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Effects Of Fertigation Versus Palletized Fertilizer On Height And Caliper Growth In Oaks, Zachary M. Davis Oct 2023

Effects Of Fertigation Versus Palletized Fertilizer On Height And Caliper Growth In Oaks, Zachary M. Davis

LSU Master's Theses

The Covid-19 pandemic and ensuing lockdowns led to an increase in revenue and production for green industry products in early 2020. In Study 1. an evaluation of fertigation (liquid feed, quick release) and controlled release fertilizers (CRFs, slow release) were applied to container-grown (7 gallon) live oak (Quercus virginiana) and Nutall oak (Quercus nuttallii) trees (100% Liquid feed, 0% CRF, 67% Liquid feed, 33% CRF, 33% Liquid feed, 67% CRF, 100% Liquid feed, 0% CRF). Live oak trees fertilized with CRFs had increased stem calipers (>30%). Nuttall stem caliper and height were significantly increased by …

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Yeast Crf1p: An Activator In Need Is An Activator Indeed, Sanjay Kumar Oct 2023

Yeast Crf1p: An Activator In Need Is An Activator Indeed, Sanjay Kumar

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Ribosome biogenesis is an energetically costly process, and tight regulation is required for stoichiometric balance between components. This requires coordination of RNA polymerases I, II, and III. Lack of nutrients or the presence of stress leads to downregulation of ribosome biogenesis, a process for which mechanistic target of rapamycin complex I (mTORC1) is key. mTORC1 activity is communicated by means of specific transcription factors, and in yeast, which is a primary model system in which transcriptional coordination has been delineated, transcription factors involved in regulation of ribosomal protein genes include Fhl1p and its cofactors, Ifh1p and Crf1p. Ifh1p is an …

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Integrated Pest Management And Behavior Of Stored Grain Beetles, Ethan Doherty Oct 2023

Integrated Pest Management And Behavior Of Stored Grain Beetles, Ethan Doherty

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, and the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, are two of the most destructive pests of stored rice. Their management has relied heavily upon fumigant insecticides. However, amid growing concerns that fumigant-resistant pests are becoming widespread, there is an urgent need for diversified management techniques and integrated pest management. Here, we explored management techniques and the behavior of these beetles. Host plant resistance toward both beetles was evaluated for 13 varieties of rice. We found large differences among varieties for both beetles in all resistance measures. We found that while nutritional components of a …

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Secondary Traumatic Stress And Other Contributors To Teacher Burnout And Attrition, Mary Snellings W. Inabnett Oct 2023

Secondary Traumatic Stress And Other Contributors To Teacher Burnout And Attrition, Mary Snellings W. Inabnett

LSU Master's Theses

Teachers are the most important factor in eliciting positive student outcomes. Yet, teacher attrition is an increasing problem, due to the demands of the profession. These demands are exacerbated in high-needs schools, which serve students who are exposed to higher levels of stress and trauma. It is understood that, because of the populations high-needs schools serve, teachers who work in these schools are exposed to secondary traumatic stress (STS) at higher rates than other teachers. What is less clear is if STS exposure contributes to teacher attrition, beyond other known factors. The current study surveyed 104 teachers from a school …

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Second International Consensus Report On Gaps And Opportunities For The Clinical Translation Of Precision Diabetes Medicine, Deirdre K. Tobias, Jordi Merino, Abrar Ahmad, Catherine Aiken, Jamie L. Benham, Dhanasekaran Bodhini, Amy L. Clark, Kevin Colclough, Rosa Corcoy, Sara J. Cromer, Daisy Duan, Jamie L. Felton, Ellen C. Francis, Pieter Gillard, Véronique Gingras, Romy Gaillard, Eram Haider, Alice Hughes, Jennifer M. Ikle, Laura M. Jacobsen, Anna R. Kahkoska, Jarno L.T. Kettunen, Raymond J. Kreienkamp, Lee Ling Lim, Jonna M.E. Männistö, Robert Massey, Niamh Maire Mclennan, Rachel G. Miller, Mario Luca Morieri, Jasper Most, Rochelle N. Naylor, Bige Ozkan, Kashyap Amratlal Patel, Scott J. Pilla Oct 2023

