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Articles 5761 - 5790 of 13619
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Increased Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Consumption And Its Effect On Macular Pigment Optical Density: The Eye Health In College-Age Students Iii Pilot Study, Markita M. Lewis
Increased Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Consumption And Its Effect On Macular Pigment Optical Density: The Eye Health In College-Age Students Iii Pilot Study, Markita M. Lewis
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Association Of Drd4 Gene Polymorphisms With Range In Species Of The Genus Copsychus, Jocelyn B. Miller
Association Of Drd4 Gene Polymorphisms With Range In Species Of The Genus Copsychus, Jocelyn B. Miller
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Analyzing Market Incentives For Wetland Restoration In Louisiana: Wetland Mitigation Banking, Blue Carbon Sequestration, And Wetland Entrepreneurship, Eric Newberry
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Functional Morphology Of The Spiracle And Surrounding Structures Of The Spiny Dogfish Shark, Squalus Acanthias, Kyle L. Paulk
Functional Morphology Of The Spiracle And Surrounding Structures Of The Spiny Dogfish Shark, Squalus Acanthias, Kyle L. Paulk
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Exploring The Kothi Retrotransposon Through The Common Marmoset Genome, Erika Arceneaux
Exploring The Kothi Retrotransposon Through The Common Marmoset Genome, Erika Arceneaux
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Controlling Competing Phases Of Magnetic Intermetallics And Bioceramics, Jacob D. Mcalpin
Controlling Competing Phases Of Magnetic Intermetallics And Bioceramics, Jacob D. Mcalpin
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
A Genetic Basis For Differential Survival Of Escherichia Coli In The Environment, Chelsea Kliebert
A Genetic Basis For Differential Survival Of Escherichia Coli In The Environment, Chelsea Kliebert
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
The Structure Of Human 15-Lipoxygenase-2 With A Substrate Mimic, Matthew J. Kobe, David B. Neau, Caitlin E. Mitchell, Sue G. Bartlett, Marcia E. Newcomer
The Structure Of Human 15-Lipoxygenase-2 With A Substrate Mimic, Matthew J. Kobe, David B. Neau, Caitlin E. Mitchell, Sue G. Bartlett, Marcia E. Newcomer
Faculty Publications
Atherosclerosis is associated with chronic inflammation occurring over decades. The enzyme 15-lipoxygenase-2 (15-LOX-2) is highly expressed in large atherosclerotic plaques, and its activity has been linked to the progression of macrophages to the lipid-laden foam cells present in atherosclerotic plaques.We report here the crystal structure of human 15-LOX-2 in complex with an inhibitor that appears to bind as a substrate mimic. 15-LOX-2 contains a long loop, composed of hydrophobic amino acids, which projects from the amino-terminal membrane-binding domain. The loop is flanked by two Ca2+-binding sites that confer Ca2+-dependent membrane binding. A comparison of the human 15-LOX-2 and 5-LOX structures …
Inundicola Bravo, Isler, And Brumfield 2013 Is A Junior Synonym Of Akletos Dunajewski 1948 (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae), Morton L. Isler, Gustavo A. Bravo, Robb T. Brumfield
Inundicola Bravo, Isler, And Brumfield 2013 Is A Junior Synonym Of Akletos Dunajewski 1948 (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae), Morton L. Isler, Gustavo A. Bravo, Robb T. Brumfield
