Digital Commons Network^™

Traffic Speed Report No. 100 : Interim Report, Graham S. Toft, George K. Stafford

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

A Laboratory Evaluation Of The Influence Of Crushed Stone, Aggregate Top Size And Binder Type On Aetm Properties, Bradley V. Saxton

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Frost Heaving Rate Of Silty Soils As A Function Of Pore Size Distribution : Interim Report, Michael Allen Reed

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Application Of The Utcs-1 Network Simulation Model To Select Optimal Signal Timings In A Multi-Linear Street System : Interim Report, Raymond N. Carini

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Computerized Slope Stability Analysis For Indiana Highways, Vol. Ii: Stabl2 Program, Eva Boutrup

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Stress-Deformation And Strength Characteristics Of A Compacted Shale : Interim Report, Russell Aubrey Abeyesekera

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Examination Of The Variability Of The Soaked Strength Of A Laboratory Compacted Clay : Interim Report, James C. Scott

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Studies On Cement Paste And Concrete Both Made With Low Porosity Cement, Carlos Gomez-Toledo

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Computerized Slope Stability Analysis For Indiana Highways, Vol. I, Eva Boutrup

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Pavement Skid Resistance On Wet Pavement Accidents In Indiana, Jonathan Lenard Levy

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

A Low-Cost Maintenance Program For Indiana Roadsides : Final Summary Report, D. James Morré

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Traffic Speed Report No. 101 : Interim Report, Graham S. Toft, George K. Stafford

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Traffic Speed Report No. 103 : Interim Report, James Robert Mekemson, George K. Stafford

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

A Practical Method For Correcting Bidirectional Reflectance Variations, Dwight D. Egbert

LARS Symposia

The purpose of the investigation described here was to analyze angular bidirectional reflectance variations and test the hypothesis that first order variations could be described from a consideration of shadows created by surface perturbations. The results reported here demonstrate the validity of this approach, and while it is not suitable for calculating absolute spectral reflectance characteristics, the development of such a model was not the objective of the investigation since other models already exist for these calculations. Instead, a model was needed which can make relative angular corrections to bidirectional reflectance measurements independent of the details of surface geometry. The …

Echo User's Guide, J. L. Kast, P. H. Swain, B. J. Davis, P. W. Spencer

LARS Technical Reports

Over the past several years, the ECHO classifiers have been developed to incorporate spatial as well as spectral information into the classifier decision criteria. This document contains a comprehensive description of the functional organization of the supervised and the nonsupervised ECHO processes, the manner in for individuals who intend to make use of the ECHO classifiers, although it is also of value to those wanting to understand of implement the ECHO algorithms.

Temporal Correlatability Of Digital Thermal Infrared Scanner Data, Edmund H. Conrow, Bennett Basore

LARS Symposia

A southeast California test area was scanned on four day and three night passes between January and June to obtain NOAA-3 satellite VHRR thermal IR digital data. The data was temperature converted, atmospheric corrected and geometrically registered to a UTM standard projection for use in day/day, day/ night and night/night comparisons. Point-by- point differencing and cross-correlation algorithms were utilized to determine the effect of diurnal, seasonal and meteorological factors on the site's thermal signature.

From the correlation coefficients determined by differencing (presumably perfectly registered) the data sets were neither highly correlated nor statistically independent of each other. A lower degree …

Data Base Concepts For System Analysis, Thomas I. M. Ho

Department of Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

A Multiband Remote Sensing Study Of Melting Shorefast Sea Ice, Richard E. Moritz, Luis A. Bartolucci

LARS Symposia

Near-shore waters along Alaska's Beaufort sea coast are covered by shorefast sea ice 9 to 10 months each year, and by April the fast ice extends 10 to 50 km seaward along the coast. Recent scientific interest in sea ice dynamics (Maykut et al., 1972) and the prospects for offshore petroleum development in the region (Clark, 1976) highlight the need for a better understanding of the behavior and characteristics of shorefast sea ice.

