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Impact Of Wildfire And Targeted Grazing Effects On Northern Great Plains Range And Pasture Lands, Katherine Claire-Ann Kral
Impact Of Wildfire And Targeted Grazing Effects On Northern Great Plains Range And Pasture Lands, Katherine Claire-Ann Kral
Range Science
The Grand River District in South Dakota has a high proportion of underutilized crested wheatgrass within native rangelands. Prescribed fire is rarely used for management; although, there is a strong evolutionary relationship with fire and grazing. Our project entailed two studies, the first looking at targeted grazing with cattle and second the effects of an April wildfire on plant species composition, basal cover, and phytomass production. The wildfire and targeted grazing did not affect (p > 0.05) plant species composition or phytomass production four and 16 months after treatment (MAT). Targeted grazing increased (p ≤ 0.05) crested wheatgrass utilization, but did …
How Can Sustainable Design Insure Resiliency Through The Biodiversity Of A Boomtown, Jesse M. Riley
How Can Sustainable Design Insure Resiliency Through The Biodiversity Of A Boomtown, Jesse M. Riley
Natural Resources Management
Presently the state of North Dakota is enjoying tremendous economic expansion as well as an increase in population. The development of the Bakken Oil formation has introduced a new set of opportunities and presented a new set of challenges. By studying past boomtowns, ecology, and design, a path for planning, recruitment and maintaining communities with a sustainable approach can be explored. The purpose of this research is to guide current and future stakeholders in the area of energy development communities and wise growth planning. The many articles and books that are devoted to social science, ecology, design and population recruitment …
Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles As A Multifunctional Filler In Wood Particleboards, David John Sundquist
Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles As A Multifunctional Filler In Wood Particleboards, David John Sundquist
Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics
Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) has been investigated for its use as a functional filler in wood particleboards bonded with Melamine Urea Formaldehyde. Both the concentration of the DDGS filler – 5, 10, and 15 wt. % – and the particle size of the filler – 125, 300, and 500 μm – has been considered. It was presumed that the additional protein and fats in the lignocellulosic DDGS would increase strength and water resistance of the particleboards. Chemical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to analyze the DDGS filler. A variety of mechanical tests were performed …
An Assessment Of Annual Forages To Extend Grazing For Beef Cattle In South Central North Dakota, Erin Marie Gaugler
An Assessment Of Annual Forages To Extend Grazing For Beef Cattle In South Central North Dakota, Erin Marie Gaugler
Range Science
This study was designed to test 3 grazing treatments using 2 cropping systems during 2012 to 2014. Angus crossbred beef heifers in mid-gestation were assigned to treatments from mid-October to late November or early December. Single- and dual-crop systems were subjected to the following grazing treatments: 1) full use, 2) 50 percent degree of disappearance and 3) no use. A drylot served as the control. Herbage production, livestock performance, economic efficiency and soil health were monitored. Costs associated with the cocktail mixture ranged from $37.56 to $44.50/hectare. Average daily gain was highest in the drylot and was the only treatment …
Two Data Mining Applications For Predicting Pre-Diabetes, Guangjing You
Two Data Mining Applications For Predicting Pre-Diabetes, Guangjing You
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
In this study, the performance of Logistic Regression and Decision Tree modeling is compared by using SAS Enterprise Miner for predicting pre-diabetes in US population by using several of the common factors from the type 2 diabetes screening criteria. From 17 variables of NHANES’ three sets of dataset, a total of 13 risk factors were selected as predictors of pre-diabetes. A comparison of two data mining methodology showed that Decision Tree has a higher ROC index than Logistic Regression modeling. All ROC indexes for two models were greater than 77% indicating both methods present a good prediction for pre-diabetes. The …
Midwest Medical Center Employee Perceptions Of Workplace Breastfeeding Experiences, Michelle Ann Brown
Midwest Medical Center Employee Perceptions Of Workplace Breastfeeding Experiences, Michelle Ann Brown
Nursing
The privilege of motherhood establishes additional temporary occupational needs for women who choose to breastfeed an infant and continue full time employment. The purpose of the study was to assess the holistic needs of employed lactating women. A Perceptions of Workplace Breastfeeding Experiences Questionnaire (PWBE-Q) was developed using Bronfenbrenner’s theory of social ecology and implemented with employees working in a Midwest medical center. The study included a physical survey of the facility’s lactation rooms. Three designated lactation rooms were assessed. Ninety five employees responded to the survey. Study results determined the facility’s existing designated lactation space was functional. Employees perceived …
