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Bayesian Networks For Whole Building Level Fault Diagnosis And Isolation, Yimin Chen, Jin Wen, Taiyu Chen, Ojas Pradhan Jul 2018

Bayesian Networks For Whole Building Level Fault Diagnosis And Isolation, Yimin Chen, Jin Wen, Taiyu Chen, Ojas Pradhan

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Buildings consume more than 40% of primary energy in the U.S. and 57% of the energy usage in commercial and residential buildings are consumed by the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system.Malfunctioning sensors, components, and control systems, as well as degrading systems in HVAC and lighting systems are main reasons for energy waste and unsatisfactory indoor environment. In HVAC systems, faults occur in one component or equipmentcan also cause abnormality in other subsystems because of the coupling among different subsystems. Therefore, whole building level fault diagnosis methods is critical to locate fault root cause and isolate the fault. Bayesian …

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Rule Based Control Strategies Of Thermal Storage In Residential Heating Systems With Air-Source Heat Pump And Photovoltaic Panels, Elena Bee, Alessandro Prada, Paolo Baggio Jul 2018

Rule Based Control Strategies Of Thermal Storage In Residential Heating Systems With Air-Source Heat Pump And Photovoltaic Panels, Elena Bee, Alessandro Prada, Paolo Baggio

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Motivation: The use of vapor-compression heat pumps for space heating and domestic hot water preparation can help to improve the flexibility of the electric power generation from solar source and to reduce its impact on the grid, by increasing self-consumption from PV systems and the autonomy of the household. However, achieving this goal requires to improve demand management strategies. To this regard, it is necessary to control the load by planning it, when it is possible (e.g. appliances programming) or by shifting it to different intervals of time (using storage systems). Electric storage with batteries and thermal storage with water …

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On The Enhanced Acoustic Design Of The Indoor Environments: Correspondence Of Perceptual Quantities Between Real And Simulated Sound Fields, Chiara Visentin, Nicola Prodi, Francesca Cappelletti, Simone Torresin, Andrea Gasparella Jul 2018

On The Enhanced Acoustic Design Of The Indoor Environments: Correspondence Of Perceptual Quantities Between Real And Simulated Sound Fields, Chiara Visentin, Nicola Prodi, Francesca Cappelletti, Simone Torresin, Andrea Gasparella

International High Performance Buildings Conference

In the design of indoor spaces where speech communication takes on a central role (e.g., classrooms, conference rooms…), the influence of the sound environment on the occupants’ performance needs to be addressed. In order to guarantee a comfortable communication experience, the acoustic design of such spaces have to ensure, beside a high percentage of correctly heard words (i.e., intelligibility), also a minimal effort in the speech reception process. An effortful listening, as produced for instance by the presence of background noise and/or reverberation, requires the involvement of an increased amount of cognitive resources, and, if sustained over a prolonged period …

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Study On Thermal Comfort For University Classrooms In Pre- Heating Season In Xi'an, Xian Yang, Jialu Liu, Xiangzhao Meng, Yanhua Liu Jul 2018

Study On Thermal Comfort For University Classrooms In Pre- Heating Season In Xi'an, Xian Yang, Jialu Liu, Xiangzhao Meng, Yanhua Liu

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Thermal comfort of students in university classrooms during transition season in Xi'an, before heating, is studied. Indoor thermal environment parameters and outdoor weather parameters of seven typical classrooms in a university campus in Xi'an were measured. At the same time, the subjective questionnaires were used to know students' satisfaction and expectation with various environmental factors. 992 valid questionnaires were received. Based on the data collected, the thermal comfort of occupants in classroom was discussed and a thermal comfort adaptive model was established. The results show that the range of thermal comfort acceptable to students is broader than that defined in …

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State Observer For Optimal Control Using White-Box Building Models, Iago Cupeiro Figueroa, Ján Drgoňa, Mohammad Abdollahpouri, Damien Picard, Lieve Helsen Jul 2018

State Observer For Optimal Control Using White-Box Building Models, Iago Cupeiro Figueroa, Ján Drgoňa, Mohammad Abdollahpouri, Damien Picard, Lieve Helsen

International High Performance Buildings Conference

In order to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, optimal control strategies, such as model predictive control (MPC), have proven to be potential techniques for intelligent operation of energy systems in buildings. However, in order to perform well, MPC needs an accurate controller model of the building to make correct predictions of the building thermal needs (feedforward) and the algorithm should ideally use measurement data to update the model to the actual state of the building (feedback). In this paper, a white-box approach is used to develop the controller model for an office building, leading to a model with more …

