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Novel Targets In Glucose Homeostasis And Obesity—Lesson From Rare Mutations, Bing Feng, Pingwen Xu, Yanlin He Nov 2020

Novel Targets In Glucose Homeostasis And Obesity—Lesson From Rare Mutations, Bing Feng, Pingwen Xu, Yanlin He

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Purpose of Review: Obesity and diabetes have already become the second largest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. During the last decade, remarkable advances have been made in understanding the human genome’s contribution to glucose homeostasis disorders and obesity. A few studies on rare mutations of candidate genes provide potential genetic targets for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. In this review, we discussed the detailed findings of these studies and the possible causalities between specific genetic variations and dysfunctions in energy or glucose homeostasis. We are optimistic that novel therapeutic strategies targeting these specific mutants for treating and preventing diabetes …

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Indirect, Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma Promotes Bacterial Killing In Vitro And Wound Disinfection In Vivo Using Monogenic And Polygenic Models Of Type 2 Diabetes (Without Adverse Metabolic Complications), Chris R. Cooley, John Mark Mclain, Samuel D. Dupuy, Adrianna E. Eder, Molly Wintenberg, Kimberly Kelly-Wintenberg, Alan Wintenberg, J. Jason Collier, Susan J. Burke, Michael D. Karlstad Nov 2020

Indirect, Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma Promotes Bacterial Killing In Vitro And Wound Disinfection In Vivo Using Monogenic And Polygenic Models Of Type 2 Diabetes (Without Adverse Metabolic Complications), Chris R. Cooley, John Mark Mclain, Samuel D. Dupuy, Adrianna E. Eder, Molly Wintenberg, Kimberly Kelly-Wintenberg, Alan Wintenberg, J. Jason Collier, Susan J. Burke, Michael D. Karlstad

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

ABSTRACTA novel atmospheric plasma device that uses indirect, non-thermal plasma generated from room air is being studied for its effects on wound disinfection in animal wounds of monogenic and polygenic murine models of type 2 diabetes. As a proof-of-concept report, the goal of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the indirect non-thermal plasma (INTP) device in disinfecting polycarbonate filters established with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) biofilms as well as wound disinfection in diabetic murine wounds. Dorsal excisional wounds in BALB/c, polygenic TALLYHO, and monogenic db/db mice established with PAO1 infection all demonstrated a 3-log colony-forming unit (CFU) …

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Relationships Between Emotion, Acceptance, Food Choice, And Consumption: Some New Perspectives, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul Nov 2020

Relationships Between Emotion, Acceptance, Food Choice, And Consumption: Some New Perspectives, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul

Faculty Publications

Food is more than just a source of nutrients—it also provides basic pleasure as well as aesthetic experiences. A number of studies have reported that acceptance, food choice, and consumption are affected by a large number of factors, including both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and cues, as well as consumer characteristics. Food-elicited emotions are becoming a critical component in designing products that meet consumers’ needs and expectations. Several studies have reported emotional responses to food and their relationships to product acceptability, preference, and choice. This Special Issue brings together a small range of studies with a diversity of approaches that …

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Aroma, Quality, And Consumer Mindsets For Shelf-Stable Rice Thermally Processed By Reciprocal Agitation, William R. Dixon, Blanca E. Morales-Contreras, Manoch Kongchum, Zhimin Xu, Dustin Harrell, Howard R. Moskowitz, Louise Wicker Nov 2020

Aroma, Quality, And Consumer Mindsets For Shelf-Stable Rice Thermally Processed By Reciprocal Agitation, William R. Dixon, Blanca E. Morales-Contreras, Manoch Kongchum, Zhimin Xu, Dustin Harrell, Howard R. Moskowitz, Louise Wicker

Faculty Publications

Food engineering, food chemistry, and consumer segmentation were used to evaluate ready-to-eat rice. The aromatic Louisiana Clearfield Jazzman (CJ) and Thai Jasmine (TJ), and a non-aromatic parboiled (PB) rice were hydrated during the first 10 min of processing with reciprocal agitation followed by static retort processing. The aroma compound, 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) was more heat-stable in CJ than TJ rice but decreased 15-fold compared to the rice cooker method. Pareto analysis indicated that rice type and agitation had the main effect on amylose and total starch and chroma and hue. Color differences of rice agitated during hydration and between rice cooker …

