Digital Commons Network^™

Within-Trial Cost-Effectiveness Of Lifestyle Intervention Using A 3-Tier Shared Care Approach For Pregnancy Outcomes In Chinese Women With Gestational Diabetes, Weiqin Li, Cuiping Zhang, Junhong Leng, Ping Shao, Huiguang Tian, Fuxia Zhang, Ling Dong, Zhijie Yu, Juliana C.N. Chan, Gang Hu, Ping Zhang, Xilin Yang

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

This study assessed within-trial cost-effectiveness of a shared care program (SC, n = 339) for pregnancy outcomes compared to usual care (UC, n = 361), as implemented in a randomized trial of Chinese women with gestational diabetes (GDM). SC consisted of an individualized dietary advice and physical activity counseling program. The UC was a one-time group education program. The effectiveness was measured by number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one macrosomia/large for gestational age (LGA) infant. The cost-effectiveness was measured by incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in terms of cost (2012 Chinese Yuan/US dollar) per case of macrosomia and LGA prevented. …

The Type And Amount Of Dietary Fat Affect Plasma Factor Viic, Fibrinogen, And Pai-1 In Healthy Individuals And Individuals At High Cardiovascular Disease Risk: 2 Randomized Controlled Trials, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Paul W. Stewart, Henry N. Ginsberg, Russell P. Tracy, Michael Lefevre, Patricia J. Elmer, Lars Berglund, Abby G. Ershow, Thomas A. Pearson, Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan, Stephen F. Holleran, Barbara H. Dennis, Catherine M. Champagne, Wahida Karmally

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: Factor VIIc, fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) are cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and are modulated, in part, by fat type and amount. Objective: We evaluated fat type and amount on the primary outcomes: factor VIIc, fibrinogen, and PAI-1. Methods: In the Dietary Effects on Lipoproteins and Thrombogenic Activity (DELTA) Trial, 2 controlled crossover feeding studies evaluated substituting carbohydrate or MUFAs for SFAs. Study 1: healthy participants (n = 103) were provided with (8 wk) an average American diet [AAD; designed to provide 37% of energy (%E) as fat, 16% SFA], a Step 1 diet (30%E fat, …

Trends In Adiposity And Food Insecurity Among Us Adults, Candice A. Myers, Emily F. Mire, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Importance: Food insecurity is a pervasive public health issue in the US that is associated with greater body weight. Objective: To examine national trends in food insecurity among US adults from 1999 to 2016 according to surrogate measures of adiposity (body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC]). Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study analyzed nationally representative data obtained from nine 2-year cycles (1999 to 2000 through 2015 to 2016) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the US. The sample comprised adult survey participants aged 20 years or older. Data analyses were performed from July 1, …

Exercise-Induced Increases In Insulin Sensitivity After Bariatric Surgery Are Mediated By Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Wagner S. Dantas, Hamilton Roschel, Igor H. Murai, Saulo Gil, Gangarao Davuluri, Christopher L. Axelrod, Sujoy Ghosh, Susan S. Newman, Hui Zhang, Samuel K. Shinjo, Willian Das Neves, Carlos Merege-Filho, Walcy R. Teodoro, Vera L. Capelozzi, Rosa Maria Pereira, Fabiana B. Benatti, Ana L. De Sá-Pinto, Roberto De Cleva, Marco A. Santo, John P. Kirwan, Bruno Gualano

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Exercise seems to enhance the beneficial effect of bariatric (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]) surgery on insulin resistance. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling may underlie these benefits. Women were randomized to either a combined aerobic and resistance exercise training program following RYGB (RYGB + ET) or standard of care (RYGB). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test. Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline and 3 and 9 months after surgery and subjected to compre-hensive phenotyping, transcriptome profiling, molecular pathway identification, and validation in vitro. Exercise training improved insulin sensitivity beyond surgery alone (e.g., Matsuda …