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Energy Optimization Of An In-Service Commercial Building Chiller Plant Via Extremum Seeking Control, Hoang Dung Vu, Bryan David Keating, Andrew George Alleyne, Kok Soon Chai, Zhenjie Zhang Jul 2018

Energy Optimization Of An In-Service Commercial Building Chiller Plant Via Extremum Seeking Control, Hoang Dung Vu, Bryan David Keating, Andrew George Alleyne, Kok Soon Chai, Zhenjie Zhang

International High Performance Buildings Conference

In the last 30 years, research into energy optimization via supervisory control of building chiller plants has yielded promising approaches ranging from detailed physics model based optimization to data based or model free optimization. In general, while physics based models tend to require domain expertise and significant calibration effort for implementation, data based and model free approaches require less calibration effort but may be risky to implement due to concerns about robustness to normal variations in environmental conditions and changes to the number of chillers in operation. This paper focuses on rigorous experimental evaluation and verification of model free extremum …

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Design Energy Flexibility For Italian Residential Buildings, Alice Mugnini, Fabio Polonara, Alessia Arteconi Jul 2018

Design Energy Flexibility For Italian Residential Buildings, Alice Mugnini, Fabio Polonara, Alessia Arteconi

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Having energy flexible buildings is a very important aspect to enable the application of smart demand side management strategies (DSM). DSM is getting more and more relevance in energy systems planning and operation due to the overall increasing energy demand. An energy flexible building is intended to be able to change, in a planned manner, the shape of its energy demand curve, electrical and thermal, while the comfort of the end-users is still guaranteed. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology that allows to classify buildings according to their potential to provide energy flexibility on the basis …

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Detailed Monitoring Analysis Of Two Residential Nzebs With A Ground-Water Heat Pump With Desuperheater, Georgios Dermentzis, Fabian Ochs Jul 2018

Detailed Monitoring Analysis Of Two Residential Nzebs With A Ground-Water Heat Pump With Desuperheater, Georgios Dermentzis, Fabian Ochs

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Two new, residential, and high performance buildings were constructed according to Passive House standard in Innsbruck, Austria (with cold winters and mild summers). The two multi-family houses consist of 26 apartments - 16 in the north and 10 in the south building. The goal of the project was to achieve net zero energy building (NZEB) standard, which was defined in this project as the annual balance between the electricity consumed for heating and ventilation (excluding household appliances), and the electricity produced by renewable sources. Thus, a heat pump, solar thermal collectors, photovoltaics (PV) and ventilation units were installed. The two …

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Experimental Verification Of Indirect Evaporative Cooling-Assisted Internally Cooled Liquid Desiccant Dehumidifier, Joon-Young Park, Jae-Weon Jeong Jul 2018

Experimental Verification Of Indirect Evaporative Cooling-Assisted Internally Cooled Liquid Desiccant Dehumidifier, Joon-Young Park, Jae-Weon Jeong

International High Performance Buildings Conference

The main objective of this paper is to estimate the system performance of an evaporative cooling assisted outdoor air system for air conditioning a data center. To evaluate the computer room air conditioning (CRAC) system used evaporative cooling technology, a mock-up for evaporative cooling assisted outdoor air system was designed. The feasibility of the evaporative cooling assisted outdoor air system is analysed by experimental test for a modular data center in Anseong, Korea. A mock-up system is designed by 43,000 m3/h of design fan flow, 160kW of the cooling capacity for air conditioning a data center. A design condition for …

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The Acceptability Of Different Types Of Evaporative Cooling System Across India, V. Venkateswara Rao, Santanu Prasad Datta Jul 2018

The Acceptability Of Different Types Of Evaporative Cooling System Across India, V. Venkateswara Rao, Santanu Prasad Datta

International High Performance Buildings Conference

In present days, building energy consumption for cooling and heating purposes accounts for about 40% of entire energy consumption. The conventional air conditioning system based on vapour compression cycle is energy intensive and influences the environment through leakage of hydrofluorocarbons significantly. Even the widely used R134a has a global warming potential of 1300. Therefore, there is an immediate need for development of energy efficient air conditioning systems and it is required to develop systems limiting the usage of synthetic refrigerants. It is a well known fact that evaporative cooling mechanism is natural, eco-friendly and involves minimal energy consumption for air …

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Towards Real Mpc Implementation In An Office Building Using Taco, Filip Jorissen, Damien Picard, Iago Cupeiro Figueroa, Wim Boydens, Lieve Helsen Jul 2018

