Digital Commons Network^™

Thermal Desorption And Decomposition Of Hazardous Organic Compound I: Mass Transfer Of Benzene And Chlorobenzene In Soil Matrices Ii: Oxidation And Pyrolysis Of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane In Methane/Oxygen/Argon, Yo-Ping Wu

Dissertations

I: Mass Transfer of Benzene and Chlorobenzene in Soil Matrices

Experimental measurements on several apparatus were used in conjunction with chromatographic theory to study the thermal adsorption and desorption of organic vapors on soil with different particle sizes for analysis mass transfer parameters and heat of adsorption. Benzene (C₆H₆) and chlorobenzene (C₆H₅Cl) were tested on soil with 0.55, 0.46, 0.36, and 0.225 mm average particle sizes. Sample injection volumes for organic compounds were studied to ensure linearity of gas chromatography. Equilibrium constants were strongly dependent on temperature but not on particle size. …

The Use Of Henry's Law Constants In The Determination Of Factors That Influence Voc Concentration In Aqueous And Gaseous Phases In Wastewater Treatment Plant, Hui-Zhi Yu

Theses

This study focuses on the determination and comparison of Henry's law constant of eight selected volatile organic compounds in the wastewater of Linden Roselle Sewerage Authority (LRSA) wastewater treatment plant. The factors that influence the vapor-aqueous equilibrium were studied by calculating the Henry's law constants of the different species determined in the gas phase before and after the spiking of different aqueous media. Both centrifuged and uncentrifuged wastewater samples were studied, and compared to distilled water.

For wastewater sample with no suspended particles, the amount of organics in wastewater appears to influence the Henry's law constant for compounds with low …

Analysis Of Electric Field On Surface Of An Atomically Sharp Field Emitter, Ziyan Cheng

Theses

In this thesis, exact calculation and computer simulation of an atomically sharp emitter are presented. In the theoretical analysis, the cathode-anode or cathode-gate complex is modeled for cone- and wedge-shaped emitters so that exact solution can be obtained. The exact solution reveals that the field on the emitter surface depends not only on the sharpness of the emitter, but also on the global geometry of the field emitter, gate, and anode complex. This finding is contrary to a widely accepted concept that field is predominantly determined only by local curvature of the tip.

The theoretical results are confirmed by computer …

Irreversible Immobilization Of Heavy Metal, Hyoung-Seog Ko

Theses

Heavy metals are contaminants of both solid and liquid wastes. For example, the ash produced from the incineration of domestic or industrial wastes often contains substantial concentration of lead, mercury, cadmium and other heavy metals that make it a hazardous waste. These heavy metals in wastes are hazardous because they are mobile. Immobilization of the metals is an effective method of rendering the metals harmless, provided that immobilization is irreversible. This study focused on the heavy metal immobilization potential associated with the activities of anaerobic bacteria known as the dissimilatory sulfate reducers (Postgate, 1984). The sulfate-reducing bacteria produce sulfide and …

An Implementation And Evaluation Of Distributed Information System Based On The Osca Architecture Guidelines, Babita Masand

Theses

The concepts in this thesis discuss and evaluate the need for systems integration. As a conceptual architecture, the OSCA^TM architecture is investigated. A prototype of the CS Department distributed information system is built following the guidelines and standards of this conceptual architecture. This prototype is implemented in 'C'. RPC (remote procedure call) is used for the communication channel to implement the distributed environment. Conclusions and results that were achieved by implementing this prototype are presented. The main outcome of this thesis is the introduction of the infrastructure to the GenSIF framework.

Modeling And Performance Of Token Bus Lan With Petri Nets, Zhenggang Pan

Theses

A token bus local area network (LAN) is analyzed by Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets (GSPN). The GSPN models of both a single station and LAN for four types of service schemes are obtained and their liveness property is proved. The network performance parameters comprise throughput and delay. The performance analysis for both symmetric and asymmetric single-service systems is conducted for varying load. In order to analyze a token bus LAN with a large number of stations, an approximation method is developed to resolve the .state space explosion problem. A token bus LAN with twenty-one stations is used to show the …

Optimization Of A 3-Micron Bccd Process For High Density Ccd Registers, Mark Ratner

Theses

In July 1991, Dr. Walter F. Kosonocky proposed a High-Frame-Rate-CCD Imager. The design of the imager is such that the CCD channel width be 3-microns and capable of handling at least 3000 - 5000 electrons per square micron. Using process (SUPREM III) and device (PISCES IIB) simulations, charge handling capacities as a function of implant energy and junction depth were studied. Arsenic implants ranging from 100 to 200keV were driven-in to obtain junction depths between 0.40µm and 0.80µm. As a result of this work it was determined that charge handling capacities as high as 9400 electrons/µm² were achievable with …

New Algorithms For Mid-Crack Codes In Image Processing, Wai-Tak Wong

Theses

The chain code is a widely-used description for a contour image. Recently, a mid-crack code algorithm has been proposed as another more precise method for image representation. New algorithms using this new mid-crack code for image representation, restoration, and skeletonization are developed. The efficiency and accuracy can be increased obviously.

