Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Louisiana State University

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type

Articles 991 - 1020 of 4162

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Room Indirect Calorimetry Operating And Reporting Standards (Ricors 1.0): A Guide To Conducting And Reporting Human Whole-Room Calorimeter Studies, Kong Y. Chen, Steve Smith, Eric Ravussin, Jonathan Krakoff, Guy Plasqui, Shigeho Tanaka, Peter Murgatroyd, Robert Brychta, Christopher Bock, Elvis Carnero, Paul Schoffelen, Yoichi Hatamoto, Corey Rynders, Edward L. Melanson Sep 2020

Room Indirect Calorimetry Operating And Reporting Standards (Ricors 1.0): A Guide To Conducting And Reporting Human Whole-Room Calorimeter Studies, Kong Y. Chen, Steve Smith, Eric Ravussin, Jonathan Krakoff, Guy Plasqui, Shigeho Tanaka, Peter Murgatroyd, Robert Brychta, Christopher Bock, Elvis Carnero, Paul Schoffelen, Yoichi Hatamoto, Corey Rynders, Edward L. Melanson

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Whole-room indirect calorimeters have been used to study human metabolism for more than a century. These studies have contributed substantial knowledge to the assessment of nutritional needs and the regulation of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in humans. However, comparing results from studies conducted at different sites is challenging because of a lack of consistency in reporting technical performance, study design, and results. In May 2019, an expert panel was convened to consider minimal requirements for conducting and reporting the results of human whole-room indirect calorimeter studies. We propose Room Indirect Calorimetry Operating and Reporting Standards, version 1.0 (RICORS 1.0) …

Go to article

The Design Of A Randomized Clinical Trial To Evaluate A Pragmatic And Scalable Ehealth Intervention For The Management Of Gestational Weight Gain In Low-Income Women: Protocol For The Smartmoms In Wic Trial, Emily W. Flanagan, Abby D. Altazan, Natalie R. Comardelle, L. Anne Gilmore, John W. Apolzan, Jessica St. Romain, Julie C. Hardee, Renee S. Puyau, Christy L. Mayet, Robbie A. Beyl, S. Ariel Barlow, Sarah Surber Bounds, Kelsey N. Olson, Betty M. Kennedy, Daniel S. Hsia, Leanne M. Redman Sep 2020

The Design Of A Randomized Clinical Trial To Evaluate A Pragmatic And Scalable Ehealth Intervention For The Management Of Gestational Weight Gain In Low-Income Women: Protocol For The Smartmoms In Wic Trial, Emily W. Flanagan, Abby D. Altazan, Natalie R. Comardelle, L. Anne Gilmore, John W. Apolzan, Jessica St. Romain, Julie C. Hardee, Renee S. Puyau, Christy L. Mayet, Robbie A. Beyl, S. Ariel Barlow, Sarah Surber Bounds, Kelsey N. Olson, Betty M. Kennedy, Daniel S. Hsia, Leanne M. Redman

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Less than one-third of women gain an appropriate amount of weight during pregnancy, which can influence the long-term health of both the mother and the child. Economically disadvantaged women are the most vulnerable to maternal obesity, excessive weight gain during pregnancy, and poor birth outcomes. Effective and scalable health care strategies to promote healthy weight gain during pregnancy specifically tailored for these women are lacking. Objective: This paper presents the design and protocol of a biphasic, community-based eHealth trial, SmartMoms in WIC, to increase the adherence to healthy gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations in low-income mothers receiving women, infant, …

Go to article

Identification Of Pathways Associated With Placental Adaptation To Maternal Nutrient Restriction In Sheep, Ashley K. Edwards, Kathrin A. Dunlap, Thomas E. Spencer, M. Carey Satterfield Sep 2020

Identification Of Pathways Associated With Placental Adaptation To Maternal Nutrient Restriction In Sheep, Ashley K. Edwards, Kathrin A. Dunlap, Thomas E. Spencer, M. Carey Satterfield

Faculty Publications

Maternal nutrient restriction impairs placental growth and development, but available evidence suggests that adaptive mechanisms exist, in a subset of nutrient restricted (NR) ewes, that support normal fetal growth and do not result in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This study utilized Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine and Ovine Genome 1.0 ST Arrays to identify novel placental genes associated with differential fetal growth rates within NR ewes. Singleton pregnancies were generated by embryo transfer and, beginning on Day 35 of pregnancy, ewes received either a 100% NRC (control-fed group; n = 7) or 50% NRC (NR group; n = 24) diet until necropsy …

