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Effects Of Ketone Bodies On Energy Expenditure, Substrate Utilization, And Energy Intake In Humans, Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo, Jacob T. Mey, Eric Ravussin Jan 2023

Effects Of Ketone Bodies On Energy Expenditure, Substrate Utilization, And Energy Intake In Humans, Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo, Jacob T. Mey, Eric Ravussin

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

The potential of ketogenic approaches to regulate energy balance has recently gained attention since ketones may influence both energy expenditure and energy intake. In this narrative review, we summarized the most relevant evidence about the role of ketosis on energy expenditure, substrate utilization, and energy intake in humans. We considered different strategies to induce ketosis, such as fasting, dietary manipulation, and exogenous ketone sources. In general, ketosis does not have a major influence on energy expenditure but promotes a shift in substrate utilization towards ketone body oxidation. The strategies to induce ketosis by reduction of dietary carbohydrate availability (e.g., ketogenic …

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Redox Regulation In Diabetic Kidney Disease, Ilse S. Daehn, Ubong S. Ekperikpe, Krisztian Stadler Jan 2023

Redox Regulation In Diabetic Kidney Disease, Ilse S. Daehn, Ubong S. Ekperikpe, Krisztian Stadler

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus, where currently there is no cure available. Several important mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of this complication, with oxidative stress being one of the key factors. The past decades have seen a large number of publications with various aspects of this topic; however, the specific details of redox regulation in DKD are still unclear. This is partly because redox biology is very complex, coupled with a complex and heterogeneous organ with numerous cell types. Furthermore, often times terms such as “oxidative stress” or reactive oxygen species …

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Acute Stressors Do Not Impair Short-Term Memory Or Attention In An Aged Mouse Model Of Amyloidosis, Giuliana M. Dimarco, Breanna N. Harris, Alena V. Savonenko, Paul L. Soto Jan 2023

Acute Stressors Do Not Impair Short-Term Memory Or Attention In An Aged Mouse Model Of Amyloidosis, Giuliana M. Dimarco, Breanna N. Harris, Alena V. Savonenko, Paul L. Soto

Faculty Publications

Memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease patients is thought to be associated with the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides and tau proteins. However, inconsistent reports of cognitive deficits in pre-clinical studies have raised questions about the link between amyloid-beta and cognitive decline. One possible explanation may be that studies reporting memory deficits often involve behavioral assessments that entail a high stress component. In contrast, in tasks without a high stress component transgenic mice do not consistently show declines in memory. The glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis of aging and the vicious cycle of stress framework suggest that stress exacerbates dementia progression by initiating a …

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Guest Editor’S Introduction: The Need For A Broader, More Inclusive Approach To Child And Adolescent Suicide Prevention, Ryan M. Hill Jan 2023

Guest Editor’S Introduction: The Need For A Broader, More Inclusive Approach To Child And Adolescent Suicide Prevention, Ryan M. Hill

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Suicidal Ideation Or Behaviors On Depression, Anxiety, And Hopelessness In Individuals With Suicidal Ideation: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Individual Participant Data, Lasse B. Sander, Marie Beisemann, Philipp Doebler, Hannah Moon Micklitz, Ad Kerkhof, Pim Cuijpers, Philip Batterham, Alison Calear, Helen Christensen, Eva De Jaegere, Matthias Domhardt, Annette Erlangsen, Ozlem Eylem-Van Bergeijk, Ryan Hill, Charlotte Mühlmann, Marie Österle, Jeremy Pettit, Gwendolyn Portzky, Lena Steubl, Bregje Van Spijker, Joseph Tighe, Aliza Werner-Seidler, Rebekka Büscher Jan 2023

The Effects Of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Suicidal Ideation Or Behaviors On Depression, Anxiety, And Hopelessness In Individuals With Suicidal Ideation: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Individual Participant Data, Lasse B. Sander, Marie Beisemann, Philipp Doebler, Hannah Moon Micklitz, Ad Kerkhof, Pim Cuijpers, Philip Batterham, Alison Calear, Helen Christensen, Eva De Jaegere, Matthias Domhardt, Annette Erlangsen, Ozlem Eylem-Van Bergeijk, Ryan Hill, Charlotte Mühlmann, Marie Österle, Jeremy Pettit, Gwendolyn Portzky, Lena Steubl, Bregje Van Spijker, Joseph Tighe, Aliza Werner-Seidler, Rebekka Büscher

