Digital Commons Network^™

Soft Decision Adaptive Multiuser Cdma Detector For Asynchronous Awgn Channels, Frank Viehofer

Theses

A multiuser detector in an asynchronous, additive white Gaussian noise, codedivision multipleaccess (CDMA) channel is proposed and analyzed. It employs a combination of a decorrelator and a nonlinear multiuser interference canceler that utilizes soft tentative decisions. The weights of the canceler are adaptively adjusted, in a manner that renders the knowledge of received signal energies and the use of training sequences unnecessary. The steady state error performance of the detector is obtained and found to be superior to the performance of the same detector that utilizes hard tentative decisions.

Quantitative Studies Of An Immobilized Cell Oxidative Bioreactor, Timothy Lance Borkowski

Theses

The purpose of this work was to determine a suitable method of utilizing dissolved oxygen in reservoir solution data to quantitatively measure the amount of oxygen and substrate consumed for an immobilized cell batch bioreactor in a recirculation configuration. Statistical analysis was performed on multiple phenol injections to determine the mathematical relationship between dissolved oxygen readout and the amount of phenol degraded.

Factors considered in the mathematical analysis include amount of substrate degraded, reaction time, recirculation flow rate, measured dissolved oxygen concentration and oxygen consumption, oxygen conversion per pass through the bioreactor during steady state, and vitality of the microorganisms. …

Implementation Of Time-Frequency Distribution Software And Its Use To Study Biological Signals, Mansour Adib

Theses

The joint time-frequency signal representation has received considerable attention as a powerful tool for analyzing biological signals. It combine time-domain and frequency-domain analyses to yield a potentially more revealing picture of the temporal localization of a signal's spectral components. In this research we have developed algorithm which implement time-frequency signal analysis techniques on a computer system. Its primary function is to produce a variety of time-frequency representations and plots from the time series. Numerous generated signals were used to justify our computer algorithm.

Variety of time-frequency distribution were utilized to expand the concept of spectral analysis of heart rate variability, …

Use Of Multiple Transmitters For 3-D Non-Intrusive Particle Tracking, Jitesh H. Agrawal

Theses

A method for non-intrusive tracking of a particle in 3-dimensional space, based on processing of signals emitted from a transmitter embedded in the particle, is being developed. This method uses a mathematical model, which predicts the induced signal in receivers present in the vicinity of flowing particle, and supporting numerical techniques. Specific application aspects related to improving the accuracy of this method are presented.

The focus here is the development of flexible software capable of processing information coming from multiple transmitters with known distinct spatial orientation. Implementation aspects of modified existing empirical corrections for improving model-reality agreement, and new techniques …

Model Parameter Identification For Rod And Cone Oscillatory Potentials, Kehur Banker

Theses

The use of signal modeling of the oscillatory potential (OP) of the electroretinogram (ERG), in the study of cone-rod interaction is investigated. ERG response data were analyzed for red, orange, blue and white flashes on no background and with red flashes on a blue background (to suppress rod responses). The OP signals were extracted from the ERG by digital bandpass filtering and a signal model was fitted through a simplex algorithm to produce the parameters including "OP envelope-amplitude", latency in terms of "center-time" of the OP-envelope and OP frequency. Amplitude for red flashes with or without a blue background showed …

Off-Line Hand-Printed Chinese Character Recognition Based On Stroke Matching, Sunshine Chang

Theses

The specific purpose of this thesis is the automated recognition of the off-line Chinese hand-printed characters by using a blue ball-point pen. Through mask processing, the main components in a Chinese character such as vertical, horizontal, and slant strokes can be extracted. Then, the connected components with the coordinates of the top, bottom, leftmost, and rightmost ends of each stroke extracted are found. From these coordinates, the length and position of each stroke can be computed.

According to the number, relative length, and relative position of each stroke, both of the coarse and fine rule-based classification can be made, and …

A Comparison Between Revealed Preference (Rp) And Stated Preference (Sp) Based On Results Of Simulations, Qiuzi Chen

Theses

This research quantifies the potential biases resulted from two different data generation methods used in transportation modeling: Revealed Preference (RP) and Stated Preference (SP) techniques. Revealed Preference technique is the conventional approach to generate data. It relies on observed or reported data of actual behavior. Stated preference technique is a new data generation method. It creates transportation scenarios using hypothetical data. Conventional studies favor the use of revealed reference. However, full description of advantages and weaknesses of using revealed preference technique is not available in literature, neither point-to-point comparison between stated preference and revealed preference techniques. This research contributes to …

Development Of An Expert System To Facilitate A Pump Manufacturing/Warehouse Facility, Muhammad Mutahir Ghauri

Theses

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing an expert system technology as it relates to manufacturing. It appears that our industries are still uncertain about this technology. In the first phase of this study, procedure for deployment of this technology is discussed. Secondly a knowledge-based expert system is developed, using a VP-Expert microcomputer shell. The system is made of three modules, inventory module, cost analysis module, and decision making module (for the selection of pumps).