Go to article

Synergisms In Science: Climate Change And Integrated Pest Management Through The Lens Of Communication-2019 Student Debates, Jocelyn R. Holt, Lina Bernaola, Kadie E. Britt, Chirs Mccullough, Morgan Roth, Jennie Wagner, Max Ragozzino, Leslie Aviles, Zhilin Li, Forest Huval, Manoj Pandey, Benjamin W. Lee, Megan Asche, Abigail Hayes, Abigail Cohen, Adrian Marshall, Hannah E. Quellhorst, Rachel V. Wilkins, Valerie Nguyen, Jacqueline Maille, Rachel K. Skinner, John J. Ternest, Sarah Anderson, Scott W. Gula, Kayleigh Hauri, Julius Eason, Megan Mulcahy, Scott Lee, James Michael Villegas, Patricia Shorter Sep 2020

Synergisms In Science: Climate Change And Integrated Pest Management Through The Lens Of Communication-2019 Student Debates, Jocelyn R. Holt, Lina Bernaola, Kadie E. Britt, Chirs Mccullough, Morgan Roth, Jennie Wagner, Max Ragozzino, Leslie Aviles, Zhilin Li, Forest Huval, Manoj Pandey, Benjamin W. Lee, Megan Asche, Abigail Hayes, Abigail Cohen, Adrian Marshall, Hannah E. Quellhorst, Rachel V. Wilkins, Valerie Nguyen, Jacqueline Maille, Rachel K. Skinner, John J. Ternest, Sarah Anderson, Scott W. Gula, Kayleigh Hauri, Julius Eason, Megan Mulcahy, Scott Lee, James Michael Villegas, Patricia Shorter

Faculty Publications

Every year, the Student Debates Subcommittee (SDS) of the Student Affairs Committee (SAC) for the annual Entomological Society of America (ESA) meeting organizes the Student Debates. This year, the SAC selected topics based on their synergistic effect or ability to ignite exponential positive change when addressed as a whole. For the 2019 Student Debates, the SAC SDS identified these topic areas for teams to debate and unbiased introduction speakers to address: 1) how to better communicate science to engage the public, particularly in the area of integrated pest management (IPM), 2) the influential impacts of climate change on agriculturally and …

Go to article

Multiple Decrement Life Tables Of Cephus Cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) Across A Set Of Barley Cultivars: The Importance Of Plant Defense Versus Cannibalism, Buddhi B. Achhami, Robert K.D. Peterson, Jamie D. Sherman, Gadi V.P. Reddy, David K. Weaver Sep 2020

Multiple Decrement Life Tables Of Cephus Cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) Across A Set Of Barley Cultivars: The Importance Of Plant Defense Versus Cannibalism, Buddhi B. Achhami, Robert K.D. Peterson, Jamie D. Sherman, Gadi V.P. Reddy, David K. Weaver

Faculty Publications

Accurately estimating cause-specific mortality for immature insect herbivores is usually difficult. The insects are exposed to abiotic and biotic mortality factors, causing cadavers to simply disappear before cause of mortality can be recorded. Also, insect herbivores are often highly mobile on hosts, making it difficult to follow patterns for individuals through time. In contrast, the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, spends its entire egg, larval, and pupal period inside a host stem. Therefore, with periodic sampling stage-specific causes of mortality can be ascertained. Consequently, we examined C. cinctus mortality in eight barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivars in two locations …

Go to article

Antixenosis, Antibiosis, And Potential Yield Compensatory Response In Barley Cultivars Exposed To Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) Under Field Conditions, Buddhi B. Achhami, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Jamie D. Sherman, Robert K.D. Peterson, David K. Weaver Sep 2020

Antixenosis, Antibiosis, And Potential Yield Compensatory Response In Barley Cultivars Exposed To Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) Under Field Conditions, Buddhi B. Achhami, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Jamie D. Sherman, Robert K.D. Peterson, David K. Weaver

Faculty Publications

Wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, is an economically serious pest of cereals grown in North America. Barley cultivars were previously planted as resistant crops in rotations to manage C. cinctus, but due to increasing levels of injury to this crop, this is no longer a valid management tactic in Montana. Therefore, we aimed to understand antixenosis (behavioral preference), antibiosis (mortality), and potential yield compensation (increased productivity in response to stem injuries) in barley exposed to C. cinctus. We examined these traits in eight barley cultivars. Antixenosis was assessed by counting number of eggs per stem and antibiosis was assessed …

