
Wet-Carbonation Of Rcas For Improved Carbonation Efficiency And Mechanical Properties Of Carbonated Rcas And Rca Concrete, Xiang Zhao, Qingli Dai, Jiankai Xie
C3 Symposium 2025
The increasing volume of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) poses significant environmental challenges, making its effective management and treatment crucial. Recycled coarse aggregates (RCA), derived from C&DW, often exhibit weak interfacial transition zones (ITZ), high porosity, and micro-cracks due to residual mortar, limiting their structural performance [1] [2]. This study developed a novel wet carbonation process using glycine acid as an inducer to enhance the mechanical and durability properties of RCA and RCA concrete. Glycine acid, with carboxyl and amino functional groups, formed stable complexes with Ca²⁺ ions, increasing calcium solubility and accelerating carbonation[3]. The process promoted the formation of …
Experimental Study About Various Factors That Influence Quantitative Accuracy Of Co2 Content In Carbonated Cementitious Material, Kazuya Yamashita, Kazuto Tabara, Hiroyuki Kameda, Sho Yoshino
Experimental Study About Various Factors That Influence Quantitative Accuracy Of Co2 Content In Carbonated Cementitious Material, Kazuya Yamashita, Kazuto Tabara, Hiroyuki Kameda, Sho Yoshino
C3 Symposium 2025
We investigated a method to accurately quantify the amount of CO2 fixed in concrete. There are major measurement methods which have different sample decomposition process by acid (AC) and thermal decomposition (TC) method, and the type of CO2 which is able to be quantified is determined by the decomposition methods. Theoretically AC method can quantify only inorganic carbon in cementitious materials. On the other hand, CO2 content by TC method would be affected by organic and elemental carbon containing in the sample, because TC method cannot recognize those. In this study, we designed to compare the CO2 content of cement …
Aqueous Carbonation Of Recycled Concrete Fine Dust: Efficiency And Feasibility Analyses, Yuyan Huang, Hongyan Ma
Aqueous Carbonation Of Recycled Concrete Fine Dust: Efficiency And Feasibility Analyses, Yuyan Huang, Hongyan Ma
C3 Symposium 2025
This study investigates the potential of recycled concrete fine dust (RCD) as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material (SCM) and evaluates its carbonation efficiency through aqueous carbonation. By utilizing RCD, a waste byproduct of concrete demolition, the research aims to enhance the circularity of construction materials while reducing the carbon footprint of cementitious systems. The carbonation process was assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to identify phase assemblage evolutions and carbonation products. Results reveal that aqueous carbonation significantly enhances the formation of calcium carbonate phases. XRD confirmed the presence of carbonate phases, while TGA provided insights into the …
Change In Property Of Hardened Cement Specimens Having Different Mineral Composition Cured In High Concentration Co2 From The Very Early Material Age, Kazuto Tabara, Kazuya Yamashita, Hiroyuki Kameda, Shintaro Miyamoto
Change In Property Of Hardened Cement Specimens Having Different Mineral Composition Cured In High Concentration Co2 From The Very Early Material Age, Kazuto Tabara, Kazuya Yamashita, Hiroyuki Kameda, Shintaro Miyamoto
C3 Symposium 2025
We conducted research of CO2 capture behavior and rate of CO2 diffusion into hardened cement specimens of different pre-curing period before starting accelerating carbonation curing for ordinary portland cement (herein after OPC), OPC mixed with ground granulated blast furnace slag (herein after BB), and OPC mixed with an amorphous calcium aluminate-based accelerator (hereinafter ACC) respectively. We prepared two-type of hardened cement specimens, the first was in the case of powder shape hardened cement paste specimen which is designed to avoid carbon dioxide diffusion’s influence as much as possible and to evaluate fixation capacity of CO2, as a result CO2 content …
Aqueous Carbonation For Co2 Curing Of Construction Materials, Jae Hong Kim, Seongho Han, Yubin Jun
Aqueous Carbonation For Co2 Curing Of Construction Materials, Jae Hong Kim, Seongho Han, Yubin Jun
C3 Symposium 2025
This paper reviews CO2 curing process for construction materials, focusing on conventional and aqueous carbonation methods. While conventional CO2 curing utilizes gaseous CO2 to accelerate early-age strength development, aqueous carbonation introduces CO2-dissolved water as an advanced alternative. The latter approach, particularly when combined with amine solutions, offers improved application efficiency without requiring specialized curing chambers. The applications of aqueous carbonation extend beyond traditional curing to include surface treatment for enhanced durability, recycled aggregate strengthening, and geopolymer concrete production. These developments represent significant progress toward sustainable concrete production while contributing to carbon utilization in construction industry.
