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Salt Marsh Dynamics In A Period Of Accelerated Sea Level Rise, Sergio Fagherazzi, Giulio Mariotti, Nicoletta Leonardi, Alberto Canestrelli, William Nardin, William S. Kearney Aug 2020

Salt Marsh Dynamics In A Period Of Accelerated Sea Level Rise, Sergio Fagherazzi, Giulio Mariotti, Nicoletta Leonardi, Alberto Canestrelli, William Nardin, William S. Kearney

Faculty Publications

Salt marshes are dynamic systems able to laterally expand, contract, and vertically accrete in response to sea level rise. Here, we present the grand challenges that need to be addressed to fully characterize marsh morphodynamics. The review focuses on physical processes and quantitative models. Without predictive models, it is impossible to determine the future marsh evolution under accelerated sea level rise. In these models, one of the challenges is to resolve both horizontal and vertical dynamics within the same framework. Vertically, the marsh has to accumulate enough material to contrast rising water levels. Horizontally, marsh erosion at the ocean side …

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Data Quality And Reliability Assessment Of Wearable Emg And Imu Sensor For Construction Activity Recognition, Srikanth Sagar Bangaru, Chao Wang, Fereydoun Aghazadeh Aug 2020

Data Quality And Reliability Assessment Of Wearable Emg And Imu Sensor For Construction Activity Recognition, Srikanth Sagar Bangaru, Chao Wang, Fereydoun Aghazadeh

Faculty Publications

The workforce shortage is one of the significant problems in the construction industry. To overcome the challenges due to workforce shortage, various researchers have proposed wearable sensor-based systems in the area of construction safety and health. Although sensors provide rich and detailed information, not all sensors can be used for construction applications. This study evaluates the data quality and reliability of forearm electromyography (EMG) and inertial measurement unit (IMU) of armband sensors for construction activity classification. To achieve the proposed objective, the forearm EMG and IMU data collected from eight participants while performing construction activities such as screwing, wrenching, lifting, …

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Context-Dependent Action Of Scc4 Reinforces Control Of The Type Iii Secretion System, Leiqiong Gao, Yanguang Cong, Gregory V. Plano, Xiancai Rao, Lyndsey N. Gisclair, Sara Schesser Bartra, Megan A. Macnaughtan, Li Shena Aug 2020

Context-Dependent Action Of Scc4 Reinforces Control Of The Type Iii Secretion System, Leiqiong Gao, Yanguang Cong, Gregory V. Plano, Xiancai Rao, Lyndsey N. Gisclair, Sara Schesser Bartra, Megan A. Macnaughtan, Li Shena

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Chlamydia trachomatis Scc4 (formerly CT663) engages the transcription machinery and the pathogenic type III secretion system (T3SS). Both machines are required for Chlamydia infection. These requirements and the limited ability for genetic manipulation in Chlamydia have hampered dissection of Scc4's contributions. Here, by developing bacterial systems that permit the controlled expression and stable maintenance of Scc4, we assess Scc4's effects on chlamydial growth phenotype, secretion, and the patterns of T3SS gene expression. Expressing Scc4 in Escherichia coli lacking a T3SS injectisome causes a growth defect. This deficiency is rescued by …

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Comparative Transcriptomics Of Rice Genotypes With Contrasting Responses To Nitrogen Stress Reveals Genes Influencing Nitrogen Uptake Through The Regulation Of Root Architecture, Prasanta K. Subudhi, Richard S. Garcia, Sapphire Coronejo, Ronald Tapia Aug 2020

Comparative Transcriptomics Of Rice Genotypes With Contrasting Responses To Nitrogen Stress Reveals Genes Influencing Nitrogen Uptake Through The Regulation Of Root Architecture, Prasanta K. Subudhi, Richard S. Garcia, Sapphire Coronejo, Ronald Tapia

Faculty Publications

The indiscriminate use of nitrogenous fertilizers continues unabated for commercial crop production, resulting in air and water pollution. The development of rice varieties with enhanced nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) will require a thorough understanding of the molecular basis of a plant's response to low nitrogen (N) availability. The global expression profiles of root tissues collected from low and high N treatments at different time points in two rice genotypes, Pokkali and Bengal, with contrasting responses to N stress and contrasting root architectures were examined. Overall, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Pokkali (indica) was higher than in Bengal …