Second International Consensus Report On Gaps And Opportunities For The Clinical Translation Of Precision Diabetes Medicine, Deirdre K. Tobias, Jordi Merino, Abrar Ahmad, Catherine Aiken, Jamie L. Benham, Dhanasekaran Bodhini, Amy L. Clark, Kevin Colclough, Rosa Corcoy, Sara J. Cromer, Daisy Duan, Jamie L. Felton, Ellen C. Francis, Pieter Gillard, Véronique Gingras, Romy Gaillard, Eram Haider, Alice Hughes, Jennifer M. Ikle, Laura M. Jacobsen, Anna R. Kahkoska, Jarno L.T. Kettunen, Raymond J. Kreienkamp, Lee Ling Lim, Jonna M.E. Männistö, Robert Massey, Niamh Maire Mclennan, Rachel G. Miller, Mario Luca Morieri, Jasper Most, Rochelle N. Naylor, Bige Ozkan, Kashyap Amratlal Patel, Scott J. Pilla

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Precision medicine is part of the logical evolution of contemporary evidence-based medicine that seeks to reduce errors and optimize outcomes when making medical decisions and health recommendations. Diabetes affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, many of whom will develop life-threatening complications and die prematurely. Precision medicine can potentially address this enormous problem by accounting for heterogeneity in the etiology, clinical presentation and pathogenesis of common forms of diabetes and risks of complications. This second international consensus report on precision diabetes medicine summarizes the findings from a systematic evidence review across the key pillars of precision medicine (prevention, diagnosis, treatment, …

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Chemical Communication In Insects: New Advances In Integrated Pest Management Strategies, Angel Guerrero, Gadi V.P. Reddy Oct 2023

Chemical Communication In Insects: New Advances In Integrated Pest Management Strategies, Angel Guerrero, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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"Weight Loss Is My Goal And Being Healthy Is My Goal. I Can Get Over The Hot Flashes": A Qualitative Exploration Of Menopausal Transition Experiences And Preferences For Weight Management Among White Women, Chelsea L. Kracht, Jessica St. Romain, Julie C. Hardee, Nanette Santoro, Leanne M. Redman, Kara L. Marlatt Oct 2023

"Weight Loss Is My Goal And Being Healthy Is My Goal. I Can Get Over The Hot Flashes": A Qualitative Exploration Of Menopausal Transition Experiences And Preferences For Weight Management Among White Women, Chelsea L. Kracht, Jessica St. Romain, Julie C. Hardee, Nanette Santoro, Leanne M. Redman, Kara L. Marlatt

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objectives A qualitative research study design was used to (1) describe experiences of White women during the menopausal transition, and (2) identify barriers and facilitators for participating in a lifestyle program targeting weight management. Methods Perimenopausal and postmenopausal White women who self-reported a desire to lose or maintain weight participated in focus groups. Women were queried about their past diet, exercise, and weight management practices; menopausal transition; and specific components and considerations for developing a lifestyle program for weight management. Thematic analysis was conducted on coded transcripts and four main themes emerged, each containing three to six subthemes. Results Twenty-eight …

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Genetic Deletion Of Dnajb3 Using Crispr-Cas9, Produced Discordant Phenotypes, Shadi Nejat, Kalhara R. Menikdiwela, Aliyah Efotte, Shane Scoggin, Bolormaa Vandanmagsar, Paul J. Thornalley, Mohammed Dehbi, Naima Moustaid-Moussa Oct 2023

Genetic Deletion Of Dnajb3 Using Crispr-Cas9, Produced Discordant Phenotypes, Shadi Nejat, Kalhara R. Menikdiwela, Aliyah Efotte, Shane Scoggin, Bolormaa Vandanmagsar, Paul J. Thornalley, Mohammed Dehbi, Naima Moustaid-Moussa

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Several pathways and/or genes have been shown to be dysregulated in obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We previously showed, for the first time, impaired expression of DNAJB3 mRNA and protein in subjects with obesity, which was concomitant with increased metabolic stress. Restoring the normal expression of DNAJB3 attenuated metabolic stress and improved insulin signaling both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a protective role of DNAJB3 against obesity and T2D. The precise underlying mechanisms remained, however, unclear. This study was designed to confirm the human studies in a mouse model of dietary obesity-induced insulin resistance, and, …

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Soluble Rage And Skeletal Muscle Tissue Rage Expression Profiles In Lean And Obese Young Adults Across Differential Aerobic Exercise Intensities, Edwin R. Miranda, Jacob T. Mey, Brian K. Blackburn, Alec B. Chaves, Kelly N.Z. Fuller, Ryan K. Perkins, Andrew T. Ludlow, Jacob M. Haus Oct 2023

Soluble Rage And Skeletal Muscle Tissue Rage Expression Profiles In Lean And Obese Young Adults Across Differential Aerobic Exercise Intensities, Edwin R. Miranda, Jacob T. Mey, Brian K. Blackburn, Alec B. Chaves, Kelly N.Z. Fuller, Ryan K. Perkins, Andrew T. Ludlow, Jacob M. Haus

