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Amplifying Support For Physical Activity: The National Strategy On Hunger, Nutrition, And Health, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, John M. Jakicic, Russell R. Pate, Katrina L. Piercy, Laurie P. Whitsel Dec 2023

Amplifying Support For Physical Activity: The National Strategy On Hunger, Nutrition, And Health, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, John M. Jakicic, Russell R. Pate, Katrina L. Piercy, Laurie P. Whitsel

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Adherence To Recess Guidelines In The United States Using Nationally Representative Data: Implications For Future Surveillance Efforts, Kimberly A. Clevenger, Genevieve F. Dunton, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Karin A. Pfeiffer, David Berrigan Dec 2023

Adherence To Recess Guidelines In The United States Using Nationally Representative Data: Implications For Future Surveillance Efforts, Kimberly A. Clevenger, Genevieve F. Dunton, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Karin A. Pfeiffer, David Berrigan

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: National adherence to the recess recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has not been comprehensively studied in the United States. METHODS: Data from 6 nationally representative data sets over the last decade (Classification of Laws Associated with School Students, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Youth Fitness Survey, School Health Policies and Practices Survey, and the School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study) provided estimates for adherence to CDC recess guidelines. RESULTS: While approximately 65-80% of elementary school-children receive the recommended 20+ minutes of daily recess according to parent-, principal-, and …

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Ketogenic Propensity Is Differentially Related To Lipid-Induced Hepatic And Peripheral Insulin Resistance, J. T. Mey, B. Vandagmansar, W. S. Dantas, K. P. Belmont, C. L. Axelrod, J. P. Kirwan Dec 2023

Ketogenic Propensity Is Differentially Related To Lipid-Induced Hepatic And Peripheral Insulin Resistance, J. T. Mey, B. Vandagmansar, W. S. Dantas, K. P. Belmont, C. L. Axelrod, J. P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Aim: Determine the ketogenic response (β-hydroxybutyrate, a surrogate of hepatic ketogenesis) to a controlled lipid overload in humans. Methods: In total, nineteen young, healthy adults (age: 28.4 ± 1.7 years; BMI: 22.7 ± 0.3 kg/m2) received either a 12 h overnight lipid infusion or saline in a randomized, crossover design. Plasma ketones and inflammatory markers were quantified by colorimetric and multiplex assays. Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity was assessed by the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained to quantify gene expression related to ketone body metabolism and inflammation. Results: By design, the lipid overload-induced hepatic (50%, p < 0.001) and peripheral insulin resistance (73%, p < 0.01) in healthy adults. Ketones increased with hyperlipidemia and were subsequently reduced with hyperinsulinemia during the clamp procedure (Saline: Basal = 0.22 mM, Insulin = 0.07 mM; Lipid: Basal = 0.78 mM, Insulin = 0.51 mM; 2-way ANOVA: Lipid p < 0.001, Insulin p < 0.001, Interaction p = 0.07). In the saline control condition, ketones did not correlate with hepatic or peripheral insulin sensitivity. Conversely, in the lipid condition, ketones were positively correlated with hepatic insulin sensitivity (r = 0.59, p < 0.01), but inversely related to peripheral insulin sensitivity (r = −0.64, p < 0.01). Hyperlipidemia increased plasma inflammatory markers, but did not impact skeletal muscle inflammatory gene expression. Gene expression related to ketone and fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle increased in response to hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: This work provides important insight into the role of ketones in human health and suggests that ketone body metabolism is altered at the onset of lipid-induced insulin resistance.

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Weight-Independent Effects Of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery On Remission Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Mice, Christopher L. Axelrod, Ingeborg Langohr, Wagner S. Dantas, Elizabeth C. Heintz, Bolormaa Vandanmagsar, Shengping Yang, Elizabeth R.M. Zunica, R. Leigh Townsend, Vance L. Albaugh, Hans Rudolf Berthoud, John P. Kirwan Dec 2023

