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Estimation Of Amplification Spectra For P And Sv Waves, Ken'ichi Abe, Kin'ichi Kasuda, Michiyasu Terada, Teruo Shimizu Mar 1991

Estimation Of Amplification Spectra For P And Sv Waves, Ken'ichi Abe, Kin'ichi Kasuda, Michiyasu Terada, Teruo Shimizu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to evaluate site effects on strong ground motions, the earthquake motions obtained from the vertical array deploying toward the depth of 400m and a part of the satellite array around its array are used. Dividing horizontal and vertical Lime histories into two potions which have primary and secondary arrivals respectively, their amplification spectral ratios between particular two points in and around the vertical array are examined as a problem of incident P- and SV-wave into stratified structures.

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Applications Of The Band-Limited-White Noise Source Model For Predicting Site-Specific Strong Ground Motions, Ivan G. Wong, Walter J. Silva, Robert B. Darragh, Cathy Stark, Douglas H. Wright Mar 1991

Applications Of The Band-Limited-White Noise Source Model For Predicting Site-Specific Strong Ground Motions, Ivan G. Wong, Walter J. Silva, Robert B. Darragh, Cathy Stark, Douglas H. Wright

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Since the Band-Limited-White-Noise (BLWN) source model coupled with random vibration theory (RVT) was first developed in the early 1980's, it has been used successfully to predict strong ground motions at rock sites in different tectonic regimes. The BLWN-RVT methodology is appropriate for an engineering characterization of strong ground motions at a site since the method captures the important features of these motions in terms of peak acceleration and spectral composition and requires a minimum of input parameters. Recently, the capability to estimate strong ground motions at soil sites has been incorporated into the methodology by using RVT and plane-wave propagators …

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Post Evaluation On Reservoir Triggered Seismicity Of Khao Laem Dam, N. Hetrakul, B. Tanittiraporn, R. Sittipod, P. Vivattananon Mar 1991

Post Evaluation On Reservoir Triggered Seismicity Of Khao Laem Dam, N. Hetrakul, B. Tanittiraporn, R. Sittipod, P. Vivattananon

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Investigation on reservoir associated earthquake phenomena in western part of Thailand was carried out since early 1983. After impoundment of Khao Laem Reservoir in June 1984 earthquake events had been recorded by micro seismic network around reservoir area. Evaluation of seismic parameters and earthquake pattern and the focal mechanism solutions indicate the earthquakes were triggered by impoundment and the hypocentral distribution confirm the earthquake activities along the north east direction. Results obtained from investigation clearly differentiate the reservoir induced earthquakes phenomena from natural tectonic earthquakes.

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Statistical Relations Between Intensity And Magnitude Of Southeastern United States Earthquakes, Ali A. Nowroozi Mar 1991

Statistical Relations Between Intensity And Magnitude Of Southeastern United States Earthquakes, Ali A. Nowroozi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The least squared, the major axis and the reduced major axis criterion are used to deduce a statistical relation between magnitude, mbLg, and intensity, I, for the earthquakes-in southeastern United States. Based on a catalog of 162 events during 1833 to 1987, with magnitudes between 1.1 and 6.9 and intensities between II and X, it is shown that the reduced major axis criterion produces: mbLg = (0.656 ± 0.058)*I + (0.402 ± 0.178), which is the best predictor equation of magnitude for the upper range of the observed intensities. The predictor equations based on the least squared …

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General Report Session 10: Wave Propagation In Soils, Chaim J. Poram Mar 1991

General Report Session 10: Wave Propagation In Soils, Chaim J. Poram

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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General Report Session 11: Dynamic Characteristics Of Vibration Sources Other Than Earthquakes, Toyoaki Nogami Mar 1991

General Report Session 11: Dynamic Characteristics Of Vibration Sources Other Than Earthquakes, Toyoaki Nogami

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Performance Of A Cement Silo Under Quarry Blast, Krishen Kumar, Gopal Ranjan, Shamsher Prakash Mar 1991

