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Diabetic And Normal Children's Understanding Of Illness Causality., Randi C. Mcallister Jan 1988

Diabetic And Normal Children's Understanding Of Illness Causality., Randi C. Mcallister

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine developmental levels of the understanding of illness causality among diabetic children as compared to normal children. Thirty diabetic and 30 normal children were interviewed in order to measure their conceptual understanding of various illnesses and of diabetes. The subjects were also tested on a set of conservation tasks in order to determine their general level of cognitive development. The data analysis consisted of multivariable analysis of variance; analysis of variance with each of the two illness interviews as a dependent measure; analysis of covariance; a correlation of scores on the conservation tasks …

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The Relevance Of Visual Models In Linguistic Theory And Discourse Analysis., Alan Dee Manning Jan 1988

The Relevance Of Visual Models In Linguistic Theory And Discourse Analysis., Alan Dee Manning

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Five articles explain distinct types of linguistic phenomena with visual perception analogies. Together they give indications of similar cognitive systems underlying language and vision. First, relative numbers of languages with different basic-sentence orders for Subject, Verb, and Object fall in a hierarchy: #SOV $>$ #SVO $>$ #VSO $>$ #VOS $>$ #OVS $>$ #OSV. If syntactic interpretation parallels figure/ground interpretation and semantic form parallels enclosed visual forms then that hierarchy falls out more elegantly than in generative or functionalist explanations. Second, semantic interpretation of English syntactic form (subject NP-tense Aux-predicate VP), is modeled with the Penrose …

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Processing And Freezing Methods Influencing The Consistency And Quality Of Fresh And Frozen Peeled Crawfish (Procambarus Sp.) Meat., Gail Anne Marshall Jan 1988

Processing And Freezing Methods Influencing The Consistency And Quality Of Fresh And Frozen Peeled Crawfish (Procambarus Sp.) Meat., Gail Anne Marshall

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The production and processing of freshwater crawfish (Procambarus sp.) is an important seafood industry in Louisiana. Year round availability of a consistently high quality product will help maximize marketability of peeled crawfish meat. This study addressed several quality problems associated with fresh and frozen crawfish meat. Fresh, peeled crawfish meat is frequently packaged with hepatopancreas for added flavor in prepared dishes. Sporadic development of mushiness in crawfish meat packed with hepatopancreas was an unpredictable problem for crawfish processors. Hepatopancreatic enzymes were thought to be causing proteoloysis of ice-stored meat. Study results showed significant effects (p $<$ 0.01) of cooking time on the texture of ice-stored meat. Gelatin degradation by hepatopancreas proved to be a good indicator of enzyme activity and adequacy of blanch treatment. A popular preference for red swamp crawfish (P. clarkii) over white river crawfish (P. acutus acutus) is maintained by many processors and consumers. Both species are harvested simultaneously in mixed proportions. Easily recognizable exterior physical characteristics distinguish the two species. Sensory differences of processed tail meat had not been determined. Results showed insignificant differences (p $>$ 0.05) in texture …

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Coulomb States In Atoms And Solids., Darren Mark Ortalano Jan 1988

Coulomb States In Atoms And Solids., Darren Mark Ortalano

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In this dissertation, an empirical quantum defect approach to describe the valence excitons of the rare gas solids is developed. These Coulomb states are of s-symmetry and form a hydrogen-like series which converges to the bottom of the lowest conduction band. A non-zero quantum defect is found for all of the excitons of neon, argon and xenon. For these systems, then, there exists, in addition to the screened Coulombic component, a non-Coulombic component to the total exciton binding energy. The Wannier formalism is, therefore, inappropriate for the excitons of Ne, Ar and Xe. From the sign of the quantum defect, …

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On Roundedness In Matroid Theory., Talmage James Reid Jan 1988

On Roundedness In Matroid Theory., Talmage James Reid

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This thesis studies the relationship between subsets and specified minors in a 3-connected matroid. For positive integers k and m, a set S of k-connected matroids is (k,m)-rounded if it satisfies the following condition. Whenever M is a k-connected matroid having an S-minor and X is a subset of E(M) with at most m elements, then M has an S-minor using X. Oxley characterized the (3,2)-rounded sets that contain a single matroid. In Chapter 2, we obtain an analog of this result for binary matroids. In Chapter 3, we use this result to characterize the pairs of matroids which form …