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Nearly 40% of Americans have obesity and are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is responsible for >80% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake that is attenuated by the inflammatory milieu of obesity and augmented by aerobic exercise. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is an inflammatory receptor directly linking metabolic dysfunction with inflammation. Circulating soluble isoforms of RAGE (sRAGE) formed either by proteolytic cleavage (cRAGE) or alternative splicing (esRAGE) act as decoys for RAGE ligands, thereby counteracting RAGE-mediated inflammation. We aimed to determine if RAGE expression or alternative splicing of RAGE is altered by obesity in …

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Recommendations From The 2023 International Evidence-Based Guideline For The Assessment And Management Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Helena J. Teede, Chau Thien Tay, Joop Laven, Anuja Dokras, Lisa J. Moran, Terhi T. Piltonen, Michael F. Costello, Jacky Boivin, Leanne M. Redman, Jacqueline A. Boyle, Robert J. Norman, Aya Mousa, Anju E. Joham, Wiebke Arlt, Ricardo Azziz, Adam Balen, Lisa Bedson, Lorna Berry, Leah Brennan, Wendy Brown, Tania Burgert, Maureen Busby, Carolyn Ee, Rhonda M. Garad, Melanie Gibson-Helm, Cheryce Harrison, Roger Hart, Kim Hopkins, Angelica Lindén Hirschberg, Tuong Ho, Kathleen Hoeger, Cailin Jordan, Richard S. Legro, Rong Li Oct 2023

Recommendations From The 2023 International Evidence-Based Guideline For The Assessment And Management Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Helena J. Teede, Chau Thien Tay, Joop Laven, Anuja Dokras, Lisa J. Moran, Terhi T. Piltonen, Michael F. Costello, Jacky Boivin, Leanne M. Redman, Jacqueline A. Boyle, Robert J. Norman, Aya Mousa, Anju E. Joham, Wiebke Arlt, Ricardo Azziz, Adam Balen, Lisa Bedson, Lorna Berry, Leah Brennan, Wendy Brown, Tania Burgert, Maureen Busby, Carolyn Ee, Rhonda M. Garad, Melanie Gibson-Helm, Cheryce Harrison, Roger Hart, Kim Hopkins, Angelica Lindén Hirschberg, Tuong Ho, Kathleen Hoeger, Cailin Jordan, Richard S. Legro, Rong Li

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

STUDY QUESTION: What is the recommended assessment and management of those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), based on the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and consumer preference? SUMMARY ANSWER: International evidence-based guidelines address prioritized questions and outcomes and include 254 recommendations and practice points, to promote consistent, evidence-based care and improve the experience and health outcomes in PCOS. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The 2018 International PCOS Guideline was independently evaluated as high quality and integrated multidisciplinary and consumer perspectives from six continents; it is now used in 196 countries and is widely cited. It was based on best available, but …

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Recruitment Methods And Yield Rates For A Multisite Clinical Trial Exploring Risk Reduction For Alzheimer's Disease (Rrad), Amanda N. Szabo-Reed, Tristyn Hall, Eric D. Vidoni, Angela Van Sciver, Monica Sewell, Jeffrey M. Burns, C. Munro Cullum, William P. Gahan, Linda S. Hynan, Diana R. Kerwin, Heidi Rossetti, Ann M. Stowe, Wanpen Vongpatanasin, David C. Zhu, Rong Zhang, Jeffrey N. Keller, Ellen F. Binder Oct 2023

Recruitment Methods And Yield Rates For A Multisite Clinical Trial Exploring Risk Reduction For Alzheimer's Disease (Rrad), Amanda N. Szabo-Reed, Tristyn Hall, Eric D. Vidoni, Angela Van Sciver, Monica Sewell, Jeffrey M. Burns, C. Munro Cullum, William P. Gahan, Linda S. Hynan, Diana R. Kerwin, Heidi Rossetti, Ann M. Stowe, Wanpen Vongpatanasin, David C. Zhu, Rong Zhang, Jeffrey N. Keller, Ellen F. Binder

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: The risk reduction for Alzheimer's disease (rrAD) trial was a multisite clinical trial to assess exercise and intensive vascular pharmacological treatment on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: Eligibility, consent, and randomization rates across different referral sources were compared. Informal interviews conducted with each site's project team were conducted upon study completion. RESULTS: Initially, 3290 individuals were screened, of whom 28% were eligible to consent, 805 consented to participate (87.2% of those eligible), and 513 (36.3% of those consented) were randomized. Emails sent from study site listservs/databases yielded the highest amount (20.9%) …

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Impact Of A Nutrient Formulation On Longitudinal Myelination, Cognition, And Behavior From Birth To 2 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Nora Schneider, Mickaël Hartweg, Jonathan O’Regan, Jennifer Beauchemin, Leanne Redman, Daniel S. Hsia, Pascal Steiner, Owen Carmichael, Viren D’Sa, Sean Deoni Oct 2023