The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate computer-aided analysis techniques as applied to LANDSAT MSS digital data from melting shorefast sea ice, and 2) to …

The Maximum Likelihood Estimation Of Signature Transformation (Mlest) Algorithm, S. G. Thadani

LARS Symposia

The original concept of the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE) called for the extensive use of signature extension (i.e., the ability to use statistics "learned" from a given LACIE training segment to classify data from one or more LACIE recognition segments located in the same general crop growing region). The signature extension effort was generally unsuccessful because of the existence of significant differences between the training and recognition segment wheat/nonwheat signatures. These differences are caused primarily by atmospheric factors such as differences in Sun elevation and haze levels over the training and recognition segments and by target-related factors such …

A Remote Sensing System For A Nationwide Data-Bank, H. Dell Foster, Jacob Bos, William C. Richie

LARS Symposia

Our present-day society is rapidly changing and these changes are directly impacting the map-making industry. Present-day maps became obsolete as soon as they are completed because of population increases, agricultural trends, energy production, and general land-use changes which alter the appearance & the land.

It is clear that maps of today will, in a not too distant future, have only historical and pictorial value just like the medieval maps of the 16th and 17th centuries.

In the present-day design of resource development schemes, the essential problem for each country is the skillful management and utilization of all available assets---human and …

Landsat Image Analysis For Terrain Investigations, B. E. Ruth, R. L. Ferguson, H. K. Brooks

LARS Symposia

A study was conducted to evaluate terrain conditions in the vicinity of Daytona Beach, Florida to facilitate selection of suitable landfill sites. LANDSAT computer compatible tapes (CCT's) were analyzed using various techniques available on the General Electric IMAGE 100 system. Atmospheric haze correction was performed by normalizing the hazy images to a standard spectral reflectance which was obtained for the Atlantic Ocean in the winter season scenes. Histogram analyses and the Image 100 (non-parametric) cellular, or parallelipiped, classification techniques were used to develop the bias necessary for atmospheric haze correction and also to establish the water signatures.

Various preprocessing techniques …

Parametric Design Of Ground Data Processing Support Systems For Advanced Sensor Systems, Clinton Denny, Earl M. Johnson, Eugene L. Davis

LARS Symposia

Ever-increasing data rates and data volumes associated with proposed large ground data processing/support systems for advanced sensor applications have made the costs of resultant data processing and analysis almost prohibitive. Though the prospective experimenter is most well-intentioned and well-motivated, he or she is immediately faced with a planner's dilemma: What is wanted, versus what budget and technology can provide. It has become obvious that the system user needs help early in project planning to meaningfully understand the impact of requirements on potential costs. With this helpful information available in a parametric form, the scientist-in-charge could make intelligent trade offs between …

Application Of Image Principal Component Technique To The Geological Study Of A Structural Basin In Central Spain, Antonio Santisteban, Laura Munoz

LARS Symposia

We describe a method to obtain the principal components of a multispectral image. It allows a simultaneous radiometric enhancement by means of a suitable finer level quantization that does not introduce artifacts. Using this method we are able to produce good photographic prints of the principal components of LANDSAT MSS images. As a matter of fact the two first components (that we call bands A and B) alone contain nearly all the information existing on the original image while the other contain only noise.

We use this technique to help in the geological study of Campo Arañuelo Basin, in Central …

A Least-Square Error Approach To Landsat Image Classification, Albert Y. Hung

LARS Symposia

Nonparametric classification methods are often useful in discriminating features or substances even when the functional term of the underlying distributions are unknown to the analyst. One such case is that of geological features, largely devoid of vegetation. Basically, nonparametric classification assumes that there exists a set of discriminant functions (one for each signature) with known functional form except for a set of parameters or weights. In this paper, a nonparametric classifier based on a least-square-error criterion is introduced. Using the designated training samples, an iterative procedure can be formulated which learns the values of the unknown parameters. Consequently, the classification …