Towards Real Mpc Implementation In An Office Building Using Taco, Filip Jorissen, Damien Picard, Iago Cupeiro Figueroa, Wim Boydens, Lieve Helsen

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Model predictive control (MPC) is a promising alternative to rule-based control since it is more suitable to control increasingly complex buildings and thereby realising energy savings and comfort improvement. Practical implementations are however hampered by the complexity of MPC and the expertise required for developing MPC. Therefore, a toolchain for automated control and optimization (TACO) has been developed that automatically translates an object-oriented Modelica model into an efficient MPC code. Since object-oriented models from the Modelica IDEAS library are used, the expertise requirement and development time are reduced significantly. TACO has, however, not yet been applied to a real building …

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A Simplified Regression Building Thermal Model Of Detached Two-Floor House In U.S. For Virtual Energy Storage Control, Borui Cui, Jin Dong, Jeffrey Munk, Ning Mao, Teja Kuruganti Jul 2018

A Simplified Regression Building Thermal Model Of Detached Two-Floor House In U.S. For Virtual Energy Storage Control, Borui Cui, Jin Dong, Jeffrey Munk, Ning Mao, Teja Kuruganti

International High Performance Buildings Conference

The residential building sector accounts for approximately 37% of total U.S. electricity consumption. Within the residential building sector, heating and cooling is the main target for peak load shifting/reduction since it is the largest contributor to peak demand. In fact, the flexibility of residential HVAC loads can provide continuous variation of demand to provide grid services. Such load can be taken as virtual energy storage (VES) resources by varying their demand over a baseline so that they appear to be providing the same service as electrical battery energy storage to the grid. The performance of HVAC load control to provide …

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Simultaneous Identification Of Linear Building Dynamic Model And Disturbance Using Sparsity-Promoting Optimization, Tingting Zeng, Jonathan Brooks, Prabir Barooah Jul 2018

Simultaneous Identification Of Linear Building Dynamic Model And Disturbance Using Sparsity-Promoting Optimization, Tingting Zeng, Jonathan Brooks, Prabir Barooah

International High Performance Buildings Conference

A dynamic model of a building's temperature is necessary for model-based control of building HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems. Due to the complexity of thermal dynamics, system identification from data is considered advantageous, from which a particular challenge may arise: temperature is affected by large, unknown disturbances, especially the cooling load induced by the occupants. Many system identification methods ignore these disturbances, which can produce highly erroneous results, or use a specialized test building to measure the occupant induced load. In this paper we propose a method that simultaneously identifies a dynamic model of a building's temperature in …

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A Python-Based Toolbox For Model Predictive Control Applied To Buildings, Javier Arroyo, Bram Van Der Heijde, Alfred Spiessens, Lieve Helsen Jul 2018

A Python-Based Toolbox For Model Predictive Control Applied To Buildings, Javier Arroyo, Bram Van Der Heijde, Alfred Spiessens, Lieve Helsen

International High Performance Buildings Conference

A PYTHON-BASED TOOLBOX FOR MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL APPLIED TO BUILDINGS Javier Arroyoa,b, Bram van der Heijdea,b,c, Lieve Helsena,b, Alfred Spiessensb,c a University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Leuven, Belgium b EnergyVille, Thor Park, Waterschei, Belgium c VITO NV, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium The use of Model Predictive Control (MPC) in Building Management Systems (BMS) has proven to outperform the traditional Rule-Based Controllers (RBC). These optimal controllers are able to minimize the energy use within buildings by taking into account the weather forecast and occupancy profiles. To this end, they anticipate the dynamic behaviour based on a mathematical …

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A Study Of Virtual Energy Storage From Thermostatically Controlled Loads Under Time-Varying Weather Conditions, Austin Robert Coffman, Ana Bušić, Prabir Barooah Jul 2018

A Study Of Virtual Energy Storage From Thermostatically Controlled Loads Under Time-Varying Weather Conditions, Austin Robert Coffman, Ana Bušić, Prabir Barooah

International High Performance Buildings Conference

We study the problem of coordination of a collection of on/off thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) to act as a “virtual battery”. Virtual Energy Storage (VES) is provided by the collection by either consuming more (charging) or less (discharging) power than the baseline. VES can be an inexpensive alternative to batteries when a large share of the electricity comes from volatile sources such as solar and wind. The level of charging or discharging is dictated by an exogenous power reference signal provided by a balancing authority. In practice, there are many challenges for successful implementation of a virtual battery from a …