Impact Of A Nutrient Formulation On Longitudinal Myelination, Cognition, And Behavior From Birth To 2 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Nora Schneider, Mickaël Hartweg, Jonathan O’Regan, Jennifer Beauchemin, Leanne Redman, Daniel S. Hsia, Pascal Steiner, Owen Carmichael, Viren D’Sa, Sean Deoni

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Observation studies suggest differences in myelination in relation to differences in early life nutrition. This two-center randomized controlled trial investigates the effect of a 12-month nutritional intervention on longitudinal changes in myelination, cognition, and behavior. Eighty-one full-term, neurotypical infants were randomized into an investigational (N = 42) or a control group (N = 39), receiving higher versus lower levels of a blend of nutrients. Non-randomized breastfed infants (N = 108) served as a reference group. Main outcomes were myelination (MRI), neurodevelopment (Bayley-III), social-emotional development (ASQ:SE-2), infant and toddler behavior (IBQ-R and TBAQ), and infant sleep (BISQ) during the first 2 …

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Toward Food Security In 2050: Gene Pyramiding For Climate-Smart Rice, Isnaini Isnaini, Yudhistira Nugraha, Niranjan Baisakh, Nono Carsono Oct 2023

Toward Food Security In 2050: Gene Pyramiding For Climate-Smart Rice, Isnaini Isnaini, Yudhistira Nugraha, Niranjan Baisakh, Nono Carsono

Faculty Publications

The decline in crop productivity due to climate change is a major issue that threatens global food security and is the main challenge for breeders today in developing sustainable varieties with a wider tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Breeding climate-smart rice (CSR) cultivars may be the best adaptation to climate change, with the potential to improve future food security and profitability for farmers in many nations. The main objective of this review is to highlight the direction of development of superior rice breeding from time to time, and various studies of new techniques of breeding methods for pyramiding various …

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Responses Of Phytoplankton Communities To Internal Waves In Oligotrophic Oceans, Lingqi Ma, Xiaolin Bai, Edward A. Laws, Wupeng Xiao, Cui Guo, Xin Liu, Kuo Ping Chiang, Kunshan Gao, Bangqin Huang Oct 2023

Responses Of Phytoplankton Communities To Internal Waves In Oligotrophic Oceans, Lingqi Ma, Xiaolin Bai, Edward A. Laws, Wupeng Xiao, Cui Guo, Xin Liu, Kuo Ping Chiang, Kunshan Gao, Bangqin Huang

Faculty Publications

Understanding the potential impacts of internal waves on phytoplankton communities in oligotrophic oceans remains an important research challenge. In this study, we elucidated the impact of internal waves on phytoplankton communities through a comprehensive 154-hr time-series of observations in the South China Sea (SCS). We identified distinctive variations in phytoplankton pigment biomass and composition across the upper, middle, and lower layers of the euphotic zone, which we attributed to the perturbations triggered by internal waves. Phytoplankton other than Prochlorococcus in the lower, nutrient-replete layer likely benefitted from allochthonous nutrients introduced by internal waves, but their growth rates were constrained by …

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Greater Male Variability In Daily Energy Expenditure Develops Through Puberty, Lewis G. Halsey, Vincent Careau, Philip N. Ainslie, Heliodoro Alemán-Mateo, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Leonore Arab, Issad Baddou, Linda Bandini, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E. Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Carlijn V.C. Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Soren Brage, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy Butte, Stephan G. Camps, Regian Casper, Graeme L. Close, Lisa H. Colbert, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Prasangi Dabare, Sai Krupa Das, Peter S.W. Davies, Sanjoy Deb, Christine Delisle Nyström, William Dietz, Lara R. Dugas, Simon Eaton, Ulf Ekelund Sep 2023

Greater Male Variability In Daily Energy Expenditure Develops Through Puberty, Lewis G. Halsey, Vincent Careau, Philip N. Ainslie, Heliodoro Alemán-Mateo, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Leonore Arab, Issad Baddou, Linda Bandini, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E. Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Carlijn V.C. Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Soren Brage, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy Butte, Stephan G. Camps, Regian Casper, Graeme L. Close, Lisa H. Colbert, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Prasangi Dabare, Sai Krupa Das, Peter S.W. Davies, Sanjoy Deb, Christine Delisle Nyström, William Dietz, Lara R. Dugas, Simon Eaton, Ulf Ekelund