Adaptations To Exercise In Compensators And Noncompensators In The E-Mechanic Trial, S. Nicole Fearnbach, Neil M. Johannsen, Candice A. Myers, John W. Apolzan, William D. Johnson, Conrad P. Earnest, Jennifer C. Rood, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Melissa N. Harris, Timothy S. Church, Corby K. Martin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Adaptations to exercise in compensators and noncompensators in the E-MECHANIC Trial. J Appl Physiol 129: 317–324, 2020. First published July 16, 2020; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00826.2019.—Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) have previously been associated with acute exercise compensation. This study examined adaptations in the RPE and RER with long-term exercise training in individuals who did (noncompensators) and did not (compensators) lose the expected amount of weight. Participants (n = 110, 71.8% women, means ± SD; age 49 ± 12 yr) completed 24 wk of supervised exercise training at 65– 85% V O2peak to achieve a prescribed dose of …

The Effects Of Alcohol Consumption On Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes Following Weight Loss In Premenopausal Women With Obesity: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial, John W. Apolzan, Robbie A. Beyl, Corby K. Martin, Frank L. Greenway, Ursula White

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Alcohol (i.e., ethanol) is consumed regularly by much of the adult population; yet, the health effects associated with its use are not well-characterized. Clinical interventions to investigate the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on metabolic outcomes, including adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors, are limited and have yielded conflicting data. In addition, no study has reported the effects of routine alcohol intake during weight loss in a controlled feeding trial. We present the first randomized controlled pilot trial to investigate the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on metabolic outcomes during weight loss in women with obesity. Both groups consumed 30% energy …

Changes In Body Weight, Adherence, And Appetite During 2 Years Of Calorie Restriction: The Calerie 2 Randomized Clinical Trial, James L. Dorling, Sai Krupa Das, Susan B. Racette, John W. Apolzan, Dachuan Zhang, Carl F. Pieper, Corby K. Martin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background/objectives: The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy Phase 2 (CALERIE) study showed that individuals who are nonobese were able to undergo significant calorie restriction (CR), yet the time course changes in adherence, weight, and appetite are unknown. This analysis aimed to investigate the time course changes in adherence, body weight, and appetite during the CALERIE study. Subjects/methods: Overall, 143 participants (body mass index: 21.9–28.0 kg/m2) were randomized to a CR group that aimed to achieve 25% CR for 2 years. Throughout the intervention, body weight was measured, and appetite was assessed through visual analogue scales. …

Do Menopausal Status And Apoe4 Genotype Alter The Long-Term Effects Of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention On Cognitive Function In Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?, Hussein N. Yassine, Andrea Anderson, Roberta Brinton, Owen Carmichael, Mark A. Espeland, Siobhan Hoscheidt, Christina E. Hugenschmidt, Jeffrey N. Keller, Anne Peters, Xavier Pi-Sunyer

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

In the Look AHEAD trial, randomization to Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI) or Diabetes Support and Education (DSE) did not result in differences in cognitive outcomes. However, menopause and APOE genotype are factors that affect the response to this intervention. The effect of this intervention on a single cognitive assessment was examined in 3 groups of women: premenopausal or < 5 years postmenopausal (N = 594), within 5–10 years (n = 388), and ≥10 years postmenopausal (n = 963), and as a function of continuous years since menopause. The late postmenopausal group in the ILI had worse composite z-scores compared to those in the DSE, whereas the younger premenopausal or early postmenopausal women in the ILI had better composite z-scores than the DSE. A significant interaction between years since menopause and intervention arm, but not baseline age, was observed on executive function domains. ILI appeared only to benefit cognitive function among non-APOE4 carriers during premenopause or early postmenopause. These findings emphasize the importance of assessing menopause and APOE status to understand how weight loss impacts cognition.