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A Control-Oriented Dynamic Model Of Air Flow In A Single Duct Hvac System, Roshan Raisoni, Naren Srivaths Raman, Prabir Barooah, Jeffrey D. Munk, Piljae Im Jul 2018

A Control-Oriented Dynamic Model Of Air Flow In A Single Duct Hvac System, Roshan Raisoni, Naren Srivaths Raman, Prabir Barooah, Jeffrey D. Munk, Piljae Im

International High Performance Buildings Conference

A model of a variable air volume (VAV) system is developed that can predict air flow rates, fan pressure rise, and fan power consumption in response to changes in fan speed and damper positions. The system consists of a fan, ductwork, and a number of dampers, one in each VAV box. The model can be used for conducting simulation studies of how advanced control algorithms that seek to provide various services (energy efficiency, personalized comfort, and demand-side flexibility to the grid) may behave when deployed in a building with an existing climate control system, or to do model-based control computations …

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Comparison Of Effect Of Office Level And Individual Equipment Diversity Factor On Load Factor Calculation, Omer Sarfraz, Christian Bach Jul 2018

Comparison Of Effect Of Office Level And Individual Equipment Diversity Factor On Load Factor Calculation, Omer Sarfraz, Christian Bach

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Plug loads are one of the main contributors to the overall energy consumption in most office buildings. The plug and miscellaneous loads account up to 50% of the energy consumption in buildings (NBI, 2012). ASHRAE Fundamentals handbook (2017) provides power consumption data for various office equipment and load factor data for various office spaces. Load factors for different office types in the 2017 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook are conservative values based on equipment peak power consumption and diversity factor values. The individual equipment diversity factor provided in the Handbook is used to calculate the load factors. However, no data is provided …

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Optimization Method For The Chiller Plant Of Central Air-Conditioning System Parameters On Association Rules Analysis For Energy Conservation, Xuan Zhou, Bingwen Wang, Liequan Liang, Junwei Yan, Dongmei Pan Jul 2018

Optimization Method For The Chiller Plant Of Central Air-Conditioning System Parameters On Association Rules Analysis For Energy Conservation, Xuan Zhou, Bingwen Wang, Liequan Liang, Junwei Yan, Dongmei Pan

International High Performance Buildings Conference

More than 50% of the total energy consumption of central air-conditioning system is consumed by the central cooling plants. It is crucial to optimize central cooling plants operation parameter settings which is also significant for improving its operating efficiency, reducing the energy consumption, and promoting the overall energy saving of air-conditioning systems. The regular methods of central cooling plants optimization can be divided into three categories: engineering method, mechanism modeling and artificial intelligence modeling. In recent years, with the development of the internet of things, the monitoring and control platform for air-conditioning system provides data mining with mass ground truth …

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Integrated Control Of Multi-Zone Buildings With Ventilation And Vrf Systems In Cooling Mode, Christopher R. Laughman, Hongtao Qiao, Scott A. Bortoff Jul 2018

Integrated Control Of Multi-Zone Buildings With Ventilation And Vrf Systems In Cooling Mode, Christopher R. Laughman, Hongtao Qiao, Scott A. Bortoff

International High Performance Buildings Conference

The accelerating decarbonization of energy systems to address climate change and the increasing recognition of the role that buildings play in occupants' health have served to further emphasize two long-standing trends in the buildings and HVAC industries: the pursuit of ever-higher energy efficiency for buildings, and the proper management of the overall indoor environment. These two objectives, which are often at odds, are becoming ever more linked due to the emergence of new practices in the buildings industry that require both reductions in energy intensity and the improved management of temperature, humidity, and ventilation. In seeking to improve thermal comfort …

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Performance Evaluation Of Thermally Activated Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum Building Equipped With Desiccant System, Sakthi Muruganantham N, Dharmasastha K, Gurubalan A, Saravanan R, Maiya M.P. Jul 2018

Performance Evaluation Of Thermally Activated Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum Building Equipped With Desiccant System, Sakthi Muruganantham N, Dharmasastha K, Gurubalan A, Saravanan R, Maiya M.P.