Faculty Publications

There is considerably greater variation in metabolic rates between men than between women, in terms of basal, activity and total (daily) energy expenditure (EE). One possible explanation is that EE is associated with male sexual characteristics (which are known to vary more than other traits) such as musculature and athletic capacity. Such traits might be predicted to be most prominent during periods of adolescence and young adulthood, when sexual behaviour develops and peaks. We tested this hypothesis on a large dataset by comparing the amount of male variation and female variation in total EE, activity EE and basal EE, at …

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Serum Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids And Risk Of Maternal Gestational Diabetes And Adverse Growth Patterns In Offspring, Ninghua Li, Jing Li, Hui Wang, Yijuan Qiao, Weiqin Li, Ming Gao, Enqing Liu, Zhijie Yu, Gang Hu, Zhongze Fang, Junhong Leng, Xilin Yang Sep 2023

Serum Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids And Risk Of Maternal Gestational Diabetes And Adverse Growth Patterns In Offspring, Ninghua Li, Jing Li, Hui Wang, Yijuan Qiao, Weiqin Li, Ming Gao, Enqing Liu, Zhijie Yu, Gang Hu, Zhongze Fang, Junhong Leng, Xilin Yang

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: To estimate associations of sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) in the early trimester of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and estimate associations of maternal SAAs with adverse growth patterns in offspring. Methods: We established a 1:1 matched case-control study (n = 486) from our cohort of pregnant women, and 401 children were followed up at ages 1 to 8 years. We conducted binary conditional logistic regression to estimate the risk associations of serum SAAs with GDM. Multinomial logistic regression was implemented to explore associations of maternal SAAs with adverse growth patterns in the offspring. Results: High serum methionine and …

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New Frontiers In The Measurement Of Energy Metabolism, Alexandra Niclou, Philippe St-Martin, Leanne M. Redman, Audrey Bergouignan Sep 2023

New Frontiers In The Measurement Of Energy Metabolism, Alexandra Niclou, Philippe St-Martin, Leanne M. Redman, Audrey Bergouignan

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

This perspective highlights three key areas of current and future energy metabolism research: intergenerational health, climate change, and interplanetary exploration. We describe the recent advances in determining estimated energy requirements for a large subset of the general population using the gold standard method for free-living total daily energy expenditure estimates, the doubly labeled water method. The global rise in overweight and obesity demands particular attention to energy requirements in pregnancy and early life, as accumulating evidence contributes to our understanding of intergenerational health transmission and the potential for epigenetic programming in utero. We also acknowledge some gaps in necessary guidelines …

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Exercise-Induced Changes To The Fiber Type-Specific Redox State In Human Skeletal Muscle Are Associated With Aerobic Capacity, James Shadiow, Edwin R. Miranda, Ryan K. Perkins, Corey E. Mazo, Zhen Lin, Kendell N. Lewis, Jacob T. Mey, Thomas P.J. Solomon, Jacob M. Haus Sep 2023

Exercise-Induced Changes To The Fiber Type-Specific Redox State In Human Skeletal Muscle Are Associated With Aerobic Capacity, James Shadiow, Edwin R. Miranda, Ryan K. Perkins, Corey E. Mazo, Zhen Lin, Kendell N. Lewis, Jacob T. Mey, Thomas P.J. Solomon, Jacob M. Haus

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

The benefits of exercise involve skeletal muscle redox state alterations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). We determined the fiber-specific effects of acute exercise on the skeletal muscle redox state in healthy adults. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 19 participants (11 M, 8 F; 26 ± 4 yr) at baseline (fasted) and 30 min and 3 h after treadmill exercise at 80% maximal oxygen consumption (V O2max). Muscle samples were probed for autofluorescence of NADH (excitation at 340-360 nm) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp; excitation at 440-470 nm) and subsequently, fiber typed to quantify the redox signatures …

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Guidelines For Parenteral Nutrition In Preterm Infants: The American Society For Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition, Daniel T. Robinson, Kara L. Calkins, Yimin Chen, M. Petrea Cober, Gustave H. Falciglia, David D. Church, Jacob Mey, Liam Mckeever, Timothy Sentongo Sep 2023

Guidelines For Parenteral Nutrition In Preterm Infants: The American Society For Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition, Daniel T. Robinson, Kara L. Calkins, Yimin Chen, M. Petrea Cober, Gustave H. Falciglia, David D. Church, Jacob Mey, Liam Mckeever, Timothy Sentongo

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is prescribed for preterm infants until nutrition needs are met via the enteral route, but unanswered questions remain regarding PN best practices in this population. Methods: An interdisciplinary committee was assembled to answer 12 questions concerning the provision of PN to preterm infants. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) process was used. Questions addressed parenteral macronutrient doses, lipid injectable emulsion (ILE) composition, and clinically relevant outcomes, including PNALD, early childhood growth, and neurodevelopment. Preterm infants with congenital gastrointestinal disorders or infants already diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis or PN-associated liver disease (PNALD) at study …