Weight-Independent Effects Of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery On Remission Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Mice, Christopher L. Axelrod, Ingeborg Langohr, Wagner S. Dantas, Elizabeth C. Heintz, Bolormaa Vandanmagsar, Shengping Yang, Elizabeth R.M. Zunica, R. Leigh Townsend, Vance L. Albaugh, Hans Rudolf Berthoud, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Objective: Obesity is a driver of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and interventions that decrease body weight, such as bariatric surgery and/or calorie restriction (CR), may serve as effective therapies. This study compared the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) and CR on hepatic function in mice with obesity and NAFLD. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet to promote obesity. At 16 weeks of age, mice were randomized to sham surgery (sham), RYGB, or CR weight matched to RYGB (WM). Body weight/composition, food intake, and energy expenditure (EE) were measured throughout treatment. Liver histopathology was evaluated from …

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Genotype-Stratified Treatment For Monogenic Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review, Robert K. Semple, Kashyap A. Patel, Sungyoung Auh, Paul W. Franks, Stephen S. Rich, Robert Wagner, Tina Vilsbøll, Kimberly K. Vesco, Miriam S. Udler, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Arianne Sweeting, Emily K. Sims, Jennifer L. Sherr, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Maria J. Redondo, Leanne M. Redman, Richard E. Pratley, Rodica Pop-Busui, Toni I. Pollin, Wei Perng, Ewan R. Pearson, Susan E. Ozanne, Katharine R. Owen, Richard Oram, Rinki Murphy, Viswanathan Mohan, Shivani Misra, James B. Meigs, Nestoras Mathioudakis, Chantal Mathieu, Ronald C.W. Ma, Ruth J.F. Loos, Siew S. Lim, Lori M. Laffel Dec 2023

Genotype-Stratified Treatment For Monogenic Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review, Robert K. Semple, Kashyap A. Patel, Sungyoung Auh, Paul W. Franks, Stephen S. Rich, Robert Wagner, Tina Vilsbøll, Kimberly K. Vesco, Miriam S. Udler, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Arianne Sweeting, Emily K. Sims, Jennifer L. Sherr, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Maria J. Redondo, Leanne M. Redman, Richard E. Pratley, Rodica Pop-Busui, Toni I. Pollin, Wei Perng, Ewan R. Pearson, Susan E. Ozanne, Katharine R. Owen, Richard Oram, Rinki Murphy, Viswanathan Mohan, Shivani Misra, James B. Meigs, Nestoras Mathioudakis, Chantal Mathieu, Ronald C.W. Ma, Ruth J.F. Loos, Siew S. Lim, Lori M. Laffel

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Monogenic insulin resistance (IR) includes lipodystrophy and disorders of insulin signalling. We sought to assess the effects of interventions in monogenic IR, stratified by genetic aetiology. Methods: Systematic review using PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase (1 January 1987 to 23 June 2021). Studies reporting individual-level effects of pharmacologic and/or surgical interventions in monogenic IR were eligible. Individual data were extracted and duplicates were removed. Outcomes were analysed for each gene and intervention, and in aggregate for partial, generalised and all lipodystrophy. Results: 10 non-randomised experimental studies, 8 case series, and 23 case reports meet inclusion criteria, all rated as having …

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Participant Characteristics In The Prevention Of Gestational Diabetes As Evidence For Precision Medicine: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Siew Lim, Siew Lim, Wubet Worku Takele, Kimberly K. Vesco, Leanne M. Redman, Wesley Hannah, Wesley Hannah, Maxine P. Bonham, Mingling Chen, Sian C. Chivers, Andrea J. Fawcett, Andrea J. Fawcett, Jessica A. Grieger, Nahal Habibi, Gloria K.W. Leung, Kai Liu, Eskedar Getie Mekonnen, Maleesa Pathirana, Alejandra Quinteros, Rachael Taylor, Gebresilasea G. Ukke, Gebresilasea G. Ukke, Shao J. Zhou, Paul W. Franks, Stephen S. Rich, Robert Wagner, Tina Vilsbøll, Miriam S. Udler, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Arianne Sweeting, Emily K. Sims, Jennifer L. Sherr, Robert K. Semple, Rebecca M. Reynolds Dec 2023