International High Performance Buildings Conference

According to International Energy Outlook 2017, the energy consumption of the building sector is expected to increase by 32% from 2015 to 2040. This is due to the accelerating demand for mechanical air conditioning system for maintaining the indoor comfort conditions and high embodied energy of the conventional building materials. Many solutions are proposed globally to address these problems. Thermally Activated Building System (TABS) is one such energy efficient alternative to the conventional mechanical air conditioning system for providing the desirable indoor comfort conditions. In TABS, copper pipes are embedded in its building structures namely ceiling, floor and walls. Chilled …

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Classification Of European Climates For Building Energy Simulation Analyses, Giovanni Pernigotto, Andrea Gasparella Jul 2018

Classification Of European Climates For Building Energy Simulation Analyses, Giovanni Pernigotto, Andrea Gasparella

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Several studies couple simulations of building systems and statistical techniques in order to draw findings which can be generalized under given constraints. To this extent, one of the most important inputs to deal with is climatic conditions: indeed, the weather data and the localities chosen for the analysis can seriously affect the representativeness of the simulation outcome with respect to other regions. Nevertheless, the first question we should answer regards the domain to which one or few reference climates should be representative. As a common practice, national guidelines, heating and cooling degree-days scales and worldwide recognized climatic classifications are adopted. …

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An Efficient Global Optimization Scheme For Building Energy Simulation Based On Linear Radial Basis Function, Alessandro Prada, Andrea Gasparella, Paolo Baggio Jul 2018

An Efficient Global Optimization Scheme For Building Energy Simulation Based On Linear Radial Basis Function, Alessandro Prada, Andrea Gasparella, Paolo Baggio

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Motivation: The building performance optimization is considerably increasing since the design goals are moving from the solely energy saving target to the optimization of the overall performances, cost and sustainability objectives. The evolutionary algorithms coupled with building simulation codes are often used in academic researches, however, they are limited applied in actual building design. Indeed, the high number of expensive simulation runs required by evolutionary algorithms strongly limits their suitability for the professional practice. For this reason, an efficient optimization scheme is essential for the diffusion of the building performance optimization tools outside the academic world. What was done: The …

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Optimal Dispatch Controller For Fuel Cell Integrated Building, Yashen Lin, Dustin Mclarty, Annabelle Pratt, Brian Ball, Gregor Henze, Genevieve Saur Jul 2018

Optimal Dispatch Controller For Fuel Cell Integrated Building, Yashen Lin, Dustin Mclarty, Annabelle Pratt, Brian Ball, Gregor Henze, Genevieve Saur

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Buildings contribute to around 40% of the total energy consumption in the US. Improvements to building operation offer substantial economic benefits and emissions reductions. Opportunities arise as more renewable energy sources are integrated into the power grid, where the inherent flexibility that buildings can provide become valuable assets for grid services. Stationary fuel cells providing combined heat and power (CHP) add more flexibility to building operation, where both significant electrical and thermal loads need to be met. As the technology matures, improved fuel cell responsiveness allows for advanced dynamic applications to maximize their utility within the building system. The integration …

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Energy Efficiency Of Seasonal Solar Thermal Energy Storage System For Greenhouse Heating, Yoo-Suk Byon, Jae-Weon Jeong Jul 2018

Energy Efficiency Of Seasonal Solar Thermal Energy Storage System For Greenhouse Heating, Yoo-Suk Byon, Jae-Weon Jeong

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage (STES) is widely researched for having benefits in that it utilizes excess energy which would be wasted otherwise. The purpose of this study is to analyze energy efficiency of seasonal solar thermal energy system as heating system for greenhouses and compare it with conventional variable air volume (VAV) heating system. Greenhouse was chosen as a simulation model because it requires constant and stable heating through winter season to extend growing season and also because greenhouse can provide enough area to install solar collectors and heat storage tanks. The proposed seasonal solar thermal energy storage system consists …

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Model Predictive Control Of Inverter Air Conditioners Responding To Real-Time Electricity Prices In Smart Grids, Maomao Hu, Fu Xiao Jul 2018

Model Predictive Control Of Inverter Air Conditioners Responding To Real-Time Electricity Prices In Smart Grids, Maomao Hu, Fu Xiao

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Real-time electricity prices provide great opportunities for residential consumers to participate in demand response (DR) programs in smart grids. One of the biggest challenges faced by the DR program participants are the lack of advanced DR-enabled residential appliances which can automatically respond to real-time electricity prices, especially the lack of DR-enabled air conditioners which are the major contributors to electricity bills. In this paper, we aim to use model predictive control (MPC) techniques to control the inverter air conditioners. Instead of simply adjusting temperature set-points in the conventional DR control strategies, the MPC controllers are used to directly control the …