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Multi-Trait Genomic Prediction Of Yield-Related Traits In Us Soft Wheat Under Variable Water Regimes, Jia Guo, Jahangir Khan, Sumit Pradhan, Dipendra Shahi, Naeem Khan, Muhsin Avci, Jordan Mcbreen, Stephen Harrison, Gina Brown-Guedira, J. Paul Murphy, Jerry Johnson, Mohamed Mergoum, Richanrd Esten Mason, Amir M.H. Ibrahim, Russel Sutton, Carl Griffey, M. A. Babar Nov 2020

Multi-Trait Genomic Prediction Of Yield-Related Traits In Us Soft Wheat Under Variable Water Regimes, Jia Guo, Jahangir Khan, Sumit Pradhan, Dipendra Shahi, Naeem Khan, Muhsin Avci, Jordan Mcbreen, Stephen Harrison, Gina Brown-Guedira, J. Paul Murphy, Jerry Johnson, Mohamed Mergoum, Richanrd Esten Mason, Amir M.H. Ibrahim, Russel Sutton, Carl Griffey, M. A. Babar

Faculty Publications

The performance of genomic prediction (GP) on genetically correlated traits can be improved through an interdependence multi-trait model under a multi-environment context. In this study, a panel of 237 soft facultative wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines was evaluated to compare single-and multi-trait models for predicting grain yield (GY), harvest index (HI), spike fertility (SF), and thousand grain weight (TGW). The panel was phenotyped in two locations and two years in Florida under drought and moderately drought stress conditions, while the genotyping was performed using 27,957 genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) makers. Five predictive models including Multi-environment Genomic Best Linear …

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Correlation Analysis Of Precipitation And River Flow With The Injection And Discharge Of The Three Gorges Dam And Reservoir, Lirong Yin Oct 2020

Correlation Analysis Of Precipitation And River Flow With The Injection And Discharge Of The Three Gorges Dam And Reservoir, Lirong Yin

LSU Master's Theses

The Yangtze River has been the primary support of the resources and transportation of China. Its basin covers an area of 1.8 million square kilometers. The Three Gorges Dam and Reservoir on the Yangtze River is one of the world's largest dams. After the dam construction in 1997, the reservoir started injecting the reservoir to a size of over 600 km2. The influence caused by the dam and reservoir on the river system has been overwhelming and destructive. The possible influence of this vast water body and the operation to maintain this waterbody's size and water level on …

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Prdm16 Deficiency Leads To Age-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy, Adverse Remodeling, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, And Heart Failure, Dasan Mary Cibi, Kathleen Wung Bi-Lin, Shamini Guna Shekeran, Reddemma Sandireddy, Nicole Tee, Anamika Singh, Yajun Wu, Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan, Jean Paul Kovalik, Sujoy Ghosh, Patrick Seale, Manvendra K. Singh Oct 2020

Prdm16 Deficiency Leads To Age-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy, Adverse Remodeling, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, And Heart Failure, Dasan Mary Cibi, Kathleen Wung Bi-Lin, Shamini Guna Shekeran, Reddemma Sandireddy, Nicole Tee, Anamika Singh, Yajun Wu, Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan, Jean Paul Kovalik, Sujoy Ghosh, Patrick Seale, Manvendra K. Singh

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Although hypertrophy is traditionally regarded as an adaptive response to physiological or pathological stress, prolonged hypertrophy can lead to heart failure. Here we demonstrate that Prdm16 is dispensable for cardiac development. However, it is required in the adult heart to preserve mitochondrial function and inhibit hypertrophy with advanced age. Cardiac-specific deletion of Prdm16 results in cardiac hypertrophy, excessive ventricular fibrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired metabolic flexibility, leading to heart failure. We demonstrate that Prdm16 and euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase factors (Ehmts) act together to reduce expression of fetal genes …

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Novel Information About The Kinetic Effects Of Equine Shoe Modifications And Kinematic Effects Of Human Digital Devices For Improved Performance In Both Species, Pengju Wang Oct 2020

Novel Information About The Kinetic Effects Of Equine Shoe Modifications And Kinematic Effects Of Human Digital Devices For Improved Performance In Both Species, Pengju Wang

LSU Master's Theses

Equine shoes are frequently modified to enhance traction for horses that travel on paved surfaces for work, pleasure, or entertainment. Little is known about other common shoe modifications used to enhance traction like calks, tungsten carbide granules, or plastic composition. This information is vital to shoe design to protect the safety and welfare of all service, working, and leisure horses. The objective of the first part of this thesis was to quantify the effect of shoes with and without traction adaptions on kinetic measures in non-lame, light breed horses at a trot. Kinetic data was collected with a force platform …