Go to article

The Validity, Time Burden, And User Satisfaction Of The FoodimageTm Smartphone App For Food Waste Measurement Versus Diaries: A Randomized Crossover Trial, Brian E. Roe, Danyi Qi, Robbie A. Beyl, Karissa E. Neubig, Corby K. Martin, John W. Apolzan Sep 2020

The Validity, Time Burden, And User Satisfaction Of The FoodimageTm Smartphone App For Food Waste Measurement Versus Diaries: A Randomized Crossover Trial, Brian E. Roe, Danyi Qi, Robbie A. Beyl, Karissa E. Neubig, Corby K. Martin, John W. Apolzan

Faculty Publications

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. The FoodImageTM smartphone app transmits users’ photographs of food selection and food waste to researchers, and includes user-tagged information about waste reasons and destination. Twenty-four participants were trained to record food waste using FoodImage, food waste diaries requiring visual estimation of waste quantities, and diaries requiring scale weights. Participants used each method during three staged food-waste scenarios (food preparation, eating, and clean-out) in a randomized crossover trial. Two participants had extreme values for the weighed diary method; therefore, accuracy results are reported with and without these two participants’ data. Error was calculated as waste estimated with …

Go to article

Unpacking The Decline In Food Waste Measured In Chinese Households From 1991 To 2009, Danyi Qi, John W. Apolzan, Ran Li, Brian E. Roe Sep 2020

Unpacking The Decline In Food Waste Measured In Chinese Households From 1991 To 2009, Danyi Qi, John W. Apolzan, Ran Li, Brian E. Roe

Faculty Publications

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Food waste reduction is an explicit goal for many countries, yet a paucity of high-quality primary measurements of food waste are available to inform policy. We analyze repeated physical measurements of discarded food from more than 37,000 households enrolled in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1991 to 2009 and describe relevant food waste patterns and trends within households over a period of dramatic change. Over a period in which average real household incomes tripled, food discarded per person declined by about 20% on a quantity basis and by about 40% on a Calorie …

Go to article

Obesity, Noncommunicable Diseases, And Covid-19: A Perfect Storm, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, J. Michael Salbaum, Steven B. Heymsfield Sep 2020

Obesity, Noncommunicable Diseases, And Covid-19: A Perfect Storm, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, J. Michael Salbaum, Steven B. Heymsfield

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Assessment Of Energy Expenditure: Are Calories Measured Differently For Different Diets?, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Eric Ravussin Sep 2020

Assessment Of Energy Expenditure: Are Calories Measured Differently For Different Diets?, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Eric Ravussin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Purpose of review The prevalence and burden of obesity has reached alarming levels. The assessment of human energy expenditure enables the identification of obesity-prone and obesity-resistant individuals and helps to explain the short and long-term success of weight loss treatments. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art methods used in the assessment of human energy expenditure and the impact of dietary intake on the interpretation of the data. Recent findings The reference techniques to assess energy expenditure in humans have not significantly changed during the last century. Today, indirect calorimetry, either using a metabolic chamber or a metabolic cart, is …

Go to article

Integrative And Quantitative Bioenergetics: Design Of A Study To Assess The Impact Of The Gut Microbiome On Host Energy Balance, Karen D. Corbin, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown, Elvis A. Carnero, Christopher Bock, Rita Emerson, Bruce E. Rittmann, Andrew K. Marcus, Taylor Davis, Blake Dirks, Zehra Esra Ilhan, Catherine Champagne, Steven R. Smith Sep 2020

Integrative And Quantitative Bioenergetics: Design Of A Study To Assess The Impact Of The Gut Microbiome On Host Energy Balance, Karen D. Corbin, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown, Elvis A. Carnero, Christopher Bock, Rita Emerson, Bruce E. Rittmann, Andrew K. Marcus, Taylor Davis, Blake Dirks, Zehra Esra Ilhan, Catherine Champagne, Steven R. Smith

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

The literature is replete with clinical studies that characterize the structure, diversity, and function of the gut microbiome and correlate the results to different disease states, including obesity. Whether the microbiome has a direct impact on obesity has not been established. To address this gap, we asked whether the gut microbiome and its bioenergetics quantitatively change host energy balance. This paper describes the design of a randomized crossover clinical trial that combines outpatient feeding with precisely controlled metabolic phenotyping in an inpatient metabolic ward. The target population was healthy, weight-stable individuals, age 18–45 and with a body mass index ≤30 …