Faculty Publications

Background: Suicide is a global public health problem. Digital interventions are considered a low-threshold treatment option for people with suicidal ideation or behaviors. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) targeting suicidal ideation has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing suicidal ideation. However, suicidal ideation often is related to additional mental health problems, which should be addressed for optimal care. Yet, the effects of iCBT on related symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, and hopelessness, remain unclear. Objective: We aimed to analyze whether digital interventions targeting suicidal ideation had an effect on related mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, and hopelessness). Methods: We systematically searched CENTRAL, …

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Naringenin And Β-Carotene Convert Human White Adipocytes To A Beige Phenotype And Elevate Hormone- Stimulated Lipolysis, Ann A. Coulter, Frank L. Greenway, Dachuan Zhang, Sujoy Ghosh, Cathryn R. Coulter, Sarah L. James, Yanlin He, Luke A. Cusimano, Candida J. Rebello Jan 2023

Naringenin And Β-Carotene Convert Human White Adipocytes To A Beige Phenotype And Elevate Hormone- Stimulated Lipolysis, Ann A. Coulter, Frank L. Greenway, Dachuan Zhang, Sujoy Ghosh, Cathryn R. Coulter, Sarah L. James, Yanlin He, Luke A. Cusimano, Candida J. Rebello

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: Naringenin, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activator found in citrus fruits, upregulates markers of thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity in human adipose tissue. Our pharmacokinetics clinical trial demonstrated that naringenin is safe and bioavailable, and our case report showed that naringenin causes weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoic-X-receptors (RXRs) at promoter elements of target genes. Retinoic acid is an RXR ligand metabolized from dietary carotenoids. The carotenoid β-carotene reduces adiposity and insulin resistance in clinical trials. Our goal was to examine if carotenoids strengthen the beneficial effects of naringenin on human adipocyte metabolism. Methods: Human …

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Betacoronaviruses Sars-Cov-2 And Hcov-Oc43 Infections In Igrov-1 Cell Line Require Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, Meisam Yousefi, Wai Suet Lee, Wharton O.Y. Chan, Wei He, Marcus G. Mah, Cythia Lingli Yong, Joshua M. Deerain, Lijin Wang, Camille Arcinas, Biaoguo Yan, Dewei Tan, Wan Rong Sia, Akshamal M. Gamage, Jinxuan Yang, Alan Chen Yu Hsu, Shang Li, Martin Linster, Xinglou Yang, Sujoy Ghosh, Danielle E. Anderson, Gavin J.D. Smith, Chee Wah Tan, Lin Fa Wang, Yaw Shin Ooi Jan 2023

Betacoronaviruses Sars-Cov-2 And Hcov-Oc43 Infections In Igrov-1 Cell Line Require Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, Meisam Yousefi, Wai Suet Lee, Wharton O.Y. Chan, Wei He, Marcus G. Mah, Cythia Lingli Yong, Joshua M. Deerain, Lijin Wang, Camille Arcinas, Biaoguo Yan, Dewei Tan, Wan Rong Sia, Akshamal M. Gamage, Jinxuan Yang, Alan Chen Yu Hsu, Shang Li, Martin Linster, Xinglou Yang, Sujoy Ghosh, Danielle E. Anderson, Gavin J.D. Smith, Chee Wah Tan, Lin Fa Wang, Yaw Shin Ooi

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

The emergence of novel betacoronaviruses has posed significant financial and human health burdens, necessitating the development of appropriate tools to combat future outbreaks. In this study, we have characterized a human cell line, IGROV-1, as a robust tool to detect, propagate, and titrate betacoronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43. IGROV-1 cells can be used for serological assays, antiviral drug testing, and isolating SARS-CoV-2 variants from patient samples. Using time-course transcriptomics, we confirmed that IGROV-1 cells exhibit a robust innate immune response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, recapitulating the response previously observed in primary human nasal epithelial cells. We performed genome-wide CRISPR knockout genetic screens …

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Effects Of Episodic Food Insecurity On Psychological And Physiological Responses In African American Women With Obesity (Responses): Protocol For A Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study, Candice A. Myers, Robbie A. Beyl, Daniel S. Hsia, Melissa N. Harris, Isabella J. Reed, Danielle D. Eliser, Lauren Bagneris, John W. Apolzan Jan 2023