Performance Of A Cement Silo Under Quarry Blast, Krishen Kumar, Gopal Ranjan, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Behaviour of a 67 m tall R.C.C. twin storage-cum-blending cement silo has been studied under blast loads from a nearby limestone quarry. This paper reports the findings of the analytical and experimental studies and verification of the results of analysis by the measurements made on the prototype structure, which agreed within 10%. Acceleration response of the structure were recorded for a blast of 2.61 t having six delays with maximum charge per delay 800 kg. A series of small and large size blasts were conducted to establish relationship between peak ground acceleration and distance from the blast. Non-dimensional acceleration response …

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Response Of Frame Foundations To Vertical Vibrations, P. J. Moore, T. P. Tan Mar 1991

Response Of Frame Foundations To Vertical Vibrations, P. J. Moore, T. P. Tan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A series of vertical vibration tests was carried out on small lm span steel portal frames of different stiffnesses and supported on two isolated rigid circular footings on a compacted sand deposit. Dynamic loading was applied to the center of the frame and the response was monitored by means of six accelerometers attached at various locations. The resonant frequency and the maximum amplitude of vibration were observed to be dependent on the frame stiffness and two theoretical models, the combined method and the dynamic deformation method, were used to compare calculated and observed results.

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Behavior Of Buildings In August 21, 1988 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake, S. K. Thakkar, D. K. Paul, S. Mukerjee, S. Bandyopadhyay, Ashwani Kumar, B. V. K. Lavania Mar 1991

Behavior Of Buildings In August 21, 1988 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake, S. K. Thakkar, D. K. Paul, S. Mukerjee, S. Bandyopadhyay, Ashwani Kumar, B. V. K. Lavania

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A moderate size earthquake rocked Bihar-Nepal border at 4.40 hrs. on August 21, 1988 causing wide spread devastation leading to loss of many lives and economic loss to the people of that region. The paper describes the study of damages occurred in masonry buildings, reinforced concrete buildings and liquefaction of the soil. The weakness of construction causes of damage and lessons learnt from the performance of structures are highlighted. The traditional and old structures without any earthquake resistance measures has suffered greater damage. The new reconstruction and strengthening measures must take into consideration the experience of failure of structures.

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June 20, 1990 Earthquake Of Northern Iran: An Overview, F. Nateghi, S. Eshghi Mar 1991

June 20, 1990 Earthquake Of Northern Iran: An Overview, F. Nateghi, S. Eshghi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

On the day of June 20, 1990 at 21:00 GMT (June 21, 1990, at 00:30 local time) a destructive earthquake of magnitude 7.6 shook Northern provinces of Iran. It caused widespread geotechnical and structural damages covering an approximate area of 10,000 sq. km resulting in 37,000 life losses, 100,000 injuries, and 100,000 building failures leaving more than 400,000 people homeless. This paper summarizes the post-earthquake investigations and discusses the general engineering aspects of the June 20, 1990 seismological, geotechnical, and structural aspects of the event. Lessons learned are also discussed.

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Performance Of Earth Dams During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Leslie F. Harder Jr. Mar 1991

Performance Of Earth Dams During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Leslie F. Harder Jr.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The October 17, 1989 Lorna Prieta Earthquake shook a large number of earth and rockfill darns. There were actually more than 100 darns within 50 miles of the fault rupture associated with this event. Although more than half of these embankments were less than 60 feet in height, a number of major darns were strongly shaken. In general, the darns performed satisfactory with one major darn and one minor darn developing moderate damage. A small number also developed minor to moderate cracking which required repairs. The great majority, however, sustained no significant damage. Although this result is quite encouraging, this …

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Dynamic Soil – Pile Parameters, K. Muthukrishnaiah, V. S. Raju Mar 1991

Dynamic Soil – Pile Parameters, K. Muthukrishnaiah, V. S. Raju

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Results of lateral dynamic load tests conducted on precast driven concrete piles at two Project sites, one in South India (two individual piles) and another in Western India (one individual pile and two numbers of two-pile groups) are reported in the Paper. Shear wave velocities were determined from Cross Hole tests at the pile cut-off level at the test pile locations at the two sites. These values are compared with those reported in literature for two similar types of soils, namely, alluvial clay and alluvial sand. The subsoil conditions including Standard Penetration Test data and Static Cone Penetration Test data …

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Preliminary Report On The Geotechnical Aspects Of The Philippine Earthquake Of July 16, 1990, Kohji Tokimatsu, Shinichi Kuwayama, Saburoh Midorikawa, Akio Abe, Shuji Tamura Mar 1991