Go to article

Obesity, The Most Common Comorbidity In Sars-Cov-2: Is Leptin The Link?, Candida J. Rebello, John P. Kirwan, Frank L. Greenway Sep 2020

Obesity, The Most Common Comorbidity In Sars-Cov-2: Is Leptin The Link?, Candida J. Rebello, John P. Kirwan, Frank L. Greenway

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and lung disease. These diseases are the most commonly reported health conditions that predispose individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection to require hospitalization including intensive care unit admissions. The innate immune response is the host’s first line of defense against a human coronavirus infection. However, most coronaviruses are armed with one strategy or another to overcome host antiviral defense, and the pathogenicity of the virus is related to its capacity to suppress host immunity. The multifaceted nature of obesity including its effects on immunity can fundamentally alter the pathogenesis of acute …

Go to article

Selection, Intake, And Plate Waste Patterns Of Leftover Food Items Among U.S. Consumers: A Pilot Study, Brian E. Roe, Danyi Qi, John W. Apolzan, Corby K. Martin Sep 2020

Selection, Intake, And Plate Waste Patterns Of Leftover Food Items Among U.S. Consumers: A Pilot Study, Brian E. Roe, Danyi Qi, John W. Apolzan, Corby K. Martin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Many campaigns promote the preservation and consumption of leftover food items as a critical household strategy to accomplish national consumer food waste reduction goals. We fill a gap in knowledge about the consumption and creation of leftovers in the United States by analyzing data from a pilot study in which 18 subjects tracked food selection, intake, and plate waste across all eating occasions for about one week. Subjects noted which items selected for consumption were leftovers, i.e., previously prepared but uneaten items that were stored for future consumption, and which unfinished items were saved to become leftovers. We found that …

Go to article

Effectiveness Of Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide In Minimizing Food Safety Risk Associated With Salmonella, E. Coli O157:H7, And Listeria Monocytogenes On Sweet Potatoes, Phillip Luu, Vijay Singh Chhetri, Marlene E. Janes, Joan M. King, Achyut Adhikari Sep 2020

Effectiveness Of Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide In Minimizing Food Safety Risk Associated With Salmonella, E. Coli O157:H7, And Listeria Monocytogenes On Sweet Potatoes, Phillip Luu, Vijay Singh Chhetri, Marlene E. Janes, Joan M. King, Achyut Adhikari

Faculty Publications

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a commonly used sanitizer in the produce industry despite its limited effectiveness against contaminated human pathogens in fresh produce. Aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an alternative sanitizer offering a greater oxidizing potency with greater efficacy in reducing a large number of microorganisms. We investigated the effect of aqueous chlorine dioxide treatment against human pathogens, Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes seeded on sweet potatoes. Sweet potatoes were spot inoculated (4.2 to 5.7 log CFU/cm2) with multi-strain cocktails of Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes and treated for 10-30 min with 5 ppm aqueous …

Go to article

Population Structure Analysis And Identification Of Genomic Regions Under Selection Associated With Low-Nitrogen Tolerance In Tropical Maize Lines, Gustavo César Sant'ana, Fernando Garcia Espolador, Ítalo Stefanine Correia Granato, Leandro Freitas Mendonça, Roberto Fritsche-Neto, Aluízio Borém Sep 2020

Population Structure Analysis And Identification Of Genomic Regions Under Selection Associated With Low-Nitrogen Tolerance In Tropical Maize Lines, Gustavo César Sant'ana, Fernando Garcia Espolador, Ítalo Stefanine Correia Granato, Leandro Freitas Mendonça, Roberto Fritsche-Neto, Aluízio Borém

Faculty Publications

Increasing low nitrogen (N) tolerance in maize is an important goal for food security and agricultural sustainability. In order to analyze the population structure of tropical maize lines and identify genomic regions associated with low-N tolerance, a set of 64 inbred lines were evaluated under low-N and optimal-N conditions. The low-N Agronomic Efficiency index (LNAE) of each line was calculated. The maize lines were genotyped using 417,112 SNPs markers. The grouping based on the LNAE values classified the lines into two phenotypic groups, the first comprised by genotypes with high LNAE (named H_LNAE group), while the second one comprised genotypes …

Go to article

A Systematic Review Of Children’S Physical Activity Patterns: Concept, Operational Definitions, Instruments, Statistical Analyses, And Health Implications, Thayse Natacha Gomes, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Sara Pereira, Mabliny Thuany, Martyn Standage, José Maia Aug 2020