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The Role Of Dietary Compliance In Survival Of Hemodialysis Patients., Laurie Ruggiero Jan 1988

The Role Of Dietary Compliance In Survival Of Hemodialysis Patients., Laurie Ruggiero

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The goal of the current study was to gain knowledge of the role that dietary compliance plays in the survival of end-stage renal failure patients receiving chronic in-center hemodialysis. As a result of this type of research, health care professionals may better understand the individual and collective influence that various aspects of dietary compliance have on survival. This knowledge would also be helpful in the identification and intervention of dietary noncompliance in hemodialysis patients. The present study investigated the relation of three commonly employed physiological parameters of dietary compliance to survival on hemodialysis and how well these dietary variables independently …

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The Murder Of The Father: Readings In Sade, Balzac And Proust., Douglas Brian Saylor Jan 1988

The Murder Of The Father: Readings In Sade, Balzac And Proust., Douglas Brian Saylor

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The "sadomasochistic homotext" is a text in which sadomasochism, homosexuality, the place of the father, and the perversion of language intersect. In the sadomasochistic homotext, a rebellious group seeks to usurp the authority of the father, through the perversion of language. Perversion, however, is constituted in language, and etymologies reveals that terms for homosexuality were created in the late Middle Ages and mid-nineteenth centuries. Medieval thought links homosexuality with heresy; the nineteenth century labels it "illness.". Plato's Aristophanes states that original humans were cut in half, and each half seeks the other. This division caused a disruption of language as …

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Multivariable Adaptive Control Design Under Internal Model Control Structure., Ivan Patricio Solar Jan 1988

Multivariable Adaptive Control Design Under Internal Model Control Structure., Ivan Patricio Solar

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A new adaptive multivariate control scheme has been devised. The method combines the best characteristics of conventional adaptive systems and internal model control (IMC) structure. The control scheme builds by itself the required models and avoids the ambiguities in the definition of performance specifications. The problem of plant inversion associated with the IMC structure has been solved. The method introduced in this work is based on the properties of the Smith-McMillan form. However, the method does not require the explicit determination of the form. Furthermore, the computation of a stable plant inverse requires only matrix inversion and scalar polynomial factorization. …

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Relative Isometric And Dynamic Endurance Curves For Different Muscle Groups Of The Upper Extremities., Seung Ho Yoon Jan 1988

Relative Isometric And Dynamic Endurance Curves For Different Muscle Groups Of The Upper Extremities., Seung Ho Yoon

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study analyzed the characteristics of both dynamic and isometric relative endurance curves for four different muscle groups of the upper extremities. College males (N = 56) were tested on the Cybex Isokinetic Dynamometer both isometrically and dynamically on four exercises: bench press, arm curls, shoulder internal rotation and wrist flexion. In all, eight separate exercises were examined. Each dynamic and isometric exercise bout was for 80 and 60 s, respectively and data were recorded ever 4 s. Parameters examined were Maximal Strength, Total Force Output, Relative Total (RT, TFO, divided by 80s or 60s x peak force), and Relative …

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The Legacy Of The Hawaiian Cultivator In Windward Valleys Of Hawaii. (Volumes I And Ii)., Ronald Norman Terry Jan 1988

The Legacy Of The Hawaiian Cultivator In Windward Valleys Of Hawaii. (Volumes I And Ii)., Ronald Norman Terry

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The composition of a forest of relicts of cultivation in four uninhabited valleys in Kohala, Hawaii, is documented. A general hypothesis is made that arboreal distribution patterns are a function of both historical land use and ecological interaction since abandonment. The physical and historical geography of the valleys was investigated. Climate varies little, but distinct geomorphic zones offer differing biological environments. Prehistoric land use consisted of taro patches with intercropped banks. Talus slope gardens supported the Polynesian tree crops 'ohi'a 'ai (Eugenia malaccensis), kukui (Aleurites moluccana), 'ulu, (Artocarpus incisus), ti (Cordyline terminalis), and noni (Morinda citrifolia), important in today's flora. …