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Reduced Postabsorptive Interoception Of Nutrients In Obesity: Cause Or Consequence?, Hans Rudolf Berthoud Sep 2023

Reduced Postabsorptive Interoception Of Nutrients In Obesity: Cause Or Consequence?, Hans Rudolf Berthoud

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Initial Weight Loss And Early Intervention Adherence Predict Long-Term Weight Loss During The Promoting Successful Weight Loss In Primary Care In Louisiana Lifestyle Intervention, Christoph Höchsmann, Corby K. Martin, John W. Apolzan, James L. Dorling, Robert L. Newton, Kara D. Denstel, Emily F. Mire, William D. Johnson, Dachuan Zhang, Connie L. Arnold, Terry C. Davis, Vivian Fonseca, Tina K. Thethi, Carl J. Lavie, Benjamin Springgate, Peter T. Katzmarzyk Sep 2023

Initial Weight Loss And Early Intervention Adherence Predict Long-Term Weight Loss During The Promoting Successful Weight Loss In Primary Care In Louisiana Lifestyle Intervention, Christoph Höchsmann, Corby K. Martin, John W. Apolzan, James L. Dorling, Robert L. Newton, Kara D. Denstel, Emily F. Mire, William D. Johnson, Dachuan Zhang, Connie L. Arnold, Terry C. Davis, Vivian Fonseca, Tina K. Thethi, Carl J. Lavie, Benjamin Springgate, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objective: This study tested whether initial weight change (WC), self-weighing, and adherence to the expected WC trajectory predict longer-term WC in an underserved primary-care population with obesity. Methods: Data from the intervention group (n = 452; 88% women; 74% Black; BMI 37.3 kg/m2 [SD: 4.6]) of the Promoting Successful Weight Loss in Primary Care in Louisiana trial were analyzed. Initial (2-, 4-, and 8-week) percentage WC was calculated from baseline clinic weights and daily at-home weights. Weights were considered adherent if they were on the expected WC trajectory (10% at 6 months with lower [7.5%] and upper [12.5%] bounds). Linear …

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The Type 1 Diabetes And Exercise Initiative: Predicting Hypoglycemia Risk During Exercise For Participants With Type 1 Diabetes Using Repeated Measures Random Forest, Simon Bergford, Michael C. Riddell, Peter G. Jacobs, Zoey Li, Robin L. Gal, Mark A. Clements, Francis J. Doyle, Corby K. Martin, Susana R. Patton, Jessica R. Castle, Melanie B. Gillingham, Roy W. Beck, Michael R. Rickels, Peter Calhoun Sep 2023

The Type 1 Diabetes And Exercise Initiative: Predicting Hypoglycemia Risk During Exercise For Participants With Type 1 Diabetes Using Repeated Measures Random Forest, Simon Bergford, Michael C. Riddell, Peter G. Jacobs, Zoey Li, Robin L. Gal, Mark A. Clements, Francis J. Doyle, Corby K. Martin, Susana R. Patton, Jessica R. Castle, Melanie B. Gillingham, Roy W. Beck, Michael R. Rickels, Peter Calhoun

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objective: Exercise is known to increase the risk for hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes (T1D) but predicting when it may occur remains a major challenge. The objective of this study was to develop a hypoglycemia prediction model based on a large real-world study of exercise in T1D. Research Design and Methods: Structured study-specified exercise (aerobic, interval, and resistance training videos) and free-living exercise sessions from the T1D Exercise Initiative study were used to build a model for predicting hypoglycemia, a continuous glucose monitoring value < 70 mg/dL, during exercise. Repeated measures random forest (RMRF) and repeated measures logistic regression (RMLR) models were constructed to predict hypoglycemia using predictors at the start of exercise and baseline characteristics. Models were evaluated with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and balanced accuracy. Results: RMRF and RMLR had similar AUC (0.833 vs. 0.825, respectively) and both models had a balanced accuracy of 77%. The probability of hypoglycemia was higher for exercise sessions with lower pre-exercise glucose levels, negative pre-exercise glucose rates of change, greater percent time < 70 mg/dL in the 24 h before exercise, and greater pre-exercise bolus insulin-on-board (IOB). Free-living aerobic exercises, walking/hiking, and physical labor had the highest probability of hypoglycemia, while structured exercises had the lowest probability of hypoglycemia. Conclusions: RMRF and RMLR accurately predict hypoglycemia during exercise and identify factors that increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Lower glucose, decreasing levels of glucose before exercise, and greater pre-exercise IOB largely predict hypoglycemia risk in adults with T1D.

