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Cucumis Melo Endornavirus: Genome Organization, Host Range And Co-Divergence With The Host, Sead Sabanadzovic, William M. Wintermantel, Rodrigo A. Valverde, James D. Mccreight, Nina Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic Mar 2016

Cucumis Melo Endornavirus: Genome Organization, Host Range And Co-Divergence With The Host, Sead Sabanadzovic, William M. Wintermantel, Rodrigo A. Valverde, James D. Mccreight, Nina Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic

Faculty Publications

A high molecular weight dsRNA was isolated from a Cucumis melo L. plant (referred to as 'CL01') of an unknown cultivar and completely sequenced. Sequence analyses showed that dsRNA is associated with an endornavirus for which a name Cucumis melo endornavirus (CmEV) is proposed. The genome of CmEV-CL01 consists of 15,078 nt, contains a single, 4939 codons-long ORF and terminates with a stretch of 10 cytosine residues. Comparisons of the putative CmEV-encoded polyprotein with available references in protein databases revealed a unique genome organization characterized by the presence of the following domains: viral helicase Superfamily 1 (Hel-1), three glucosyltransferases (doublet …

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Influence Of The Mississippi River On Pseudo-Nitzschia Spp. Abundance And Toxicity In Louisiana Coastal Waters, Sibel Bargu, Melissa M. Baustian, Nancy N. Rabalais, Ross Del Rio, Benjamin Von Korff, R. Eugene Turner Mar 2016

Influence Of The Mississippi River On Pseudo-Nitzschia Spp. Abundance And Toxicity In Louisiana Coastal Waters, Sibel Bargu, Melissa M. Baustian, Nancy N. Rabalais, Ross Del Rio, Benjamin Von Korff, R. Eugene Turner

Faculty Publications

The presence of domoic acid (DA) toxin from multiple species of Pseudo-nitzschia is a concern in the highly productive food webs of the northern 1,* 2,3 2 1 1,4 1 1 2 3 4 Gulf of Mexico. We documented the Pseudo-­nitzschia presence, abundance, blooms, and toxicity over 3 years along a transect ∼100 km west of the Mississippi River Delta on the continental shelf. Pseudo-nitzschia were present throughout the year and occurred in high abundances (>10 cells l ) in the early spring months during high Mississippi River (MSR) flow (∼20,000 m s ) but were most abundant ( …

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Stinging Nettle (Urtica Dioica L.) Attenuates Ffa Induced Ceramide Accumulation In 3t3- L1 Adipocytes In An Adiponectin Dependent Manner, Diana N. Obanda, Peng Zhao, Allison J. Richard, David Ribnicky, William T. Cefalu, Jacqueline M. Stephens Mar 2016

Stinging Nettle (Urtica Dioica L.) Attenuates Ffa Induced Ceramide Accumulation In 3t3- L1 Adipocytes In An Adiponectin Dependent Manner, Diana N. Obanda, Peng Zhao, Allison J. Richard, David Ribnicky, William T. Cefalu, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

©2016 Obanda et al.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Objective Excess dietary lipids result in the accumulation of lipid metabolites including ceramides that can attenuate insulin signaling. There is evidence that a botanical extract of Urtica dioica L. (stinging nettle) improves insulin action, yet the precise mechanism(s) are not known. Hence, we examined the effects of Urtica dioica L. (UT) on adipocytes. Research Design We investigated the effects of an ethanolic extract …

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Time-Dependent Neutral Stochastic Functional Differential Equations Driven By A Fractional Brownian Motion, B Boufoussi, S Hajji, E Lakhel Mar 2016

Time-Dependent Neutral Stochastic Functional Differential Equations Driven By A Fractional Brownian Motion, B Boufoussi, S Hajji, E Lakhel

Communications on Stochastic Analysis

No abstract provided.

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Mean-Field Limit Versus Small-Noise Limit For Some Interacting Particle Systems, Samuel Herrmann, Julian Tugaut Mar 2016

Mean-Field Limit Versus Small-Noise Limit For Some Interacting Particle Systems, Samuel Herrmann, Julian Tugaut

Communications on Stochastic Analysis

No abstract provided.