Effortful Control Moderates The Association Between Emotional Instability And Binge Eating, Brittany Leigh Stevenson
Effortful Control Moderates The Association Between Emotional Instability And Binge Eating, Brittany Leigh Stevenson
Psychology
We hypothesized that (H1) emotional instability would be associated with an increased likelihood of a binge episode, and that (H2a) this relationship would be potentiated among individuals with low cognitive control and (H2b) high behavioral impulsivity. Methods: Participants were 48 community-dwelling adults and college students. Participants completed the stroop task (cognitive control) and stop signal task (behavioral impulsivity), followed by two weeks of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) examining mood, hunger, and binge eating behavior up to 9 times per day. Results: There was no main effect of emotional instability on the likelihood of a binge outcome (H1 unsupported). Consistent with …
Evaluation Of Genetic Resistance To Common Bacterial Blight In Dry Edible Bean, Maniruzzaman
Evaluation Of Genetic Resistance To Common Bacterial Blight In Dry Edible Bean, Maniruzzaman
Plant Pathology
Common bacterial blight (CBB) is an economically important disease of dry bean worldwide caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, (Xap). The objectives of this research were to determine the frequency of CBB resistance in NDSU breeding materials and to evaluate the effectiveness of two SCAR markers, SAP6 and SU91, linked with major QTL for CBB resistance, across this host population. A total of 593 advanced and preliminary lines were phenotyped in the greenhouse and genotyped using SAP6 and SU91. Phenotyping revealed CBB resistance in 310 lines, with a higher frequency of resistant lines in the pinto, great northern and small …
Characterization Of Programmed Cell Death Responses Involved In Disease Resistance/Susceptibility Responses In Barley, Lauren Paige Sager-Bittara
Characterization Of Programmed Cell Death Responses Involved In Disease Resistance/Susceptibility Responses In Barley, Lauren Paige Sager-Bittara
Plant Pathology
The plant innate immune system relies on regulated programmed cell death (PCD) responses which provide resistance against biotrophic fungal pathogens and are utilized by necrotrophic pathogens. The gene-for-gene interactions leading to resistance against biotrophs has been co-evolving over millions of years and provides many targets for necrotrophic pathogens to subvert the plants PCD for their benefit. Two PCD pathways involved in plant immunity were characterized. The first, nec3, appears to control runaway PCD in response to infection by many pathogens who mainly elicit pathogen or damage associated molecular pattern (PAMP or DAMP) triggered immunity. The nec3 mutant was mapped to …
Cloning And Characterization Of The Iron-Regulated Transporter (Irt) Genes And Their Transcription Factors In Populus, Danqiong Huang
Cloning And Characterization Of The Iron-Regulated Transporter (Irt) Genes And Their Transcription Factors In Populus, Danqiong Huang
Plant Sciences
Iron deficiency causes chlorosis in many plant species, resulting in yield loss and poor quality. Many tree species including poplar are susceptible to iron deficiency. Trees suffering from iron deficiency often show interveinal chlorotic leaves and in severe cases, branches or an entire tree may die. In this study, two trees of Populus tremula L.‘Erecta’ growing near each other but with contrasting leaf color phenotypes were used to study the causes of chlorosis and the mechanisms of tolerance or susceptibility to iron chlorosis in poplar. A leaf analysis revealed that the iron deficiency tolerant tree (PtG) had a higher level …
Flaxseed And Buckwheat Supplemented Diets Altered Enterobacteriaceae Prevalence In The Cecum And Feces Of Mice, Margaret Mary Pulkrabek
Flaxseed And Buckwheat Supplemented Diets Altered Enterobacteriaceae Prevalence In The Cecum And Feces Of Mice, Margaret Mary Pulkrabek
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
Dietary intake may cause variable bacterial prevalence in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae in the cecum and feces following flaxseed and buckwheat supplemented diets. Seventy-two C57BL/6J male mice were randomly assigned to a diet group and fed for eight weeks: high fat (45% Kcal fat); 10% whole flaxseed (45% Kcal fat); 6% defatted flaxseed (45% Kcal fat); 4% flaxseed oil (45% Kcal fat); 10% buckwheat (45% Kcal fat); and low fat (16% Kcal fat). Significant differences in the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae in the cecum (p < 0.0348) and feces post treatment (p < 0.0033) were observed. The groups with the highest prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae were whole flaxseed, buckwheat, and defatted flaxseed. The groups with the lowest prevalence were flaxseed oil and high fat. Our results indicated that a positive relationship exists between high fermentable fiber diets and Enterobacteriaceae proliferation.