A Systematic Review Of Children’S Physical Activity Patterns: Concept, Operational Definitions, Instruments, Statistical Analyses, And Health Implications, Thayse Natacha Gomes, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Sara Pereira, Mabliny Thuany, Martyn Standage, José Maia

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Despite the widespread use of the expression “physical activity pattern” (PAP), there apparently is no general consensus regarding its definition. This systematic review aimed to examine available research focussing on (1) definitions of PAP, (2) instruments/techniques used to describe PAP, (3) statistical approaches used to analyse PAP, and (4) implications of PAP on children’s health. A systematic review of the available literature was done to identify studies published up to October 2019, and 76 studies were eligible. None of the studies presented a formal definition of PAP; a wide range of instruments were used to investigate children’s PAP, and most …

Go to article

Minimum Reporting Guidelines And The Role Of Causal Inference In Functional Neuroimaging For Obesity Research, Tyler Davis, Hans Rudolf Berthoud, Martin Binks Aug 2020

Minimum Reporting Guidelines And The Role Of Causal Inference In Functional Neuroimaging For Obesity Research, Tyler Davis, Hans Rudolf Berthoud, Martin Binks

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Increase In Absolute Leaf Water Content Tends To Keep Pace With That Of Leaf Dry Mass—Evidence From Bamboo Plants, Weiwei Huang, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Yueyi Li, Jørgen Bo Larsen, Peijian Shi Aug 2020

Increase In Absolute Leaf Water Content Tends To Keep Pace With That Of Leaf Dry Mass—Evidence From Bamboo Plants, Weiwei Huang, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Yueyi Li, Jørgen Bo Larsen, Peijian Shi

Faculty Publications

Leaves, as the most important photosynthetic organ of plants, are intimately associated with plant function and adaptation to environmental changes. The scaling relationship of the leaf dry mass (or the fresh mass) vs. leaf surface area has been referred to as “diminishing returns”, suggesting that the leaf area fails to increase in proportion to leaf dry mass (or fresh mass). However, previous studies used materials across different families, and there is lack of studies testing whether leaf fresh mass is proportional to the leaf dry mass for the species in the same family, and examining the influence of the scaling …

Go to article

Adaptive Fat Oxidation Is Coupled With Increased Lipid Storage In Adipose Tissue Of Female Mice Fed High Dietary Fat And Sucrose, Scott Fuller, Yongmei Yu, Timothy D. Allerton, Tamra Mendoza, David M. Ribnicky, Z. Elizabeth Floyd Aug 2020

Adaptive Fat Oxidation Is Coupled With Increased Lipid Storage In Adipose Tissue Of Female Mice Fed High Dietary Fat And Sucrose, Scott Fuller, Yongmei Yu, Timothy D. Allerton, Tamra Mendoza, David M. Ribnicky, Z. Elizabeth Floyd

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Western diets high in fat and sucrose are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Although the prevalence of MetS in women is comparable to that in men, metabolic adaptations in females to Western diet have not been reported in preclinical studies. This study investigates the effects of Western diet on risk factors for MetS in female mice. Based on our earlier studies in male mice, we hypothesized that dietary supplementation with extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L. (PMI5011) and Momordica charantia (bitter melon) could affect MetS risk factors in females. Eight-week-old female mice were fed a 10% kcal fat, 17% kcal sucrose …

Go to article

Birds In Fragmented Amazonian Rainforest: Lessons From 40 Years At The Biological Dynamics Of Forest Fragments Project, Philip C. Stouffer Aug 2020

Birds In Fragmented Amazonian Rainforest: Lessons From 40 Years At The Biological Dynamics Of Forest Fragments Project, Philip C. Stouffer

Faculty Publications

For decades, ecologists have studied fundamental questions of how Amazonian biodiversity is maintained, and whether that diversity can persist following deforestation. The long history of avian research at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, near Manaus, Brazil, has helped advance this understanding in the context of a broader research program focused on rainforest fragments embedded in a dynamic matrix. By sampling birds beginning before fragments were isolated, in the late 1970s, and continuing the protocol to the present, our work has revealed community dynamics driven not just by area and isolation, but also by larger landscape patterns, particularly second …

Go to article

Within-Trial Cost-Effectiveness Of Lifestyle Intervention Using A 3-Tier Shared Care Approach For Pregnancy Outcomes In Chinese Women With Gestational Diabetes, Weiqin Li, Cuiping Zhang, Junhong Leng, Ping Shao, Huiguang Tian, Fuxia Zhang, Ling Dong, Zhijie Yu, Juliana C.N. Chan, Gang Hu, Ping Zhang, Xilin Yang Aug 2020