Firstly, the conversion of a binary image with multiple regions into the mid-crack codes is presented. A fast on-line implementation can be achieved using tables look-up. The input binary image may contain several object regions and their mid-crack codes can be extracted at the same time in a single-pass row-by-row …

Decomposition Of Geometric-Shaped Structuring Elements And Optimization On Euclidean Distance Transformation Using Morphology, Hong Wu

Theses

Mathematical morphology which is based on geometric shape, provides an approach to the processing and analysis of digital images. Several widely-used geometric-shaped structuring elements can be used to explore the shape characteristics of an object. In first chapter, we present a unified technique to simplify the decomposition of various types of big geometric-shaped structuring elements into dilations of smaller structuring components by the use of a mathematical transformation. Hence, the desired morphological erosion and dilation are equivalent to a simple inverse transformation over the result of operations on the transformed decomposable structuring elements. We also present a strategy to decompose …

Ultrasonic Ranging System For Gait Analysis, Mu Wu

Theses

A new method of measuring range for gait analysis is described. The method is based on a coherent measurement of the phase shift of an ultrasonic signal as a function of range.

A prototype of the ranging system was breadboarded, tested, and found to have a relative accuracy of better than 0.5 mm over a range of 3 meters. The maximum range the system is at least 20 meters. The method used here is new and has not been found in the literature. Tt is demonstrated by experiments with a prototype system that can measure distance with a higher accuracy …

Pure Strong Competition For Two Microbial Populations In A Chemostat, Efthimios Ioannis Banias

Theses

The dynamics of pure, strong, double competition between two microbial populations in an ideal chemostat have been investigated by using mathematical and numerical analysis. The two nutrients competed for have been assumed to be complementary for both competitors. Inter active models have been used for the specific growth rates. Two cases have been considered; one in which neither of the two substrates exerts inhibitory effects on the growth of either one of the competing populations, and one in which the growth of one population is inhibited by only one of the two substrates. The primary focus of this investigation was …

The Removal Hcl From Hot Gases With Calcium Compounds, Qian Lao

Theses

The use of CaCO₃, Ca(OH)₂, and CaO as adsorbents for removal of HCl from hot gas streams is investigated through a series of experiments. The experiments are conducted to evaluate the influence of key parameters such as temperature, (500 K to 1000 K), particle size, (0.037 mm to 3.36 mm), pressure drop of the packed bed, (0.1 cm H₂O to 25.5 cm H₂O), and concentration of CCl in the feed gas, (1,550 ppm to 20,000 ppm), on HCl adsorption. The results of these experiments show that all three of the calcium compound …

Design Of Stable Di And Tetraradical Nitroxides As Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents, Radha V. Iyer

Theses

Several nitroxides have been prepared in the Biotechnology Laboratory at NJIT to study their image enhancement capability. These nitroxides contain different moieties within one molecule and their paramagnetism is found to be initially increasing proportionally to the number of their radical centers. It is found that the addition of nitroxides at very close distances causes interference and a reduction of intensity due to the interaction of the two paramagnetic centers with each other. Thus MRI contrast agents are not improved by simple addition of nitroxide centers to a given molecule and drug designers must pay special attention to intramolecular spacing. …

Influence Of Fly Ash And Chromium Characteristics On Compressive Strength Of Mortar And Concrete, Lin Wang

Theses

The behavior of cement mortar incorporating fly ash varies with chemical and physical characteristics of fly ash. Of many parameters affecting the compressive strength of fly ash mortar, five were investigated in this study. They are the particle size, the particle size distribution, fineness of fly ash, the CaO content and the Fe₂O₃ content.

Fly ashes from two different sources were used in this study. One comes from the Public Service Electric and Gas (PSE&G)'s electrical generation station in Hudson County and the other is from the PSE&G plant in Mercer County. Each was separated into seven …

Interpreting And Integrating Landsat Remote Sensing Image And Geographic Information System By Fuzzy Unsupervised Clustering Algorithm, Gwotsong Philip Chen

Theses

Due to the resolution of Landsat images and the multiplicity of the terrain, it is improper to assign each pixel in an image to one of a number of land cover types by using the conventional remote sensing classification method. This is also known as the hard partition method. The concept of the fuzzy set provides the means to resolve this problem. This paper presents a two-pass-mode fuzzy unsupervised clustering algorithm.