Experimental Study Of Mineral Carbonation Of High-Calcium Fly Ash: Co₂ Sequestration And Its Effect On Pozzolanic Reactivity, Farshad Rajabipour, Arslan Akbar, Abdullah Al Moman
Experimental Study Of Mineral Carbonation Of High-Calcium Fly Ash: Co₂ Sequestration And Its Effect On Pozzolanic Reactivity, Farshad Rajabipour, Arslan Akbar, Abdullah Al Moman
C3 Symposium 2025
Mineral carbonation of industrial wastes offers a sustainable approach to carbon sequestration and waste valorization. This study investigates the aqueous mineral carbonation of three high-calcium fly ashes under ambient conditions using recyclable sodium carbonate solutions. The effects of operational parameters, including liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), sodium carbonate concentration, and carbonation duration, were systematically analyzed using response surface modeling. A degree of carbonation (DOC) up to 52% was achieved within one hour under ambient conditions, with calcite (CaCO3) identified as the dominant product phase. Advanced characterization techniques revealed significant transformations in the physicochemical properties of carbonated fly ashes (CFAs), including increased particle …
Advances In Carbon Capture And Utilization For Production Of Binders And Aggregate, Hongyan Ma
Advances In Carbon Capture And Utilization For Production Of Binders And Aggregate, Hongyan Ma
C3 Symposium 2025
This paper examines various carbon capture and utilization strategies for the decarbonization of cement and concrete, including carbon mineralization and integrated CO2 capture and utilization for the production of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), alternative binders, and artificial aggregates, as well as other emerging solutions.
Effect Of Aragonite Aspect Ratio On The Hydration Behavior Of Cementitious Materials, Yutao Bi, Rui He, Na (Luna) Lu, Yining Feng
Effect Of Aragonite Aspect Ratio On The Hydration Behavior Of Cementitious Materials, Yutao Bi, Rui He, Na (Luna) Lu, Yining Feng
C3 Symposium 2025
The three polymorphs of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) affect cement hydration differently. Aragonite’s needle-like shape provides extra nucleation sites and accelerates hydration, but the effect of its aspect ratio is still unclear. This study investigates the influence of aragonite with different aspect ratios on the hydration behavior of cementitious materials. Aragonite with different aspect ratios was synthesized under laboratory conditions by adjusting solution concentrations and reaction parameters. The morphology and phase composition of the synthesized aragonite were characterized using electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized aragonite particles were used to replace 5% and 10% of OPC by weight …
Calcium Nitrate Effectively Mitigates Alkali-Silica Reaction By Surface Passivation Of Reactive Aggregates, Rui Xiao, Dale Prentice, Marie Collin, Magdalena Balonis, Erika La Plante, Mehrdad Torabzadegan, Torben Gadt, Gaurav Sant
Calcium Nitrate Effectively Mitigates Alkali-Silica Reaction By Surface Passivation Of Reactive Aggregates, Rui Xiao, Dale Prentice, Marie Collin, Magdalena Balonis, Erika La Plante, Mehrdad Torabzadegan, Torben Gadt, Gaurav Sant
C3 Symposium 2025
Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂, CN) has demonstrated strong potential as an additive to suppress alkali–silica reaction (ASR) in concrete. Its effectiveness is attributed to the formation of precipitates (i.e., barrier or passivation layer) that hinder the dissolution of reactive aggregates. This study investigates the ASR mitigation performance of CN across two cement types—ordinary Type I/II and Portland Limestone Cement (PLC)—in combination with aggregates of varying reactivity and several supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), including amorphous steel slag and both Class C and Class F fly ashes. Accelerated mortar bar tests, following ASTM C1260 and C1567, show that CN substantially reduces expansion in …
Agro-Waste Ash As An Alkaline Activator For Zero-Portland Cement Mortars, Ananya Markandeya, Somayeh Nassiri
Agro-Waste Ash As An Alkaline Activator For Zero-Portland Cement Mortars, Ananya Markandeya, Somayeh Nassiri
C3 Symposium 2025
Alkali-activated binders (AAB) are known for their reduced global warming potential compared to traditional portland cement-based binders. However, their adoption has been hindered by practical challenges such as high cost and causticity of activators, which limits their use in the field. This study explores an approach using biomass ash derived from agricultural waste, such as almond shells and hulls, as an activator to replace chemicals. Preliminary results indicate that AAB mortars activated with almond shells reach compressive strength comparable to carbonate-activated control and 30-40% higher than hydroxide-activated mortar. Paver blocks and concrete were prepared with compressive cylinder strengths over 30 …
Role Of Carbide Slag In The Preparation Of Low-Clinker Cement: Insight Into Hydration Kinetics And Microstructure, Muhammad Riaz Ahmad, Jian-Guo Dai
Role Of Carbide Slag In The Preparation Of Low-Clinker Cement: Insight Into Hydration Kinetics And Microstructure, Muhammad Riaz Ahmad, Jian-Guo Dai
C3 Symposium 2025
The potential to reduce clinker content in LC3 cement to up to 50% and below is promising, thanks to the synergistic effects of its constituents. However, lower clinker content can lead to challenges such as reduced pH due to significant consumption of precipitated CH, which may compromise durability and mechanical performance. Addressing these issues, we explore the use of carbide slag as an additional source of calcium hydroxide (CH) in LC3 with a clinker factor of 50% and below 50%. In overall, the addition of carbide slag produced positive results with a significant retainment of strength similar to reference LC3-50. …