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Notes On The Avifauna Of The Floodplain Forest Of The Rio Mamoré, Beni, Bolivia, With A Description Of The Juvenile Plumage Of Unicolored Thrush (Turdus Haplochrous) (Aves: Turdidae), Ryan S. Terrill, Miguel Angel Aponte Justiniano, Michael G. Harvey, Glenn F. Seeholzer, Rosa Ines Strem
Notes On The Avifauna Of The Floodplain Forest Of The Rio Mamoré, Beni, Bolivia, With A Description Of The Juvenile Plumage Of Unicolored Thrush (Turdus Haplochrous) (Aves: Turdidae), Ryan S. Terrill, Miguel Angel Aponte Justiniano, Michael G. Harvey, Glenn F. Seeholzer, Rosa Ines Strem
Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University
Notes on the avifauna of the floodplain forest of the Rio Mamoré, Beni, Bolivia, with a description of the Juvenile plumage of Unicolored Thrush (Turdus haplochrous) – The floodplain forest along the Rio Mamoré is an isolated stretch of riverine forest in the matrix of flooded grassland and gallery forest of the Llanos de Moxos in the department of Beni, Bolivia and contains an understudied avifauna. This habitat potentially represents a stronghold for certain bird taxa. During Dec 2010-Jan 2011, we conducted daily audiovisual censuses, targeted collecting with shotguns, and general collecting with mist-nets for birds at a …
Quantifying The Impact Of Mosquitoes On Quality Of Life And Enjoyment Of Yard And Porch Activities In New Jersey, Yara A. Halasa, Donald S. Shepard, Dina M. Fonseca, Ary Farajollahi, Sean Healy, Randy Gaugler, Kristen Bartlett-Healy, Daniel A. Strickman, Gary G. Clark
Quantifying The Impact Of Mosquitoes On Quality Of Life And Enjoyment Of Yard And Porch Activities In New Jersey, Yara A. Halasa, Donald S. Shepard, Dina M. Fonseca, Ary Farajollahi, Sean Healy, Randy Gaugler, Kristen Bartlett-Healy, Daniel A. Strickman, Gary G. Clark
Faculty Publications
The recent expansion of Aedes albopictus, a day-biting mosquito, to densely inhabited areas in the northeastern Atlantic states of the USA has dramatically increased the problem that mosquitoes create for urban and suburban residents. We quantified the impact of mosquitoes on residents' quality of life within the context of a comprehensive area-wide integrated pest management program to control Ae. albopictus in two counties (Mercer and Monmouth) in New Jersey. We interviewed residents of 121 randomly selected households in both counties between October and November 2010. We asked residents about their experience with mosquitoes in their neighborhood and the importance of …
Faculty Senate Newsletter, March 2014, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College
Faculty Senate Newsletter, March 2014, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College
LSU Faculty Senate Publications
Message from President: A temptation for the writer of a “welcome” column to a journal of academic controversy is to win faculty sympathy by selecting the error or abuse of the month and then targeting the perpetrators in some or other corner of the administration. Although it is true that Louisiana higher education suffers from frustrated and stymied as well as from less than altruistic management, it is also true that, up and down the state, faculty members avoid the exercise of assorted options that could make matters better. Given the slow flow of information in secrecy-obsessed Louisiana, it is …
What Will It Take To Observe Processes In 'Real Time'?, Stephen R. Leone, C. William Mccurdy, Joachim Burgdörfer, Lorenz S. Cederbaum, Zenghu Chang, Nirit Dudovich, Johannes Feist, Chris H. Greene, Misha Ivanov, Reinhard Kienberger, Ursula Keller, Matthias F. Kling, Zhi Heng Loh, Thomas Pfeifer, Adrian N. Pfeiffer, Robin Santra, Kenneth Schafer, Albert Stolow, Uwe Thumm, Marc J.J. Vrakking