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Genetically Engineered Yeast Expressing A Lytic Peptide From Bee Venom (Melittin) Kills Symbiotic Protozoa In The Gut Of Formosan Subterranean Termites, Claudia Husseneder, Jennifer R. Donaldson, Lane D. Foil Mar 2016

Genetically Engineered Yeast Expressing A Lytic Peptide From Bee Venom (Melittin) Kills Symbiotic Protozoa In The Gut Of Formosan Subterranean Termites, Claudia Husseneder, Jennifer R. Donaldson, Lane D. Foil

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Husseneder et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is a costly invasive urban pest in warm and humid regions around the world. Feeding workers of the Formosan subterranean termite genetically engineered yeast strains that express synthetic protozoacidal lytic peptides has been shown to kill the cellulose digesting termite gut protozoa, which results in death of the termite colony. In this study, we …

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Efficient Dnp Nmr Of Membrane Proteins: Sample Preparation Protocols, Sensitivity, And Radical Location, Shu Y. Liao, Myungwoon Lee, Tuo Wang, Ivan V. Sergeyev, Mei Hong Mar 2016

Efficient Dnp Nmr Of Membrane Proteins: Sample Preparation Protocols, Sensitivity, And Radical Location, Shu Y. Liao, Myungwoon Lee, Tuo Wang, Ivan V. Sergeyev, Mei Hong

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. Although dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has dramatically enhanced solid-state NMR spectral sensitivities of many synthetic materials and some biological macromolecules, recent studies of membrane-protein DNP using exogenously doped paramagnetic radicals as polarizing agents have reported varied and sometimes surprisingly limited enhancement factors. This motivated us to carry out a systematic evaluation of sample preparation protocols for optimizing the sensitivity of DNP NMR spectra of membrane-bound peptides and proteins at cryogenic temperatures of Ã110 K. We show that mixing the radical with the membrane by direct titration instead of centrifugation gives a significant boost to …

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S3 State Of The O2-Evolving Complex Of Photosystem Ii: Insights From Qm/Mm, Exafs, And Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction, Mikhail Askerka, Jimin Wang, David J. Vinyard, Gary W. Brudvig, Victor S. Batista Mar 2016

S3 State Of The O2-Evolving Complex Of Photosystem Ii: Insights From Qm/Mm, Exafs, And Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction, Mikhail Askerka, Jimin Wang, David J. Vinyard, Gary W. Brudvig, Victor S. Batista

Faculty Publications

© 2016 American Chemical Society. The oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II has been studied in the S3 state by electron paramagnetic resonance, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and femtosecond X-ray diffraction (XRD). However, the actual structure of the OEC in the S3 state has yet to be established. Here, we apply hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods and propose a structural model that is consistent with EXAFS and XRD. The model supports binding of water ligands to the cluster in the S2 → S3 transition through a carousel rearrangement around Mn4, inspired by studies of ammonia binding.

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Fatty Acids Differ Significantly In Castes Of The Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Zhaorigetu Chen, Roger A. Laine Mar 2016

Fatty Acids Differ Significantly In Castes Of The Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Zhaorigetu Chen, Roger A. Laine

Faculty Publications

© The Authors 2015. Identification and quantitation of fatty acids (FAs) in nymphs, alates, workers, presoldiers, and soldiers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were determined by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry, showing quantitative and qualitative differences among groups. Total FAs content of nymphs and alate females was about 1.5-fold higher than alate males, about 2-fold higher than workers, 6-fold higher than presoldiers, and 12-fold higher than soldiers. Overall differences in total FAs content were due to oleic acid (C18:1), stearic acid (C18:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and palmitic acid (C16:0). Soldiers contained two unique FAs among the castes - …

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Plasma Biomarker Analysis In Pediatric Ards: Generating Future Framework From A Pilot Randomized Control Trial Of Methylprednisolone: A Framework For Identifying Plasma Biomarkers Related To Clinical Outcomes In Pediatric Ards, Dai Kimura, Jordy Saravia, Cynthia R. Rovnaghi, Gianfranco Umberto Meduri, Andreas Schwingshackl, Stephania A. Cormier, Kanwaljeet J. Anand Mar 2016

Plasma Biomarker Analysis In Pediatric Ards: Generating Future Framework From A Pilot Randomized Control Trial Of Methylprednisolone: A Framework For Identifying Plasma Biomarkers Related To Clinical Outcomes In Pediatric Ards, Dai Kimura, Jordy Saravia, Cynthia R. Rovnaghi, Gianfranco Umberto Meduri, Andreas Schwingshackl, Stephania A. Cormier, Kanwaljeet J. Anand