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Analytical Study Of Doubly Excited Ridge States., Hin Yiu Wong Jan 1988

Analytical Study Of Doubly Excited Ridge States., Hin Yiu Wong

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Two different non-separable problems are explored and analyzed. Non-perturbative methods need to be used to handle them, as the competing forces involved in these problems are equally strong and do not yield to a perturbative analysis. The first one is the study of doubly excited ridge states of atoms, in which two electrons are comparably excited. An analytical wavefunction for such states is introduced and is used to solve the two-electron Hamiltonian in the pair coordinates called "hyperspherical coordinates" variationally. The correlation between the electrons is built in analytically into the structure of the wavefunction. Sequences of ridge states out …

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Effects Of Sex And Social Influence On Perception Of Physical Effort During Light To Heavy Work By Elite Athletes., Michael Francis Sylva Jan 1988

Effects Of Sex And Social Influence On Perception Of Physical Effort During Light To Heavy Work By Elite Athletes., Michael Francis Sylva

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study was designed to investigate the effect of sex and social influence on perception of physical effort during light or heavy work by male and female athletes. Subjects performed three submaximal trials of 27 minutes each on a cycle ergometer at 25, 50 and 70% of maximum oxygen consumption in the presence of a male coactor, a female coactor, and just riding alone. The results indicated that subjects' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were similar when performing at all three coactor/alone conditions. No significant sex difference in RPE was found. Thus, highly trained male and female atheletes did not …

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Development Of A Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Simulation Model: A Hybrid Systems Approach., Vinay Kumar Vasudev Jan 1988

Development Of A Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Simulation Model: A Hybrid Systems Approach., Vinay Kumar Vasudev

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The key to the successful "factory of the future" will be the effective coordination of managerial functions and production operations. The research presented in this dissertation addresses this "coordination" issue, especially in terms of understanding the impact and possibilities which exist in an information-rich environment. Such an environment is often referred to in the literature as being a computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) environment. An interactive simulation modeling program, MOSES (Manufacturing Organization Simulation and Evaluation System), was developed for the purpose of describing, analyzing, and understanding such manufacturing. MOSES is a copyrighted computer program, a menu-driven, interactive, simulation modeling tool. MOSES users …

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On Matroid Connectivity., Safwan Akkari Jan 1988

On Matroid Connectivity., Safwan Akkari

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Certain classes of 2- and 3-connected matroids are studied in this thesis. In Chapter 2 we give a characterization of those 2-connected matroids M with the property that, for a given positive integer m, the deletion of every non-empty subset of M having at most m elements is disconnected. A bound on the maximum number of elements of such a matroid in terms of its rank is also given, along with a complete description of the matroids attaining this bound. These results extend results of Murty and Oxley for minimally 2-connected matroids. A characterization of the 3-connected matroids M that …

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Construct Validity Of Depression And Anxiety In Pre-Adolescents And Adolescents: A Taxometric Approach., Michael P. Carey Jan 1988

Construct Validity Of Depression And Anxiety In Pre-Adolescents And Adolescents: A Taxometric Approach., Michael P. Carey

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The similarities and differences of the response classes of depression and anxiety were investigated with a sample of pre-adolescents and adolescents. The subjects were 412 pre-adolescents and adolescents from a local public school and a local psychiatric hospital. All of the participants were administered a battery of self-rating on two consecutive days. Two self-ratings of depression and two anxiety measures were utilized in order to adequately sample the content domains. Additionally, self-ratings were used to assess nine related response classes (i.e, fears, social skills, major life events, activity, hopelessness, depressed mood, anxious mood, parent-adolescent conflict, and dysfunctional thoughts). All assessment …

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A Toxic Metabolite Produced By Diaporthe Phaseolorum Var. Caulivora, The Causal Organism Of Stem Canker Of Soybean., Lalitha R. Burra Jan 1988