Left Ventricular Mass Index Is Associated With Cognitive Function In Middle-Age: Bogalusa Heart Study, Alexander C. Razavi, Camilo Fernandez, Jiang He, Tanika N. Kelly, Marie Krousel-Wood, Seamus P. Whelton, Owen T. Carmichael, Lydia A. Bazzano

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Elevated cardiovascular disease risk factor burden is a recognized contributor to poorer cognitive function; however, the physiological mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. We sought to assess the potential mediation effect of left ventricular (LV) remodeling on the association between lifetime systolic blood pressure and cognitive function in a community-based cohort of middle-aged adults. Methods: Nine hundred sixty participants of the Bogalusa Heart Study (59.2% women, 33.8% black, aged 48.4±5.1 years) received 2-dimensional echocardiography to quantify relative wall thickness, LV mass, and diastolic and systolic LV function; and a standardized neurocognitive battery to assess memory, executive functioning, …

Using Public Databases For Genomic Prediction Of Tropical Maize Lines, Pedro Patric Pinho Morais, Deniz Akdemir, Luciano Rogério Braatz De Andrade, Jean Luc Jannink, Roberto Fritsche-Neto, Aluízio Borém, Filipe Couto Alves, Danilo Hottis Lyra, Ítalo Stefanine Correia Granato

Faculty Publications

In this paper, the aims were (a) to test the usefulness of using genomic and phenotypic information from public databases (open access) to predict genetic values for tropical maize inbred lines regarding plant and ear height; (b) to identify how the population structure, the use of optimized training sets (OTSs) and the amount of information originating from public databases affect the predictive ability. Thus, 29 training sets (TSs) were defined considering three diversity panels: the University of São Paulo (USP—validation set (VS)) and the ASSO and USDA North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS) (external public panels—predictors), which were divided …

A Structure-Preserving Fem For The Uniaxially Constrained Q -Tensor Model Of Nematic Liquid Crystals, Juan Pablo Borthagaray, Ricardo H. Nochetto, Shawn W. Walker

Faculty Publications

We consider the one-constant Landau-de Gennes model for nematic liquid crystals. The order parameter is a traceless tensor field Q, which is constrained to be uniaxial: Q= s(n⊗ n- d^{- 1}I) where n is a director field, s∈ R is the degree of orientation, and d≥ 2 is the dimension. Building on similarities with the one-constant Ericksen energy, we propose a structure-preserving finite element method for the computation of equilibrium configurations. We prove stability and consistency of the method without regularization, and Γ -convergence of the discrete energies towards the continuous one as the mesh size goes to …

The Criminal Justice Response To The Opioid Crisis In East Baton Rouge Parish, Elizabeth Winchester, Kristina Little, Timothy T. Reling, Gabriele Richardson, Judith F. Rhodes

Reports

This report describes: 1) the history and current state of the opioid crisis in East Baton Rouge Parish; 2) the current and planned efforts of the Innovative Prosecution Solutions for Combating Violent Crime and Illegal Opioids (IPS) grant to respond to the crisis; and 3) recommendations for criminal justice practitioners regarding the opioid crisis in our community. The goal of the IPS grant is to reduce opioid-related deaths by fostering interagency collaboration to disrupt local opioid supply chains, educate the community about the dangers of opioid abuse and addiction, and provide support for individuals with opioid use disorder.

The rising …

Evaluating The Implementation And Effectiveness Of The Switch-Ms: An Ecological, Multi-Component Adolescent Obesity Prevention Intervention, Senlin Chen, Richard R. Rosenkranz, Gabriella M. Mcloughlin, Spyridoula Vazou, Lorraine Lanningham-Foster, Douglas A. Gentile, David A. Dzewaltowski

Faculty Publications

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of an ecological, multi-component adolescent obesity prevention intervention called School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health-Middle School (SWITCH-MS).Methods: Following the effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 3 quasi-experimental design, seven middle schools (377 students) in Iowa, United States, were stratified into "experienced" (n= 3; 110 students) or "inexperienced" (n= 4; 267 students) groups to receive the 12-week SWITCH-MS intervention. To evaluate implementation, school informants (n= 10) responded to a survey and students completed behavioral tracking in the classroom on a website. For effectiveness evaluation, students in 6th, 7th, and 8th grades …