Within-Trial Cost-Effectiveness Of Lifestyle Intervention Using A 3-Tier Shared Care Approach For Pregnancy Outcomes In Chinese Women With Gestational Diabetes, Weiqin Li, Cuiping Zhang, Junhong Leng, Ping Shao, Huiguang Tian, Fuxia Zhang, Ling Dong, Zhijie Yu, Juliana C.N. Chan, Gang Hu, Ping Zhang, Xilin Yang

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

This study assessed within-trial cost-effectiveness of a shared care program (SC, n = 339) for pregnancy outcomes compared to usual care (UC, n = 361), as implemented in a randomized trial of Chinese women with gestational diabetes (GDM). SC consisted of an individualized dietary advice and physical activity counseling program. The UC was a one-time group education program. The effectiveness was measured by number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one macrosomia/large for gestational age (LGA) infant. The cost-effectiveness was measured by incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in terms of cost (2012 Chinese Yuan/US dollar) per case of macrosomia and LGA prevented. …

Go to article

The Type And Amount Of Dietary Fat Affect Plasma Factor Viic, Fibrinogen, And Pai-1 In Healthy Individuals And Individuals At High Cardiovascular Disease Risk: 2 Randomized Controlled Trials, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Paul W. Stewart, Henry N. Ginsberg, Russell P. Tracy, Michael Lefevre, Patricia J. Elmer, Lars Berglund, Abby G. Ershow, Thomas A. Pearson, Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan, Stephen F. Holleran, Barbara H. Dennis, Catherine M. Champagne, Wahida Karmally Aug 2020

The Type And Amount Of Dietary Fat Affect Plasma Factor Viic, Fibrinogen, And Pai-1 In Healthy Individuals And Individuals At High Cardiovascular Disease Risk: 2 Randomized Controlled Trials, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Paul W. Stewart, Henry N. Ginsberg, Russell P. Tracy, Michael Lefevre, Patricia J. Elmer, Lars Berglund, Abby G. Ershow, Thomas A. Pearson, Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan, Stephen F. Holleran, Barbara H. Dennis, Catherine M. Champagne, Wahida Karmally

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: Factor VIIc, fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) are cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and are modulated, in part, by fat type and amount. Objective: We evaluated fat type and amount on the primary outcomes: factor VIIc, fibrinogen, and PAI-1. Methods: In the Dietary Effects on Lipoproteins and Thrombogenic Activity (DELTA) Trial, 2 controlled crossover feeding studies evaluated substituting carbohydrate or MUFAs for SFAs. Study 1: healthy participants (n = 103) were provided with (8 wk) an average American diet [AAD; designed to provide 37% of energy (%E) as fat, 16% SFA], a Step 1 diet (30%E fat, …

Go to article

Trends In Adiposity And Food Insecurity Among Us Adults, Candice A. Myers, Emily F. Mire, Peter T. Katzmarzyk Aug 2020

Trends In Adiposity And Food Insecurity Among Us Adults, Candice A. Myers, Emily F. Mire, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Importance: Food insecurity is a pervasive public health issue in the US that is associated with greater body weight. Objective: To examine national trends in food insecurity among US adults from 1999 to 2016 according to surrogate measures of adiposity (body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC]). Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study analyzed nationally representative data obtained from nine 2-year cycles (1999 to 2000 through 2015 to 2016) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the US. The sample comprised adult survey participants aged 20 years or older. Data analyses were performed from July 1, …

Go to article

Exercise-Induced Increases In Insulin Sensitivity After Bariatric Surgery Are Mediated By Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Wagner S. Dantas, Hamilton Roschel, Igor H. Murai, Saulo Gil, Gangarao Davuluri, Christopher L. Axelrod, Sujoy Ghosh, Susan S. Newman, Hui Zhang, Samuel K. Shinjo, Willian Das Neves, Carlos Merege-Filho, Walcy R. Teodoro, Vera L. Capelozzi, Rosa Maria Pereira, Fabiana B. Benatti, Ana L. De Sá-Pinto, Roberto De Cleva, Marco A. Santo, John P. Kirwan, Bruno Gualano Aug 2020