Participant Characteristics In The Prevention Of Gestational Diabetes As Evidence For Precision Medicine: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Siew Lim, Siew Lim, Wubet Worku Takele, Kimberly K. Vesco, Leanne M. Redman, Wesley Hannah, Wesley Hannah, Maxine P. Bonham, Mingling Chen, Sian C. Chivers, Andrea J. Fawcett, Andrea J. Fawcett, Jessica A. Grieger, Nahal Habibi, Gloria K.W. Leung, Kai Liu, Eskedar Getie Mekonnen, Maleesa Pathirana, Alejandra Quinteros, Rachael Taylor, Gebresilasea G. Ukke, Gebresilasea G. Ukke, Shao J. Zhou, Paul W. Franks, Stephen S. Rich, Robert Wagner, Tina Vilsbøll, Miriam S. Udler, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Arianne Sweeting, Emily K. Sims, Jennifer L. Sherr, Robert K. Semple, Rebecca M. Reynolds

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Precision prevention involves using the unique characteristics of a particular group to determine their responses to preventive interventions. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the participant characteristics associated with responses to interventions in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Pubmed to identify lifestyle (diet, physical activity, or both), metformin, myoinositol/inositol and probiotics interventions of GDM prevention published up to May 24, 2022. Results: From 10347 studies, 116 studies (n = 40940 women) are included. Physical activity results in greater GDM reduction in participants with a normal body mass index (BMI) at baseline compared to …

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Precision Gestational Diabetes Treatment: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analyses, Jamie L. Benham, Véronique Gingras, Niamh Maire Mclennan, Jasper Most, Jennifer M. Yamamoto, Catherine E. Aiken, Susan E. Ozanne, Susan E. Ozanne, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Paul W. Franks, Stephen S. Rich, Robert Wagner, Tina Vilsbøll, Kimberly K. Vesco, Miriam S. Udler, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Arianne Sweeting, Emily K. Sims, Jennifer L. Sherr, Robert K. Semple, Maria J. Redondo, Leanne M. Redman, Richard E. Pratley, Rodica Pop-Busui, Toni I. Pollin, Wei Perng, Ewan R. Pearson, Katharine R. Owen, Richard Oram, Rinki Murphy, Viswanathan Mohan, Shivani Misra, James B. Meigs Dec 2023

Precision Gestational Diabetes Treatment: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analyses, Jamie L. Benham, Véronique Gingras, Niamh Maire Mclennan, Jasper Most, Jennifer M. Yamamoto, Catherine E. Aiken, Susan E. Ozanne, Susan E. Ozanne, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Paul W. Franks, Stephen S. Rich, Robert Wagner, Tina Vilsbøll, Kimberly K. Vesco, Miriam S. Udler, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Arianne Sweeting, Emily K. Sims, Jennifer L. Sherr, Robert K. Semple, Maria J. Redondo, Leanne M. Redman, Richard E. Pratley, Rodica Pop-Busui, Toni I. Pollin, Wei Perng, Ewan R. Pearson, Katharine R. Owen, Richard Oram, Rinki Murphy, Viswanathan Mohan, Shivani Misra, James B. Meigs

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) affects approximately 1 in 7 pregnancies globally. It is associated with short- and long-term risks for both mother and baby. Therefore, optimizing treatment to effectively treat the condition has wide-ranging beneficial effects. However, despite the known heterogeneity in GDM, treatment guidelines and approaches are generally standardized. We hypothesized that a precision medicine approach could be a tool for risk-stratification of women to streamline successful GDM management. With the relatively short timeframe available to treat GDM, commencing effective therapy earlier, with more rapid normalization of hyperglycaemia, could have benefits for both mother and fetus. Methods: We …

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Treatment Effect Heterogeneity Following Type 2 Diabetes Treatment With Glp1-Receptor Agonists And Sglt2-Inhibitors: A Systematic Review, Katherine G. Young, Eram Haider Mcinnes, Robert J. Massey, Anna R. Kahkoska, Scott J. Pilla, Sridharan Raghavan, Maggie A. Stanislawski, Deirdre K. Tobias, Andrew P. Mcgovern, Andrew P. Mcgovern, Adem Y. Dawed, Angus G. Jones, Ewan R. Pearson, Ewan R. Pearson, John M. Dennis, John M. Dennis, Paul W. Franks, Stephen S. Rich, Robert Wagner, Tina Vilsbøll, Kimberly K. Vesco, Miriam S. Udler, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Arianne Sweeting, Emily K. Sims, Jennifer L. Sherr, Robert K. Semple, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Maria J. Redondo, Leanne M. Redman, Richard E. Pratley, Rodica Pop-Busui, Toni I. Pollin, Wei Perng Dec 2023