Effects Of Episodic Food Insecurity On Psychological And Physiological Responses In African American Women With Obesity (Responses): Protocol For A Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study, Candice A. Myers, Robbie A. Beyl, Daniel S. Hsia, Melissa N. Harris, Isabella J. Reed, Danielle D. Eliser, Lauren Bagneris, John W. Apolzan

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Food insecurity is a risk factor for multiple chronic diseases, including obesity. Importantly, both food insecurity and obesity are more prevalent in African American women than in other groups. Furthermore, food insecurity is considered a cyclic phenomenon, with episodes of food adequacy (ie, enough food to eat) and food shortage (ie, not enough food to eat). More research is needed to better understand why food insecurity is linked to obesity, including acknowledging the episodic nature of food insecurity as a stressor and identifying underlying mechanisms. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the episodic nature of food …

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Dietary Sugars And Ncds: Burden, Epidemiology, And Priority Interventions, Pascal Bovet, Nick Banatvala, Eric Ravussin, Leo Nederveen Jan 2023

Dietary Sugars And Ncds: Burden, Epidemiology, And Priority Interventions, Pascal Bovet, Nick Banatvala, Eric Ravussin, Leo Nederveen

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

A high dietary intake of free sugars, and particularly sugar-sweetened beverages, is an important cause of cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes and tooth decay. The WHO recommends that free sugars contribute < 10% of the total energy intake (< 30-40 g or < 120-160 calories per day for an adult, approximately) throughout the life course, and ideally < 5%. This chapter describes the definitions of sugars and sugar drinks, the sources of sugar in the diet, the physiologic characteristics of sugar in relation to health outcomes, as well as natural or artificial no-calorie sweeteners. Public health interventions to reduce dietary sugar intake in the whole population are presented, including education programmes, public procurement policies, front-of-pack labelling, measures to reduce the marketing of sugary drinks and foods, reformulation of sugar products to reduce their sugar content, the importance of a high excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages and monitoring.

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Editorial: Stress-Induced Weight Changes, Hassan M. Heshmati, Livio Luzi, Frank L. Greenway, Candida J. Rebello Jan 2023

Editorial: Stress-Induced Weight Changes, Hassan M. Heshmati, Livio Luzi, Frank L. Greenway, Candida J. Rebello

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Adipose Tissue Expansion In Obesity, Health, And Disease, Ursula White Jan 2023

Adipose Tissue Expansion In Obesity, Health, And Disease, Ursula White

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

White adipose tissue (WAT) expands under physiological conditions via an increase in adipocyte size (hypertrophy) and/or number (hyperplasia; adipogenesis), and the ability of WAT to expand to accommodate energy demands is a significant determinant of metabolic health status. Obesity is associated with impaired WAT expansion and remodeling, which results in the deposition of lipids to other non-adipose organs, leading to metabolic derangements. Although increased hyperplasia has been implicated as a cornerstone in promoting healthy WAT expansion, recent developments suggest that the role of adipogenesis as a contributing factor in the transition from impaired subcutaneous WAT expansion to impaired metabolic health …

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Boost Your Brain: A Simple 100% Normobaric Oxygen Treatment Improves Human Motor Learning Processes, Zheng Wang, Guillaume Spielmann, Neil Johannsen, Frank Greenway, Brian A. Irving, Marc Dalecki Jan 2023

Boost Your Brain: A Simple 100% Normobaric Oxygen Treatment Improves Human Motor Learning Processes, Zheng Wang, Guillaume Spielmann, Neil Johannsen, Frank Greenway, Brian A. Irving, Marc Dalecki

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Introduction: Human motor learning processes are a fundamental part of our daily lives and can be adversely affected by neurologic conditions. Motor learning largely depends on successfully integrating cognitive and motor-related sensory information, and a simple, easily accessible treatment that could enhance such processes would be exciting and clinically impactful. Normobaric 100% oxygen treatment (NbOxTr) is often used as a first-line intervention to improve survival rates of brain cells in neurological trauma, and recent work indicates that improvements in elements crucial for cognitive-motor-related functions can occur during NbOxTr. However, whether NbOxTr can enhance the motor learning processes of healthy human …