Relationship Between Personality Type And Fruit And Vegetable Preference In Third And Fourth Grade Students, Megan Denise Myrdal
Relationship Between Personality Type And Fruit And Vegetable Preference In Third And Fourth Grade Students, Megan Denise Myrdal
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality type and fruit and vegetable preferences of third and fourth grade children. A cross-sectional, quantitative survey study was used to gather information from parents or caregivers (N = 345) about their child’s fruit and vegetable preference, healthful eating practices (produced by the Healthy Eating Index, HEI), and personality. Multiple regression analyses revealed the combined effect of openness to experience, agreeableness and neuroticism was significant for the fruit preference (p <0.05), vegetable preference (p < 0.001), combined fruit/vegetable preference (p < 0.01), and the HEI (p < 0.01). These results indicate that children who are more “agreeable” and “open” may prefer healthful foods, like fruits and vegetables, and children who are more “neurotic” may have lower preferences for healthful foods. These results support the consideration of personality as a factor that influences the development of food preference.
Arginine Supplementation Strategies During Gestation: Impacts On Dams And Offspring, Jena Lee Bjertness
Arginine Supplementation Strategies During Gestation: Impacts On Dams And Offspring, Jena Lee Bjertness
Animal Sciences
We hypothesize rumen-protected arginine supplementation during gestation will mitigate deleterious offspring effects caused by undernutrition. Experiment 1: non-pregnant ewes were supplemented with rumen-protected arginine at varying doses to assess effects on circulating amino acids and carotid hemodynamics. Arginine concentrations post-supplementation were greater in ewes supplemented with 180 vs. 90 mg/kg BW, and vascular resistance indices were lesser with 180 mg/kg BW; therefore, 180 mg/kg BW was used in experiment 2. Experiment 2: nutrient-restricted pregnant ewes were supplemented with rumen-protected arginine and maternal and offspring growth and physiological responses were measured. Arginine supplementation to nutrient restricted ewes improved offspring development compared …
Supplementation Of Corn Dried Distiller's Grains Plus Solubles To Gestating Beef Cows Fed Low-Quality Forage, Victoria Carolyn Kennedy
Supplementation Of Corn Dried Distiller's Grains Plus Solubles To Gestating Beef Cows Fed Low-Quality Forage, Victoria Carolyn Kennedy
Animal Sciences
To investigate the effects of corn dried distiller’s grains plus solubles (DDGS) supplementation to cows during late gestation, 27 multiparous beef cows were divided randomly into 2 treatment groups (CON; n = 15; SUP = DDGS at 0.3% of BW; n = 12). Supplemented cows gained BW (P < 0.01) while CON cows tended to lose BW (P = 0.06). A main effect of treatment (P = 0.02) and day (P < 0.01) was observed for total uterine blood flow (BF). Calves born to SUP cows tended to be heavier than calves born to CON cows (P = 0.06). Both groups gained (P < 0.01) BW with advancing lactation. Supplementing DDGS altered voluntary feed intake, cow body maintenance, uterine and mammary blood flow, and calf weaning weights. Results suggest an influence on overall maternal metabolism and nutrient flux to the fetus.