Treatment Effect Heterogeneity Following Type 2 Diabetes Treatment With Glp1-Receptor Agonists And Sglt2-Inhibitors: A Systematic Review, Katherine G. Young, Eram Haider Mcinnes, Robert J. Massey, Anna R. Kahkoska, Scott J. Pilla, Sridharan Raghavan, Maggie A. Stanislawski, Deirdre K. Tobias, Andrew P. Mcgovern, Andrew P. Mcgovern, Adem Y. Dawed, Angus G. Jones, Ewan R. Pearson, Ewan R. Pearson, John M. Dennis, John M. Dennis, Paul W. Franks, Stephen S. Rich, Robert Wagner, Tina Vilsbøll, Kimberly K. Vesco, Miriam S. Udler, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Arianne Sweeting, Emily K. Sims, Jennifer L. Sherr, Robert K. Semple, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Maria J. Redondo, Leanne M. Redman, Richard E. Pratley, Rodica Pop-Busui, Toni I. Pollin, Wei Perng

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: A precision medicine approach in type 2 diabetes requires the identification of clinical and biological features that are reproducibly associated with differences in clinical outcomes with specific anti-hyperglycaemic therapies. Robust evidence of such treatment effect heterogeneity could support more individualized clinical decisions on optimal type 2 diabetes therapy. Methods: We performed a pre-registered systematic review of meta-analysis studies, randomized control trials, and observational studies evaluating clinical and biological features associated with heterogenous treatment effects for SGLT2-inhibitor and GLP1-receptor agonist therapies, considering glycaemic, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes. After screening 5,686 studies, we included 101 studies of SGLT2-inhibitors and 75 studies …

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The Partner-An Underutilized Facilitator To Support Healthy Gestational Weight Gain, Joshua R. Sparks, Suzanne Phelan, Kimberly L. Drews, Leanne M. Redman Dec 2023

The Partner-An Underutilized Facilitator To Support Healthy Gestational Weight Gain, Joshua R. Sparks, Suzanne Phelan, Kimberly L. Drews, Leanne M. Redman

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Increased Lipogenesis Is Important For Hexavalent Chromium-Transformed Lung Cells And Xenograft Tumor Growth, James T.F. Wise, Kazuya Kondo Dec 2023

Increased Lipogenesis Is Important For Hexavalent Chromium-Transformed Lung Cells And Xenograft Tumor Growth, James T.F. Wise, Kazuya Kondo

Faculty Publications

Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is a known carcinogen and environmental health concern. It has been established that reactive oxygen species, genomic instability, and DNA damage repair deficiency are important contributors to the Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis mechanism. However, some hallmarks of cancer remain under-researched regarding the mechanism behind Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. Increased lipogenesis is important to carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis in multiple types of cancers, yet the role increased lipogenesis has in Cr(VI) carcinogenesis is unclear. We report here that Cr(VI)-induced transformation of three human lung cell lines (BEAS-2B, BEP2D, and WTHBF-6) resulted in increased lipogenesis (palmitic acid levels), and Cr(VI)-transformed cells had an increased …

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Painted Playgrounds For Preschoolers’ Physical Activity And Fundamental Motor Skill Improvement: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial Of Effectiveness, E. Kipling Webster, Maura M. Kepper, Sanjoy Saha, Robbie A. Beyl, Chelsea L. Kracht, Jessica St Romain, Amanda E. Staiano Dec 2023

Painted Playgrounds For Preschoolers’ Physical Activity And Fundamental Motor Skill Improvement: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial Of Effectiveness, E. Kipling Webster, Maura M. Kepper, Sanjoy Saha, Robbie A. Beyl, Chelsea L. Kracht, Jessica St Romain, Amanda E. Staiano

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: Preschool children are not meeting recommended levels of physical activity (PA) nor are they proficient in fundamental motor skills (FMS), which are the foundation for PA. As such, interventions are needed to increase PA and FMS in young children. This trial examined the effects of an environmental (“painted playgrounds”) and capacity-building (written toolkit) intervention on child FMS, PA, and sedentary behavior at early childhood education (ECE) centers and examined feasibility. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, four ECE centers were randomly assigned to an intervention group or wait-list control. For intervention centers, stencils were spray painted adjacent to playgrounds …