Exercise-Induced Increases In Insulin Sensitivity After Bariatric Surgery Are Mediated By Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Wagner S. Dantas, Hamilton Roschel, Igor H. Murai, Saulo Gil, Gangarao Davuluri, Christopher L. Axelrod, Sujoy Ghosh, Susan S. Newman, Hui Zhang, Samuel K. Shinjo, Willian Das Neves, Carlos Merege-Filho, Walcy R. Teodoro, Vera L. Capelozzi, Rosa Maria Pereira, Fabiana B. Benatti, Ana L. De Sá-Pinto, Roberto De Cleva, Marco A. Santo, John P. Kirwan, Bruno Gualano

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Exercise seems to enhance the beneficial effect of bariatric (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]) surgery on insulin resistance. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling may underlie these benefits. Women were randomized to either a combined aerobic and resistance exercise training program following RYGB (RYGB + ET) or standard of care (RYGB). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test. Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline and 3 and 9 months after surgery and subjected to compre-hensive phenotyping, transcriptome profiling, molecular pathway identification, and validation in vitro. Exercise training improved insulin sensitivity beyond surgery alone (e.g., Matsuda …

Go to article

The Effects Of Alcohol Consumption On Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes Following Weight Loss In Premenopausal Women With Obesity: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial, John W. Apolzan, Robbie A. Beyl, Corby K. Martin, Frank L. Greenway, Ursula White Aug 2020

The Effects Of Alcohol Consumption On Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes Following Weight Loss In Premenopausal Women With Obesity: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial, John W. Apolzan, Robbie A. Beyl, Corby K. Martin, Frank L. Greenway, Ursula White

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Alcohol (i.e., ethanol) is consumed regularly by much of the adult population; yet, the health effects associated with its use are not well-characterized. Clinical interventions to investigate the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on metabolic outcomes, including adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors, are limited and have yielded conflicting data. In addition, no study has reported the effects of routine alcohol intake during weight loss in a controlled feeding trial. We present the first randomized controlled pilot trial to investigate the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on metabolic outcomes during weight loss in women with obesity. Both groups consumed 30% energy …

Go to article

Changes In Body Weight, Adherence, And Appetite During 2 Years Of Calorie Restriction: The Calerie 2 Randomized Clinical Trial, James L. Dorling, Sai Krupa Das, Susan B. Racette, John W. Apolzan, Dachuan Zhang, Carl F. Pieper, Corby K. Martin Aug 2020

Changes In Body Weight, Adherence, And Appetite During 2 Years Of Calorie Restriction: The Calerie 2 Randomized Clinical Trial, James L. Dorling, Sai Krupa Das, Susan B. Racette, John W. Apolzan, Dachuan Zhang, Carl F. Pieper, Corby K. Martin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background/objectives: The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy Phase 2 (CALERIE) study showed that individuals who are nonobese were able to undergo significant calorie restriction (CR), yet the time course changes in adherence, weight, and appetite are unknown. This analysis aimed to investigate the time course changes in adherence, body weight, and appetite during the CALERIE study. Subjects/methods: Overall, 143 participants (body mass index: 21.9–28.0 kg/m2) were randomized to a CR group that aimed to achieve 25% CR for 2 years. Throughout the intervention, body weight was measured, and appetite was assessed through visual analogue scales. …

Go to article

Do Menopausal Status And Apoe4 Genotype Alter The Long-Term Effects Of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention On Cognitive Function In Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?, Hussein N. Yassine, Andrea Anderson, Roberta Brinton, Owen Carmichael, Mark A. Espeland, Siobhan Hoscheidt, Christina E. Hugenschmidt, Jeffrey N. Keller, Anne Peters, Xavier Pi-Sunyer Aug 2020

Do Menopausal Status And Apoe4 Genotype Alter The Long-Term Effects Of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention On Cognitive Function In Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?, Hussein N. Yassine, Andrea Anderson, Roberta Brinton, Owen Carmichael, Mark A. Espeland, Siobhan Hoscheidt, Christina E. Hugenschmidt, Jeffrey N. Keller, Anne Peters, Xavier Pi-Sunyer

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

In the Look AHEAD trial, randomization to Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI) or Diabetes Support and Education (DSE) did not result in differences in cognitive outcomes. However, menopause and APOE genotype are factors that affect the response to this intervention. The effect of this intervention on a single cognitive assessment was examined in 3 groups of women: premenopausal or < 5 years postmenopausal (N = 594), within 5–10 years (n = 388), and ≥10 years postmenopausal (n = 963), and as a function of continuous years since menopause. The late postmenopausal group in the ILI had worse composite z-scores compared to those in the DSE, whereas the younger premenopausal or early postmenopausal women in the ILI had better composite z-scores than the DSE. A significant interaction between years since menopause and intervention arm, but not baseline age, was observed on executive function domains. ILI appeared only to benefit cognitive function among non-APOE4 carriers during premenopause or early postmenopause. These findings emphasize the importance of assessing menopause and APOE status to understand how weight loss impacts cognition.