Provenance Of Thal Desert Sand: Focused Erosion In The Western Himalayan Syntaxis And Foreland-Basin Deposition Driven By Latest Quaternary Climate Change, Eduardo Garzanti, Wendong Liang, Sergio Andò, Peter D. Clift, Alberto Resentini, Pieter Vermeesch, Giovanni Vezzoli

Faculty Publications

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. As a latest Pleistocene repository of Indus River sand at the entry point to the Himalayan foreland basin, the Thal dune field in northern Pakistan stores crucial information that can be used to reconstruct the erosional evolution of the Himalayan-Karakorum orogen and the changes in the foreland-basin landscape that took place between the Last Glacial Maximum and the early Holocene. This comprehensive provenance study of Thal Desert sand integrates previously existing petrographic, heavy-mineral, mineral-chemical, isotopic, and geochronological databases with original bulk-sediment geochemistry, zircon-age, and Nd-isotope data. Dune sand is low in quartz and rich in feldspars, …

Catalytic Encounters At The Molecular Level: Gabor A. Somorjai Award Symposium For Creative Research In Catalysis In Honor Of Professor Manos Mavrikakis, Ye Xu, Lars C. Grabow

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Traffic Impacts Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: Statewide Analysis Of Social Separation And Activity Restriction, Scott Parr, Brian Wolshon, John Renne, Pamela Murray-Tuite, Karl Kim

Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant social and economic impacts throughout the world. In addition to the health consequences, the impacts on travel behavior have also been sudden and wide ranging. This study describes the drastic changes in human behavior using the analysis of highway volume data as a representation of personal activity and interaction. Same-day traffic volumes for 2019 and 2020 across Florida were analyzed to identify spatial and temporal changes in behavior resulting from the disease or fear of it and statewide directives to limit person-to-person interaction. Compared to similar days in 2019, overall statewide traffic volume dropped …

Welcome To The Fourth International Workshop On Crowd-Based Requirements Engineering (Crowdre'20), Muneera Bano, Eduard C. Groen, Irit Hadar, Anas Mahmoud

Faculty Publications

Welcome to the 4th International Workshop on Crowd-Based Requirements Engineering (CrowdRE'20), where scientists and representatives of industry meet to exchange ideas, experiences, and other contributions regarding the state of the art of Crowd-Based Requirements Engineering (CrowdRE). The discipline of CrowdRE seeks to address the challenges of traditional requirements engineering (RE) in scaling up to settings with thousands to millions of users of (software) products or (softwaredriven) services, who form a large and heterogeneous group that can be denoted as a 'crowd' [1],[2]. The user feedback generated by the crowd, such as texts or usage data, can be a valuable source …

Air Quality Improvement During Triple-Lockdown In The Coastal City Of Kannur, Kerala To Combat Covid-19 Transmission, C. T. Resmi, T. Nishanth, M. K. Satheesh Kumar, M. G. Manoj, M. Balachandramohan, K. T. Valsaraj

Faculty Publications

The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, last year has since become the COVID-19 pandemic across all continents. To restrict the spread of the virus pandemic, the Government of India imposed a lockdown from 25 March 2020. In India, Kannur district was identified as the first "hotspot" of virus transmission and a "triple-lockdown" was implemented for a span of twenty days from 20 April 2020. This article highlights the variations of surface O-3, NO, NO2, CO, SO2, NH3, VOC's, PM10, PM2.5 and meteorological parameters at the time of pre-lockdown, lockdown and triple-lockdown days at Kannur …

African-Americans Abroad: Josephine Baker And The Controversy Surrounding African-American Figures Outside Of America, Ferin E. Jones

LSU Master's Theses

This paper is about the complexities surrounding the African American experience in other countries. Josephine Baker was one of many figures with important stories.

