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Caffeine Intake In College Students, Michelle Gail Caldarone
Caffeine Intake In College Students, Michelle Gail Caldarone
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
Caffeine is a widely consumed substance that is readily available through many sources that may influence consumption in the college setting. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between caffeine intake and sleep behavior and the effect of campus dining frequency on caffeine intake in college students. Three hundred and fifty students (212 males and 138 females) participated in a 72-hour dietary analysis that provided the students’ age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity level. The students were asked to record dining frequency as well. Ninety-six of the 350 students completed a 7-day sleep diary …
The Effects Of Kids’ Cooking Camps On Native American Children’S Knowledge And Habits Related To Food Safety, Preparation, And Nutrition, Kelly Rose Burdett
The Effects Of Kids’ Cooking Camps On Native American Children’S Knowledge And Habits Related To Food Safety, Preparation, And Nutrition, Kelly Rose Burdett
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
A pilot research study was conducted to determine if cooking camps could increase knowledge and improve habits of Native American children related to food safety, nutrition, and reported food and exercise habits. Forty Native American youth were recruited for participation in one of four kids’ cooking camps. Each child took a pre-assessment upon their arrival at camp and a post-assessment on the last day of camp, as well as a pre- and post-test for each lesson. The children participated in lessons and food preparation activities during the six hours per day, four day camp. The thirty subjects taking both the …
Understanding The Social Effects Of Water Intervention Implementation In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Qualitative Study In Kitui, Kenya, Tara Rava Zolnikov
Understanding The Social Effects Of Water Intervention Implementation In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Qualitative Study In Kitui, Kenya, Tara Rava Zolnikov
Human Development and Family Science
Global public health interventions focus on creating solutions to unaddressed humanitarian issues in developing countries; priority projects include providing communities with access to water, food, and healthcare. Nearby access to safe drinking water is a primary public health concern and a frequent public health intervention. Intervention success may depend on other factors in addition to health outcomes. However, previous research has focused solely on health effect outcomes and has not reviewed the impact of social effects from implemented water interventions. The purpose of this study was to understand the impacts of an implemented water intervention on social relationships among community …
The Impact Of Psychosocial Outcomes In Long-Term Bariatric Patients, Angela Ann Geraci
The Impact Of Psychosocial Outcomes In Long-Term Bariatric Patients, Angela Ann Geraci
Human Development and Family Science
The disease of obesity is a serious and significant public health epidemic affecting more than 78 million Americans. The increase in human life expectancy also increases the chance of reduced quality of life and well-being by those suffering from obesity. Obesity–related factors may mean years of physical and psychosocial discomfort, lack of mobility, and chronic ill health. This study analyzed long-term bariatric patient outcomes, specifically, factors regarding postprocedure weight regain, surgeon follow-up, and psychosocial issues related to quality of life (i.e. self-concept and obesity discrimination). The overarching research design for this study employed survey methods, using a cross-sectional, self-reported questionnaire …
Total Glucosinolate Preservation And Near Infrared Prediction In Rapeseed Meal, Jayd Marshal Kittelson
Total Glucosinolate Preservation And Near Infrared Prediction In Rapeseed Meal, Jayd Marshal Kittelson
Food Safety
Glucosinolates (GLS) and their hydrolysis products are of great food and feed safety concern because they are responsible for both the beneficial and harmful properties of GLS-containing plants. Understanding GLS storage stability and total GLS concentration in Brassica oil meals is important to ensuring livestock health. The storage stability of GLS and potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for screening the total GLS content of various Brassica meals obtained globally and over multiple growing seasons was evaluated. Decreases were observed in meal stored at 4 oC. GLS storage stability within stored Brassica meals was possible for 18 months and possibly …
Escherichia Coli In Bovine Calf Scours, Crystal Starr
Escherichia Coli In Bovine Calf Scours, Crystal Starr
Food Safety