A warehouse was selected for the analysis, which carries the finished product in the form of pumps. The quantities and …

The Growth, Enrichment, And Dehalogenating Properties Of Pyrococcus Gbd And Desulfurococcus Sy, Siegfried Georg Mueller

Theses

Recent investigations of volcanic smoker chimneys along the Atlantic Rift has lead to the discovery of hyperthermophilic bacteria. In particular, Pyrococcus GBD and Desulfurococcus SY were studied, optimizing growth conditions. This was achieved using elemental sulfur amendments, artificial sea water, and dehydrated marine broth. The microbes were then acclimated to enriched cultures containing 2,4,6 trichlorophenol in 0.0126 mM, 0.063 mM, and 0.126 mM amendments. The amended cultures showed dehalogenating properties and were subjected to a data qualifying program. This program indicated that the dehalogenation was a function of microbial gowth. A mass balance experiment showed that both microbes were able …

Mechanical Behavior Of Polystyrene Foam Bead Lightweight Concrete, Hai-Ying Ni

Theses

This thesis is designed to investigate the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties (strength and modulus) of concrete, and to evaluate the effect of silica fume on the mechanical properties of the polystyrene foam bead lightweight concrete. In this research we made the lightweight concrete by using polystyrene foam beads as light weight aggregate and studied its mechanical properties in detail. Due to the near zero density and modulus of foam beads, we were able to consider it as "porosity". We could then control porosity in concrete by varying foam bead volume fraction.

In our experiments we used the …

A High Temperature Pressure Sensor Based On Magnetic Coupling And Silicon Wafer Bonding, Deguang Zhu

Theses

In this thesis, the design and fabrication of a bulk micromachined and wafer bonded pressure sensor for high temperature applications is described. The device design is based on the magnetic coupling principle as described by the Biot-Savart law. By combining the mechanical properties of single crystal silicon with magnetic coupling, the designed sensor can be operated up to 600°C. The key components within the sensor are two inductive coils, a silicon diaphragm and a hermetic vacuum cavity.

The modeling based on a nine-turn single level coil device and a 300 μm x 300 diaphragm indicates an output rms voltage range …

Am/Fm Digital Audio Broadcasting In-Band On-Channel Transmission, Michael Meyer

Theses

This thesis examines the in-band on-channel transmission of digital audio data for application in Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB). The premise is to use the existing FM channels for transmission of DAB. For the FM channel used for analog audio transmission, two different scenarios are suggested and investigated.

In the first scenario, to enable overlay of the new DAB and current FM transmissions, the digital data is modulated by a direct sequence spread spectrum signal to bring the average transmitted power below that of the FM signal using the same channel. The FM signal interferes with the digital transmission and it …

Statistical And Finite Element Analysis Of The Effects Of Random Input Parameters On The Mechanical Characteristics Of Sheetmetal Forming Processes Using Quadrature Method, Yu Quan

Theses

In this thesis, the computer aided finite element analysis is implemented in the analysis of sheetmetal forming process. To rationalize the experimentation and analysis, the statistical method is introduced to study the variability of sheetmetal deformation process and final shape with respect to the variation of different parameters.

In Chapter 2, the basic characteristics and considerations of deep drawing operation is described with emphasis on the study of geometrical and physical variables of the forming process.

Chapter 3 discussed the three phases which are encountered in the computer aided finite element analysis. As a typical representative of professional finite element …

Bioremediation Of 2-Chlorophenol In A Laboratory Soil Column, Timothy A. Coon

Theses

In-situ bioremediation offers the prospect of rendering organic contaminants harmless without having to remove them from the subsurface. It involves the modification of environmental factors to stimulate the biodegradation of chemicals in the subsurface by microorganisms. However, for the cost-effective use of in-situ bioremediation, it is necessary to develop accurate engineering models to quantify biodegradation.

In this thesis, the biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol in a laboratory soil column was examined in order to experimentally verify an engineering model. Experiments were performed to obtain the physical and biological parameters required by the model, and the steady-state 2-chlorophenol distribution in the column.