In the first passing, the cluster mean vectors which represent the geographic attributes or the land cover types are derived. In the second passing, the concept of fuzzy set …

Microwave Treatment Of Hazardous Wastes : Feasibility Studies - Operating Costs, Yongping Lu

Theses

Pilot plant studies have been carried out on a process for the remediation of soils contaminated with volatile organics (VOCs) and semi-volatile organics (SVOCs) by microwave-assisted steam distillation that had been developed in benchscale studies. The major concern had been that the process is based upon the use of electrical energy, and thus could not be competitive with fossil fuel based technologies like incineration. That concern was addressed in the pilot plant studies.

A pilot plant rated at 6 kW power and a cavity of approximately 60 cubic feet was used. In studies carried out on a water load it …

The Effects Of Twist On Pressure Through A Teflon Vascular Prosthesis, Steven Alfred Olivieri

Theses

A closed loop fluid system was developed which mimics the flow curve in the human circulatory system in order to test the effects of pressure drop and flow velocity on artificial arterial implants. This device consists of a piston pump connected to a microcomputer controlled servo-motor. Fluid (in this case distilled water) flows through transparent Tygon tubing to a test chamber. The prosthetic tube is placed in the fluid but is attached through a specially constructed chamber. The pressure across the implant can be measured for different conditions. System compliance was generated by using flexible tubing in the return loop …

Measurement Of Vocs Pollution From Recycling Petroleum Contaminated Soils In Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete, Yaoqing Chen

Theses

The petroleum contaminated soils (PCSs) due to leaking underground storagetanks are required to be removed and isolated in a designated area for proper treatment. Recently, a technique of recycle has been developed to incorporate PCSs into hot mixing asphalt (HMA) as a partial substitute for stone aggregate; the mixture then was used for road paving.

This study focuses on the estimation of the emission of volatile organic compounds from the process of mixing asphalt with PCSs and the contamination of ground water by paving the asphalt mixture made with PCSs. Eleven volatile organic compounds and total non-methane organic compounds emitted …

Local Stress Due To A Radial Loading At Nozzle-Pipe Connection With Different Thickness, Guosheng Lu

Theses

This thesis presents an analysis using the finite element method of the local stress at the nozzle and pipe connection subjected to a radial loading.

In this study, the local stress factor (for membrane and bending stresses) is presented in a series of plots with beta (nozzle radius/pipe radius) values ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 and gamma (pipe radius/wall thickness) values ranging from 10 to 100. The membrane and bending stresses in longitudinal and circumferential directions of the run pipe are computed as a function of the dimensionless parameters, beta and gamma.

For a given external radial loading with different …

Thermal Oxidative Decomposition Of Chlorobenzene In A Tubular Flow Reactor, Jian Liu

Theses

The thermal reaction experiments of chlorobenzene decomposition were carried out in a tubular flow reactor in hydrogen and oxygen mixtures ranged from 1% to 5% at one atmosphere total pressure. Experiment temperatures were varied over a range of 590--640°C. Residence times ranged from 0.3 to 2.0 seconds.

It was found that the decomposition of chlorobenzene increased with both temperature and residence time. The oxidation of chlorobenzene occurred more rapidly when oxygen concentration was increased. 95% decomposition of chlorobenzene occurred at 620°C, O₂/H₂ = 5%, and two seconds residence time.

The major products were benzene and HCl, and …

I: Reaction Of Ch3c1 With H2 And Ch4 Under Oxidation And Pyrolysis Conditions Ii: Kinetic Analysis Of C2h6, C2h4, And C2h2 Reactions With Oh, O, H, And Cl, Qing-Rui Yu

Theses

Experimental and detailed modeling are presented for the high temperature combustion systems involving CH₃Cl/CH₄/O₂ and C₃3Cl/H₂/O₂ reactions. More important C2 species reaction rate constant are created. A mechanism incorporating 263 step elementary reactions and 76 stable compounds and active radicals is developed based on (1) fundamental thermochemical and Kinetic principles (2) Quantum Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel (QRRK) theory analysis (3) accurate thermodynamic Properties and thermochemical analysis (4) reliable experimental data to validate our model.

The study of Part II evaluates and analyzes theoretically the rate constants of C₂H₆, C …

The Study Of Activated Sludge Settleability Using The Solids-Flux Analysis, Churng-Cherng Lin

Theses

The activated sludge was cultivated in two pilot-scale activated sludge systems under three ratios of BOD to N, equal to 20:1, 70:1 and 300:1 in the influent wastewater. The aeration tank of the activated sludge system was constructed in two different configurations: one without compartments in the tank, the other consisting of six compartments. The activated sludge withdrawn from the last compartment of each system was tested in a one-liter graduate cylinder to measure its zone settling velocity. The solids-flux method was employed to analyze the sludge settling characteristic as a function of solids concentration. The results show that the …

Comparing Techniques Of Mapping Pyramid Algorithms Onto The Hypercube : A Case Study For The Connection Machine, Muhammad Ali Siddiqui