What Will It Take To Observe Processes In 'Real Time'?, Stephen R. Leone, C. William Mccurdy, Joachim Burgdörfer, Lorenz S. Cederbaum, Zenghu Chang, Nirit Dudovich, Johannes Feist, Chris H. Greene, Misha Ivanov, Reinhard Kienberger, Ursula Keller, Matthias F. Kling, Zhi Heng Loh, Thomas Pfeifer, Adrian N. Pfeiffer, Robin Santra, Kenneth Schafer, Albert Stolow, Uwe Thumm, Marc J.J. Vrakking
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
A Conceptual Framework For Analyzing Social-Ecological Models Of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Melissa L. Finucane, Jefferson Fox, Sumeet Saksena, James H. Spencer
A Conceptual Framework For Analyzing Social-Ecological Models Of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Melissa L. Finucane, Jefferson Fox, Sumeet Saksena, James H. Spencer
Faculty Publications
Unraveling mechanisms that underlie new and reemerging infectious diseases (EID) requires exploring complex interactions within and among coupled natural and human (CNH) systems. This scientifi c problem poses one of the most diffi cult challenges for society today (Wilcox and Colwell 2005 ). EID are diseases that have recently increased in incidence or in geographic or host range (e.g., tuberculosis, cholera, malaria, dengue fever), and diseases caused by new pathogens and new variants assigned to known pathogens (e.g., HIV, SARS, Nipah virus, and avian infl uenza) (Morse 2005 ). Wilcox and Gubler ( 2005 ) and Wilcox and Colwell ( …
A Study Of Biliverdin, Serum Albumin And Hemoglobin In The Scincid Lizard, Prasinohaema, Oliver Sinquefield
A Study Of Biliverdin, Serum Albumin And Hemoglobin In The Scincid Lizard, Prasinohaema, Oliver Sinquefield
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Notes On Bird Species In Bamboo In Northern Madre De Dios, Peru, Including The First Peruvian Record Of Acre Tody-Tyrant (Hemitriccus Cohnhafti), Michael G. Harvey, Daniel F. Lane, Justin Hite, Ryan S. Terrill, Sheila Figueroa Ramírez, Brian Tilston Smith, John Klicka, Walter Vargas Campos
Notes On Bird Species In Bamboo In Northern Madre De Dios, Peru, Including The First Peruvian Record Of Acre Tody-Tyrant (Hemitriccus Cohnhafti), Michael G. Harvey, Daniel F. Lane, Justin Hite, Ryan S. Terrill, Sheila Figueroa Ramírez, Brian Tilston Smith, John Klicka, Walter Vargas Campos
Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University
In the southwestern Amazon Basin, large areas of habitat are comprised predominantly of Guadua bamboo. Many bird species occur in or specialize on Guadua-dominated habitats, but little is known about the taxonomy, distribution, and evolutionary history of this avian assemblage. During 2011, we surveyed the surroundings of Iberia, an area with many large Guadua stands in the southern Peruvian Amazon. We found many Guadua specialist bird species and discovered a surprising Andean element to the local avifauna. We present information on Guadua specialists, Andean species, birds of open habitats, and avian migration and reproduction. We provide accounts for species …
The Induction Of Lipocalin-2 Protein Expression In Vivo And In Vitro, Peng Zhao, Carrie M. Elks, Jacqueline M. Stephens
The Induction Of Lipocalin-2 Protein Expression In Vivo And In Vitro, Peng Zhao, Carrie M. Elks, Jacqueline M. Stephens
Faculty Publications