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Probing The Surface Acidity Of Supported Aluminum Bromide Catalysts, Md Ashraful Abedin, Swarom Kanitkar, Nitin Kumar, Zi Wang, Kunlun Ding, Graham Hutchings, James J. Spivey Aug 2020

Probing The Surface Acidity Of Supported Aluminum Bromide Catalysts, Md Ashraful Abedin, Swarom Kanitkar, Nitin Kumar, Zi Wang, Kunlun Ding, Graham Hutchings, James J. Spivey

Faculty Publications

Solid acid catalysis is an important class of reactions. The principal advantages of solid acid catalysts as compared to their corresponding fluid acids include minimal waste and ease of product separation. One type of these catalysts is based on aluminum bromide (Al2Br6), which is a stronger Lewis acid than Al2Cl6. In this report, Al(2)Br(6)is grafted on commercial mesoporous silica (CMS), SBA-15 and silica gel to create a solid catalyst similar to the silica-supported Al(2)Cl(6)superacid. These supported Al(2)Br(6)catalysts were characterized by NH3-Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD), pyridine Diffuse Reflectance for Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance …

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Investigation Of Pore-Scale Caco3 Distributions And Their Effects On Stiffness And Permeability Of Sands Treated By Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (Micp), Hai Lin, Muhannad Suleiman, Derick G. Brown Aug 2020

Investigation Of Pore-Scale Caco3 Distributions And Their Effects On Stiffness And Permeability Of Sands Treated By Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (Micp), Hai Lin, Muhannad Suleiman, Derick G. Brown

Faculty Publications

Physical properties of MICP-treated sands are controlled by CaCO3 distributions in pore space, which remain relatively unexplored. CaCO3 can deposit at the particles' contact area (contact-cementing), coat sand particles (grain-coating), or create a cementation bridge between soil grains (matrix-supporting). The objectives of this paper are to determine the dominant CaCO3 distributions in pore space and investigate the effects of CaCO3 distributions on the small-strain stiffness (measured by S-and P-wave velocities) and permeability of MICP-treated sands. To achieve these objectives, cemented-sand and uncemented-sand models combined with three ideal CaCO3 distributions (contact-cementing, grain-coating, and matrix-supporting) were used to estimate the S-and P-wave …

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Minimum Reporting Guidelines And The Role Of Causal Inference In Functional Neuroimaging For Obesity Research, Tyler Davis, Hans Rudolf Berthoud, Martin Binks Aug 2020

Minimum Reporting Guidelines And The Role Of Causal Inference In Functional Neuroimaging For Obesity Research, Tyler Davis, Hans Rudolf Berthoud, Martin Binks

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Amortized Channel Divergence For Asymptotic Quantum Channel Discrimination, Mark M. Wilde, Mario Berta, Christoph Hirche, Eneet Kaur Aug 2020

Amortized Channel Divergence For Asymptotic Quantum Channel Discrimination, Mark M. Wilde, Mario Berta, Christoph Hirche, Eneet Kaur

Faculty Publications

It is well known that for the discrimination of classical and quantum channels in the finite, non-asymptotic regime, adaptive strategies can give an advantage over non-adaptive strategies. However, Hayashi (IEEE Trans Inf Theory 55(8):3807–3820, 2009. arXiv:0804.0686) showed that in the asymptotic regime, the exponential error rate for the discrimination of classical channels is not improved in the adaptive setting. We extend this result in several ways. First, we establish the strong Stein’s lemma for classical–quantum channels by showing that asymptotically the exponential error rate for classical–quantum channel discrimination is not improved by adaptive strategies. Second, we recover many other classes …

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Feasibility Of 3d Tracking And Adaptation Of Vmat Based On Vmat-Ct, Xiaodong Zhao, Rui Zhang Aug 2020

Feasibility Of 3d Tracking And Adaptation Of Vmat Based On Vmat-Ct, Xiaodong Zhao, Rui Zhang