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Kimura, Saravia, Rovnaghi, Meduri, Schwingshackl, Cormier and Anand. Objective: Lung injury activates multiple pro-inflammatory pathways, including neutrophils, epithelial, and endothelial injury, and coagulation factors leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Low-dose methylprednisolone therapy (MPT) improved oxygenation and ventilation in early pediatric ARDS without altering duration of mechanical ventilation or mortality. We evaluated the effects of MPT on biomarkers of endothelial [Ang-2 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1)] or epithelial [soluble receptor for activated glycation end products (sRAGE)] injury, neutrophil activation [matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8)], and coagulation (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1). Design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Setting: Tertiary-care pediatric intensive …

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Variable Prey Development Time Suppresses Predator-Prey Cycles And Enhances Stability, James T. Cronin, John D. Reeve, Dashun Xu, Mingqing Xiao, Heidi N. Stevens Mar 2016

Variable Prey Development Time Suppresses Predator-Prey Cycles And Enhances Stability, James T. Cronin, John D. Reeve, Dashun Xu, Mingqing Xiao, Heidi N. Stevens

Faculty Publications

© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS. Although theoretical models have demonstrated that predator-prey population dynamics can depend critically on age (stage) structure and the duration and variability in development times of different life stages, experimental support for this theory is non-existent. We conducted an experiment with a host-parasitoid system to test the prediction that increased variability in the development time of the vulnerable host stage can promote interaction stability. Host-parasitoid microcosms were subjected to two treatments: Normal and High variance in the duration of the vulnerable host stage. In control and Normal-variance microcosms, hosts and parasitoids exhibited distinct population …

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Competition-Mediated Feedbacks In Experimental Multispecies Epizootics, Tad Dallas, Richard J. Hall, John M. Drake Mar 2016

Competition-Mediated Feedbacks In Experimental Multispecies Epizootics, Tad Dallas, Richard J. Hall, John M. Drake

Faculty Publications

© 2016 by the Ecological Society of America. Competition structures ecological communities and alters host-pathogen interactions. In environmentally transmitted pathogens, an infection-resistant competitor may influence infection dynamics in a susceptible species through the negative impacts of competition (e.g., by reducing host density or causing nutritional stress that increases susceptibility to infection) and/or the positive impacts of reducing transmission efficiency (e.g., by removing environmental pathogen stages). Thus, a non-susceptible competitor may enhance, reduce, or have no net effect on susceptible host density and infection prevalence. Here, we couple an epidemiological model with experimental epidemics to test how resource competition with a …

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Costs Of Resistance And Infection By A Generalist Pathogen, Tad Dallas, Mathieu Holtackers, John M. Drake Mar 2016

Costs Of Resistance And Infection By A Generalist Pathogen, Tad Dallas, Mathieu Holtackers, John M. Drake

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Pathogen infection is typically costly to hosts, resulting in reduced fitness. However, pathogen exposure may also come at a cost even if the host does not become infected. These fitness reductions, referred to as "resistance costs", are inducible physiological costs expressed as a result of a trade-off between resistance to a pathogen and aspects of host fitness (e.g., reproduction). Here, we examine resistance and infection costs of a generalist fungal pathogen (Metschnikowia bicuspidata) capable of infecting a number of host species. Costs were quantified as reductions in host lifespan, total reproduction, …

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Comparison Of Thermal Performance Equations In Describing Temperature-Dependent Developmental Rates Of Insects: (I) Empirical Models, Pei Jian Shi, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Lei Chen, Feng Ge Mar 2016

Comparison Of Thermal Performance Equations In Describing Temperature-Dependent Developmental Rates Of Insects: (I) Empirical Models, Pei Jian Shi, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Lei Chen, Feng Ge

Faculty Publications

Temperature greatly affects the developmental duration of insects at their different stages, and many mathematical models exist for describing their temperature-dependent developmental rates. It is important to choose a suitable model to predict outbreaks of pest insects under climate change. However, previous comparisons among these models were usually based on a single species. In the present study, we compared the six nonlinear models (the Briére-1, Briére-2, Lactin, Performance-2, beta, and Ratkowsky models) based on the goodness of fit and the trade-off between the model's goodness of fit and structural complexity, using 10 temperaturedependent developmental rate datasets on insects to make …