A …

Performance Evaluation And Sequence Control Of An Automatedmanufacturing System, Vijaykumar D. Desai

Theses

In an automated sequential manufacturing system Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) are widely used. As the control specification varies, the control software needs to be rewritten to accommodate the new specification. Since PLC has high flexibility, one can update the current system while it is running thereby making easier implementation. In order to design flexible, reusable and maintainable control software, a good modeling tool is required. Petri nets are such a tool. Which facilitates analysis of behavioral properties, performance evaluation, and systematic construction of discrete event simulators and controllers. In this thesis a system with one robot and five sequential work …

Ultra-Thin Silicon Wafer Bonding, Diyu Yan

Theses

In this thesis the history and recent developments on the silicon direct bonding technique are reviewed. The growing applications of this technique in SOI, SOS and MEMS areas, difficulties and disadvantages of various bonding processes are discussed. A direct bonding procedure for attaching ultra-thin wafers less than 200 μm thick to substrate wafers is developed and described in detail. Difficulties in handling, aligning and annealing ultra-thin wafers are reported. Wafers of different doping concentration, thickness, surface roughness and chemical characteristics are tested for bondability. Methods to minimize voids and other failure mechanisms are proposed. A photodetector is designed based on …

Microaccelerometer With Mechanically-Latched Memory, Zhenyu Ma

Theses

A new mechanically-latching micromachined accelerometer is designed in this thesis based on the large deflection of a microcantilever beam. This surface micromachined device moves in the plane of the substrate surface. This device is surface micromachined with no backside etching needed. The interaction of the friction tether and the dimensions of the cantilever beam have been modeled and calculated. The design acceleration sensitivity range is from 100G to 1000G. The photomask set has been designed by using the Mentor Graphics system. The dimension of individual accelerometers ranges from 100 to 1000 micrometers in length to tens of micrometers in width. …

Silicon Optical Fiber Pressure Sensor, Jian Pan

Theses

A novel optical fiber pressure sensor based on a micromachined thin silicon diaphragm is proposed. Detail descriptions of the sensor structure, modulation principle and fabrication process are given.

The device operates on the following principle: Pressure deflects a silicon diaphragm which moves the output end of a light source fiber. The emitted light intensity is picked up and shared by two receiving fibers placed side by side. The variation of the intensity ratio in the receiving fibers caused by the relative motion of the emitting fiber can be easily converted to a linear signal versus the deflection of the silicon …

An Adaptive Asynchronous Cdma Receiver And Its Convergence Analysis, Lizhi Zhong

Theses

An adaptive CDMA receiver scheme assuming perfect synchronization has been generalized in this thesis to the asynchronous channel, a much more practical assumption of the real system. Similar formulas are derived and as its synchronous version, it is still near-far resistant and requires no knowldge [sic] of received signal amplitudes and training sequences. Thus, sophisticated high-precision power control and user power estimation are not necessary and the receiver is particularly useful in mobile communications since it can adjust itself adaptively to changes in the power of the users. Tile convergence and transient behavior of the receiver are also investigated and …

Heart Rate Variability Studies On Ambulatory Subjects Using Ekg Derived Respiration, Xiaorui Tang

Theses

Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) provides a powerful non-invasive too] for exploring the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. In the spectrum of HRV, there are three distinct peaks. The high frequency (HF) band (0.15 to 0.4 Hz) is correlated with parasympathetic activity and this is the band of interest 'in the study.

Two OTOUPS Of SL113jeCtS were considered in this work, stroke survivors and subjects performing an oral presentation in front of an audience. Data were collected with a Holter monitor to allow for ambulatory recording. Respiration was derived from the …

Simulation Study Of Particle Tracking System, Prashant B. Patel

Theses

A particle tracking system is being developed in the Particle Technology Laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Department, at NJIT, In this thesis, an attempt is made to understand the effect of various parameters on the errors in the computed position and orientation of the sphere being tracked. Simulation results for a single transmitter assembly as well as a three transmitter assembly with 6, 9 and 17 antennae are presented. The effects of the level of noise in the voltages on the solution for the single transmitter assembly and three transmitter assembly are discussed. The concept of virtual antenna is introduced …

Single-Axis Agonistic Motion Control System With Electro-Magnetic Actuators, Alexander Rokhvarg

Theses

A novel single-axis motion control system using solenoid electromagnet actuators is built and successfully controlled using a non-linear real-time control algorithm. Procedures for defining and modeling the electromagnetic actuator are established and implemented. Discrete-time nonlinear control law with global asymptotic stability and zero steady-state error is designed and numerically optimized. Stable operation with small-signal 0dB crossover frequency of 370 Rad/sec and positioning RMS steady-state error of better than 4 micron is achieved. Time domain parameters are verified on a working prototype. A step reference response positioning a 0.35 Kg mass payload over 1 cm travel in under 30 milliseconds is …

Removal Of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons From Water By Air Stripping And Solvent Sublation, Alpana Gami