Faculty Publications

Background: Local computed tomography (CT) reconstruction is achievable with portal images acquired during volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) delivery and was named as VMAT-CT. However, the application of VMAT-CT is limited because it has limited field of view and no density information. In addition, the new generation of multi-leaf collimator with faster speed and various collimator angles used in patients’ plans could cause more artifacts in VMAT-CT. The goal of this study was to extend VMAT-CT concept, generate complete three-dimensional (3D) CT images, calculate new 3D dose, track and adapt VMAT plan based on updated images and dose. Materials and methods: …

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Volume I. Introduction To Dune, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, F. Azfar Aug 2020

Volume I. Introduction To Dune, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, F. Azfar

Faculty Publications

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay-these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying …

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Volume Iii. Dune Far Detector Technical Coordination, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, F. Azfar Aug 2020

Volume Iii. Dune Far Detector Technical Coordination, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, F. Azfar

Faculty Publications

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay-these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying …

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Volume Iv. The Dune Far Detector Single-Phase Technology, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, F. Azfar Aug 2020

Volume Iv. The Dune Far Detector Single-Phase Technology, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, F. Azfar

Faculty Publications

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay-these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. DUNE is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. Central to …

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Overlapping But Distinct Sequences Play Roles In The Insulator And Promoter Activities Of The Drosophila Beaf-Dependent Scs⇔ Insulator, Mukesh Maharjan, J. Keller Mckowen, Craig M. Hart Aug 2020

Overlapping But Distinct Sequences Play Roles In The Insulator And Promoter Activities Of The Drosophila Beaf-Dependent Scs⇔ Insulator, Mukesh Maharjan, J. Keller Mckowen, Craig M. Hart

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2020 by the Genetics Society of America. Chromatin domain insulators are thought to help partition the genome into genetic units called topologically associating domains (TADs). In Drosophila, TADs are often separated by inter-TAD regions containing active housekeeping genes and associated insulator binding proteins. This raises the question of whether insulator binding proteins are involved primarily in chromosomal TAD architecture or gene activation, or if these two activities are linked. The Boundary Element-Associated Factor of 32 kDa (BEAF-32, or BEAF for short) is usually found in inter-TADs. BEAF was discovered based on binding to the scs’ insulator, and is …

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What Determines Parasite Species Richness Across Host Species?, Tad Dallas, Lauren A. Holian, Grant Foster Aug 2020

What Determines Parasite Species Richness Across Host Species?, Tad Dallas, Lauren A. Holian, Grant Foster

Faculty Publications

© 2020 British Ecological Society In Focus: Dáttilo, W., Barrozo-Chávez, N., Lira-Noriega, A., Guevara, R., Villalobos, F., Santiago-Alarcon, D., Neves, F. S., Izzo, T., & Ribeiro, S. P. (2020). Species-level drivers of mammalian ectoparasite faunas. Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13216. The question of what drives the number of parasite species able to infect a given host species is still a largely open question, despite decades of research. Dáttilo and colleagues examine the potential drivers of ectoparasite species across a large set of host species to explore the taxonomic and trait drivers of host-parasite interactions. Here, we contextualize their findings, explore …

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Tepr Encoding A Bacterial Enhancer-Binding Protein Orchestrates The Virulence And Interspecies Competition Of Burkholderia Glumae Through Qsmr And A Type Vi Secretion System, Jingyu Peng, Tiago Lelis, Ruoxi Chen, Inderjit Barphagha, Surendra Osti, Jong Hyun Ham Aug 2020

Tepr Encoding A Bacterial Enhancer-Binding Protein Orchestrates The Virulence And Interspecies Competition Of Burkholderia Glumae Through Qsmr And A Type Vi Secretion System, Jingyu Peng, Tiago Lelis, Ruoxi Chen, Inderjit Barphagha, Surendra Osti, Jong Hyun Ham

Faculty Publications

The pathogenesis of the rice pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia glumae is under the tight regulation of the tofI/tofR quorum-sensing (QS) system. tepR, encoding a group I bacterial enhancer-binding protein, negatively regulates the production of toxoflavin, the phytotoxin acting as a major virulence factor in B. glumae. In this study, through a transcriptomic analysis, we identified the genes that were modulated by tepR and/or the tofI/tofR QS system. More than half of the differentially expressed genes, including the genes for the biosynthesis and transport of toxoflavin, were significantly more highly expressed in the ΔtepR mutant but less expressed in the ΔtofI-tofR (tofI/tofR …