Classifying Vegetative Cover With Landsat Digital Data, Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia And North Carolina, Patricia T. Gammon, Lurie J. Shima, Virginia Carter

LARS Symposia

Geometrically corrected and temporally registered Landsat digital data from April and February 1974 have been used to classify and map vegetative cover in the Great Dismal Swamp in Virginia and North Carolina. Cover classes were grouped into dominance types and subclasses according to the new U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service wetland classification system. Four data sets were analyzed on the Interactive Digital Image Manipulation System (IDIMS): (1) April data (2) February data (3) bands 5 and 7 from April and February and (4) all 8 bands from April and February.

Eighteen dominance types were established for the swamp on the …

Estimation Of Error Probability For Multidimensional Gaussian Maximum Likelihood Classifiers Using A Controlled Space Quantization Technique, G. Mobasseri, C. D. Mcgillem

LARS Symposia

Probability of correct classification is generally agreed to be the most important criterion in evaluating the performance of a classifier. At LARS, a maximum likelihood classifier based on Gaussian statistics for the data is employed for classification of remotely sensed data. Being a multiple-category classifier, its performance cannot be analyzed as comprehensively as that of a two class classifier. In fact, the only practical method known to carry out such an analysis is an empirical determination based on the Monte Carlo technique. The method described here is an attempt to provide an alternate method of making such an analysis.

In …

Advancements In Machine-Assisted Analysis Of Multispectral Data For Land Use Applications, Philip H. Swain

LARS Symposia

Results are reported of a three-year study participated in by the Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing of Purdue University, the Center for Advanced Computation of the University of Illinois, and the Geographic Applications "Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The outcome of the study has been a demonstration of the feasibility of applying digital analysis of satellite data to land use inventory and mapping. Advancements have been made in the areas of data analysis techniques, data processing products, and education and training of personnel within the potential user agency.

Rectification And Registration Of Digital Images And The Effect Of Cloud Detection, M. L. Nack

LARS Symposia

In previous image registration research, edge image correlation techniques were applied to Landsat-1 multispectral digital image data. Translations of edge images of an earlier area of interest were performed over a search area edge image at a later time to determine the location of the area of interest in the search area. Plots of the correlation surface indicated sharp peaks for successful searches and an accuracy of ±1 pixel or line. The following three new requirements were suggested: (1) because clouds or their shadows are time-dependent image features, removal of cloud or cloud shadow information from the edge images before …

Stratified Acreage Estimates In The Illinois Crop-Acreage Experiment, Richard Sigman, Chapman P. Gleason, George A. Hanuschak, Robert R. Starbuck

LARS Symposia

The approach of the Statistical Reporting Service (SRS) for using LANDSAT remote sensor data is to use it as an auxiliary variable with existing operational ground surveys. SRS objectives have been to investigate the use of LANDSAT data to improve crop-acreage estimates at several levels for which acreage statistics are needed; such as counties, groups of counties such as Crop Reporting Districts (CRD1s), and entire states.

To determine the feasibility of these objectives, the Illinois crop-acreage experiment was established in 1975. The experiment employs LANDSAT data for the state of Illinois and data from SRS's June Enumerative Survey (JES) for …

A First Interpretation Of East African Swiddening Via Computer-Assisted Analysis Of 3 Landsat Tapes, Francis P. Conant, Tina K. Cary

LARS Symposia

This paper reports a successful preliminary application of machine processing of LANDSAT data to the identification of swidden farming in East Africa. Analysis of "slash and burn" or shifting cultivation via LANDSAT requires recognition of the characteristics intrinsic to swiddening: by Western standards, field sizes are small, their borders are irregularly shaped and merge with natural features of the terrain; in the area of East Africa with which we are concerned, multiple cropping of as many as 25 cultigens is common, and the small fields in which these crop complexes are grown are interspersed among land at various stages of …