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Healthy Eating And Active Living Policy, Systems, And Environmental Changes In Rural Louisiana: A Contextual Inquiry To Inform Implementation Strategies, Bailey Houghtaling, Laura Balis, Nila Pradhananga, Melissa Cater, Denise Holston Dec 2023

Healthy Eating And Active Living Policy, Systems, And Environmental Changes In Rural Louisiana: A Contextual Inquiry To Inform Implementation Strategies, Bailey Houghtaling, Laura Balis, Nila Pradhananga, Melissa Cater, Denise Holston

Faculty Publications

Background: Healthy eating and active living policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) changes are implemented across the United States through Cooperative Extension. However, translating multisector PSE changes to practice in community settings is challenging and there is a lack of knowledge about barriers and facilitators to PSE changes among state Extension systems using standardized frameworks. Therefore, a research-to-practice partnership effort aimed to identify Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service Family and Consumer Science (LFCS) practitioners’ barriers and facilitators to implementing PSE changes in rural Louisiana communities. Methods: A qualitative approach using the 2022 Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (2022 CFIR) was used. Focus …

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The Longitudinal Associations Of Body Dissatisfaction With Health And Wellness Behaviors In Midlife And Older Women, Lisa Smith Kilpela, Savannah C. Hooper, Casey L. Straud, Victoria B. Marshall, Christina L. Verzijl, Tiffany M. Stewart, Taylur T. Loera, Carolyn Black Becker Dec 2023

The Longitudinal Associations Of Body Dissatisfaction With Health And Wellness Behaviors In Midlife And Older Women, Lisa Smith Kilpela, Savannah C. Hooper, Casey L. Straud, Victoria B. Marshall, Christina L. Verzijl, Tiffany M. Stewart, Taylur T. Loera, Carolyn Black Becker

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Emerging research suggests that body dissatisfaction (BD) is prevalent among midlife and older women (i.e., upwards of 70%). Cross-sectionally, BD is associated with myriad poor health and wellness outcomes (e.g., depression, disordered eating, bad nutrition) in midlife/older women. However, relatively few studies have examined the longitudinal relations between BD and health outcomes in this population. This preliminary study investigated the longitudinal associations of BD with wellbeing and health-related quality of life (QOL) among midlife/older adult women over one year. Participants (n = 86, women aged 40–72 years, M = 51.49, SD = 7.34, 86% white) completed self-report measures of BD, …

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Calorie Restriction Modulates The Transcription Of Genes Related To Stress Response And Longevity In Human Muscle: The Calerie Study, Jayanta Kumar Das, Nirad Banskota, Julián Candia, Michael E. Griswold, Melissa Orenduff, Rafael De Cabo, David L. Corcoran, Sai Krupa Das, Supriyo De, Kim Marie Huffman, Virginia B. Kraus, William E. Kraus, Corby K Martin, Susan B. Racette, Leanne M. Redman, Birgit Schilling, Daniel W Belsky, Luigi Ferrucci Dec 2023

Calorie Restriction Modulates The Transcription Of Genes Related To Stress Response And Longevity In Human Muscle: The Calerie Study, Jayanta Kumar Das, Nirad Banskota, Julián Candia, Michael E. Griswold, Melissa Orenduff, Rafael De Cabo, David L. Corcoran, Sai Krupa Das, Supriyo De, Kim Marie Huffman, Virginia B. Kraus, William E. Kraus, Corby K Martin, Susan B. Racette, Leanne M. Redman, Birgit Schilling, Daniel W Belsky, Luigi Ferrucci

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

The lifespan extension induced by 40% caloric restriction (CR) in rodents is accompanied by postponement of disease, preservation of function, and increased stress resistance. Whether CR elicits the same physiological and molecular responses in humans remains mostly unexplored. In the CALERIE study, 12% CR for 2 years in healthy humans induced minor losses of muscle mass (leg lean mass) without changes of muscle strength, but mechanisms for muscle quality preservation remained unclear. We performed high-depth RNA-Seq (387–618 million paired reads) on human vastus lateralis muscle biopsies collected from the CALERIE participants at baseline, 12- and 24-month follow-up from the 90 …