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Increase In Absolute Leaf Water Content Tends To Keep Pace With That Of Leaf Dry Mass—Evidence From Bamboo Plants, Weiwei Huang, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Yueyi Li, Jørgen Bo Larsen, Peijian Shi Aug 2020

Increase In Absolute Leaf Water Content Tends To Keep Pace With That Of Leaf Dry Mass—Evidence From Bamboo Plants, Weiwei Huang, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Yueyi Li, Jørgen Bo Larsen, Peijian Shi

Faculty Publications

Leaves, as the most important photosynthetic organ of plants, are intimately associated with plant function and adaptation to environmental changes. The scaling relationship of the leaf dry mass (or the fresh mass) vs. leaf surface area has been referred to as “diminishing returns”, suggesting that the leaf area fails to increase in proportion to leaf dry mass (or fresh mass). However, previous studies used materials across different families, and there is lack of studies testing whether leaf fresh mass is proportional to the leaf dry mass for the species in the same family, and examining the influence of the scaling …

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Effect Of Precipitation And Temperature On Larval Survival Of Cephus Cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) In Barley Cultivars, Buddhi B. Achhami, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Jamie D. Sherman, Robert K.D. Peterson, David K. Weaver Aug 2020

Effect Of Precipitation And Temperature On Larval Survival Of Cephus Cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) In Barley Cultivars, Buddhi B. Achhami, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Jamie D. Sherman, Robert K.D. Peterson, David K. Weaver

Faculty Publications

Host plant traits strongly affect survivorship of insect herbivores, and host suitability is especially important for the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, which spends its entire egg, larval, and pupal periods in a single stem. Measuring larval survival inside stems from egg hatch through diapause-mediated dormancy is a potential measure of population size for the next year but is also useful in assessing effects of growing season precipitation and temperature. Larval growth is synchronized with host plant growth, and the larva cannot switch hosts. Thus, incorporating plant physiological time, as growing degree days (GDD), may yield a better prediction …

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A Cubic C0 Interior Penalty Method For Elliptic Distributed Optimal Control Problems With Pointwise State And Control Constraints, Susanne C. Brenner, Li Yeng Sung, Zhiyu Tan Aug 2020

A Cubic C0 Interior Penalty Method For Elliptic Distributed Optimal Control Problems With Pointwise State And Control Constraints, Susanne C. Brenner, Li Yeng Sung, Zhiyu Tan

Faculty Publications

We design and analyze a cubic C interior penalty method for linear–quadratic elliptic distributed optimal control problems with pointwise state and control constraints. Numerical results that corroborate the theoretical error estimates are also presented. 0

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Strong Qcd From Hadron Structure Experiments, S. J. Brodsky, V. D. Burkert, D. S. Carman, J. P. Chen, Z. F. Cui, M. Döring, H. G. Dosch, J. Draayer, L. Elouadrhiri, D. I. Glazier, A. N. Hiller Blin, T. Horn, K. Joo, H. C. Kim, V. Kubarovsky, S. E. Kuhn, Y. Lu, W. Melnitchouk, C. Mezrag, V. I. Mokeev, J. W. Qiu, M. Radici, D. Richards, C. D. Roberts, J. Rodríguez-Quintero, J. Segovia, A. P. Szczepaniak, G. F. De Téramond, D. Winney Aug 2020

Strong Qcd From Hadron Structure Experiments, S. J. Brodsky, V. D. Burkert, D. S. Carman, J. P. Chen, Z. F. Cui, M. Döring, H. G. Dosch, J. Draayer, L. Elouadrhiri, D. I. Glazier, A. N. Hiller Blin, T. Horn, K. Joo, H. C. Kim, V. Kubarovsky, S. E. Kuhn, Y. Lu, W. Melnitchouk, C. Mezrag, V. I. Mokeev, J. W. Qiu, M. Radici, D. Richards, C. D. Roberts, J. Rodríguez-Quintero, J. Segovia, A. P. Szczepaniak, G. F. De Téramond, D. Winney