Preliminary Report On The Geotechnical Aspects Of The Philippine Earthquake Of July 16, 1990, Kohji Tokimatsu, Shinichi Kuwayama, Saburoh Midorikawa, Akio Abe, Shuji Tamura

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Philippine earthquake of July 16, 1990 (MS = 7.8), of which epicenter is about 100 km north of Manila city, was one of the most costly single natural disasters in Philippine history. The loss of life of over 1,600 persons resulted. Extensive damage to buildings, roads, embankments, natural slopes, and bridges was observed in a widespread area of approximately 20,000 square kilometers. One of the major causes of the damage was liquefaction of various sandy soils including artificially fills, alluvial deposits of river delta, and sandbars. This paper presents a preliminary overview of damage aspects of the earthquake, …

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Soil Amplification At Treasure Island During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Roman D. Hryciw, Scott E. Shewbridge, Kyle M. Rollins, Michael Mchood, Matthew Homolka Mar 1991

Soil Amplification At Treasure Island During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Roman D. Hryciw, Scott E. Shewbridge, Kyle M. Rollins, Michael Mchood, Matthew Homolka

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Loma Prieta Earthquake ground motions recorded on Treasure Island, a man-made fill in San Francisco Bay were considerably greater than on the adjacent Yerba Buena rock outcrop. The Yerba Buena motions were used as input to the computer program SHAKE90 for computing soil amplification at Treasure Island. Shear wave propagation velocities were obtained by seismic cone penetration testing. Reasonable agreement was observed between the computed and recorded accelerations at the strong motion recording station. The maximum computed accelerations around the island ranged from 0.13 to 0.20 g's. The degree of damage at various locations on the island correlated somewhat …

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Structural Damage In A Populated Area Due To An Active Fault, N. Kalteziotis, N. Sabatakakis, G. Koukis, H. Zervogiannis, G. Tsiambaos Mar 1991

Structural Damage In A Populated Area Due To An Active Fault, N. Kalteziotis, N. Sabatakakis, G. Koukis, H. Zervogiannis, G. Tsiambaos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The city of Patras was struck in August 1989 by a shallow earthquake of MS= 4.8 which caused a surface rupture and serious structural damage to several buildings located in a narrow elongated zone. A detailed investigation programme was carried out including geological mapping, drilling of boreholes, in situ and laboratory testing and monitoring of horizontal and vertical movements. It was found that the surface rupture, about 1500 m long, was closely related with the reactivation of a preexisting normal fault. The structural damage of buildings was found to be limited mainly in a narrow zone 50 m …

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Pictures And Participants, Multiple Members Mar 1991

Pictures And Participants, Multiple Members

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Representative Earthquake Features In The New Madrid Seismic Zone As Seen By Participants In The March 15-17, 1991, Field Trip, David Stewart Mar 1991

Representative Earthquake Features In The New Madrid Seismic Zone As Seen By Participants In The March 15-17, 1991, Field Trip, David Stewart

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Application Of The Elastoplastic-Viscoplastic Bounding Surface Model To Cyclic Loading, Victor N. Kaliakin Mar 1991

Application Of The Elastoplastic-Viscoplastic Bounding Surface Model To Cyclic Loading, Victor N. Kaliakin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The predictive capabilities of the elastoplastic-viscoplastic bonding surface mode, with emphasis response of cohesive soils subjected to cyclic loading, are discussed herein. This model, which represents a generalized three-dimensional constitutive formulation for isotropic cohesive soils, is developed within the framework coupled elastoplasticity-viscoplasticity and critical state soil mechanics.

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Cyclic Undrained Behavior Of An Undisturbed Gravel For Aseismic Design Of A Bridge Foundation, Fumio Tatsuoka, Shin-Lchi Yamada, Katsuhiko Yamada, Masahiko Yasuda, Susumu Manabe Mar 1991

Cyclic Undrained Behavior Of An Undisturbed Gravel For Aseismic Design Of A Bridge Foundation, Fumio Tatsuoka, Shin-Lchi Yamada, Katsuhiko Yamada, Masahiko Yasuda, Susumu Manabe