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Shelf-Stable Sustainable Shrimp Thermally Processed With Reciprocal Agitation, William R. Dixon, Evelyn G. Watts, John A. King, Xing Fu, Louise Wicker Oct 2020

Shelf-Stable Sustainable Shrimp Thermally Processed With Reciprocal Agitation, William R. Dixon, Evelyn G. Watts, John A. King, Xing Fu, Louise Wicker

Faculty Publications

Shelf-stable, ready-to-eat shrimp offer a convenient, portion-controlled option for a highly desirable seafood commodity. The perishability of shrimp requires tight cold-temperature control during distribution and handling. Thermal processing of shrimp was evaluated in a multimode retort with automated control of come-up, heat, and cool times and with addition of high-speed reciprocal agitation. Reciprocal agitation was compared with static retort for thermal process and quality parameters, including cook time, process time to achieve target lethality (F0), cook yield, texture, and appearance of shelf-stable shrimp. Total retort thermal processing times decreased from 30 min at 0 shakes per minute (SPM) to 17.1 …

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Abundance Of The Species Clostridium Butyricum In The Gut Microbiota Contributes To Differences In Obesity Phenotype In Outbred Sprague-Dawley Cd Rats, Diana N. Obanda, Claudia Husseneder, Anne M. Raggio, Ryan Page, Brian Marx, Rhett W. Stout, Justin Guice, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan Oct 2020

Abundance Of The Species Clostridium Butyricum In The Gut Microbiota Contributes To Differences In Obesity Phenotype In Outbred Sprague-Dawley Cd Rats, Diana N. Obanda, Claudia Husseneder, Anne M. Raggio, Ryan Page, Brian Marx, Rhett W. Stout, Justin Guice, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Objectives: Gut microbiota profiles contribute to differences in obesity phenotype. We examined the abundance of the species Clostridium butyricum in relation to obesity phenotype. Methods: In outbred Sprague -Dawley rats we examined effects of dietary fat, resistant starch (RS), and a microbiota transplant on obesity phenotype. Using targeted qPCR, we examined the abundance of total gut bacteria and C. butyricum in relation to the propensity of obesity prone and obesity resistant rats to accumulate abdominal fat. Results: Before inclusion of dietary RS, obesity resistant (OR) rats had higher amounts of total bacteria, and C. butyricum compared …

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Abundance Of The Species Clostridium Butyricum In The Gut Microbiota Contributes To Differences In Obesity Phenotype In Outbred Sprague-Dawley Cd Rats, Diana N. Obanda, Claudia Husseneder, Anne M. Raggio, Ryan Page, Brian Marx, Rhett W. Stout, Justin Guice, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan Oct 2020

Abundance Of The Species Clostridium Butyricum In The Gut Microbiota Contributes To Differences In Obesity Phenotype In Outbred Sprague-Dawley Cd Rats, Diana N. Obanda, Claudia Husseneder, Anne M. Raggio, Ryan Page, Brian Marx, Rhett W. Stout, Justin Guice, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Objectives: Gut microbiota profiles contribute to differences in obesity phenotype. We examined the abundance of the species Clostridium butyricum in relation to obesity phenotype. Methods: In outbred Sprague -Dawley rats we examined effects of dietary fat, resistant starch (RS), and a microbiota transplant on obesity phenotype. Using targeted qPCR, we examined the abundance of total gut bacteria and C. butyricum in relation to the propensity of obesity prone and obesity resistant rats to accumulate abdominal fat. Results: Before inclusion of dietary RS, obesity resistant (OR) rats had higher amounts of total bacteria, and C. butyricum compared …

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Effect Of Conjugated Estrogens And Bazedoxifene On Glucose, Energy And Lipid Metabolism In Obese Postmenopausal Women, Kara L. Marlatt, Dragana Lovre, Robbie A. Beyl, Chandra R. Tate, Evelyn K. Hayes, Charles F. Burant, Eric Ravussin, Franck Mauvais-Jarvis Oct 2020

Effect Of Conjugated Estrogens And Bazedoxifene On Glucose, Energy And Lipid Metabolism In Obese Postmenopausal Women, Kara L. Marlatt, Dragana Lovre, Robbie A. Beyl, Chandra R. Tate, Evelyn K. Hayes, Charles F. Burant, Eric Ravussin, Franck Mauvais-Jarvis