Faculty Publications

The topical workshop Strong QCD from Hadron Structure Experiments took place at Jefferson Lab from November 6-9, 2019. Impressive progress in relating hadron structure observables to the strong QCD mechanisms has been achieved from the ab initio QCD description of hadron structure in a diverse array of methods in order to expose emergent phenomena via quasi-particle formation. The wealth of experimental data and the advances in hadron structure theory make it possible to gain insight into strong interaction dynamics in the regime of large quark-gluon coupling (the strong QCD regime), which will address the most challenging problems of the Standard …

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Nucleon Pair Shell Model In M Scheme, B. C. He, Lei Li, Y. A. Luo, Y. Zhang, F. Pan, J. P. Draayer Aug 2020

Nucleon Pair Shell Model In M Scheme, B. C. He, Lei Li, Y. A. Luo, Y. Zhang, F. Pan, J. P. Draayer

Faculty Publications

The nucleon pair shell model (NPSM) is cast into the so-called M scheme for the cases with isospin symmetry and without isospin symmetry. The odd system and even system are treated on the same footing. The uncoupled commutators for nucleon pairs, which are suitable for the M scheme, are given. Explicit formula of matrix elements in M scheme for overlap, one-body operators, and two-body operators are obtained. It is found that the CPU time used in calculating the matrix elements in M scheme is much shorter than that in the J scheme of NPSM.

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Cellulose Nanofibers From Rapidly Microwave-Delignified Energy Cane Bagasse And Their Application In Drilling Fluids As Rheology And Filtration Modifiers, Chaozheng Liu, Meichun Li, Changtong Mei, Weimin Chen, Jingquan Han, Yiying Yue, Suxia Ren, Alfred D. French, Giovanna M. Aita, Gillian Eggleston, Qinglin Wu Aug 2020

Cellulose Nanofibers From Rapidly Microwave-Delignified Energy Cane Bagasse And Their Application In Drilling Fluids As Rheology And Filtration Modifiers, Chaozheng Liu, Meichun Li, Changtong Mei, Weimin Chen, Jingquan Han, Yiying Yue, Suxia Ren, Alfred D. French, Giovanna M. Aita, Gillian Eggleston, Qinglin Wu

Faculty Publications

Energy cane bagasse (ECB) is the major residue after the cane is milled to extract juice for sugar, biochemical, and/or biofuel production. The sustainable conversion of ECB into high value-added products can help reduce agricultural waste, and enhance utilization of bioresources. In the present work, we demonstrate that ECB can be converted into cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) that can serve as high value-added additives in bentonite water-based fluids (BT-WDFs). Particularly, cellulose fibers (CFs) were rapidly isolated from ECB by microwave-assisted NaOH / NaClO2 treatments. CFs treated with the higher NaOH concentration and microwave irradiation lost more lignin (96.2 % delignification) and …

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On How Wetlands Can Provide Flood Resilience In A Large River Basin: A Case Study In Nenjiang River Basin, China, Yanfeng Wu, Guangxin Zhang, Alain N. Rousseau, Y. Jun Xu, Étienne Foulon Aug 2020

On How Wetlands Can Provide Flood Resilience In A Large River Basin: A Case Study In Nenjiang River Basin, China, Yanfeng Wu, Guangxin Zhang, Alain N. Rousseau, Y. Jun Xu, Étienne Foulon

Faculty Publications

Wetlands are often acknowledged as a nature-based solution for improving flood resilience in a large river basin. However, the effects of wetlands on floods have not been assessed as extensively within a large river basin, as previous studies have mainly focused on assessing the effect on peak flows of a certain given return period. In this study, a distributed hydrological modeling platform was used to (i) quantify the effect of wetlands on floods with respect to event hydrographs, and (ii) investigate how flood regulation services can occur on the rising and falling limbs of an event hydrograph. Further, we hypothesized …

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Effects Of Irrigation Discharge On Salinity Of A Large Freshwater Lake: A Case Study In Chagan Lake, Northeast China, Xuemei Liu, Guangxin Zhang, Jingjie Zhang, Y. Jun Xu, Yao Wu, Yanfeng Wu, Guangzhi Sun, Yueqing Chen, Hongbo Ma Aug 2020