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Single-Cell Analysis In Hypersaline Brines Predicts A Water-Activity Limit Of Microbial Anabolic Activity, Emily R. Paris, Nestor Arandia-Gorostidi, Benjamin Klempay, Jeff S. Bowman, Alexandra Pontefract, Claire E. Elbon, Jennifer B. Glass, Ellery D. Ingall, Peter T. Doran, Sanjoy M. Som, Britney E. Schmidt, Anne E. Dekas Dec 2023

Single-Cell Analysis In Hypersaline Brines Predicts A Water-Activity Limit Of Microbial Anabolic Activity, Emily R. Paris, Nestor Arandia-Gorostidi, Benjamin Klempay, Jeff S. Bowman, Alexandra Pontefract, Claire E. Elbon, Jennifer B. Glass, Ellery D. Ingall, Peter T. Doran, Sanjoy M. Som, Britney E. Schmidt, Anne E. Dekas

Faculty Publications

Hypersaline brines provide excellent opportunities to study extreme microbial life. Here, we investigated anabolic activity in nearly 6000 individual cells from solar saltern sites with water activities (aw) ranging from 0.982 to 0.409 (seawater to extreme brine). Average anabolic activity decreased exponentially with aw, with nuanced trends evident at the single-cell level: The proportion of active cells remained high (>50%) even after NaCl saturation, and subsets of cells spiked in activity as aw decreased. Intracommunity heterogeneity in activity increased as seawater transitioned to brine, suggesting increased phenotypic heterogeneity with increased physiological stress. No microbial activity was detected in the …

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An Intersection Of Science & Art: Vitrification Approaches And Open-Fabricated Tools For The Biomedical Model Sea Hare, Aplysia Californica, Allyssa M. Oune Nov 2023

An Intersection Of Science & Art: Vitrification Approaches And Open-Fabricated Tools For The Biomedical Model Sea Hare, Aplysia Californica, Allyssa M. Oune

LSU Master's Theses

The California sea hare (Aplysia californica) is an important biomedical model for molecular neurobiology, electrophysiology, learning, and memory due to their well-mapped and large neurons and well-characterized learning capabilities. The National Resource for Aplysia (NRA, University of Miami) maintains large stocks of live animals and relies on regular shipments of wild-caught individuals to maintain genetic diversity. This is labor and cost-intensive, and environmental changes could alter the availability of wild animals increasing the need to preserve this genetic resource. One solution is vitrification, ultra-fast cooling which produces an amorphous glass that minimizes damage to cells. Aplysia californica presents …

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Modification, Validation, And Testing Of The Eating And Food Literacy Behaviors Questionnaire With Cooking Enjoyment With Young Adult University Students, Imani J. Carr Nov 2023

Modification, Validation, And Testing Of The Eating And Food Literacy Behaviors Questionnaire With Cooking Enjoyment With Young Adult University Students, Imani J. Carr

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A modified version of the Eating and Food Literacy Behaviors Questionnaire (EFLBQ) with a new construct called cooking enjoyment was developed and validated. The instrument was titled the Eating and Food Literacy Behavior Questionnaire with Cooking Enjoyment (EFLBQ-C). The EFLBQ-C was developed with data from 18- to 30-year-olds who attended a university in the United States collected by an online survey platform. The 515 students who completed the questionnaire answered using a 4-point Likert scale of Never=1,” “Seldom=2,” “Often=3,” and “Always=4.” The responses were divided into an EFLBQ-C cohort (Group 1: 258 participants) and an EFLBQ cohort (Group 2: 257 …

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Mirna As Systemic Mediators For Environmentally Persistent Free Radical-Induced Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Ankit Aryal Nov 2023

Mirna As Systemic Mediators For Environmentally Persistent Free Radical-Induced Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Ankit Aryal

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Air pollution is consistently linked with elevations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its mortality. Particulate matter (PM) is a pivotal factor in air pollution-associated CVD. PM containing environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFR) forms from the incomplete combustion of organic wastes. These products adhere to particulate matter carrying redox-active transition metals on its surface. To enable systematic research of the health impacts of EPFR, our colleagues developed a combustion method to produce EPFR-containing PM that closely resemble urban PM and validated their use for typical laboratory settings. We exposed mice to laboratory generated EPFR through whole-body inhalation and investigated their dose-dependent …