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Horizon Scanning For Potentially Invasive Non-Native Marine Species To Inform Trans-Boundary Conservation Management – Example Of The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Kathryn A. O’Shaughnessy, Lorenzo Vilizzi, Wesley Daniel, Monica E. Mcgarrity, Hanna Bauer, Leslie Hartman, Stephen Geiger, Paul Sammarco, Steve Kolian, Scott Porter, Jessica Dutton, Matthew R. Mcclure, Michael Norberg, Alex Fogg, Timothy J. Lyons, Justin Procopio, Lauren Bantista, Wayne Bennett, Mary Wicksten, David Reeves, Julie Lively, Elizabeth Robinson, Jorge Brenner, Joseph Goy, Ashley Morgan-Olvera, Anna L.E. Yunnie, Gordon H. Copp Jan 2023

Horizon Scanning For Potentially Invasive Non-Native Marine Species To Inform Trans-Boundary Conservation Management – Example Of The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Kathryn A. O’Shaughnessy, Lorenzo Vilizzi, Wesley Daniel, Monica E. Mcgarrity, Hanna Bauer, Leslie Hartman, Stephen Geiger, Paul Sammarco, Steve Kolian, Scott Porter, Jessica Dutton, Matthew R. Mcclure, Michael Norberg, Alex Fogg, Timothy J. Lyons, Justin Procopio, Lauren Bantista, Wayne Bennett, Mary Wicksten, David Reeves, Julie Lively, Elizabeth Robinson, Jorge Brenner, Joseph Goy, Ashley Morgan-Olvera, Anna L.E. Yunnie, Gordon H. Copp

Faculty Publications

Prevention of non-native species introductions and establishment is essential to avoid adverse impacts of invasive species in marine environments. To identify potential new invasive species and inform non-native species management options for the northern Gulf of Mexico (Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas), 138 marine species were risk screened for current and future climate conditions using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. Species were risk-ranked as low, medium, high, and very high risk based on separate (calibrated) thresholds for fishes, tunicates, and inverte-brates. In the basic screening, 15 fishes, two tunicates, and 26 invertebrates were classified as high or very high risk …

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Mapping High Marsh And Salt Pannes/Flats Along The Northern Gulf Of Mexico Coast, Nicholas M. Enwright, Wyatt C. Cheney, Kristine O. Evans, Hana R. Thurman, Mark S. Woodrey, Auriel M.V. Fournier, Jena A. Moon, Heather E. Levy, James A. Cox, Peter J. Kappes, John A. Nyman, Jonathan L. Pitchford Jan 2023

Mapping High Marsh And Salt Pannes/Flats Along The Northern Gulf Of Mexico Coast, Nicholas M. Enwright, Wyatt C. Cheney, Kristine O. Evans, Hana R. Thurman, Mark S. Woodrey, Auriel M.V. Fournier, Jena A. Moon, Heather E. Levy, James A. Cox, Peter J. Kappes, John A. Nyman, Jonathan L. Pitchford

Faculty Publications

Coastal wetlands are predicted to undergo extensive transformation due to climate and land use change. Baseline maps of coastal wetlands can be used to help assess changes. Found in the upper portion of the estuarine zone, high marsh and salt pannes/flats provide ecosystem goods and services and are particularly important to fish and wildlife. We developed the first map of high marsh and salt pannes/flats along the northern Gulf of Mexico using regional models that included spectral indices related to greenness and wetness from optical satellite imagery, elevation data, irregularly flooded wetland probability information, and synthetic aperture radar backscatter. We …

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Association Between Sleep, Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, And Adiposity In Adolescents: A Prospective Observational Study, Chelsea L. Kracht, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Catherine M. Champagne, Stephanie T. Broyles, Daniel S. Hsia, Robert L. Newton, Amanda E. Staiano Jan 2023

Association Between Sleep, Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, And Adiposity In Adolescents: A Prospective Observational Study, Chelsea L. Kracht, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Catherine M. Champagne, Stephanie T. Broyles, Daniel S. Hsia, Robert L. Newton, Amanda E. Staiano

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Purpose This study aimed to examine the effects of substituting sedentary time with sleep or physical activity on adiposity in a longitudinal sample of adolescents. Methods Adolescents (10-16 yr) were recruited for a prospective observational cohort. Parents and adolescents reported demographic characteristics and pubertal development. Accelerometry was used to measure sleep, physical activity, and sedentary time. Adiposity was quantified with imaging techniques. Isotemporal substitution modeling was conducted to examine the effect of substituting 10 min of sedentary time with sleep or differing intensities of physical activity. Results were stratified by sex and race and adjusted for covariates. Results A total …

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Obesity: A Disease Of Overnutrition, George A. Bray, Catherine M. Champagne Jan 2023

Obesity: A Disease Of Overnutrition, George A. Bray, Catherine M. Champagne

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Obesity is a serious worldwide problem that is increasing in prevalence. Obesity results from increased energy intake from food exceeding what is needed for daily energy expenditure over a considerable period of time. Obesity predicts the risk for many diseases, including diabetes, liver and gall bladder disease, infectious diseases such as SARSCov-19, and heart disease, among others. Treatments for obesity include diet, exercise, behavioral therapy, medications, and surgery.