Evaluation Of Glycated Albumin As A Metabolic Marker For Marbling In Commercial Feeder Cattle, Mohammed Saad Alkhuriji
Evaluation Of Glycated Albumin As A Metabolic Marker For Marbling In Commercial Feeder Cattle, Mohammed Saad Alkhuriji
Animal Sciences
This study was conducted to determine if glycated albumin is associated with marbling in beef cattle. Crossbred steers (n=113) were assigned randomly to different treatments to determine the effects of feeding strategies (with anabolic growth implants, CONV; without growth implants, NAT) on blood proteins, glucose, and insulin. Total serum protein and albumin were not different between marbling scores and feeding strategies. Glycated albumin was not correlated with marbling scores. Plasma glucose concentration was greater in steers with a marbling score of slight compared to all other marbling scores, and NAT feeding strategy had greater concentration than CONV (P = 0.02). …
The Fruit And Vegetable Consumption Problem, Natalie Marie Aughinbaugh
The Fruit And Vegetable Consumption Problem, Natalie Marie Aughinbaugh
Nursing
Fruit and vegetable consumption is an essential component of a healthy diet and one of the most modifiable risk factors for chronic disease. Only a small percentage of the world’s population consumes the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables (Litt et al., 2011). In addition, young adults experience significant lifestyle changes as a result of independence, often establishing life-long dietary habits affecting future health and the health of their future families. The purpose of this project was to improve provider practice by using a food frequencyscreening tool and education within the clinical setting to facilitate increased knowledge, awareness, and fruit …
Genetic And Environmental Variation On Mineral Nutrient Concentration In Pea And Lentil Seed, Eliina Adhikari
Genetic And Environmental Variation On Mineral Nutrient Concentration In Pea And Lentil Seed, Eliina Adhikari
Plant Sciences
Current food supply is expected to be insufficient to support the growing population both in quantity and nutritional quality; therefore, the need to breed for higher yield and greater nutritional quality is urgent. Twenty-five dry pea genotypes, 25 Turkish red lentil and 23 green lentil genotypes were tested across different locations of North Dakota to quantify the nutrient concentration and to characterize the genotype and the environmental factors affecting nutrient concentration. Significant genotypic, environmental and genotype-by-environment interaction was present for Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P and Zn analyzed in dry pea and lentil. A range of correlations among …
Manipulating Cattle And Deer Foraging Behaviors For The Consumption Of Leafy Spurge And Canada Thistle, Melissa Catherine Mccann
Manipulating Cattle And Deer Foraging Behaviors For The Consumption Of Leafy Spurge And Canada Thistle, Melissa Catherine Mccann
Range Science
This study tested targeted grazing weeds with cattle and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Using forage manipulation techniques, we attempted to encourage cattle and white-tailed deer to graze weeds. Cattle were encouraged to target graze leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). We established that cattle will attempt to consume leafy spurge from feed bunks but not from pasture. Two projects were developed to test targeted grazing of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) by white-tailed deer. The first project was a behavior study using a rationed pelleted feed with Canada thistle. The second an attractant study involved testing two types of molasses (Molasses and …
Structurally Diverse Arabinoxylan Hydrolyzates: Their Activity As Immunomodulators And Their Effect On Growth Of Bacteroidetes, Mihiri Marini Mendis
Structurally Diverse Arabinoxylan Hydrolyzates: Their Activity As Immunomodulators And Their Effect On Growth Of Bacteroidetes, Mihiri Marini Mendis
Plant Sciences
Arabinoxylan (AX) is a plant polysaccharide which consists of a xylan backbone on which arabinose is substituted. Thirty structurally different wheat arabinoxylan hydrolyzates (AXH) were prepared by means of different combinations of xylanase (Cellvibrio japonicas xylanase (CJX) and Aspergillus niger xylanase (ANX)) and arabinofuranosidase (Bifidobacterium adolescentis arabinofuranosidase (BAF) and Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase (CAF)). The AXH were analyzed using GC-FID, GC-MS, 1H-NMR and SEC-MALS techniques. In general, the AXH had high proportion of unsubstituted xylose and lesser amount of di- or mono-substituted xylose. The average molecular weights of the AXH varied between 0.78-5.64 million Da. Between the two xylanases, ANX might …