Scours is caused by inflammation of the intestinal tract of ruminants leading to significant mortality and morbidity rates. It is predominately found in neonatal ruminants where the disease can occur 36 hours after birth. One of the most common infectious agents linked to scours is pathogenic Escherichia coli. Therefore, it is important to understand the virulence factors, diagnostic assays, age of the animals infected, and the co-factors associated with an E. coli scours outbreak. These factors are important in both scours disease pathogenesis and potential food safety-related postharvest pathogens. Using the most frequently identified virulence factors, a new scours diagnostic …
Structurally Diverse Arabinoxylan Hydrolyzates: Their Activity As Immunomodulators And Their Effect On Growth Of Bacteroidetes, Mihiri Marini Mendis
Structurally Diverse Arabinoxylan Hydrolyzates: Their Activity As Immunomodulators And Their Effect On Growth Of Bacteroidetes, Mihiri Marini Mendis
Cereal Science
Arabinoxylan (AX) is a plant polysaccharide which consists of a xylan backbone on which arabinose is substituted. Thirty structurally different wheat arabinoxylan hydrolyzates (AXH) were prepared by means of different combinations of xylanase (Cellvibrio japonicas xylanase (CJX) and Aspergillus niger xylanase (ANX)) and arabinofuranosidase (Bifidobacterium adolescentis arabinofuranosidase (BAF) and Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase (CAF)). The AXH were analyzed using GC-FID, GC-MS, 1H-NMR and SEC-MALS techniques. In general, the AXH had high proportion of unsubstituted xylose and lesser amount of di- or mono-substituted xylose. The average molecular weights of the AXH varied between 0.78-5.64 million Da. Between the two xylanases, ANX might …
Independent Methods To Improve Meat Quality Including Genetic Technologies, Modified Processing, And Growth Promotants In Beef, Christina Anne Schwartz
Independent Methods To Improve Meat Quality Including Genetic Technologies, Modified Processing, And Growth Promotants In Beef, Christina Anne Schwartz
Animal Sciences
Three independent studies were done to investigate how genetic factors, carcass management, and exogenous growth promotant programs influence meat quality attributes, palatability, and protein expression in beef. The first study involved Igenity® genetic profiling of myostatin sequence variants C313Y and Q204X of the myostatin gene in Piedmontese-crossbred heifers. Muscle from heifers having 1 or 2 copies of myostatin variants had decreased fat deposition, increased marbling, and minimal influence on quality attributes measured (tenderness and color), indicating a relationship between disruptive myostatin gene alterations and carcass and meat quality traits. Next, to improve the quality of the under-utilized beef round muscle, …
Region Based Data Mining On Agriculture Data, Babitha Battu
Region Based Data Mining On Agriculture Data, Babitha Battu
Computer Science
Spatial Data Mining is the process of discovering interesting and previously unknown, but potentially useful patterns from large spatial databases. Most relationships in spatial datasets are regional and there is a great need for regional regression methods that derive regional reflects different spatial characteristics of different regions. A central challenge in spatial data mining is the efficiency of spatial data mining algorithms, due to the often huge amount of spatial data and the complexity of spatial data types and spatial accessing methods. This paper proposes a regional regression technique for regions that are defined by a categorical attribute, in particular …
Multi-Variate Attribute Selection For Agricultural Data, Xing John Xu
Multi-Variate Attribute Selection For Agricultural Data, Xing John Xu
Computer Science
Farmers always have been concerned about the quantity of crops (yield) as well as the quality of crops (sugar content of the sugar beets). The quality and quantity of crops are affected by various attributes, some are natural elements (rain, sunshine etc) and some are not (the amount of fertilizer, seed type etc). Some techniques have been developed to discover attributes that are important to different crops’ yield. But within those selected attributes, how can we tell one attribute is more important than the other? The proposed algorithm is aimed to utilize the advantages of multiple response attributes to select …
Sustainable Engagement, Sarah Crook
Sustainable Engagement, Sarah Crook
Architecture Theses
This thesis is my solution to how architecture can influence individuals to learn and live in a sustainable environment that excites its users. I have redefined sustainability as, “a social change involving individuals, businesses and government law to support a higher standard of ethical consumerism and healthful choices.” My thesis design is an educational facility that teaches with its architecture as well as exhibits, classes and workshops. Sustainable architecture increases awareness of healthy choices while advertising positive results.