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Effect Of Temperature On Two Bio-Insecticides For The Control Of Confused Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Brian M. Thompson, Gadi V.P. Reddy Mar 2016

Effect Of Temperature On Two Bio-Insecticides For The Control Of Confused Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Brian M. Thompson, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

Stored product pests account for as much as 10% of food loss worldwide. Insects such as the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), are major pests of small grain in storage bins and grain elevators in Montana. Cold winters and dry summers have traditionally helped reduce levels of T. confusum in storage bins. However, with change in winter temperatures, this pest has become harder to manage using physical measures such as desiccation. The alternative, the chemical insecticide aluminum phosphide, is effective at controlling T. confusum in grain stores but is highly toxic to mammals, and recently …

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Gene Family Expansions In Aphids Maintained By Endosymbiotic And Nonsymbiotic Traits, Rebecca P. Duncan, Honglin Feng, Douglas M. Nguyen, Alex C.C. Wilson Mar 2016

Gene Family Expansions In Aphids Maintained By Endosymbiotic And Nonsymbiotic Traits, Rebecca P. Duncan, Honglin Feng, Douglas M. Nguyen, Alex C.C. Wilson

Faculty Publications

Facilitating the evolution of new gene functions, gene duplication is a major mechanism driving evolutionary innovation. Gene family expansions relevant to host/symbiont interactions are increasingly being discovered in eukaryotes that host endosymbiotic microbes. Such discoveries entice speculation that gene duplication facilitates the evolution of novel, endosymbiotic relationships. Here, using a comparative transcriptomic approach combined with differential gene expression analysis, we investigate the importance of endosymbiosis in retention of amino acid transporter paralogs in aphid genomes. To pinpoint the timing of amino acid transporter duplications we inferred gene phylogenies for five aphid species and three outgroups. We found that while some …

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An Extract Of Urtica Dioica L. Mitigates Obesity Induced Insulin Resistance In Mice Skeletal Muscle Via Protein Phosphatase 2a (Pp2a), Diana N. Obanda, David Ribnicky, Yongmei Yu, Jacqueline Stephens, William T. Cefalu Feb 2016

An Extract Of Urtica Dioica L. Mitigates Obesity Induced Insulin Resistance In Mice Skeletal Muscle Via Protein Phosphatase 2a (Pp2a), Diana N. Obanda, David Ribnicky, Yongmei Yu, Jacqueline Stephens, William T. Cefalu

Faculty Publications

The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. We investigated the effects of UT on obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. Body weight, body composition, plasma glucose and plasma insulin were monitored. Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). PP2A is activated by ceramides and dephosphorylates …

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Effects Of High Hydrostatic Pressure On Expression Profiles Of In Vitro Produced Vitrified Bovine Blastocysts, Zongliang Jiang, Patrick Harrington, Ming Zhang, Sadie L. Marjani, Joonghoon Park, Lynn Kuo, Csaba Pribenszky, Xiuchun Tian Feb 2016

Effects Of High Hydrostatic Pressure On Expression Profiles Of In Vitro Produced Vitrified Bovine Blastocysts, Zongliang Jiang, Patrick Harrington, Ming Zhang, Sadie L. Marjani, Joonghoon Park, Lynn Kuo, Csaba Pribenszky, Xiuchun Tian

Faculty Publications

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) has been used to pre-condition embryos before essential, yet potentially detrimental procedures such as cryopreservation. However, the mechanisms for HHP are poorly understood. We treated bovine blastocysts with three different HHP (40, 60 and 80 MPa) in combination with three recovery periods (0, 1 h, 2 h post HHP). Re-expansion rates were significantly higher at 40 and 60 but lower at 80 MPa after vitrification-warming in the treated groups than controls. Microarray analysis revealed 399 differentially expressed transcripts, representing 254 unique genes, among different groups. Gene ontology analysis indicated that HHP at 40 and 60 MPa …

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Pdid: Database Of Molecular-Level Putative Protein-Drug Interactions In The Structural Human Proteome, Chen Wang, Gang Hu, Kui Wang, Michal Brylinski, Lei Xie, Lukasz Kurgan Feb 2016