Nitrogen Management In Dry Bean And Soybean, Ryan Richard Buetow
Nitrogen Management In Dry Bean And Soybean, Ryan Richard Buetow
Plant Sciences
Legume crops, dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), can form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer may be necessary for optimal yields. Three experiments were conducted on dry bean and on soybean in North Dakota. Objectives of the research were to evaluate yield and growth differences between different N management strategies. Inoculant applied to dry bean increased nodulation in one environment. Nodule formation was highest in the Lariat pinto bean and lowest in Vista navy bean. Application of N increased yield at Park River in 2014. Applying N to dry bean may not …
Identifying Significant Factors Influencing Metabolic Syndrome In China, Xiaoxue Gu
Identifying Significant Factors Influencing Metabolic Syndrome In China, Xiaoxue Gu
Statistics
Metabolic Syndrome occurs when a person’s body does not properly use and store energy. The disease has five criteria: abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose regulation. The purpose of this paper was to analysis a longitudinal data obtained from China. The data was collected using surveys in 2008 and 2012. For finding the factors that contributed significantly to the development of Metabolic Syndrome, a marginal model was applied. To fit the marginal model, the Generalized Estimating Equation method was used. The developed model did not have high accuracy of presenting the proportion of true results ( Metabolic …
Effects Of Therapy Canines On Therapeutic Alliance: A Pilot Study On Client Perceptions, Brea Rachelle Grueneich
Effects Of Therapy Canines On Therapeutic Alliance: A Pilot Study On Client Perceptions, Brea Rachelle Grueneich
Education
While Animal Assisted Therapy is a more recent phenomena (Chandler, 2005, p. 5), AAT is quickly becoming an empirically supported treatment for a variety of mental health disorders (Perry, Rubinstein, & Austin, 2012). This study explored how client perceptions of their counselors change when a therapy canine is present in session. There is little research regarding client viewpoints on counselors who partner with therapy canines. Nine participants responded to a quantitative survey that was analyzed through non-parametric means. As was predicted, participants indicated more positive views of their counselors when a therapy canine was included in session. Findings suggest client …
The Use Of Bananas In Preventing Exercise Associated Muscle Cramps, Hannah Marie Hallissey
The Use Of Bananas In Preventing Exercise Associated Muscle Cramps, Hannah Marie Hallissey
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
Bananas have been consumed by athletes in the belief that they prevent muscle cramping. However, there are no studies in the literature that test plasma potassium concentration as a prevention technique for exercise associated muscle cramps. The purpose of this study was to determine if potassium in bananas increased threshold frequency (TF) of an electrically induced muscle cramp (EIMC) in young adults who have a history of muscle cramps. On the day of testing, subjects had a baseline blood sample and baseline EIMC, then ate 2 servings (300g) of bananas. After 60 minutes of rest, a final blood sample was …
Clinical Outcomes Of Different Tempos Of Music During Exercise In Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients, Jarad Steven Miller
Clinical Outcomes Of Different Tempos Of Music During Exercise In Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients, Jarad Steven Miller
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
This study examined the effects of stimulating and sedative music on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and feeling status during exercise in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients. Twenty-two male and female older adults age 64 ± 8.0 y currently enrolled in phase III CR completed the study. Repeated measures crossover designs guided data collection. The manipulated independent variable was music condition (sedative, stimulating, and non-music control). The dependent variables were RPE, BP, HR, and feeling status with each represented by four repeated measures ANOVAs over time via SAS 9.3. Data analysis indicated significant differences for …
Assessing Critical Thinking Skills Of Athletic Training Professional And Post-Professional Students, Daniel James Adamietz