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objective: Combining conjugated estrogens (CE) with the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene (BZA) is a novel, orally administered menopausal therapy. We investigated the effect of CE/BZA on insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, and serum metabolome in postmenopausal women with obesity. Design: Randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot trial with washout was conducted at Pennington Biomedical Research Center. Eight postmenopausal women (age 50-60 years, BMI 30-40 kg/m2) were randomized to 8 weeks CE/BZA or placebo. Primary outcome was insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp). Secondary outcomes included body composition (DXA); resting metabolic rate (RMR); substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry); ectopic lipids (1H-MRS); fat cell size, adipose and …

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Testosterone Supplementation Upregulates Androgen Receptor Expression And Translational Capacity During Severe Energy Deficit, Emily E. Howard, Lee M. Margolis, Claire E. Berryman, Harris R. Lieberman, J. Philip Karl, Andrew J. Young, Monty A. Montano, William J. Evans, Nancy R. Rodriguez, Neil M. Johannsen, Kishore M. Gadde, Melissa N. Harris, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos Oct 2020

Testosterone Supplementation Upregulates Androgen Receptor Expression And Translational Capacity During Severe Energy Deficit, Emily E. Howard, Lee M. Margolis, Claire E. Berryman, Harris R. Lieberman, J. Philip Karl, Andrew J. Young, Monty A. Montano, William J. Evans, Nancy R. Rodriguez, Neil M. Johannsen, Kishore M. Gadde, Melissa N. Harris, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Testosterone supplementation during energy deficit promotes whole body lean mass accretion, but the mechanisms underlying that effect remain unclear. To elucidate those mechanisms, skeletal muscle molecular adaptations were assessed from muscle biopsies collected before, 1 h, and 6 h after exercise and a mixed meal (40 g protein, 1 h postexercise) following 14 days of weight maintenance (WM) and 28 days of an exercise- and diet-induced 55% energy deficit (ED) in 50 physically active nonobese men treated with 200 mg testosterone enanthate/wk (TEST) or placebo (PLA) during the ED. Participants (n = 10/group) exhibiting substantial increases in leg lean mass …

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Louisiana Agriculture Fall, 2020 Oct 2020

Louisiana Agriculture Fall, 2020

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

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Northwest- Fall 2020, Lsu Agcenter Oct 2020

Northwest- Fall 2020, Lsu Agcenter

Horticulture Hints

No abstract provided.

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Northeast- Fall 2020, Lsu Agcenter Oct 2020

Northeast- Fall 2020, Lsu Agcenter

Horticulture Hints

No abstract provided.

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Southwest- Fall 2020, Lsu Agcenter Oct 2020

Southwest- Fall 2020, Lsu Agcenter

Horticulture Hints

No abstract provided.

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Central- Fall 2020, Lsu Agcenter Oct 2020

Central- Fall 2020, Lsu Agcenter

Horticulture Hints

No abstract provided.

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Southeast- Fall 2020, Lsu Agcenter Oct 2020

Southeast- Fall 2020, Lsu Agcenter

Horticulture Hints

No abstract provided.

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Third-Variable Effect Analysis With Multilevel Additive Models, Qingzhao Yu, Bin Li Oct 2020

Third-Variable Effect Analysis With Multilevel Additive Models, Qingzhao Yu, Bin Li

Faculty Publications

Third-variable effect refers to the effect transmitted by third-variables that intervene in the relationship between an exposure and a response variable. Third-variable effect analysis has been broadly studied in many fields. However, it remains a challenge for researchers to differentiate indirect effect of individual factor from multiple third-variables, especially when the involving variables are of hierarchical structure. Yu et al. (2014) defined third-variable effects that were consistent for all different types of response (categorical or continuous), exposure, or third-variables. With these definitions, multiple third-variables can be considered simultaneously, and the indirect effects carried by individual third-variables can be separated from …

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Psychological Mechanisms Associated With Food Security Status And Bmi In Adults: A Mixed Methods Study, Candice A. Myers, Robbie A. Beyl, Corby K. Martin, Stephanie T. Broyles, Peter T. Katzmarzyk Oct 2020

Psychological Mechanisms Associated With Food Security Status And Bmi In Adults: A Mixed Methods Study, Candice A. Myers, Robbie A. Beyl, Corby K. Martin, Stephanie T. Broyles, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objective: This study examined psychological constructs (delay discounting, grit, future time perspective and subjective social status) in relation to food security status and body weight.Design: A simultaneous triangulation mixed methods design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were collected in fifty-six adults. Independent variables included food security status (food secure or food insecure) and BMI category (normal weight or overweight/obese). Participants, matched on race (African American and White), were categorised into four food security status by BMI category groups. Psychological constructs were measured via validated questionnaires. Qualitative data were collected in a subsample of twelve participants …