Mercury Concentrations In Store‐Bought Shrimp, Angelle Mccormick, Matthew D. Robertson, Rebecka Brasso, Stephen R. Midway

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Attosecond Synchronization Of Extreme Ultraviolet High Harmonics From Crystals, Giulio Vampa, Jian Lu, Yong Sing You, Denitsa R. Baykusheva, Mengxi Wu, Hanzhe Liu, Kenneth J. Schafer, Mette B. Gaarde, David A. Reis, Shambhu Ghimire

Faculty Publications

The interaction of strong near-infrared (NIR) laser pulses with wide-bandgap dielectrics produces high harmonics in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) wavelength range. These observations have opened up the possibility of attosecond metrology in solids, which would benefit from a precise measurement of the emission times of individual harmonics with respect to the NIR laser field. Here we show that, when high-harmonics are detected from the input surface of a magnesium oxide crystal, a bichromatic probing of the XUV emission shows a clear synchronization largely consistent with a semiclassical model of electron-hole recollisions in bulk solids. On the other hand, the bichromatic …

Exploring Students’ Cultural Competence Development During A Short-Term International Experience: A Q-Sort Study, Shelli Rampold, Bradley Coleman, J. C. Bunch, Richie Roberts

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Exploring Predictors Of Older Adults' Performance On A Novel Driving Simulator Task, John Philip Bernstein

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

On a per-mile driven basis, older adults are at increased risk of being involved in an automobile accident. The development and implementation of driving assessment tools is necessary to inform decisions about driving reduction and cessation. Driving simulators are one method of assessing driving performance and safety, however many simulators are cost-prohibitive for most researchers and clinicians. Additionally, while driving performance has been previously explored with respect to clinical populations (e.g., Alzheimer’s Disease), less work has evaluated this topic in a cognitively healthy sample. The present study sought to determine whether a novel, cost-effective driving simulator (Assetto Corsa (AC)) might …

Examining Patterns Of Executive Functioning Across Dimensions Of Psychopathology, Scott Roye

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Executive functioning is a multifaceted collection of higher-order cognitive processes used to perform goal-oriented tasks. Although this construct is heavily researched, a major issue regarding the current literature stems from the influence of task impurity, which interferes with how executive functioning performance is interpreted. Additionally, while executive functioning has been previously explored in clinical populations, less work has evaluated this topic measuring dimensional psychopathology. The present study sought to examine the role of executive functioning, as it relates to dimensional psychopathology. Data was analyzed from a total of 731 individuals between the age of 18-59 years who took part in …

Cost Of Quantum Entanglement Simplified, Xin Wang, Mark M. Wilde

Faculty Publications

Quantum entanglement is a key physical resource in quantum information processing that allows for performing basic quantum tasks such as teleportation and quantum key distribution, which are impossible in the classical world. Ever since the rise of quantum information theory, it has been an open problem to quantify entanglement in an information-theoretically meaningful way. In particular, every previously defined entanglement measure bearing a precise information-theoretic meaning is not known to be efficiently computable, or if it is efficiently computable, then it is not known to have a precise information-theoretic meaning. In this Letter, we meet this challenge by introducing an …

N 6-Methyladenine In Dna Antagonizes Satb1 In Early Development, Zheng Li, Shuai Zhao, Raman V. Nelakanti, Kaixuan Lin, Tao P. Wu, Myles H. Alderman, Cheng Guo, Pengcheng Wang, Min Zhang, Wang Min, Zongliang Jiang, Yinsheng Wang, Haitao Li, Andrew Z. Xiao

Faculty Publications

© 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. The recent discovery of N6-methyladenine (N6-mA) in mammalian genomes suggests that it may serve as an epigenetic regulatory mechanism1. However, the biological role of N6-mA and the molecular pathways that exert its function remain unclear. Here we show that N6-mA has a key role in changing the epigenetic landscape during cell fate transitions in early development. We found that N6-mA is upregulated during the development of mouse trophoblast stem cells, specifically at regions of stress-induced DNA double helix destabilization (SIDD)2–4. Regions of SIDD are conducive to topological stress-induced unpairing …