Theses

Removal of trichloroethylene, monochlorobenzene and 1,3 dichlorobenzene from water by air stripping and solvent sublation into an organic phase was investigated. The sublation solvents used were paraffin oil and decyl alcohol. The rate of removal from water by solvent sublation and air stripping was highest for trichloroethylene, followed by chlorobenzene and finally 1,3 dichlorobenzene. For the three compounds, solvent sublation had the greatest advantage over air stripping in the reduction of emission of the compounds to the atmosphere. For the three compounds, the removal was enhanced at higher flowrate in both air stripping and solvent sublation. For the removal of …

Viscoelastic Effects On Parallel Flow Stability, Transition To Turbulence, And Turbulent Flow, Michael Garofalo

Theses

The classical two dimensional theory of stability of parallel flow is extended to viscoelastic fluids. How the elasticity of the fluid affects the point of stability and determines the point of transition to turbulence is analyzed. In addition the magnification of disturbances is elucidated. This study is based on a viscoelastic constitutive equation which has been successful in predicting the experimental trends of various unsteady high shear rate laminar flows. A viscoelastic stability equation which is an extension to the Orr-Sommerfeld equation for a Newtonian fluid is derived and solved for a flow between parallel plates superimposed by a two-dimensional …

Catalytic Oxidation Of Trichloroethylene Over 5% [Alpha]-Fe2o3/[Gamma]-Alumina On A Honeycomb Monolith, Jeongho Han

Theses

This study addresses the ability of iron oxide to catalytically oxidize low concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE) with air. The catalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene in a tubular reactor system was evaluated experimentally as a function of temperature and space velocity. A gas chromatograph with electron capture and flame ionization detectors was used for quantitative analysis of feed and product streams. X-ray diffraction measurement were used to qualitatively analyze the catalyst. The result indicate that over 99% conversion of 109 ppmv trichloroethylene in air is achieved at 1,490 v/v/hr and 450 °C, and at 21,768 v/v/hr, 550 °C. The major products from …

A Pharmacokinetic Model Of The Liver, Samirbhai Rameshbhai Patel

Theses

The liver is the major organ where chemical breakdown of organic and inorganic compounds takes place. A pharmacokinetic heterogeneous model was developed for the local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug lidocaine. It was assumed that transport and elimination of lidocaine and its metabolites are linear with concentration. Simulations were done using VisSim software on a 486 based personal computer to obtain concentration profiles for hepatic clearance and for step input of the drug and its metabolites. It was found that the rate of uptake and rate of breakdown were 0.48 min^-1 and 0.49 min^-1 respectively for lidocaine. The results …

Simulation Of Activity Rhythms In The Hamster, Paul Qassis

Theses

In this research, an effort was made to better understand light-dark cycles which influence the physiological and psychological rhythms, circadian rhythms and their behavior. The research concentrated on mathematically modeling circadian rhythms (specifically hamsters' circadian activity rhythms) and establishing a physical correlation and creating a meaningful relationship between the mathematical model's parameters and the real biological oscillators which are responsible for these rhythms. The internal nature of the circadian rhythms is unclear. There is insufficient information and empirical data that describe them. Indirect means have to be employed for the description and exploration of such rhythms. Extensive real data analysis …

Requirements, Design And Business Process Reengineering As Vital Parts Of Any System Development Methodology, Alicja Ruszala

Theses

This thesis analyzes different aspects of system development life cycle, concentrating on the requirements and design stages. It describes various methodologies, methods and tools that have been developed over the years. It evaluates them and compares them against each other. Finally a conclusion is made that there is a very important stage missing in the system development life cycle, which is the Business Process Reengineering Stage.

A General Method For The Inverse Kinematics Of Rotational Displacements In Spatial Mechanisms, John D. Kliminski

Theses

An iterative technique was developed to solve the inverse kinematics problem for the joint rotations in both closed-loop and open-loop spatial mechanisms and robotic manipulators in any prescribed configuration. The method is based on fixing one link in space and maneuvering the other links to form a closed chain, following an approximation of the actual physical assembly of the mechanism. In order to apply the same principle to both types of mechanisms, an open-loop mechanism was modeled as a closed-loop mechanism by creating a fictitious fixed link in the free space between the base and the end of the chain …

An Investigation Into Artificial Intelligence Based Generative Computer Process Planning, William Tereshkovich

Theses

The process planning function can be further optimized with the introduction of an intelligent software package such as an Artificial Intelligence based Generative Computer Process Planning System. An AI based CAPP system, also categorized as an expert system, provides the vital link between design and manufacture, a "bridge" of knowledge in the information chain of manufacturing engineering. With the increasing role of computers in the process planning function, planning has become easier, faster, and more efficient.

This thesis provides an explanation of the process planning function and how artificial intelligence will improve it. Topics in AI techniques and procedures, knowledge …