Costs And Risks Of Testing And Blending For Eaa In Soybeans, David Jorgen Hertsgaard
Costs And Risks Of Testing And Blending For Eaa In Soybeans, David Jorgen Hertsgaard
Agribusiness and Applied Economics
Soybean quality is typically measured by protein values. Essential Amino Acids (EAA) and Critical Amino Acid Value (CAAV) provide alternative measures of valuing soybeans. The following thesis analyzes the effects of testing soybeans for specific quality traits. A dual-marketing system is developed to analyze the costs and risks that may arise for grain handlers to segregate soybeans into high-quality and low-quality grain flows based on various importer purchasing strategies. A stochastic optimization model is used to determine the optimal testing locations within the dual-marketing system in order to minimize costs and risks to grain handlers. The model includes a blending …
Bioavailability And Biodegradability Of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Originated From Municipal And Animal Wastewater, Jingyi Sun
Agribusiness and Biosystems Engineering
Due to the increased concern on dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in surface waters, it is necessary to understand the biodegradability and bioavailability of DON in point and non-point sources. In this study, algae and bacteria were applied under lab condition to undestand the impact of DON to water environment. Biodegradable DON (BDON) was determined using bacteria while bioavailable DON (ABDON) was determined using green algae Selenastrum capricornutum, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Chlorella vulgaris and/or mixed culture bacteria in municipal and animal wastewaters. In both wastewater sources, ABDON efficiencies (%) for all three algae were not significantly different indicating that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii …
Effects Of Corn Condensed Distillers Solubles Supplementation On Intake, Performance, Rate And Site Of Digestion, And Ruminal Fermentation In Cattle Consuming Forage-Based Diets, Lindsey Rebecca Coupe
Effects Of Corn Condensed Distillers Solubles Supplementation On Intake, Performance, Rate And Site Of Digestion, And Ruminal Fermentation In Cattle Consuming Forage-Based Diets, Lindsey Rebecca Coupe
Animal Sciences
Two studies were conducted to determine effect of feeding method and level of corn condensed distillers solubles supplementation on performance of beef cows fed forage-based diets and effects on digestibility and ruminal fermentation. Experiment 1 utilized 80 gestating crossbred cows in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design; main effects were feeding method (mixed vs. fed separately) and level of CCDS. All treatments were offered ad libitum forage. Experiment 2, utilized 5 ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein steers in a 5×5 Latin square to evaluate effects of CCDS supplementation on …
Management Considerations For Successful Technology Implementation In Beef Production Systems, Danielle Nicole Black
Management Considerations For Successful Technology Implementation In Beef Production Systems, Danielle Nicole Black
Animal Sciences
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate management strategies that foster successful implementation of technology in beef production systems. In experiment 1, cow reproductive performance, BW, and serum concentrations of NEFA in cows and their calves were evaluated in response to moving cow-calf pairs from summer pastures into confinement feeding for a 10 d period of estrus synchronization and breeding. Reproductive performance was not impacted but calf BW were reduced in confined calves. In experiment 2, effects of moderate and aggressive implant strategies were evaluated in steers with varying genetic potential (GP) for gain and marbling. Steers with greater GP had …
Effects Of Maternal Nutrition During Gestation On Viscera Energy Use In Ruminant Dams And Offspring And Hypothalamic Neurohormone Content In The Offspring, Ligia Dias Prezotto
Effects Of Maternal Nutrition During Gestation On Viscera Energy Use In Ruminant Dams And Offspring And Hypothalamic Neurohormone Content In The Offspring, Ligia Dias Prezotto
Animal Sciences
The extensive use of grazing systems for ruminant livestock and the high variation in forage quality throughout the year have important impacts on production. Changes in feed quality and availability cause alteration in the nutritional and physiological status of gestating animals. Modifications of the maternal nutritional environment throughout fetal development can have an impact on later performance of the offspring. Adjustments in maternal metabolism have been correlated with an increase in maternal energy use during pregnancy, and also further adjustments that occur in the dam’s metabolism to provide adequate oxygen (O2), nutrients, and energy for fetal growth and maternal maintenance …
Factors Influencing The Passive, Innate, And Adaptive Immune System And Their Effects In Beef Cattle, James Joseph Gaspers
Factors Influencing The Passive, Innate, And Adaptive Immune System And Their Effects In Beef Cattle, James Joseph Gaspers
Animal Sciences