A Toxic Metabolite Produced By Diaporthe Phaseolorum Var. Caulivora, The Causal Organism Of Stem Canker Of Soybean., Lalitha R. Burra

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The role of a toxic metabolite in the stem canker disease of soybean was investigated. Isolates of Dpc produced a metabolite in the culture filtrate which produced symptoms similar to stem canker on soybean plants. The severity of symptoms was dose dependent. The isolate from Opelousas, Louisiana produced significantly higher amounts of the toxin than the other isolates. A positive correlation was seen between the amount of toxin produced and the severity of disease produced by the Dpc isolates. Among twelve plant species tested, only soybean and lima bean, were sensitive to the toxin. Reaction of five soybean cultivars to …

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Lie Group And Control Theory., Inheung Chon Jan 1988

Lie Group And Control Theory., Inheung Chon

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Let G be a Lie group, L(G) its Lie algebra. If S is a closed subsemigroup of G, we define its tangent set L(S) by L(S) = $\{$X $\in$ L(G): exp(tX) $\in$ S for t $\geq$ 0$\}$. It is a standard result that L(S) is a closed convex cone--indeed a special such called a Lie wedge. In specific examples it is generally not so difficult to determine L(S) given S. However, in the reverse direction, it is often quite difficult to compute precisely the semigroup generated by exp(L(S)) (the so-called infinitesimally generated subsemigroup) and determine whether it is all of …

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A Test Of Two Models Of Controllability In Institutionalized Older Adults., Jane Coleman Irion Jan 1988

A Test Of Two Models Of Controllability In Institutionalized Older Adults., Jane Coleman Irion

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The present study investigated contemporary and traditional theoretical models of controllability and their relation to outcomes such as depression and well-being among institutionalized older adults. Participants included 70 nursing home residents screened for absence of substantial cognitive impairment. They were administered measures of physical disability, symptoms of aging, depression, and well-being. Further, in addition to a traditional, global measure of locus of control, subjects were interviewed regarding their perceptions of control in four domains of living: meals, activities, privacy, and schedule, in order to assess the constructs proposed by the contemporary two-process model of control. Results affirmed the hypothesis that …

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Root And Top Growth Response Of Five Woody Ornamental Species To In Field Fabric Containers, Bed Height, Trickle Irrigation, Fertilizer Source And Fertilizer Rate In Louisiana., Donald Lee Fuller Jan 1988

Root And Top Growth Response Of Five Woody Ornamental Species To In Field Fabric Containers, Bed Height, Trickle Irrigation, Fertilizer Source And Fertilizer Rate In Louisiana., Donald Lee Fuller

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Fabric field container studies were initiated in April, 1985, and continued for two years. The following four treatment combinations were evaluated: (1) production methods and trickle irrigation; (2) fertilizer sources and trickle irrigation; (3) fabric field container size, trickle irrigation, and fertilizer application methods; and (4) rate of slow-release fertilizer. Uniform 3.8 liter container-grown liners of Acer rubrum (red maple), Betula nigra (river birch), Pinus Elliotti (slash pine), Quercus virginiana (live oak), and Taxodium distichum (bald cypress) were transplanted in each of the studies, and Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip tree) was also included in study four. Production methods included balled and …

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For At-Risk Students: A Theory Based Alternative Structured School Model, Its Implementation And Evaluation., Suzan Naquin Gaston Jan 1988

For At-Risk Students: A Theory Based Alternative Structured School Model, Its Implementation And Evaluation., Suzan Naquin Gaston

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study has been to design, implement, and evaluate an alternative structure to traditional schools, operationalized as the Louisiana State Youth Opportunities Unlimited School. The alternative structure of the school was based on a number of theoretical concepts. The implementation of this structure intended to increase the level of coping skills in student participants who were at risk for dropping out of high school. There were two theoretical models that influenced the design of the LSYOU school. The first model suggests that the socialization of clients is most effective in organizations that are high in scope and …

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Cerebral Dominance, Language, And Emotion: A Divided Visual Field Study Of Lateral Asymmetries In The Processing Of Verbal Stimuli., Margaret Helene Launius Jan 1988