Effects Of Irrigation Discharge On Salinity Of A Large Freshwater Lake: A Case Study In Chagan Lake, Northeast China, Xuemei Liu, Guangxin Zhang, Jingjie Zhang, Y. Jun Xu, Yao Wu, Yanfeng Wu, Guangzhi Sun, Yueqing Chen, Hongbo Ma

Faculty Publications

The salinization of freshwater lakes by agricultural activities poses a threat to many lake ecosystems around the world. Quantitative, medium-to long-term studies are needed to understand how some common agricultural practices, such as the discharge of crop irrigation in the vicinities of large lakes, may affect lake salinization. In this study, hydrological, hydrodynamics, water quality and meteorological datasets were used to analyze the long-term spatial-temporal variations of water salinities of a major lake, the Chagan Lake, in Northeast China. An integrated hydrodynamics-salinity model was used to simulate lake water salinity changes taking place at different times and locations, including (i) …

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Riverbed Changes Of The Uppermost Atchafalaya River, Usa-A Case Study Of Channel Dynamics In Large Man-Controlled Alluvial River Confluences, Bo Wang, Y. Jun Xu, Wei Xu, Heqin Cheng, Zhongyuan Chen, Weiguo Zhang Aug 2020

Riverbed Changes Of The Uppermost Atchafalaya River, Usa-A Case Study Of Channel Dynamics In Large Man-Controlled Alluvial River Confluences, Bo Wang, Y. Jun Xu, Wei Xu, Heqin Cheng, Zhongyuan Chen, Weiguo Zhang

Faculty Publications

River confluences are important nodes for downstream sediment transport and geomorphological development. Previous studies have established the knowledge that under natural conditions, river confluence zones experience channel scour followed with middle channel bar development. Less care is however given to the intensity of a confluence scour zone under man-controlled conditions, such as discharge regulation and levee confinement. In general, our knowledge about long-term bed evolution downstream of large alluvial river confluences is limited. Here we conducted a study focused on the 69-km uppermost channel of the Atchafalaya River, the largest distributary of the Mississippi River, to test the hypothesis that …

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3-D Printed Customizable Vitrification Devices For Preservation Of Genetic Resources Of Aquatic Species, Connor J. Tiersch, Yue Liu, Terrence R. Tiersch, William T. Monroe Aug 2020

3-D Printed Customizable Vitrification Devices For Preservation Of Genetic Resources Of Aquatic Species, Connor J. Tiersch, Yue Liu, Terrence R. Tiersch, William T. Monroe

Faculty Publications

Sperm vitrification as an alternative approach to conventional cryopreservation (equilibrium freezing) allows quick and low-cost sample preservation and is suitable for small-bodied aquatic species with miniscule testis, fieldwork at remote locations, and small-scale freezing for research purposes. The goal of this present study was to develop operational prototypes of 3-dimensional (3-D) printed vitrification devices with innovative components that can provide comprehensive functionalities for practical repository development for aquatic species. The design featured an elongated loop to suspend a thin film of sperm sample in cryoprotectant, a retractable sleeve to protect the vitrified samples and allow permanent labeling, a handle to …

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Adaptive Fat Oxidation Is Coupled With Increased Lipid Storage In Adipose Tissue Of Female Mice Fed High Dietary Fat And Sucrose, Scott Fuller, Yongmei Yu, Timothy D. Allerton, Tamra Mendoza, David M. Ribnicky, Z. Elizabeth Floyd Aug 2020

Adaptive Fat Oxidation Is Coupled With Increased Lipid Storage In Adipose Tissue Of Female Mice Fed High Dietary Fat And Sucrose, Scott Fuller, Yongmei Yu, Timothy D. Allerton, Tamra Mendoza, David M. Ribnicky, Z. Elizabeth Floyd

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Western diets high in fat and sucrose are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Although the prevalence of MetS in women is comparable to that in men, metabolic adaptations in females to Western diet have not been reported in preclinical studies. This study investigates the effects of Western diet on risk factors for MetS in female mice. Based on our earlier studies in male mice, we hypothesized that dietary supplementation with extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L. (PMI5011) and Momordica charantia (bitter melon) could affect MetS risk factors in females. Eight-week-old female mice were fed a 10% kcal fat, 17% kcal sucrose …