To investigate the factors influencing the passive, innate, and adaptive immune system and their effects in beef cattle, three experiments (exp.) were completed. Results from Exp. 1 indicate that there is some influence of birth weight and incidence of dystocia on the passive transfer of immunity from dam to offspring. Results from Exp. 2 indicated that supplemented dams had lower calving ease scores and tended to have greater colostrum production while their calves showed less evidence of mixed acidosis based on blood parameters of pCO2, lactate, and base excess. In Exp. 3, vaccine treatments initiated an inflammatory response with subcutaneous …
Role Of Lipotropic (Methyl) Nutrients On Mammary Development And Carcinogenesis In Female Rat Offspring, Kwang Bog Cho
Role Of Lipotropic (Methyl) Nutrients On Mammary Development And Carcinogenesis In Female Rat Offspring, Kwang Bog Cho
Animal Sciences
Lipotropes (methionine, choline, folate, and vitamin B12) play a key role in one-carbon metabolism. We hypothesized that maternal methyl (lipotropic) nutrients would induce epigenetic modification that influences mammary development and carcinogenesis from dam to offspring (F1 & F2). Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either control or lipotropes diet until parturition. Global DNA methylation significantly increased in the lipotropes group of both generations. Histone deacetylase 1 (Hdac1) increased in F2 in mammary tissues. In the F2 mammary tumor tissues, tumor incidence, and multiplicity were lowered by maternal methyl nutrients. Latency period was longer and tumor volumes decreased in the lipotropes group. …
Manufacturing Optimization Of Non-Traditional Pasta Products, Elena De La Peña
Manufacturing Optimization Of Non-Traditional Pasta Products, Elena De La Peña
Cereal Science
A study was conducted to determine the effect of including non-traditional ingredients on the flow and agglomeration properties of flour formulations, the rheological behavior of pasta dough, and the physical and cooked quality of the spaghetti. The effect of including non-traditional ingredients on the chemical changes that occurred in pasta during pasta making and cooking was also investigated. The formulations used were semolina 100% (S), whole wheat flour 100% (WW), semolina-whole wheat flour (49:51) (SWW), semolina-flaxseed flour (90:10), whole wheat flour-flaxseed flour (90:10), and semolina-whole wheat flour-flaxseed flour (39:51:10). Flaxseed flour was incorporated as fine (FF) or coarse (CF) particles. …
Composition And Stability Of Phytochemicals During Food Processing, Etsehiwot Yohannes Gebreselassie
Composition And Stability Of Phytochemicals During Food Processing, Etsehiwot Yohannes Gebreselassie
Cereal Science
Dietary phytochemicals are thought to reduce the incidence of chronic degenerative diseases. The concentration of these phytochemicals has been extensively studied, but less is known about their stability during food processing. The objective of this study was to determine the stability of lignans and other phytochemicals during the vinification and brewing processes. The amount of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), gallic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid increased up to 45 % during the vinification process; however, the amount of folic acid remained unchanged. SDG content was determined in barley for the first time. The SDG content also …
Utilization Of Modified Starch As A Fat Replacement In Bread, Ratko Petro Balic
Utilization Of Modified Starch As A Fat Replacement In Bread, Ratko Petro Balic
Cereal Science
Since industrial revolution, scientist started to develop new bread formulations in order to improve bread quality and shelf life. This research investigated the effectiveness of octenyl succinate anhydride (OSA) modified starches, from two sources (wheat and tapioca), as fat replacers in bread formulation. Samples for control were with different levels of shortening (0% and 2%), and for test samples 2% and 4% OSA modified starch and tapioca were used as fat replacers. Tests were performed on dough and baked product (bread). Results showed that samples with 4% OSA modified wheat and tapioca starch can be used as fat replacers in …
Sun And Ice, Crystal Rinkenberger
Sun And Ice, Crystal Rinkenberger
Architecture Theses
Sited in Barrow, Alaska - the northernmost city in North America - my conservatory design explores the challenges that climate and daylighting present 300 miles above the Arctic Circle. This “land of the midnight sun” experiences two and a half months of 24-hour sun in the summer, and two and a half months of 24-hour darkness in the winter. The Iñupiat Eskimos have survived in the region for hundreds of years and technology advances their communities ability to thrive and flourish. Only accessible by airplane and occasionally by boat/barge in the summer, the small town of Barrow must fly in …
Black Hills Conservation Center : Connecting Back To The Environment, Aaron Johnson
Black Hills Conservation Center : Connecting Back To The Environment, Aaron Johnson
Architecture Theses
This thesis looks to answer the question: “How can we create architecture that connects us back to the environment?” A conservation center is the project typology for this thesis, located in Spearfish, SD. The design looks to create a location that allows for research and fundraising for the effort of protecting our environment. This facility will provide a direct link with hunters and conservationists and their environment.