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is secreted from adipocytes, and its expression is up-regulated in obese and diabetic mice and humans. LCN2 expression and secretion have been shown to be induced by two proinflammatory cytokines, IFNγ and TNFα, in cultured murine and human adipocytes. In these studies, we demonstrated that IFNγ and TNFα induced LCN2 expression and secretion in vivo. Although we observed a strong induction of LCN2 expression and secretion from white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, the induction of LCN2 varied among different insulin-sensitive tissues. Knockdown experiments also demonstrated that STAT1 is required for IFNγ-induced lipocalin-2 expression in murine adipocytes. Similarly, knockdown …
Bayesian Dose-Finding Designs For Combination Of Molecularly Targeted Agents Assuming Partial Stochastic Ordering, Beibei Guo, Yisheng Li
Bayesian Dose-Finding Designs For Combination Of Molecularly Targeted Agents Assuming Partial Stochastic Ordering, Beibei Guo, Yisheng Li
Faculty Publications
Molecularly targeted agent (MTA) combination therapy is in the early stages of development. When using a fixed dose of one agent in combinations of MTAs, toxicity and efficacy do not necessarily increase with an increasing dose of the other agent. Thus, in dose-finding trials for combinations of MTAs, interest may lie in identifying the optimal biological dose combinations (OBDCs), defined as the lowest dose combinations (in a certain sense) that are safe and have the highest efficacy level meeting a prespecified target. The limited existing designs for these trials use parametric dose-efficacy and dose-toxicity models. Motivated by a phase I/II …
Exploring Local Adaptation And The Ocean Acidification Seascape - Studies In The California Current Large Marine Ecosystem, G. E. Hofmann, T. G. Evans, M. W. Kelly, J. L. Padilla-Gamiño, C. A. Blanchette, L. Washburn, F. Chan, M. A. Mcmanus, B. A. Menge, B. Gaylord, T. M. Hill, E. Sanford, M. Lavigne, J. M. Rose, L. Kapsenberg, J. M. Dutton
Exploring Local Adaptation And The Ocean Acidification Seascape - Studies In The California Current Large Marine Ecosystem, G. E. Hofmann, T. G. Evans, M. W. Kelly, J. L. Padilla-Gamiño, C. A. Blanchette, L. Washburn, F. Chan, M. A. Mcmanus, B. A. Menge, B. Gaylord, T. M. Hill, E. Sanford, M. Lavigne, J. M. Rose, L. Kapsenberg, J. M. Dutton
Faculty Publications
The California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), a temperate marine region dominated by episodic upwelling, is predicted to experience rapid environmental change in the future due to ocean acidification. The aragonite saturation state within the California Current System is predicted to decrease in the future with near-permanent undersaturation conditions expected by the year 2050. Thus, the CCLME is a critical region to study due to the rapid rate of environmental change that resident organisms will experience and because of the economic and societal value of this coastal region. Recent efforts by a research consortium-the Ocean Margin Ecosystems Group for Acidification …
Accessing Near-Infrared-Absorbing Bf2-Azadipyrromethenes Via A Push-Pull Effect, Lijuan Jiao, Yayang Wu, Sufan Wang, Xiaoke Hu, Ping Zhang, Changjiang Yu, Kebing Cong, Qianli Meng, Erhong Hao, M. Graça H. Vicente
Accessing Near-Infrared-Absorbing Bf2-Azadipyrromethenes Via A Push-Pull Effect, Lijuan Jiao, Yayang Wu, Sufan Wang, Xiaoke Hu, Ping Zhang, Changjiang Yu, Kebing Cong, Qianli Meng, Erhong Hao, M. Graça H. Vicente
Faculty Publications
Novel aza-BODIPYs with significant bathochromic shifts were designed and synthesized by installation of strong electron-withdrawing groups on the para-positions of 1,7-phenyls and electron-donating groups on the para-positions of 3,4-phenyls. These dyes show strong NIR fluorescence emissions up to 756 nm, and absorptions up to 720 nm. © 2014 American Chemical Society.