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Sarcopenic Obesity: Emerging Mechanisms And Therapeutic Potential, Christopher L. Axelrod, Wagner S. Dantas, John P. Kirwan Sep 2023

Sarcopenic Obesity: Emerging Mechanisms And Therapeutic Potential, Christopher L. Axelrod, Wagner S. Dantas, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Sarcopenic obesity, or the loss of muscle mass and function associated with excess adiposity, is a largely untreatable medical condition associated with diminished quality of life and increased risk of mortality. To date, it remains somewhat paradoxical and mechanistically undefined as to why a subset of adults with obesity develop muscular decline, an anabolic stimulus generally associated with retention of lean mass. Here, we review evidence surrounding the definition, etiology, and treatment of sarcopenic obesity with an emphasis on emerging regulatory nodes with therapeutic potential. We review the available clinical evidence largely focused on diet, lifestyle, and behavioral interventions to …

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Global Rural Health Disparities In Alzheimer's Disease And Related Dementias: State Of The Science, Lisa Ann Kirk Wiese, Allison Gibson, Marc Aaron Guest, Amy R. Nelson, Raven Weaver, Aditi Gupta, Owen Carmichael, Jordan P. Lewis, Allison Lindauer, Samantha Loi, Rachel Peterson, Kylie Radford, Elizabeth K. Rhodus, Christina G. Wong, Megan Zuelsdorff, Ladan Ghazi Saidi, Esmeralda Valdivieso-Mora, Sanne Franzen, Caitlin N. Pope, Timothy S. Killian, Hom L. Shrestha, Patricia C. Heyn, Ted Kheng Siang Ng, Beth Prusaczyk, Samantha John, Ambar Kulshreshtha, Julia L. Sheffler, Lilah Besser, Valerie Daniel, Magdalena I. Tolea, Justin Miller, Christine Musyimi, Jon Corkey, Veronica Yank Sep 2023

Global Rural Health Disparities In Alzheimer's Disease And Related Dementias: State Of The Science, Lisa Ann Kirk Wiese, Allison Gibson, Marc Aaron Guest, Amy R. Nelson, Raven Weaver, Aditi Gupta, Owen Carmichael, Jordan P. Lewis, Allison Lindauer, Samantha Loi, Rachel Peterson, Kylie Radford, Elizabeth K. Rhodus, Christina G. Wong, Megan Zuelsdorff, Ladan Ghazi Saidi, Esmeralda Valdivieso-Mora, Sanne Franzen, Caitlin N. Pope, Timothy S. Killian, Hom L. Shrestha, Patricia C. Heyn, Ted Kheng Siang Ng, Beth Prusaczyk, Samantha John, Ambar Kulshreshtha, Julia L. Sheffler, Lilah Besser, Valerie Daniel, Magdalena I. Tolea, Justin Miller, Christine Musyimi, Jon Corkey, Veronica Yank

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Individuals living in rural communities are at heightened risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), which parallels other persistent place-based health disparities. Identifying multiple potentially modifiable risk factors specific to rural areas that contribute to ADRD is an essential first step in understanding the complex interplay between various barriers and facilitators. METHODS: An interdisciplinary, international group of ADRD researchers convened to address the overarching question of: “What can be done to begin minimizing the rural health disparities that contribute uniquely to ADRD?” In this state of the science appraisal, we explore what is known about the biological, behavioral, …

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Probiotic Characteristics Of Streptococcus Thermophilus And Lactobacillus Bulgaricus As Influenced By New Food Sources, Ashly Castro, Ricardo S. Aleman, Miguel Tabora, Shirin Kazemzadeh, Leyla K. Pournaki, Roberto Cedillos, Jhunior Marcia, Kayanush Aryana Sep 2023

Probiotic Characteristics Of Streptococcus Thermophilus And Lactobacillus Bulgaricus As Influenced By New Food Sources, Ashly Castro, Ricardo S. Aleman, Miguel Tabora, Shirin Kazemzadeh, Leyla K. Pournaki, Roberto Cedillos, Jhunior Marcia, Kayanush Aryana

Faculty Publications

The current research aimed to evaluate the potential effects of Solanum mammosum, Dioon mejiae, and Amanita caesarea on Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus survival and performance after exposure to different harsh conditions such as bile, acid, gastric juice, and lysozyme to mimic the digestive system from mouth to the intestine. Probiotic protease activity was observed to evaluate the proteolytic system. Probiotics were cultured in a broth mixed with plant material, and after incubation, the results were compared to the control sample. Therefore, plant material’s total phenolic compound, total carotenoid compound, antioxidant activity, sugar profile, and acid profile were …