Theses

The pyramid structure is most widely used for low-level and intermediate-level image processing and computer vision because of its efficient support of both local and global operations. However, the cost of pyramid computers (PC) may be very high. They also do not support the efficient implementation of the majority of the scientific algorithms. In contrast, the hypercube network has widely been used in the field of parallel processing because it offers a high degree of fault tolerance, a small diameter and rich interconnection structure that permits fast communication at a reasonable cost. Thus, several algorithms have been developed for the …

A New Method To Optimize The Satellite Broadcasting Schedules Using The Mean Field Annealing Of A Neural Network, Youyi Yu

Theses

This thesis reports a new method for optimizing satellite broadcasting schedules based on the Hopfield neural model in combination with the mean field annealing theory. A clamping technique is used with an associative matrix, thus reducing the dimensions of the solution space. A formula for estimating the critical temperature for the mean field annealing procedure is derived, hence enabling the updating of the mean field theory equations to be more economical. Several factors on the numerical implementation of the mean field equations using a straightforward iteration method that may cause divergence are discussed; methods to avoid this kind of divergence …

Kinetic Measuremenmt Of Decomposition Of Aniline, 2,4-Dichlorophenol And 1,2,4-Trichlorophenol Using A Calorimetric Method, Ming-Chin Chang

Theses

Biological treatment techniques for detoxification of toxic organic compounds have been studied and applied for many years. There are many research and commercial applications proving that the biological method is more economic and efficient than the other treatment methods.

The traditional biomass measurements are time-consuming tasks. Researchers have intended to develop a simpler, faster, and also accurate method for determining the bioactivity. This study has tried to use the microcalorimetric method to monitor the energy productions from the degradation of aniline, 2,4-Dichlorophenol and 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene. Thereafter, by utilizing the data obtained from the present study, it was possible to compute kinetic …

A Computer Implementation Of A Multi-Neuron Expandable Network, Mary Ellen Ellen Aleksza

Theses

The primary goal of this thesis is to develop a small, expandable neural network that oscillates when presented with an appropriate stimulus. This model will be used in the future as a base to create larger networks. Future studies of these larger networks may be used in the simulation of neuronal activity such biological oscillators.

This thesis encompasses a study of neuron activity, neural networks, neuron models and biological oscillators. The focus of the thesis is the modification and expansion of a single neuron simulation into a simulation of an interconnected multi-neuron oscillatory network.

A single neuron model based on …

Computational Aspects Of A Three Dimensional Non-Intrusive Particle Motion Tracking System, Avadhani S. Ashok

Theses

Development of a technique for non-intrusive particle motion tracking in three dimensions is considered. This technique is based on the principle of magnetic induction. In particular, the determination of the position and onentation of the particle from the information gathered is the pnncipal focus of this thesis. The development of such a system is motivated by the need to understand the flow patterns of granular material. This is of cntical importance in dealing with problems associated with bulk solids flows which occur in almost all industries and in natural geological events. A study of the current diagnostic techniques reveals the …

Graphical Image Persistence And Code Generation For Object Oriented Databases, Subrata Chatterjee

Theses

Attached is the detailed description of the design and implementation of graphical image persistence and code generation for object oriented databases. Graphical image persistent is incorporated into a graphics editor called OODINI. OODINI creates and manipulates graphical schemas for object-oriented databases. This graphical image on secondary storage is then translated into an abstract, generic code for dual model databases. This abstract code, DAL can then be converted into different dual model database languages. We provide an example by generating code for the VODAK Data Modeling language. It is also possible to generate a different abstract language code, OODAL from a …

Transformations And Analysis Of Parallel Real Time Programs, Chandima J. Gunasekara

Theses

The problem of schedulability analysis of a set of real time programs form a NP complete problem. The exponential complexity of analysis is a direct result of the complexity in the real time programs, as a combinatorial explosion takes place when trying to determine access patterns of shared resources. Thus, to transform the original programs to a less complex form, while preserving its timing characteristics, is the only viable solution. By using such transformations to reduce the complexity of real time programs, it is possible to schedulability analyze programs at compile time efficiently, without adding an unnecessary overhead to the …

Microwave Treatment Of Hazardous Wastes : Feasibility Studies-Mass Balances, Liu Liu

Theses

This laboratory has been developing processes for the remediation of soils contaminated with hazardous wastes using microwave treatment. The initial stage was to define situations in which microwave treatment could potentially have unique advantages, and to define the relevant physical chemical mechanisms. That having been accomplished, at the present stage, feasibility studies are being carried to determine whether or not on-site field testing is justified. To that end, mass balances on the processes are needed. In this study mass balance studies were carried out on the microwave assisted steam distillation of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and semi-volatile organics (SVOCs), respectively, …