Surface Assembly And Nanofabrication Of 1,1,1-Tris(Mercaptomethyl)Heptadecane On Au(111) Studied With Time-Lapse Atomic Force Microscopy, Tian Tian, Burapol Singhana, Lauren E. Englade-Franklin, Xianglin Zhai, T. Randall Lee, Jayne C. Garno
Surface Assembly And Nanofabrication Of 1,1,1-Tris(Mercaptomethyl)Heptadecane On Au(111) Studied With Time-Lapse Atomic Force Microscopy, Tian Tian, Burapol Singhana, Lauren E. Englade-Franklin, Xianglin Zhai, T. Randall Lee, Jayne C. Garno
Faculty Publications
The solution self-assembly of multidentate organothiols onto Au(111) was studied in situ using scanning probe nanolithography and time-lapse atomic force microscopy (AFM). Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) prepared from dilute solutions of multidentate thiols were found to assemble slowly, requiring more than six hours to generate films. A clean gold substrate was first imaged in ethanolic media using liquid AFM. Next, a 0.01 mM solution of multidentate thiol was injected into the liquid cell. As time progressed, molecular-level details of the surface changes at different time intervals were captured by successive AFM images. Scanning probe based nanofabrication was accomplished using protocols of …
Pfkfb3 Regulates Oxidative Stress Homeostasis Via Its S-Glutathionylation In Cancer, Minsuh Seo, Yong Hwan Lee
Pfkfb3 Regulates Oxidative Stress Homeostasis Via Its S-Glutathionylation In Cancer, Minsuh Seo, Yong Hwan Lee
Faculty Publications
Whereas moderately increased cellular oxidative stress is supportive for cancerous growth of cells, excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are detrimental to their growth and survival. We demonstrated that high ROS levels, via increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG), induce isoform-specific S-glutathionylation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) at residue Cys206, which is located near the entrance to the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase catalytic pocket. Upon this ROS-dependent, reversible, covalent modification, a marked decrease in its catalytic ability to synthesize fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2), the key glycolysis allosteric activator, was observed. This event was coupled to a decrease in glycolytic flux and an increase in glucose metabolic flux …
Faculty Senate Resolution 14-01, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College
Faculty Senate Resolution 14-01, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College
LSU Faculty Senate Publications
Faculty Senate Resolution on correcting and replacing the 'Smoke-Free Campus' committee; failed to advance to discussion, not adopted.
Plastid Phylogenomics And Green Plant Phylogeny: Almost Full Circle But Not Quite There, Charles C. Davis, Zhenxiang Xi, Sarah Mathews
Plastid Phylogenomics And Green Plant Phylogeny: Almost Full Circle But Not Quite There, Charles C. Davis, Zhenxiang Xi, Sarah Mathews
Faculty Publications
A study in BMC Evolutionary Biology represents the most comprehensive effort to clarify the phylogeny of green plants using sequences from the plastid genome. This study highlights the strengths and limitations of plastome data for resolving the green plant phylogeny, and points toward an exciting future for plant phylogenetics, during which the vast and largely untapped territory of nuclear genomes will be explored. © 2014 Davis et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Assay Of Phosphofructokinase-1, Andrew Malina, Sherrisse K. Bryant, Simon H. Chang, Grover L. Waldrop, S. Douglass Gilman
Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Assay Of Phosphofructokinase-1, Andrew Malina, Sherrisse K. Bryant, Simon H. Chang, Grover L. Waldrop, S. Douglass Gilman
Faculty Publications
An assay was developed for phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) using capillary electrophoresis (CE). In the glycolytic pathway, this enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step from fructose-6-phosphate and magnesium-bound adenosine triphosphate (Mg-ATP) to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and magnesium-bound adenosine diphosphate (Mg-ADP). This enzyme has recently become a research target because of the importance of glycolysis in cancer and obesity. The CE assay for PFK-1 is based on the separation and detection by ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 260 nm of Mg-ATP and Mg-ADP. The separation was enhanced by the addition of Mg 2+ to the separation buffer. Inhibition studies of PFK-1 by aurintricarboxylic acid and palmitoyl coenzyme …
Redox Control Of Human Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Protein Mitoneet [2fe-2s] Clusters By Biological Thiols And Hydrogen Peroxide, Aaron P. Landry, Huangen Ding
Redox Control Of Human Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Protein Mitoneet [2fe-2s] Clusters By Biological Thiols And Hydrogen Peroxide, Aaron P. Landry, Huangen Ding
Faculty Publications
Background: MitoNEET is a target of the type II diabetes drug pioglitazone and contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster. Results: The mitoNEET [2Fe-2S] cluster can be reduced by biological thiols and reversibly oxidized by hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion: The redox state of mitoNEET [2Fe-2S] clusters can be regulated by thiols and oxidative signals. Significance: MitoNEET may act as a redox sensor to modulate mitochondrial functions. © 2014 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc..