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Evaluating Recharge Options For Phase Change Material Storage Of A Personal Conditioning System, Rohit Dhumane, Yiyuan Qiao, Jan Muehlbauer, Jiazhen Ling, Vikrant Aute, Yunho Hwang Jul 2018

Evaluating Recharge Options For Phase Change Material Storage Of A Personal Conditioning System, Rohit Dhumane, Yiyuan Qiao, Jan Muehlbauer, Jiazhen Ling, Vikrant Aute, Yunho Hwang

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Buildings consume about two-fifths of the primary energy in the United States with space heating and cooling taking up one-third of that fraction. Global warming and the associated climate changes have necessitated a rethinking of our energy consumption patterns. Roving Comforter (RoCo) is one such technology being developed with this objective. It enables buildings to save 10-30% of HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning) loads by enabling elevation of temperature set-points without compromising occupant comfort. The cooling operation involves an R134a vapor compression cycle operation, which stores the condenser heat into a phase change material (PCM) based thermal storage. Previous …

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Large Scale Optimization Problems For Central Energy Facilities With Distributed Energy Storage, Michael J. Wenzel, Mohammad N. Elbsat, Matthew J. Ellis, Matthew J. Asmus, Andrew J. Przybylski, Ryan Baumgartner, John H. Burroughs, Graeme Willmott, Kirk H. Drees, Robert D. Turney Jul 2018

Large Scale Optimization Problems For Central Energy Facilities With Distributed Energy Storage, Michael J. Wenzel, Mohammad N. Elbsat, Matthew J. Ellis, Matthew J. Asmus, Andrew J. Przybylski, Ryan Baumgartner, John H. Burroughs, Graeme Willmott, Kirk H. Drees, Robert D. Turney

International High Performance Buildings Conference

On large campuses, energy facilities are used to serve the heating and cooling needs of all the buildings, while utilizing cost savings strategies to manage operational cost. Strategies range from shifting loads to participating in utility programs that offer payouts. Among available strategies are central plant optimization, electrical energy storage, participation in utility demand response programs, and manipulating the temperature setpoints in the campus buildings. However, simultaneously optimizing all of the central plant assets, temperature setpoints and participation in utility programs can be a daunting task even for a powerful computer if the desire is real time control. These strategies …

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Using Hvac Systems For Providing Power Grid Ancillary Services, Jie Cai, James E. Braun Jul 2018

Using Hvac Systems For Providing Power Grid Ancillary Services, Jie Cai, James E. Braun

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Real-time power supply and demand balances are critical to ensure stable power frequency and quality power services. However, the growing integration of renewable energy increasingly challenges the power infrastructure because most of the renewable resources, e.g., solar and wind energy, are intermittent and difficult to predict. To meet the stringent power frequency requirements, more fast reacting frequency regulation resources are being brought online among which grid-level batteries are the dominant ones. Although batteries can provide fast and high quality regulation services, they suffer from high initial cost, high environmental impact and round-trip efficiency loss. When providing fast frequency regulation services, …

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Apply Active Learning In Short-Term Data-Driven Building Energy Modeling, Liang Zhang, Jin Wen Jul 2018

Apply Active Learning In Short-Term Data-Driven Building Energy Modeling, Liang Zhang, Jin Wen

International High Performance Buildings Conference

In the United States, the buildings sector accounted for about 41% of primary energy consumption. Building control and operation strategies have a great impact on building energy efficiency and the development of building-grid integration. For better building control, and for buildings to be better integrated with the grid operation, high fidelity building energy forecasting model that can be used for short-term and real-time operation is in great need. With the wide adoption of building automation system (BAS) and Internet of things (IoT), massive measurements from sensors and other sources are continuously collected which provide data on equipment and building operations. …

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Performance Modeling Of A Novel “Smart” Magnetic Particle-Embedded Pcm Layer For Thermal Management Systems, Mingkan Zhang, Kashif Nawaz Jul 2018

Performance Modeling Of A Novel “Smart” Magnetic Particle-Embedded Pcm Layer For Thermal Management Systems, Mingkan Zhang, Kashif Nawaz

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Developing stable and environmentally friendly phase change materials (PCM) has been an active area of research due to many applications, such as industrial energy storage system, cooling/heating applications in buildings, and thermal management for electronics equipment as well as for batteries and photovoltaic modules. However, previous studies confirmed that most PCMs suffer a serious disadvantage of low thermal conductivity. A novel design of PCM layer is investigated here for thermal management application. The novel PCM layer is comprised of a PCM and magnetic particles coated on the shell. When a magnetic field is applied in the thermal management system, due …

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