Cerebral Dominance, Language, And Emotion: A Divided Visual Field Study Of Lateral Asymmetries In The Processing Of Verbal Stimuli., Margaret Helene Launius

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Thirty male and thirty female undergraduate students participated in a divided visual field study designed to examine the effects of emotional content on cerebral lateral asymmetries in the processing of verbal stimuli. The study utilized a randomized block design with a three-factor factorial arrangement of treatments. Each of the three within-subjects factors has two levels, resulting in a Task (lexical, affect-salient) x Word Type (happy, sad) x Visual Field (left, right) design. A bilateral presentation/manual response paradigm was utilized. In the lexical task, emotional words were paired with nonsense words and subjects were asked to respond to the "real English …

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Development And Design Of A Fluidized Bed/Upflow Sand Filter Configuration For Use In Recirculating Aquaculture Systems., Daniel G. Burden Jan 1988

Development And Design Of A Fluidized Bed/Upflow Sand Filter Configuration For Use In Recirculating Aquaculture Systems., Daniel G. Burden

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A fluidized bed/upflow sand filter configuration, was developed and designed for utilization in recirculating aquaculture system, specifically the soft-shell crab and soft-shell crawfish industries. These filters were selected and designed because of their ability to withstand clogging and still maintain high levels of water quality for aquaculture production. The effectiveness of sand grain size was used to evaluate fluidized bed filter performance with filter loadings ranging from 16 to 1285 pounds of crawfish per cubic foot of filter sand. A coarse sand grain size was recommended as a filter media because of it's ability to shear excessive biofilm growth from …

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Double Loop Interconnection Networks With Minimal Transmission Delay., Dvora Tzvieli Jan 1988

Double Loop Interconnection Networks With Minimal Transmission Delay., Dvora Tzvieli

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The interconnection network is a critical component in massively parallel architectures and in large communication networks. An important criterion in evaluating such networks is their transmission delay, which is determined to a large extent by the diameter of the underlying graph. The loop network is popular due to its simplicity, symmetry and expandability. By adding chords to the loop, the diameter and reliability are improved. In this work we deal with the problem of minimizing the diameter of double loop networks, which model various communication networks and also the Illiac type Mesh Connected Computer. A double loop network, (also known …

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Semantic Encoding In Alzheimer's Disease And Multi-Infarct Dementia., Bryan Alan Bernard Jan 1988

Semantic Encoding In Alzheimer's Disease And Multi-Infarct Dementia., Bryan Alan Bernard

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Episodic and semantic memory tasks were administered to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID). The MID group had multi-focal lesions predominantly in the subcortical regions. Episodic memory is recall of events in a particular temporal-spatial context, whereas semantic memory is "knowledge" memory regarding words and their associations. The AD and MID groups were comparable in terms of level of dementia. A control group of healthy elderly subjects was comparable to the dementia groups in regard to age and years of education. The experimental measure of semantic encoding involved presentation of six 14-word lists composed of …

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An Investigation Of Legal Reasoning In Decisions To Raise The Competency To Stand Trial Motion., Lisa Myra Berman Jan 1988

An Investigation Of Legal Reasoning In Decisions To Raise The Competency To Stand Trial Motion., Lisa Myra Berman

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Competency to stand trial evaluations lack an operational criterion for evaluation by mental health professionals. This dissertation investigated the legal reasoning behind the decision to raise the competency motion, to highlight variables which might contribute to such a definition. In the first study, 224 defendants in the Baton Rouge Public Defender's Office were described by the legal investigators using endorsements on the Pre Trial Behavior Checklist, a list of descriptors adapted from competency research conducted by Roesch and Golding (1980). A discriminant analysis using all the PTBC subscales predicted the raising of the motion at a rate greater than chance. …

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Computer Anxiety Levels Of Southern Region Cooperative Extension Service Agents., Myra Lynn Nettles Smith Jan 1988

Computer Anxiety Levels Of Southern Region Cooperative Extension Service Agents., Myra Lynn Nettles Smith