Reviltalize, Rebecca Johnson
Reviltalize, Rebecca Johnson
Architecture Theses
The abstract of this project is to study the connection between the human body (mind, body, and soul) and the built environment. This connection is made evident by the historic preservation and adaptation of a building formerly known and functioning as the State School of the Feebleminded in Grafton, ND, into a culturally based elder care living facility. A metaphor exists as a relationship between the effects that time has on a human being, comparable to similar effects that can be observed in a structure, i.e. loss of integrity, fear of being forgotten, providing a service or quality that has …
Design Active, Alyssa Stroh
Design Active, Alyssa Stroh
Architecture Theses
The way in which one’s environment is built has a strong influence on the individual and community as a whole. Societies across America are very diverse depending on geographical location, resources, economy, climate, and numerous other aspects that work together to influence who we are and how we work with one another. One source of influence that can easily be overlooked when analyzing the various elements used to build each individual and community is the built environment. This thesis will examine the relationship between the built environment and the influence it has on the health of the community. It will …
Manufacturing Optimization Of Non-Traditional Pasta Products, Elena De La Peña
Manufacturing Optimization Of Non-Traditional Pasta Products, Elena De La Peña
Plant Sciences
A study was conducted to determine the effect of including non-traditional ingredients on the flow and agglomeration properties of flour formulations, the rheological behavior of pasta dough, and the physical and cooked quality of the spaghetti. The effect of including non-traditional ingredients on the chemical changes that occurred in pasta during pasta making and cooking was also investigated. The formulations used were semolina 100% (S), whole wheat flour 100% (WW), semolina-whole wheat flour (49:51) (SWW), semolina-flaxseed flour (90:10), whole wheat flour-flaxseed flour (90:10), and semolina-whole wheat flour-flaxseed flour (39:51:10). Flaxseed flour was incorporated as fine (FF) or coarse (CF) particles. …
Seed To Seedling Transmission Of Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum In Dry Edible Pinto Bean, Jessica Marie Halvorson
Seed To Seedling Transmission Of Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum In Dry Edible Pinto Bean, Jessica Marie Halvorson
Plant Pathology
Dry bean anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is a damaging disease that can cause significant reductions in seed quality and yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the races of C. lindemuthianum isolates collected in North Dakota and to develop a real-time qPCR assay to quantify the pathogen in seed and stem tissue. Race 73 continues to be the most common in North Dakota across 33 isolates collected in 2012. The qPCR assay using primer pair ClF1527/ClR1609 was proven useful for quantifying C. lindemuthianum, and was more specific than a previously developed method. Results from greenhouse and field …
Glandular Trichome Evaluation Through Scanning Electron Microscopy And The Modified Enzymic Browning Assay, Adriana Virginia Rodríguez García
Glandular Trichome Evaluation Through Scanning Electron Microscopy And The Modified Enzymic Browning Assay, Adriana Virginia Rodríguez García
Plant Sciences
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ranks fifth in the USA in comparison with other countries regarding potato production. Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) is a devastating insect pest affecting potato in Canada and USA. Several researchers demonstrated that glandular trichomes on potato leaves provided CPB resistance. The experimental approach consisted of using Scanning Electron Microscope to assess the presence of glandular trichomes, the Modified Enzymic Browning Assay to screen leaves for the presence of glandular trichomes, and a two-year field trial to evaluate CPB defoliation effects on potato genotypes. The SEM provided a closer look at the morphology and quantity …
Soil Salinity And Sodicity Impacts On Soil Shrinkage, Water Movement And Retention, Hans Walter Klopp
Soil Salinity And Sodicity Impacts On Soil Shrinkage, Water Movement And Retention, Hans Walter Klopp
Soil Science
Saline, sodic, and saline-sodic ground waters are problematic throughout the Northern Great Plains and Red River Valley. High sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and low electrical conductivity (EC) of soil solution and irrigation waters are known to create issues with saturated soil hydrologic conductivity. Our objective was determine the impact of saline, sodic and saline-sodic solutions on soil shrinkage and soil hydrologic properties. Soil shrinkage, water retention, and hydraulic conductivity were determined on a variety of soil textures following saturation with salt solutions of variable EC and SAR combinations. Data were fitted with simple theoretical models then model parameters statistically compared. …
Evaluation Of Soil Potassium Test To Improve Fertilizer Recommendations For Corn, Manbir Kaur Rakkar
Evaluation Of Soil Potassium Test To Improve Fertilizer Recommendations For Corn, Manbir Kaur Rakkar
Soil Science
A study was conducted at thirteen locations in North Dakota and Minnesota in 2013 and 2014 with the objectives of determining difference between the soil potassium (K) results based upon air-dried (KDry) and field-moist (KMoist) soil samples during the corn growing season and to evaluate corn response to applied K-fertilizer. Overall, KDry tests showed higher K levels in the soil test results compared to KMoist but the pattern of deviation was dependent upon various soil properties such as initial soil K level. Temporal variation of soil K levels indicated a need to consider time of soil sampling while making fertilizer …