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Birds In Fragmented Amazonian Rainforest: Lessons From 40 Years At The Biological Dynamics Of Forest Fragments Project, Philip C. Stouffer Aug 2020

Birds In Fragmented Amazonian Rainforest: Lessons From 40 Years At The Biological Dynamics Of Forest Fragments Project, Philip C. Stouffer

Faculty Publications

For decades, ecologists have studied fundamental questions of how Amazonian biodiversity is maintained, and whether that diversity can persist following deforestation. The long history of avian research at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, near Manaus, Brazil, has helped advance this understanding in the context of a broader research program focused on rainforest fragments embedded in a dynamic matrix. By sampling birds beginning before fragments were isolated, in the late 1970s, and continuing the protocol to the present, our work has revealed community dynamics driven not just by area and isolation, but also by larger landscape patterns, particularly second …

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Temporal And Concentration Effects Of Methanol On Cryopreservation Of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Sperm, Huiping Yang, E. Hu, Terrence Tiersch, Carrie Carmichael, Jen Matthews, Zoltan M. Varga Aug 2020

Temporal And Concentration Effects Of Methanol On Cryopreservation Of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Sperm, Huiping Yang, E. Hu, Terrence Tiersch, Carrie Carmichael, Jen Matthews, Zoltan M. Varga

Faculty Publications

We evaluated the cryoprotective effects of methanol on zebrafish sperm at different concentrations, exposure times, and stages during cryopreservation. Samples were collected by crushing of dissected testes or abdominal stripping. After exposure to 0%, 2%, 5%, 8%, and 10% methanol for 0-11 min, fresh sperm (1 × 106 cells/mL) did not show changes in plasma membrane integrity (measured by flow cytometer), but cell size changes (light scatter) were observed after exposure to 8% or 10%. After exposure for 0-60 min, fresh sperm (1 × 108 cells/mL) did not show significant changes in survival or membrane integrity. Sperm cryopreserved in 5%, …

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Bark Water Vapour Conductance Is Associated With Drought Performance In Tropical Trees, Brett T. Wolfe Aug 2020

Bark Water Vapour Conductance Is Associated With Drought Performance In Tropical Trees, Brett T. Wolfe

Faculty Publications

Bark water vapour conductance (g bark) is a rarely considered functional trait. However, for the few tree species measured to date, it appears high enough to create stem water deficits associated with mortality during droughts, when access to water is limited. I tested whether g bark correlates with stem water deficit during drought conditions in two datasets of tropical trees: One of saplings in forest understories during an annual dry season and one of potted saplings in a shadehouse during extreme drought conditions. Among all 14 populations of eight species measured, g bark varied more than 10-fold (0.86-12.98 mmol m-2 …

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Potential Use Of Biochar And Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant For Remediation Of Crude Oil-Contaminated Coastal Wetland Soil: Ecotoxicity Assessment, Zhuo Wei, Jim J. Wang, Yili Meng, Jiabing Li, Lewis A. Gaston, Lisa M. Fultz, Ronald D. Delaune Aug 2020

Potential Use Of Biochar And Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant For Remediation Of Crude Oil-Contaminated Coastal Wetland Soil: Ecotoxicity Assessment, Zhuo Wei, Jim J. Wang, Yili Meng, Jiabing Li, Lewis A. Gaston, Lisa M. Fultz, Ronald D. Delaune

Faculty Publications

Remediation of wetland soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons is a challenging task. Biosurfactant and biochar have been used in oil remediation. However, little is known about the ecotoxicity of these materials when applied in wetland ecosystems. In this study, the ecotoxicity of biochar and rhamnolipid (RL) biosurfactant as crude oil remediation strategies in a Louisiana wetland soil was investigated. A pot experiment was set up with wetland soil treated with/without crude oil followed by subjecting to application of 1% biochar and various levels of RL ranging from 0.1% to 1.4%. The ecotoxicity was evaluated regarding to high plant (S. Alterniflora), …

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