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

For the aseismic design of a pier foundation constructed on a lightly cemented dense gravel deposit of a 3,910m-long suspension bridge, cyclic and monotonic undrained triaxial tests were performed on undisturbed specimens with a diameter of 30cm taken from the deposit under a sea depth of about 55m. Using the results of the cyclic undrained triaxial tests together with irregular cyclic stresses evaluated for the design earthquake motion by a dynamic FEM analysis, maximum strains in the gravel deposit were obtained by the cumulative damage concept. The strain values thus estimated indicated a sufficiently high degree of seismic stability of …

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Cyclic Undrained Tests Along Constant Axial Stress On Hollow Cylinder, O. Hameury, T. Doanh Mar 1991

Cyclic Undrained Tests Along Constant Axial Stress On Hollow Cylinder, O. Hameury, T. Doanh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Cyclic hollow cylinder tests have been performed on sand and clay under undrained conditions. In order to point out the effects of the rotation of principal axes, a constant axial stress is maintained during the application of torsional shear. On this stress path, the behavior of the two materials is studied in terms of stress-strain relationship, pore pressure, failure criterion and also rotation of strain principal axes.

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Deformation Of Sand Under Cyclic Simple Shear Loading, Chung-Jung Lee Mar 1991

Deformation Of Sand Under Cyclic Simple Shear Loading, Chung-Jung Lee

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The deformation behavior of sand under simple shear loading was studied. The relation between the shear stress ratio and fabric factor, and the relationship between the fabric and dilatancy rate of a sand were developed. Thus the stress-dilatancy relation for sand was derived. Adopting the concept that the volumetric changes of the sample induced by the cyclic shear stress were compensated by the volumetric changes due to vertical stress changes in the constant volume simple shear tests, the relation of shear stress ratio and vertical stress change was derived.

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Electrical Conductivity For Evaluating Fabric And Mechanical Behavior Of Granular Soils, Lien Kwei Chien, J. C. Li Mar 1991

Electrical Conductivity For Evaluating Fabric And Mechanical Behavior Of Granular Soils, Lien Kwei Chien, J. C. Li

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this study, an auto-compensation conductivity measurement system has been developed. This system is expected to offer a possible means for describing the granular soil fabric and mechanical behaviors. A series of cyclic triaxial compression, extension, and unloading tests with resistance measurement were performed. The correlation between granular soil friction angle φ, and vertical formation factor, Fv under maximum shear stress ratio has been studied. The test results have shown that the electrical conductivity could be used to evaluate the fabric behavior during the process of loading. The fabric ellipsoid function, which has been used to simulate the orientation …

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In Situ Torsional Cylindrical Shear Test-Laboratory Results, W. Henke, R. Henke Mar 1991

In Situ Torsional Cylindrical Shear Test-Laboratory Results, W. Henke, R. Henke

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

We present results from cyclic tests conducted in the laboratory using a prototype in situ cyclic torsional cylindrical shear geotechnical testing system. The system is intended to advance our ability to design critical systems to resist earthquakes by improving our ability to analytically predict the behavior of soil-structure-equipment systems during earthquakes. It is to do so by providing, more reliably than we feel is now possible, estimates of the in situ cyclic shear stress vs strain characteristics needed by refined earthquake analyses. These characteristics include 1) resistances to initial liquefaction, cyclic degradation, and large cyclic deformations, and 2) undegraded, nonlinear, …

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Soils Parameters And Constitutive Relations Under Multiaxial Cyclic Loading, M. Reza Salami Mar 1991

Soils Parameters And Constitutive Relations Under Multiaxial Cyclic Loading, M. Reza Salami

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A generalized constitutive model based on the theory of plasticity is proposed and utilized to characterize stress-deformation behavior of soils and geological materials under complex and cyclic multiaxial loadings. It allows for factors such as hardenings, volume changes, stress paths, cohesive and tensile strengths and variation of yield behavior with mean pressure. It is applied to characterize behavior of soils, concrete and rocks. The Constants for the model are determined from series of available laboratory tests conducted under different initial confinements, cyclic hydrostatic preloading and stress paths obtained by using multiaxial and cylindrical triaxial testing devices. The model is verified …

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The Effect Of Frequency Of Cyclic Loading On Earth Structures And Foundation Soils, Daniel E. Normandeau, Thomas F. Zimmie Mar 1991