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The objectives of this study were: to determine the computer anxiety levels of Cooperative Extension Service agents; to describe agents' concerning computer use, skill levels, availability and use of office computers, formal computer training, and administrative support; and to determine the variance in computer anxiety explained by selected variables. A mailed questionnaire to 544 randomly selected Southern Region agents was used with a 97.8% response rate. Computer anxiety levels were measured using Oetting's (1983) Computer Anxiety Scale (COMPAS). Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients were calculated. Stepwise multiple regression at the.05 level was used to develop a model which explained agents' …

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Effect Of Dietary Lipids And Cholesterol On Liver And Yolk Cholesterol Levels And Fatty Acid Composition Of Serum Cholesterol Esters In Laying Hens., Lincoln F. Berrio Jan 1988

Effect Of Dietary Lipids And Cholesterol On Liver And Yolk Cholesterol Levels And Fatty Acid Composition Of Serum Cholesterol Esters In Laying Hens., Lincoln F. Berrio

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of various lipids on laying hen cholesterol metabolism. Hens of equal age and production status were used and housed in individual cages with individual feeders. Main responses measured were yolk, liver and serum cholesterol, and fatty acid composition of serum cholesterol esters. Preliminary results showed a significant linear yolk cholesterol increase on day 9 with 0, 0.5, and 1% dietary cholesterol. Added levels of up to 4% cholesterol for 21 days failed to significantly increase further yolk cholesterol. Serum cholesterol was unaffected. In six subsequent experiments, the following lipid comparisons were made …

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Perceived Effectiveness Of Agricultural Education Student Teaching In The Southern Region Of The United States., Curtis Joseph Borne Jan 1988

Perceived Effectiveness Of Agricultural Education Student Teaching In The Southern Region Of The United States., Curtis Joseph Borne

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of student teaching as perceived by first year teachers, university supervisors and cooperating classroom teachers. The objectives of the study were as follows: (1) to describe student teaching in agricultural education as perceived by first year teachers, university supervisors, and cooperating classroom teachers, (2) to determine first year teachers' self-perceived preparedness for teaching vocational agriculture,(3) to identify perceptions of first year teachers of vocational agriculture regarding sources of self-perceived preparedness, and (4) to identify significant sources of variance in perceived preparedness explained by components of the preservice program and characteristics …

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Interfacing Hplc-Flame Aas Using A Thermospray Nebulizer Speciation Studies Of Calcium And Magnesium., Duk Soon Choi Jan 1988

Interfacing Hplc-Flame Aas Using A Thermospray Nebulizer Speciation Studies Of Calcium And Magnesium., Duk Soon Choi

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A new sample introduction device for flame AAS was developed based on the use of a thermospray nebulizer. The thermospray nebulizer produced a relatively uniform aerosol droplet size which underwent desolvation before entering the flame. As a result, signal dependence on different solvents as seen in common pneumatic nebulizers was not observed with the thermospray nebulizer. By placing the nebulizer below the flame burner head, the analyte transportation efficiency was significantly improved up to 60%. Sensitivity improvement over commercial pneumatic nebulizers was 5 to 10 fold depending on the metal studied. Detection limits of pg level were achieved with the …

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Physiological And Behavioral Responses To Aerial Exposure In The Asian Clam, Corbicula Fluminea (Muller)., Roger Anthony Byrne Jan 1988

Physiological And Behavioral Responses To Aerial Exposure In The Asian Clam, Corbicula Fluminea (Muller)., Roger Anthony Byrne

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Aerially exposed, bivalve molluscs face opposing problems of preventing water loss, and maintaining metabolism. Because of the unpredictability of emersion duration, most freshwater bivalve families are capable of extensive emersion tolerance. Corbicula fluminea (Muller) is a relatively recent invader of freshwater and shares many physiological features with its estuarine ancestors. It might be expected to be intermediate in its emersion responses between those of more ancient freshwater forms, and those of estuarine clams. In air, C. fluminea displayed ventilatory behaviors which were associated with high rates of aerial O$\sb2$ uptake and CO$\sb2$ release. Normoxically exposed clams had bursts of heat …

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