Pdid: Database Of Molecular-Level Putative Protein-Drug Interactions In The Structural Human Proteome, Chen Wang, Gang Hu, Kui Wang, Michal Brylinski, Lei Xie, Lukasz Kurgan

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Motivation: Many drugs interact with numerous proteins besides their intended therapeutic targets and a substantial portion of these interactions is yet to be elucidated. Protein-Drug Interaction Database (PDID) addresses incompleteness of these data by providing access to putative protein-drug interactions that cover the entire structural human proteome. Results: PDID covers 9652 structures from 3746 proteins and houses 16 800 putative interactions generated from close to 1.1 million accurate, all-atom structure-based predictions for several dozens of popular drugs. The predictions were generated with three modern methods: ILbind, SMAP …

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Thermoreversible And Injectable Abc Polypeptoid Hydrogels: Controlling The Hydrogel Properties Through Molecular Design, Sunting Xuan, Chang Uk Lee, Cong Chen, Andrew B. Doyle, Yueheng Zhang, Li Guo, Vijay T. John, Daniel Hayes, Donghui Zhang Feb 2016

Thermoreversible And Injectable Abc Polypeptoid Hydrogels: Controlling The Hydrogel Properties Through Molecular Design, Sunting Xuan, Chang Uk Lee, Cong Chen, Andrew B. Doyle, Yueheng Zhang, Li Guo, Vijay T. John, Daniel Hayes, Donghui Zhang

Faculty Publications

© 2015 American Chemical Society. A series of ABC triblock copolypeptoids [i.e., poly(N-allyl glycine)-b-poly(N-methyl glycine)-b-poly(N-decyl glycine) (AMD)] with well-defined structure and varying composition have been synthesized by sequential primary amine-initiated ring-opening polymerization of the corresponding N-substituted N-carboxyanhydride monomers (Al-NCA, Me-NCA, and De-NCA). The ABC block copolypeptoids undergo sol-to-gel transitions with increasing temperature in water and biological media at low concentrations (2.5-10 wt %). The sol-gel transition is rapid and fully reversible with a narrow transition window, evidenced by the rheological measurements. The gelation temperature (Tgel) and mechanical stiffness of the hydrogels are highly tunable: Tgel in the 26.2-60.0 °C range, …

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Constrained Total Energy Expenditure And Metabolic Adaptation To Physical Activity In Adult Humans, Herman Pontzer, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Lara R. Dugas, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Richard S. Cooper, Dale A. Schoeller, Amy Luke Feb 2016

Constrained Total Energy Expenditure And Metabolic Adaptation To Physical Activity In Adult Humans, Herman Pontzer, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Lara R. Dugas, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Richard S. Cooper, Dale A. Schoeller, Amy Luke

Faculty Publications

Current obesity prevention strategies recommend increasing daily physical activity, assuming that increased activity will lead to corresponding increases in total energy expenditure and prevent or reverse energy imbalance and weight gain [1-3]. Such Additive total energy expenditure models are supported by exercise intervention and accelerometry studies reporting positive correlations between physical activity and total energy expenditure [4] but are challenged by ecological studies in humans and other species showing that more active populations do not have higher total energy expenditure [5-8]. Here we tested a Constrained total energy expenditure model, in which total energy expenditure increases with physical activity at …

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Temporal Control Of Gelation And Polymerization Fronts Driven By An Autocatalytic Enzyme Reaction, Elizabeth Jee, Tamás Bánsági, Annette F. Taylor, John A. Pojman Feb 2016

Temporal Control Of Gelation And Polymerization Fronts Driven By An Autocatalytic Enzyme Reaction, Elizabeth Jee, Tamás Bánsági, Annette F. Taylor, John A. Pojman

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Chemical systems that remain kinetically dormant until activated have numerous applications in materials science. Herein we present a method for the control of gelation that exploits an inbuilt switch: the increase in pH after an induction period in the urease-catalyzed hydrolysis of urea was used to trigger the base-catalyzed Michael addition of a water-soluble trithiol to a polyethylene glycol diacrylate. The time to gelation (minutes to hours) was either preset through the initial concentrations or the reaction was initiated locally by a base, thus resulting in polymerization fronts …

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Single Fluorescence Probes Along The Reactive Center Loop Reveal Site-Specific Changes During The Latency Transition Of Pai-1, Tihami Qureshi, Cynthia B. Peterson Feb 2016