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The Vegetarian/Flexitarian Diet, Derek C. Miketinas, Catherine M. Champagne Jan 2023

The Vegetarian/Flexitarian Diet, Derek C. Miketinas, Catherine M. Champagne

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Vegetarian diets are gaining popularity in the United States, although only a small fraction of the adult population follows some version of a vegetarian diet. Plant-based diets are heterogeneous in practice. Well-planned vegetarian and flexitarian diets can be healthy and reduce the risk of many chronic diseases. Unstructured vegetarian diets can be deficient in some nutrients like protein, omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and vitamin D.

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Reflecting On Human Resource Development International’S Growth And Impact At Its 25th Year Juncture, Rajashi Ghosh, Stefanos Nachmias, David Mcguire, Ague Mae Manongsong, Alene O’Malley Jan 2023

Reflecting On Human Resource Development International’S Growth And Impact At Its 25th Year Juncture, Rajashi Ghosh, Stefanos Nachmias, David Mcguire, Ague Mae Manongsong, Alene O’Malley

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Expanding Our Understanding Of The Global Impact Of Physical Inactivity, Peter T. Katzmarzyk Jan 2023

Expanding Our Understanding Of The Global Impact Of Physical Inactivity, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Profile Of Leisure-Time Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior In Adults In Brazil: A Nationwide Survey, 2019, Arão Belitardo De Oliveira, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Wagner Silva Dantas, Isabela Judith Martins Benseñor, Alessandra De Carvalho Goulart, Ulf Ekelund Jan 2023

Profile Of Leisure-Time Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior In Adults In Brazil: A Nationwide Survey, 2019, Arão Belitardo De Oliveira, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Wagner Silva Dantas, Isabela Judith Martins Benseñor, Alessandra De Carvalho Goulart, Ulf Ekelund

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults in Brazil. Methods: this was a cross-sectional, population-based study carried out in a sample of 88,531 Brazilians, using data f rom the 2019 National Health Survey; leisure-time physical activity (overall and aerobic exercise) was measured according to the World Health Organization guidelines; the weighted prevalence and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of physical activity, physical inactivity and sedentary behavior were estimated. Results: according to the selected sample, 26.4% (95%CI 25.9;27.1) of Brazilian adults were physically active, 14.0% (95%CI 13.5;14.4) were insufficiently physically active and 59.5% (95%CI …

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Core Issues, Case Studies, And The Need For Expanded Legacy African American Genomics, Fatimah Jackson, Carter Clinton, Jennifer Caldwell Jan 2023

Core Issues, Case Studies, And The Need For Expanded Legacy African American Genomics, Fatimah Jackson, Carter Clinton, Jennifer Caldwell

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: Genomic studies of Legacy African Americans have a tangled and convoluted history in western science. In this review paper, core issues affecting African American genomic studies are addressed and two case studies, the New York African Burial Ground and the Gullah Geechee peoples, are presented to highlight the current status of genomic research among Africa Americans. Methods: To investigate our target population’s core issues, a metadatabase derived from 22 publicly accessible databases were reviewed, evaluated, and synthesized to identify the core bioethical issues prevalent during the centuries of the African American presence in North America. The sequence of metadatabase …

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Identification Of Oral Therapeutics Using An Ai Platform Against The Virus Responsible For Covid-19, Sars-Cov-2, Adam Bess, Frej Berglind, Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Michal Brylinski, Chris Alvin, Fanan Fattah, Kishor M. Wasan Jan 2023

Identification Of Oral Therapeutics Using An Ai Platform Against The Virus Responsible For Covid-19, Sars-Cov-2, Adam Bess, Frej Berglind, Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Michal Brylinski, Chris Alvin, Fanan Fattah, Kishor M. Wasan