Go to article

Evaluating The Implementation And Effectiveness Of The Switch-Ms: An Ecological, Multi-Component Adolescent Obesity Prevention Intervention, Senlin Chen, Richard R. Rosenkranz, Gabriella M. Mcloughlin, Spyridoula Vazou, Lorraine Lanningham-Foster, Douglas A. Gentile, David A. Dzewaltowski Aug 2020

Evaluating The Implementation And Effectiveness Of The Switch-Ms: An Ecological, Multi-Component Adolescent Obesity Prevention Intervention, Senlin Chen, Richard R. Rosenkranz, Gabriella M. Mcloughlin, Spyridoula Vazou, Lorraine Lanningham-Foster, Douglas A. Gentile, David A. Dzewaltowski

Faculty Publications

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of an ecological, multi-component adolescent obesity prevention intervention called School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health-Middle School (SWITCH-MS).Methods: Following the effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 3 quasi-experimental design, seven middle schools (377 students) in Iowa, United States, were stratified into "experienced" (n= 3; 110 students) or "inexperienced" (n= 4; 267 students) groups to receive the 12-week SWITCH-MS intervention. To evaluate implementation, school informants (n= 10) responded to a survey and students completed behavioral tracking in the classroom on a website. For effectiveness evaluation, students in 6th, 7th, and 8th grades …

Go to article

Mercury Concentrations In Store‐Bought Shrimp, Angelle Mccormick, Matthew D. Robertson, Rebecka Brasso, Stephen R. Midway Jul 2020

Mercury Concentrations In Store‐Bought Shrimp, Angelle Mccormick, Matthew D. Robertson, Rebecka Brasso, Stephen R. Midway

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Genome Sequence Of The Grape Phylloxera Provides Insights Into The Evolution, Adaptation, And Invasion Routes Of An Iconic Pest, Claude Rispe, Fabrice Legeai, Paul D. Nabity, Rosa Fernández, Arinder K. Arora, Patrice Baa-Puyoulet, Celeste R. Banfill, Leticia Bao, Miquel Barberà, Maryem Bouallègue, Anthony Bretaudeau, Jennifer A. Brisson, Federica Calevro, Pierre Capy, Olivier Catrice, Thomas Chertemps, Carole Couture, Laurent Delière, Angela E. Douglas, Keith Dufault-Thompson, Paula Escuer, Honglin Feng, Astrid Forneck, Toni Gabaldón, Roderic Guigó, Frédérique Hilliou, Silvia Hinojosa-Alvarez, Yi Min Hsiao, Sylvie Hudaverdian, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, Edward B. James, Spencer Johnston, Benjamin Joubard Jul 2020

The Genome Sequence Of The Grape Phylloxera Provides Insights Into The Evolution, Adaptation, And Invasion Routes Of An Iconic Pest, Claude Rispe, Fabrice Legeai, Paul D. Nabity, Rosa Fernández, Arinder K. Arora, Patrice Baa-Puyoulet, Celeste R. Banfill, Leticia Bao, Miquel Barberà, Maryem Bouallègue, Anthony Bretaudeau, Jennifer A. Brisson, Federica Calevro, Pierre Capy, Olivier Catrice, Thomas Chertemps, Carole Couture, Laurent Delière, Angela E. Douglas, Keith Dufault-Thompson, Paula Escuer, Honglin Feng, Astrid Forneck, Toni Gabaldón, Roderic Guigó, Frédérique Hilliou, Silvia Hinojosa-Alvarez, Yi Min Hsiao, Sylvie Hudaverdian, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, Edward B. James, Spencer Johnston, Benjamin Joubard

Faculty Publications

Background: Although native to North America, the invasion of the aphid-like grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae across the globe altered the course of grape cultivation. For the past 150 years, viticulture relied on grafting-resistant North American Vitis species as rootstocks, thereby limiting genetic stocks tolerant to other stressors such as pathogens and climate change. Limited understanding of the insect genetics resulted in successive outbreaks across the globe when rootstocks failed. Here we report the 294-Mb genome of D. vitifoliae as a basic tool to understand host plant manipulation, nutritional endosymbiosis, and enhance global viticulture. Results: Using a combination of genome, RNA, …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last