Single Fluorescence Probes Along The Reactive Center Loop Reveal Site-Specific Changes During The Latency Transition Of Pai-1, Tihami Qureshi, Cynthia B. Peterson

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Protein Society The serine protease inhibitor (serpin), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), is an important biomarker for cardiovascular disease and many cancers. It is therefore a desirable target for pharmaceutical intervention. However, to date, no PAI-1 inhibitor has successfully reached clinical trial, indicating the necessity to learn more about the mechanics of the serpin. Although its kinetics of inhibition have been extensively studied, less is known about the latency transition of PAI-1, in which the solvent-exposed reactive center loop (RCL) inserts into its central β-sheet, rendering the inhibitor inactive. This spontaneous transition is concomitant with a large translocation …

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Does Corticosterone Regulate The Onset Of Breeding In Free-Living Birds?: The Cort-Flexibility Hypothesis And Six Potential Mechanisms For Priming Corticosteroid Function, Christine R. Lattin, Creagh W. Breuner, L. Michael Romero Feb 2016

Does Corticosterone Regulate The Onset Of Breeding In Free-Living Birds?: The Cort-Flexibility Hypothesis And Six Potential Mechanisms For Priming Corticosteroid Function, Christine R. Lattin, Creagh W. Breuner, L. Michael Romero

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc. For many avian species, the decision to initiate breeding is based on information from a variety of environmental cues, including photoperiod, temperature, food availability, and social interactions. There is evidence that the hormone corticosterone may be involved in delaying the onset of breeding in cases where supplemental cues, such as low food availability and inclement weather, indicate that the environment is not suitable. However, not all studies have found the expected relationships between breeding delays and corticosterone titers. In this review, we present the hypothesis that corticosterone physiology mediates flexibility in breeding initiation (the …

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Distinct Encounter Complexes Of Pai-1 With Plasminogen Activators And Vitronectin Revealed By Changes In The Conformation And Dynamics Of The Reactive Center Loop, Tihami Qureshi, Sumit Goswami, Carlee S. Mcclintock, Matthew T. Ramsey, Cynthia B. Peterson Feb 2016

Distinct Encounter Complexes Of Pai-1 With Plasminogen Activators And Vitronectin Revealed By Changes In The Conformation And Dynamics Of The Reactive Center Loop, Tihami Qureshi, Sumit Goswami, Carlee S. Mcclintock, Matthew T. Ramsey, Cynthia B. Peterson

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Protein Society Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a biologically important serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that, when overexpressed, is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular disease and cancer metastasis. Several of its ligands, including vitronectin, tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (tPA, uPA), affect the fate of PAI-1. Here, we measured changes in the solvent accessibility and dynamics of an important unresolved functional region, the reactive center loop (RCL), upon binding of these ligands. Binding of the catalytically inactive S195A variant of tPA to the RCL causes an increase in fluorescence, indicating greater solvent protection, at its C-terminus, …

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Mathematical Model Of The Firefly Luciferase Complementation Assay Reveals A Non-Linear Relationship Between The Detected Luminescence And The Affinity Of The Protein Pair Being Analyzed, Renee Dale, Yuki Ohmuro-Matsuyama, Hiroshi Ueda, Naohiro Kato Feb 2016

Mathematical Model Of The Firefly Luciferase Complementation Assay Reveals A Non-Linear Relationship Between The Detected Luminescence And The Affinity Of The Protein Pair Being Analyzed, Renee Dale, Yuki Ohmuro-Matsuyama, Hiroshi Ueda, Naohiro Kato

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Dale et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The firefly luciferase complementation assay is widely used as a bioluminescent reporter technology to detect protein-protein interactions in vitro, in cellulo, and in vivo. Upon the interaction of a protein pair, complemented firefly luciferase emits light through the adenylation and oxidation of its substrate, luciferin. Although it has been suggested that kinetics of light production in the firefly luciferase complementation assay …

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Dna Methylation Variation Of Human-Specific Alu Repeats, Mark A. Batzer, Arundhati Bakshi, Scott W. Herke, Joomyeong J. Kim Feb 2016

Dna Methylation Variation Of Human-Specific Alu Repeats, Mark A. Batzer, Arundhati Bakshi, Scott W. Herke, Joomyeong J. Kim