Assessing Critical Thinking Skills Of Athletic Training Professional And Post-Professional Students, Daniel James Adamietz
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
Critical thinking (CT) can be described as using resources, identifying assumptions, asking questions, comparing alternatives, and finally coming to a conclusion. Critical thinking can be used in daily life, general work, or in specialty situations and is a valuable skill in health professions. Athletic training integrates CT into evaluations, treatments, rehabilitation programs, and other activities. Critical thinking is needed in the profession of athletic training to increase accuracy of diagnosis and evaluation and to improve patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to establish CT baseline scores for athletic training professional and post-professional students. Results revealed that the post-professional …
Iron Supplementation And Its Effect On Ferritin Levels In Female Collegiate Track And Field Athletes, Hanna Elisabet Grinaker
Iron Supplementation And Its Effect On Ferritin Levels In Female Collegiate Track And Field Athletes, Hanna Elisabet Grinaker
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
Adequate stores of iron are necessary for optimal athletic performance and severe iron depletion resulting in iron-deficiency anemia may depress performance. This is important for athletes, particularly females, to address because they can be prone to iron deficiency anemia. This review examines research data that has shown oral iron supplementation in doses of at least 45 mg ferrous sulfate or 106 mg ferrous fumarate improves iron status and may improve measures of athletic performance. It is recommended that female athletes most at risk of iron deficiency be screened at the beginning of and during training seasons using ferritin measures. Appropriate …
The Effects Of Caffeine Ingestion On Muscle Cramp Threshold Frequency, Max Marvin Pagel
The Effects Of Caffeine Ingestion On Muscle Cramp Threshold Frequency, Max Marvin Pagel
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
Context: The effects of caffeine on muscle cramp threshold frequency were investigated. Objective: To determine the effect of caffeine on muscle cramp threshold frequency. Design: Randomized Trial. Experimental Design Setting: Institutional Research Laboratory. Participants: 11 males, 6 females. Intervention: Each subject ingested different caffeine doses over three testing days. Main Outcome Measures: Muscle cramp threshold frequency, hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma chloride concentration, and osmolality were recorded. Results: There was a significant difference between baseline and post ingestion threshold frequency as well as significant differences between 0 mg to 500 mg and 250 mg to 500 …
Ice And Ace Wrap And Game Ready® In Decreasing Quadriceps Temperature, Julie Simonson
Ice And Ace Wrap And Game Ready® In Decreasing Quadriceps Temperature, Julie Simonson
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
The Game Ready® system is a popular cooling modality, but little is known about its ability to decrease intramuscular temperature. The purpose of this study was to compare intramuscular temperature decreases caused by six different modalities at different levels of compression. The independent variables were modality (ice, ice and ace wrap, Game Ready® no, low, medium, high) and time (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 minutes). The dependent variable was intramuscular temperature. Fifteen volunteers participated in this study. The only significant difference in absolute intramuscular temperature was between ice and ace wrap and Game Ready® low. Ice and ace …
The Effect Of 2 Mhz Ultrasound On Intramuscular Temperature At 1.5, 2.5, And 3 Cm Depths, Christiane Jean Berdan
The Effect Of 2 Mhz Ultrasound On Intramuscular Temperature At 1.5, 2.5, And 3 Cm Depths, Christiane Jean Berdan
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
The research objective was to determine the increase in intramuscular temperature of 2 MHz therapeutic ultrasound at 1.5, 2.5, and 3 cm depths after a 20 minute treatment at 1.0 W/cm2. A two-factor ANOVA experimental design guided this study. Three thermocouples were inserted into the medial gastrocnemius of twenty participants at all 3 depths. The ultrasound parameter settings consisted of: 2 MHz, continuous, 1.0 W/cm2. The mean intramuscular temperature increase at 20 minutes was the greatest at the 1.5 cm depth (5.22°C ± 1.25°C), then the 2.5 cm depth (3.59°C ± 1.61°C), then the 3 cm depth (2.75°C ± 1.48°C). …