Gravitation In Terms Of Observables 2: The Algebra Of Fundamental Observables, Rodolfo Gambini, Saeed Rastgoo, Jorge Pullin

Faculty Publications

In a previous paper, we showed how to use the techniques of the group of loops to formulate the loop approach to gravity proposed by Mandelstam in the 1960's. Those techniques allow to overcome some of the difficulties that had been encountered in the earlier treatment. In this approach, gravity is formulated entirely in terms of Dirac observables without constraints, opening attractive new possibilities for quantization. In this paper we discuss the Poisson algebra of the resulting Dirac observables, associated with the intrinsic components of the Riemann tensor. This provides an explicit realization of the non-local algebra of observables for …

The Genome Sequence Of The Grape Phylloxera Provides Insights Into The Evolution, Adaptation, And Invasion Routes Of An Iconic Pest, Claude Rispe, Fabrice Legeai, Paul D. Nabity, Rosa Fernández, Arinder K. Arora, Patrice Baa-Puyoulet, Celeste R. Banfill, Leticia Bao, Miquel Barberà, Maryem Bouallègue, Anthony Bretaudeau, Jennifer A. Brisson, Federica Calevro, Pierre Capy, Olivier Catrice, Thomas Chertemps, Carole Couture, Laurent Delière, Angela E. Douglas, Keith Dufault-Thompson, Paula Escuer, Honglin Feng, Astrid Forneck, Toni Gabaldón, Roderic Guigó, Frédérique Hilliou, Silvia Hinojosa-Alvarez, Yi Min Hsiao, Sylvie Hudaverdian, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, Edward B. James, Spencer Johnston, Benjamin Joubard

Faculty Publications

Background: Although native to North America, the invasion of the aphid-like grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae across the globe altered the course of grape cultivation. For the past 150 years, viticulture relied on grafting-resistant North American Vitis species as rootstocks, thereby limiting genetic stocks tolerant to other stressors such as pathogens and climate change. Limited understanding of the insect genetics resulted in successive outbreaks across the globe when rootstocks failed. Here we report the 294-Mb genome of D. vitifoliae as a basic tool to understand host plant manipulation, nutritional endosymbiosis, and enhance global viticulture. Results: Using a combination of genome, RNA, …

Factor Predicting Maternal Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Trajectories Following A Natural Disaster: Coping, Social Support, And Family Functioning, Jennifer Clare Piscitello

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Natural disasters are sudden, large-scale events that are associated with significant mental health consequences. Although, most individuals demonstrate resilience, a significant subset of the population develops significant long-term distress (La Greca et al. 2013; Lai, et al., 2015; Lowe & Rhodes 2013; Self-Brown et al., 2014). Moreover, results from emerging longitudinal research suggests that symptom patterns are heterogenous. For example, some individuals recover over time or demonstrate a delayed onset. The most commonly studied post-disaster reaction in adults is posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. However, the extant literature examining elevated PTS symptoms and related risk factors in disaster research has relied …

Thermothickening Drilling Fluids Containing Bentonite And Dual-Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals, Mei Chun Li, Qinglin Wu, Tingzhou Lei, Changtong Mei, Xinwu Xu, Sunyoung Lee, Jaegyoung Gwon

Faculty Publications

The approaching era of sustainable development and rapid increase in global energy demand necessitates the development of high-performance drilling fluids with low toxicity, sustainability, and in-situ rheology controllability for complicated formation excavation. Herein, smart water-based drilling fluids (WDFs) with thermocontrollable rheological properties are developed using bentonite (BT) and dual-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (fCNCs). The fCNCs are synthesized by surface grafting of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) through free-radical graft polymerization. The presence of PAMPS grafts with abundant amide and negatively charged sulfonate groups not only enables fCNCs to attach on the surface of BT platelets creating BT/fCNC clusters but also …