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Fast Food Patronage And Obesity Prevalence During The Covid-19 Pandemic: An Alternative Explanation, Candice A. Myers, Stephanie T. Broyles Oct 2020

Fast Food Patronage And Obesity Prevalence During The Covid-19 Pandemic: An Alternative Explanation, Candice A. Myers, Stephanie T. Broyles

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Breakfast Skipping And Overweight/Obesity In First Grade Primary School Children: A Nationwide Register-Based Study In Iceland, Anita Aanesen, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Linda Ernstsen Oct 2020

Breakfast Skipping And Overweight/Obesity In First Grade Primary School Children: A Nationwide Register-Based Study In Iceland, Anita Aanesen, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Linda Ernstsen

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Although several studies have revealed an association between skipping breakfast and overweight (OW) or obesity (OB) in older children and adolescents, less is known about that association in younger children. The purpose of our study was to assess the association between skipping breakfast and OW/OB in children in the first grade. The sample included 4360 children (51.5% boys) aged 5.6 to 7.4 years who participated in the annual health examination in Iceland during 2016 and 2017, completed by 91% of all first graders in Iceland. Binary logistic regression analysis with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used …

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Exercise Training Impacts Skeletal Muscle Clock Machinery In Prediabetes, Melissa L. Erickson, H. U.I. Zhang, Jacob T. Mey, John P. Kirwan Oct 2020

Exercise Training Impacts Skeletal Muscle Clock Machinery In Prediabetes, Melissa L. Erickson, H. U.I. Zhang, Jacob T. Mey, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Purpose Disruption of the skeletal muscle molecular clock leads to metabolic disease, whereas exercise may be restorative, leading to improvements in metabolic health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-wk exercise intervention on skeletal muscle molecular clock machinery in adults with obesity and prediabetes, and determine whether these changes were related to exercise-induced improvements in metabolic health. Methods Twenty-six adults (age, 66 ± 4.5 yr; body mass index (BMI), 34 ± 3.4 kg·m-2; fasting plasma glucose, 105 ± 15 mg·dL-1) participated in a 12-wk exercise intervention and were fully provided isoenergetic diets. Body composition …

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Evidence Summaries And Recommendations From The International Evidence-Based Guideline For The Assessment And Management Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Lifestyle Management, Lisa J. Moran, Eliza C. Tassone, Jacqueline Boyle, Leah Brennan, Cheryce L. Harrison, Angelica Lindén Hirschberg, Siew Lim, Kate Marsh, Marie L. Misso, Leanne Redman, Mala Thondan, Chandrika Wijeyaratne, Rhonda Garad, Nigel K. Stepto, Helena J. Teede Oct 2020

Evidence Summaries And Recommendations From The International Evidence-Based Guideline For The Assessment And Management Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Lifestyle Management, Lisa J. Moran, Eliza C. Tassone, Jacqueline Boyle, Leah Brennan, Cheryce L. Harrison, Angelica Lindén Hirschberg, Siew Lim, Kate Marsh, Marie L. Misso, Leanne Redman, Mala Thondan, Chandrika Wijeyaratne, Rhonda Garad, Nigel K. Stepto, Helena J. Teede

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Lifestyle is fundamental in chronic disease prevention and management, and it has been recommended as a first-line treatment in the Australian polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) guideline 2011. The first international evidence-based guideline on PCOS was developed in 2018, which expanded the scope and evidence in the Australian guideline. This paper summarizes the lifestyle recommendations and evidence summaries from the guideline. International multidisciplinary guideline development groups delivered the International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 2018. The process followed the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II and The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and …

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Exploring New And Modified Rejection-Type Thresholds Using Cricket Snack Crackers, Ryan Ardoin, Ross Romero, Brian Marx, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul Oct 2020

Exploring New And Modified Rejection-Type Thresholds Using Cricket Snack Crackers, Ryan Ardoin, Ross Romero, Brian Marx, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul

Faculty Publications

Recently, sensory threshold concepts have been expanded to include affective perceptions of foods and beverages, especially measures of product rejection; however, each threshold interpretation depends largely on the methodology employed. By substituting cricket powder for whole-wheat flour in snack crackers (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%), we proposed modifications to two existing threshold methodologies: a modified consumer rejection threshold (M-CRT) using a 2-alternative choice (2-AC) preference test with “no preference” option; and a modified hedonic rejection threshold (M-HRT) based on less-than-neutral hedonic scores according to a one-sample t-test. We also proposed two new concepts: a rejection tolerance threshold (RTT) and …