Faculty Publications

Purpose: This study introduces a sophisticated computational pipeline, eVir, designed for the discovery of antiviral drugs based on their interactions within the human protein network. There is a pressing need for cost-effective therapeutics for infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19), particularly in resource-limited countries. Therefore, our team devised an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system to explore repurposing opportunities for currently used oral therapies. The eVir system operates by identifying pharmaceutical compounds that mirror the effects of antiviral peptides (AVPs)—fragments of human proteins known to interfere with fundamental phases of the viral life cycle: entry, fusion, and replication. eVir extrapolates the probable antiviral efficacy …

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Understanding Barriers And Facilitators To Physical Activity Engagement To Inform A Precision Prescription Approach During Pregnancy, Joshua R. Sparks, Emily W. Flanagan, Maryam Kebbe, Leanne M. Redman Jan 2023

Understanding Barriers And Facilitators To Physical Activity Engagement To Inform A Precision Prescription Approach During Pregnancy, Joshua R. Sparks, Emily W. Flanagan, Maryam Kebbe, Leanne M. Redman

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Physical activity during pregnancy is an important health behavior. However, many pregnant individuals are provided with little-to-no guidance to adequately engage in physical activity. The purpose of this quantitative and quasi-qualitative study of currently or previously pregnant women was to examine physical activity behaviors in pregnancy and understand barriers and facilitators to achieving physical activity recommendations. Overall, 431 women (18+ years), White/Caucasian (84.5%), married (84.9%), and currently pregnant (66.6%), completed an online survey study. Most women (69.4%) reported engaging in cardio-based physical activity and willing to engage in physical activity to meet guidelines between 2 and 5 days per week …

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Editorial: Neonatal Host Immune Responses To Pulmonary Infections, Kerry M. Empey, Elizabeth D. Fixman, Stephania Cormier, Jay K. Kolls, Giovanni Piedimonte Jan 2023

Editorial: Neonatal Host Immune Responses To Pulmonary Infections, Kerry M. Empey, Elizabeth D. Fixman, Stephania Cormier, Jay K. Kolls, Giovanni Piedimonte

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Race And Sex Differences In The Association Between Lifespan Glycemic Status And Midlife Cognitive Function: The Bogalusa Heart Study, Kathryn L. Gwizdala, Lydia A. Bazzano, Robert L. Newton, Owen T. Carmichael Jan 2023

Race And Sex Differences In The Association Between Lifespan Glycemic Status And Midlife Cognitive Function: The Bogalusa Heart Study, Kathryn L. Gwizdala, Lydia A. Bazzano, Robert L. Newton, Owen T. Carmichael

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Introduction: Glycemic markers throughout life are associated with increased risk of midlife cognitive decline, yet it is unclear whether these associations differ by race and sex. Methods: This study used cross-sectional analysis of prospectively maintained cohort. 1,295 participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study, a biracial epidemiological cohort located in a micropolitan area core setting, provided fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and glucose (FPG) biannually from 1973 to 2016. Memory, executive function (EF), attention, working memory (WM), and global cognition (GC), collected 2013–2016. Glycemic markers (i.e., FPG, FPI, and HOMA-IR) averaged within lifespan epochs (≤ 20 years, childhood/adolescence (C/A); 21–40 years, early …

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Multi-Shell Dmri Estimation From Single-Shell Data Via Deep Learning, Reagan Dugan, Owen Carmichael Jan 2023

Multi-Shell Dmri Estimation From Single-Shell Data Via Deep Learning, Reagan Dugan, Owen Carmichael

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data acquired with multiple diffusion gradient directions and multiple b-values (“multi-shell” data) enables compartmental modeling of brain tissues as well as enhanced estimation of white matter fiber orientations via the orientation distribution function (ODF). However, multi-shell dMRI acquisitions are time consuming, expensive and difficult in certain clinical populations. We present a method to estimate high b-value volumes from low b-value volumes via deep learning. A 3-dimensional U-NET architecture is trained from multi-shell dMRI training data to synthesize a high b-value volume from a diffusion gradient direction, given a low b-value volume from that same gradient …

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Midlife Neuropsychological Profiles And Associated Vascular Risk: The Bogalusa Heart Study, Ileana De Anda-Duran, Vijaya B. Kolachalama, Owen T. Carmichael, Phillip H. Hwang, Camilo Fernandez, Rhoda Au, Lydia A. Bazzano, David J. Libon Jan 2023