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Effects Of Weevil (Rhynchophorus Palmarum), Teosinte (Dioon Mejiae) And Caesar’S Mushroom (Amanita Caesarea) On The Properties Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus La-K, Ricardo S. Aleman, Dany Avila, Allan Avila, Jhunior Marcia, David Picha, Kayanush Aryana, Ismael Montero-Fernández Sep 2023

Effects Of Weevil (Rhynchophorus Palmarum), Teosinte (Dioon Mejiae) And Caesar’S Mushroom (Amanita Caesarea) On The Properties Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus La-K, Ricardo S. Aleman, Dany Avila, Allan Avila, Jhunior Marcia, David Picha, Kayanush Aryana, Ismael Montero-Fernández

Faculty Publications

Weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) powder, teosinte (Dioon mejiae) and Caesar’s mushroom (Amanita caesarea) flour have bioactive compounds with significant nutritional applications. This paper aimed to examine the influence of weevil, teosinte, and mushroom powders on the protease activity, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, lysozyme tolerance, and gastric juice resistance ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K. Acid tolerance was determined by adjusting the pH of MRS broth to 2.0 for L. acidophilus incubated under aerobic conditions at 37 °C. Bile tolerance was determined by incorporating 0.3% of oxgall. Protease activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. Resistance to 100 mg/L of lysozyme in an …

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The Impact Of Physical Exercise On Health-Related Quality Of Life In Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ayokunle T. Abegunde, Daniela Goyes, Umer Farooq, Amy H. Luke, Elizabeth Huggins, Richard S. Cooper, Lara R. Dugas Aug 2023

The Impact Of Physical Exercise On Health-Related Quality Of Life In Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ayokunle T. Abegunde, Daniela Goyes, Umer Farooq, Amy H. Luke, Elizabeth Huggins, Richard S. Cooper, Lara R. Dugas

Faculty Publications

Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. Primary objective: to determine the effect of structured physical activity and exercise therapy compared to placebo or normal physical activity on HRQOL of people with IBD (UC, CD, IBDU). Secondary objective: to evaluate the impact of these physical activity interventions on maintenance of remission and fatigue.

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Measurement Invariance And The Influence Of Psychosocial Factors In Reporting Subjective Cognition Across Race/Ethnicity, Erika A. Pugh Aug 2023

Measurement Invariance And The Influence Of Psychosocial Factors In Reporting Subjective Cognition Across Race/Ethnicity, Erika A. Pugh

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The detection of cognitive decline is crucial for early intervention and management. However, there is a lack of research on detecting early cognitive decline and measuring bias in instruments among African Americans (AAs), who are at a heightened risk for dementia development. Additionally, the impact of psychosocial factors on perceived cognitive efficacy in this population is not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to assess measurement bias in a measure of subjective memory concerns (SMC) among older AA adults, examine ethnoracial differences in the relationship between mood-related factors and SMC, and explore the impact of psychosocial variables on the report …

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Black Experiences With Community Gardening In Southeast Louisiana, Kiarah Craft Aug 2023

Black Experiences With Community Gardening In Southeast Louisiana, Kiarah Craft

LSU Master's Theses

Community gardens have been rising in popularity over the past few years (Mayers, 2023). In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many people across the United States have decided that it is crucial to grow their own food and develop sustainability within their community. Historically, Black communities have been underserved and ignored, especially in relation to food security and community safety (White, 2019, Penniman, 2018). The purpose of this study was to collect information about the effects of community-based gardening programs on Black people in Southeast Louisiana. Additionally, the researcher would like to gain knowledge regarding the reasons that Black people …

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The Vagus Nerve Mediates Gut-Brain Response To Duodenal Nutrient Administration, Robert C. Ross, Yanlin He, R. Leigh Townsend, Philip R. Schauer, Hans Rudolph Berthoud, Christopher D. Morrison, Vance L. Albaugh Aug 2023

The Vagus Nerve Mediates Gut-Brain Response To Duodenal Nutrient Administration, Robert C. Ross, Yanlin He, R. Leigh Townsend, Philip R. Schauer, Hans Rudolph Berthoud, Christopher D. Morrison, Vance L. Albaugh

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Background: Obesity contributes significant disease burden worldwide, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. While bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable obesity treatment, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unknown. Although neuro-hormonal mechanisms have been suspected to mediate at least some of the gut-brain axis changes following bariatric surgery, studies examining the intestine and its regionally specific post-gastric alterations to these signals remain unclear. Materials and methods: Vagus nerve recording was performed following the implantation of duodenal feeding tubes in mice. Testing conditions and measurements were made under anesthesia during baseline, nutrient or vehicle solution delivery, and post-delivery. Solutions …

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