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Β-Cell Function Or Insulin Resistance Was Associated With The Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes Among Women With Or Without Obesity And A History Of Gestational Diabetes, Yuxin Fan, Leishen Wang, Huikun Liu, Shuang Zhang, Huiguang Tian, Yun Shen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Zhijie Yu, Xilin Yang, Gang Hu, Ming Liu Sep 2020

Β-Cell Function Or Insulin Resistance Was Associated With The Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes Among Women With Or Without Obesity And A History Of Gestational Diabetes, Yuxin Fan, Leishen Wang, Huikun Liu, Shuang Zhang, Huiguang Tian, Yun Shen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Zhijie Yu, Xilin Yang, Gang Hu, Ming Liu

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Introduction To evaluate the single association of postpartum β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR), as well as different combinations of postpartum β-cell dysfunction, IR, obesity, and a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with postpartum type 2 diabetes risk. Research design and methods The study included 1263 women with prior GDM and 705 women without GDM. Homeostatic model assessment was used to estimate homeostatic model assessment of β-cell secretory function (HOMA-%β) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results Multivariable-adjusted ORs of diabetes across quartiles of HOMA-%β and HOMA-IR were 1.00, 1.46, 2.15, and 6.25 (p trend < 0.001), and 1.00, 2.11, 5.59, and 9.36 (p trend < 0.001), respectively. Women with IR only had the same diabetes risk as women with β-cell dysfunction only. Obesity, together with IR or β-cell dysfunction, had a stronger effect on diabetes risk. This stronger effect was also found for a history of GDM with IR or β-cell dysfunction. Women with three risk factors, including obesity, a history of GDM and β-cell dysfunction/IR, showed the highest ORs of diabetes. Conclusions β-cell dysfunction or IR was significantly associated with postpartum diabetes. IR and β-cell dysfunction, together with obesity and a history of GDM, had the highest ORs of postpartum diabetes risk.

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Natural Environment And Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review, Robert Rohli Sep 2020

Natural Environment And Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review, Robert Rohli

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Mechanisms Of Artemisia Scoparia’S Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Cultured Adipocytes, Macrophages, And Pancreatic Β-Cells, Anik Boudreau, Susan J. Burke, J. Jason Collier, Allison J. Richard, David M. Ribnicky, Jacqueline M. Stephens Sep 2020

Mechanisms Of Artemisia Scoparia’S Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Cultured Adipocytes, Macrophages, And Pancreatic Β-Cells, Anik Boudreau, Susan J. Burke, J. Jason Collier, Allison J. Richard, David M. Ribnicky, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

© 2020 The Obesity Society Objective: An ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) improves adipose tissue function and reduces negative metabolic consequences of high-fat feeding. A. scoparia has a long history of medicinal use across Asia and has anti-inflammatory effects in various cell types and disease models. The objective of the current study was to investigate SCO’s effects on inflammation in cells relevant to metabolic health. Methods: Inflammatory responses were assayed in cultured adipocytes, macrophages, and insulinoma cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and NF-κB reporter assays. Results: In tumor necrosis factor α–treated adipocytes, SCO mitigated ERK and NF-κB …

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Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Modifies The Relationship Between Genetically Determined Body Mass Index During Pregnancy And Childhood Obesity, Zhaoxia Liang, Huikun Liu, Leishen Wang, Qiying Song, Dianjianyi Sun, Weiqin Li, Junhong Leng, Ru Gao, Gang Hu, Lu Qi Sep 2020

Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Modifies The Relationship Between Genetically Determined Body Mass Index During Pregnancy And Childhood Obesity, Zhaoxia Liang, Huikun Liu, Leishen Wang, Qiying Song, Dianjianyi Sun, Weiqin Li, Junhong Leng, Ru Gao, Gang Hu, Lu Qi

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Objective: To analyze the interactions between maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and genetically determined maternal body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy on offspring childhood obesity. Research Design and Methods: A total of 1114 Chinese mother-child pairs (560 GDM and 554 non-GDM) were included between August 2009 and July 2011. Maternal genetic risk score (GRS) of BMI during pregnancy was derived on the basis of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms identified from a genome-wide association study. Offspring's BMI, BMI-for-age z score, weight, weight-for-age z score, waist circumference, sum of skinfolds, and body fat percentage during childhood were measured or calculated. Results: Maternal …

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