The Effect Of Frequency Of Cyclic Loading On Earth Structures And Foundation Soils, Daniel E. Normandeau, Thomas F. Zimmie

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Earth dams, earth embankments, slopes, and certain foundation soils are subject to cyclic loading with an initial locked-in static shear stress due to earthquakes, blasting operations, and in some cases machine vibrations. In order to investigate the effect of the frequency of the applied cyclic loading, thirty-one Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Direct Simple Shear (NGI-DSS) tests were run. Frequencies for the applied cyclic loading of 0.2 Hz, 0.05 Hz, and 0.025 Hz were used throughout this investigation. San Fernando Sandy Silt (SFSS), from the Lower San Fernando Dam which failed in 1971, was the material tested in this study. This investigation …

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An Approach To Characterise Cyclic Deflection Of Piles In Calcareous Soil Media Under Offshore Wave Loading Conditions, Y. S. Golait Mar 1991

An Approach To Characterise Cyclic Deflection Of Piles In Calcareous Soil Media Under Offshore Wave Loading Conditions, Y. S. Golait

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Behavior of piles subjected to cyclic lateral loads due to wave action is an important aspect which needs to be evaluated for analyzing and designing these piles supporting offshore structures. The study on the model piles in calcareous soil media was therefore undertaken to investigate the cyclic pile deflection response under offshore wave loading conditions. The test results are analyzed and interpreted to evolve an approach to characterize the cyclic deflection behavior of piles under critical storm loading effect and normal wave loading action.

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Deformation Of Reconstituted Clay Under Cyclic Loading, S. W. Yan, D. J. Williams Mar 1991

Deformation Of Reconstituted Clay Under Cyclic Loading, S. W. Yan, D. J. Williams

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Reconstituted soft clay triaxial specimens were prepared by means of vacuum preloading. Both static and cyclic tests were carried out, with the specimens consolidated under different principal effective stress ratios. The test results lend themselves to incorporation in a finite element formulation, which can readily be used for calculating the deformation of soft clay under cyclic loading.

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Measured Full-Scale Dynamic Lateral Pile Responses In Clay And In Sand, Matti Hakulinen Mar 1991

Measured Full-Scale Dynamic Lateral Pile Responses In Clay And In Sand, Matti Hakulinen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to design machine foundations and to examine interaction between pile and soil, versatile horizontal dynamic loading tests were done to piles. In the tests both stiffness and damping values of piles were measured in overconsolidated clay and in earthfill sand. The stiffness of piles was analyzed by Winkler's spring method and the damping of piles with Gazetas' and Dobry's method. The measured and calculated values were almost the same when stiffness was considered. In damping the measured values were about 40 ... 70% of the calculated values. Very important in the calculation is to know which is the …

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General Report Session 2: Model Testing In Cyclic Loading, Mladen Vucetic Mar 1991

General Report Session 2: Model Testing In Cyclic Loading, Mladen Vucetic

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Geotechnical earthquake engineering problems and similar soil dynamics problems usually involve random three directional cyclic loads, complicated stratification of soil deposits and geometry of supported structures, heterogeneity, anisotropy, and nonlinearity of soils, large degradation of soil stiffness and strength accompanied by equally large displacements and deformations, complex interaction between different soil deposits and between the foundation soil and the supported structure, etc. On the other hand, the empirical and analytical methods used in conjunction with standard field testing or standard laboratory cyclic testing on small specimens, which are currently available in engineering practice, are relatively simple and limited to ideal …

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Stress State And Stress Ratio Effects In Downhole And Crosshole Shear Wave Velocity Tests On Sands, Li Yan, Peter M. Byrne Mar 1991

Stress State And Stress Ratio Effects In Downhole And Crosshole Shear Wave Velocity Tests On Sands, Li Yan, Peter M. Byrne

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The effects of stress state and stress ratio on the maximum shear modulus, obtained from in-situ downhole and crosshole shear wave velocity tests were evaluated in the model tests. The hydraulic gradient similitude method was used to increase and control the model stress level. The downhole and crosshole shear waves were generated and received along the principal stress axes using piezoceramic bender elements. It was found that (1) the shear wave velocity is dependent upon the individual principal stresses in the directions of wave propagation and particle motion, and (2) only the stress ratio defined in the plane of wave …

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