Can Crude Oil Toxicity On Phytoplankton Be Predicted Based On Toxicity Data On Benzo(A)Pyrene And Naphthalene?, Koray Ozhan, Sibel Bargu
Can Crude Oil Toxicity On Phytoplankton Be Predicted Based On Toxicity Data On Benzo(A)Pyrene And Naphthalene?, Koray Ozhan, Sibel Bargu
Faculty Publications
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are major components of crude oil, are responsible in large part for the toxicity of crude oil to phytoplankton. This study addressed the following question. Can reliable predictions of the aquatic toxicity of crude oil, a multi-component mixture, be described from toxicity data on individual PAH compounds? Naphthalene, the most abundant PAH compound, and benzo(a)pyrene, a highly toxic PAH compound, were selected as model compounds to quantify toxicity of crude oil on two phytoplankton species, Ditylum brightwellii and Heterocapsa triquetra, by analyzing the effects of different concentrations of these PAHs on growth rate. EC50 values …
Resistant Starch From High Amylose Maize (Ham-Rs2) And Dietary Butyrate Reduce Abdominal Fat By A Different Apparent Mechanism, Kirk Vidrine, Jianping Ye, Roy J. Martin, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Anne M. Raggio, Christine Pelkman, Holiday A. Durham, June Zhou, Reshani N. Senevirathne, Cathy Williams, Frank Greenway, John Finley, Zhanguo Gao, Felicia Goldsmith, Michael J. Keenan
Resistant Starch From High Amylose Maize (Ham-Rs2) And Dietary Butyrate Reduce Abdominal Fat By A Different Apparent Mechanism, Kirk Vidrine, Jianping Ye, Roy J. Martin, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Anne M. Raggio, Christine Pelkman, Holiday A. Durham, June Zhou, Reshani N. Senevirathne, Cathy Williams, Frank Greenway, John Finley, Zhanguo Gao, Felicia Goldsmith, Michael J. Keenan
Faculty Publications
Objective Obesity is a health concern. Resistant starch (RS) type 2 from high-amylose maize (HAM-RS2) and dietary sodium butyrate (SB) reduce abdominal fat in rodents. RS treatment is associated with increased gut hormones peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), but it is not known if SB increases these hormones. Design and Methods This was investigated in a 2 × 2 rat study with HAM-RS2 (0 or 28% weight) and dietary sodium butyrate (0 and 3.2%) resulting in isocaloric treatments: energy control (EC), sodium butyrate (SB), HAM-RS2 (RS), and the combination (SBRS). Results RS and SB reduced abdominal fat …
Resistant Starch From High Amylose Maize (Ham-Rs2) And Dietary Butyrate Reduce Abdominal Fat By A Different Apparent Mechanism, Kirk Vidrine, Jianping Ye, Roy J. Martin, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Anne M. Raggio, Christine Pelkman, Holiday A. Durham, June Zhou, Reshani N. Senevirathne, Cathy Williams, Frank Greenway, John Finley, Zhanguo Gao, Felicia Goldsmith, Michael J. Keenan
Resistant Starch From High Amylose Maize (Ham-Rs2) And Dietary Butyrate Reduce Abdominal Fat By A Different Apparent Mechanism, Kirk Vidrine, Jianping Ye, Roy J. Martin, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Anne M. Raggio, Christine Pelkman, Holiday A. Durham, June Zhou, Reshani N. Senevirathne, Cathy Williams, Frank Greenway, John Finley, Zhanguo Gao, Felicia Goldsmith, Michael J. Keenan
Faculty Publications
Objective Obesity is a health concern. Resistant starch (RS) type 2 from high-amylose maize (HAM-RS2) and dietary sodium butyrate (SB) reduce abdominal fat in rodents. RS treatment is associated with increased gut hormones peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), but it is not known if SB increases these hormones. Design and Methods This was investigated in a 2 × 2 rat study with HAM-RS2 (0 or 28% weight) and dietary sodium butyrate (0 and 3.2%) resulting in isocaloric treatments: energy control (EC), sodium butyrate (SB), HAM-RS2 (RS), and the combination (SBRS). Results RS and SB reduced abdominal fat …