Faculty Publications

DNA methylation is the major repression mechanism for human retrotransposons, such as the Alu family. Here, we have determined the methylation levels associated with 5238 loci belonging to 2 Alu subfamilies, AluYa5 and AluYb8, using high-throughput targeted repeat element bisulfite sequencing (HT-TREBS). The results indicate that »90% of loci are repressed by high methylation levels. Of the remaining loci, many of the hypomethylated elements are found near gene promoters and show high levels of DNA methylation variation. We have characterized this variation in the context of tumorigenesis and interindividual differences. Comparison of a primary breast tumor and its matched normal …

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Dna Methylation Variation Of Human-Specific Alu Repeats, Arundhati Bakshi, Scott W. Herke, Mark A. Batzer, Joomyeong Kim Feb 2016

Dna Methylation Variation Of Human-Specific Alu Repeats, Arundhati Bakshi, Scott W. Herke, Mark A. Batzer, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. ABSTRACT: DNA methylation is the major repression mechanism for human retrotransposons, such as the Alu family. Here, we have determined the methylation levels associated with 5238 loci belonging to 2 Alu subfamilies, AluYa5 and AluYb8, using high-throughput targeted repeat element bisulfite sequencing (HT-TREBS). The results indicate that ∼90% of loci are repressed by high methylation levels. Of the remaining loci, many of the hypomethylated elements are found near gene promoters and show high levels of DNA methylation variation. We have characterized this variation in the context of tumorigenesis and interindividual differences. Comparison of …

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Msh1 Is A Plant Organellar Dna Binding And Thylakoid Protein Under Precise Spatial Regulation To Alter Development, Kamaldeep S S. Virdi, Yashitola Wamboldt, Hardik Kundariya, John D D. Laurie, Ido Keren, K. R. Sunil Kumar, Anna Block, Gilles Basset, Steve Luebker, Christian Elowsky, Philip M M. Day, Johnna L L. Roose, Terry M M. Bricker, Thomas Elthon, Sally A A. Mackenzie Feb 2016

Msh1 Is A Plant Organellar Dna Binding And Thylakoid Protein Under Precise Spatial Regulation To Alter Development, Kamaldeep S S. Virdi, Yashitola Wamboldt, Hardik Kundariya, John D D. Laurie, Ido Keren, K. R. Sunil Kumar, Anna Block, Gilles Basset, Steve Luebker, Christian Elowsky, Philip M M. Day, Johnna L L. Roose, Terry M M. Bricker, Thomas Elthon, Sally A A. Mackenzie

Faculty Publications

© 2016 The Authors As metabolic centers, plant organelles participate in maintenance, defense, and signaling. MSH1 is a plant-specific protein involved in organellar genome stability in mitochondria and plastids. Plastid depletion of MSH1 causes heritable, non-genetic changes in development and DNA methylation. We investigated the msh1 phenotype using hemi-complementation mutants and transgene-null segregants from RNAi suppression lines to sub-compartmentalize MSH1 effects. We show that MSH1 expression is spatially regulated, specifically localizing to plastids within the epidermis and vascular parenchyma. The protein binds DNA and localizes to plastid and mitochondrial nucleoids, but fractionation and protein–protein interactions data indicate that MSH1 also …

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An Adenovirus-Derived Protein: A Novel Candidate For Anti-Diabetic Drug Development, Vijay Hegde, Ha Na Na, Olga Dubuisson, Susan J. Burke, J. Jason Collier, David Burk, Tamra Mendoza, Nikhil V. Dhurandhar Feb 2016

An Adenovirus-Derived Protein: A Novel Candidate For Anti-Diabetic Drug Development, Vijay Hegde, Ha Na Na, Olga Dubuisson, Susan J. Burke, J. Jason Collier, David Burk, Tamra Mendoza, Nikhil V. Dhurandhar

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). Aims Exposure to human adenovirus Ad36 is causatively and correlatively linked with better glycemic control in animals and humans, respectively. Although the anti-hyperglycemic property of Ad36 may offer some therapeutic potential, it is impractical to use an infectious agent for therapeutic benefit. Cell-based studies identified that Ad36 enhances cellular glucose disposal via its E4orf1 protein. Ability to improve glycemic control in vivo is a critical prerequisite for further investigating the therapeutic potential of E4orf1. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the ability of E4orf1 …

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