Midlife Neuropsychological Profiles And Associated Vascular Risk: The Bogalusa Heart Study, Ileana De Anda-Duran, Vijaya B. Kolachalama, Owen T. Carmichael, Phillip H. Hwang, Camilo Fernandez, Rhoda Au, Lydia A. Bazzano, David J. Libon

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) often present with coexisting vascular pathology that is expressed to different degrees and can lead to clinical heterogeneity. Objective: To examine the utility of unsupervised statistical clustering approaches in identifying neuropsychological (NP) test performance subtypes that closely correlate with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in midlife. Methods: A hierarchical agglomerative and k-means clustering analysis based on NP scores (standardized for age, sex, and race) was conducted among 1,203 participants (age 48±5.3 years) from the Bogalusa Heart Study. Regression models assessed the association between cIMT ≥50th percentile and NP profiles, and global cognitive score (GCS) tertiles …

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A Data-Driven Examination Of Apathy And Depressive Symptoms In Dementia With Independent Replication, Miguel Vasconcelos Da Silva, Gerardo Javier Melendez-Torres, Zahinoor Ismail, Ingelin Testad, Clive Ballard, Byron Creese, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Enchi Liu, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Gus Jiminez, Danielle Harvey, Matthew Bernstein, Nick Fox, Paul Thompson, Norbert Schuff, Charles Decarli, Bret Borowski Jan 2023

A Data-Driven Examination Of Apathy And Depressive Symptoms In Dementia With Independent Replication, Miguel Vasconcelos Da Silva, Gerardo Javier Melendez-Torres, Zahinoor Ismail, Ingelin Testad, Clive Ballard, Byron Creese, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Enchi Liu, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Gus Jiminez, Danielle Harvey, Matthew Bernstein, Nick Fox, Paul Thompson, Norbert Schuff, Charles Decarli, Bret Borowski

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Apathy is one of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Research that helps define the apathy phenotype is urgently needed, particularly for clinical and biomarker studies. We used latent class analysis (LCA) with two independent cohorts to understand how apathy and depression symptoms co-occur statistically. We further explored the relationship between latent class membership, demographics, and the presence of other NPS. The LCA identified a four-class solution (no symptoms, apathy, depression, and combined apathy/depression), reproducible over both cohorts, providing robust support for an apathy syndrome distinct from depression and confirming that an apathy/depression …

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Brain Effective Connectivity And Functional Connectivity As Markers Of Lifespan Vascular Exposures In Middle-Aged Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study, Kai Cheng Chuang, Sreekrishna Ramakrishnapillai, Kaitlyn Madden, Julia St Amant, Kevin Mcklveen, Kathryn Gwizdala, Ramasudhakar Dhullipudi, Lydia Bazzano, Owen Carmichael Jan 2023

Brain Effective Connectivity And Functional Connectivity As Markers Of Lifespan Vascular Exposures In Middle-Aged Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study, Kai Cheng Chuang, Sreekrishna Ramakrishnapillai, Kaitlyn Madden, Julia St Amant, Kevin Mcklveen, Kathryn Gwizdala, Ramasudhakar Dhullipudi, Lydia Bazzano, Owen Carmichael

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Introduction: Effective connectivity (EC), the causal influence that functional activity in a source brain location exerts over functional activity in a target brain location, has the potential to provide different information about brain network dynamics than functional connectivity (FC), which quantifies activity synchrony between locations. However, head-to-head comparisons between EC and FC from either task-based or resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data are rare, especially in terms of how they associate with salient aspects of brain health. Methods: In this study, 100 cognitively-healthy participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study aged 54.2 ± 4.3years completed Stroop task-based fMRI, resting-state fMRI. EC and …

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Wooing “Willing Dupes”: The Bush Administration’S Use Of Emotional Language In The Drive Toward War With Iraq, Michael F. Russo Jan 2023

Wooing “Willing Dupes”: The Bush Administration’S Use Of Emotional Language In The Drive Toward War With Iraq, Michael F. Russo

Faculty Publications

The publicly available texts of the George W. Bush administration from September 11, 2001, to March 19, 2003, as presented in The Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, were analyzed for word frequency and the words themselves analyzed for emotional weight using the NRC Emotion Intensity Lexicon. Transcripts of six television news agencies (ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN, FOX, and PBS) were also analyzed for word frequency to determine the extent to which these agencies may have repeated and consequently amplified the rhetoric of the administration. Public opinion polling for this same period was examined in an …

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