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Containerized Satsuma Mandarin Production Under Protective Screens As A Management Strategy, Anna Timmerman Nov 2023

Containerized Satsuma Mandarin Production Under Protective Screens As A Management Strategy, Anna Timmerman

LSU Master's Theses

Many of the world’s citrus growing regions are experiencing challenges related to citrus greening, also known as Huanglongbing (HLB) caused by the presumed bacterial agent Candidatus Liberibacter spp. HLB is vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) and through propagation of infected citrus material. HLB impacts tree health as well as fruit development, ripening, and quality of the resulting citrus fruit, often leading to an unmarketable product. Producers are growing citrus in high density orchards underneath protective screening material that excludes the Asian citrus psyllid, preventing new HLB infections. Four ultra-high containerized tree spacings of 2 feet …

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Effects Of Ingested Essential Oils And Propolis Extracts On Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Health And Gut Microbiota, Allyson Martin Ewert, Michael Simone-Finstrom, Quentin Read, Claudia Husseneder, Vincent Ricigliano Nov 2023

Effects Of Ingested Essential Oils And Propolis Extracts On Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Health And Gut Microbiota, Allyson Martin Ewert, Michael Simone-Finstrom, Quentin Read, Claudia Husseneder, Vincent Ricigliano

Faculty Publications

Managed honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apis mellifera Linnaeus) hives require frequent human inputs to maintain colony health and productivity. A variety of plant natural products (PNPs) are delivered via feeding to control diseases and reduce the use of synthetic chemical treatments. However, despite their prevalent use in beekeeping, there is limited information regarding the impact of ingested PNPs on bee health. Here, we tested the effects of different essential oils and propolis extracts on honey bee life span, nutrient assimilation, xenobiotic detoxification, and gut microbiota abundance. Brazilian propolis extract lengthened worker life span, while the other PNPs (Louisiana propolis extract, …

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Weight And Protozoa Number But Not Bacteria Diversity Are Associated With Successful Pair Formation Of Dealates In The Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes Formosanus, Junyan Chen, Garima Setia, Li Hsiang Lin, Qian Sun, Claudia Husseneder Nov 2023

Weight And Protozoa Number But Not Bacteria Diversity Are Associated With Successful Pair Formation Of Dealates In The Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes Formosanus, Junyan Chen, Garima Setia, Li Hsiang Lin, Qian Sun, Claudia Husseneder

Faculty Publications

New colonies of Formosan subterranean termites are founded by monogamous pairs. During swarming season, alates (winged reproductives) leave their parental colony. After swarming, they drop to the ground, shed their wings, and male and female dealates find suitable nesting sites where they mate and become kings and queens of new colonies. The first generation of offspring is entirely dependent on the nutritional resources of the founder pair consisting of the fat and protein reserves of the dealates and their microbiota, which include the cellulose-digesting protozoa and diverse bacteria. Since termite kings and queens can live for decades, mate for life …

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Validity Of An Artificial Intelligence-Based Application To Identify Foods And Estimate Energy Intake Among Adults: A Pilot Study, Chloe P. Lozano, Emma N. Canty, Sanjoy Saha, Stephanie T. Broyles, Robbie A. Beyl, John W. Apolzan, Corby K. Martin Nov 2023

Validity Of An Artificial Intelligence-Based Application To Identify Foods And Estimate Energy Intake Among Adults: A Pilot Study, Chloe P. Lozano, Emma N. Canty, Sanjoy Saha, Stephanie T. Broyles, Robbie A. Beyl, John W. Apolzan, Corby K. Martin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: The commercial application Openfit allows for automatic identification and quantification of food intake through short video capture without a physical reference marker. There are no known peer-reviewed publications on the validity of this Nutrition Artificial Intelligence (AI). Objectives: To test the validity of Openfit to identify food automatically and semiautomatically (with user correction), test the validity of Openfit at quantifying energy intake (kcal) automatically and semiautomatically, and assess satisfaction and usability of Openfit. Methods: During a laboratory-based visit, adults (7 male and 17 female), used Openfit to automatically and semiautomatically record provided meals, which were covertly weighed. Foods logged …

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Low Movement, Deep-Learned Sitting Patterns, And Sedentary Behavior In The International Study Of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle And The Environment (Iscole), Paul R. Hibbing, Jordan A. Carlson, Chelsea Steel, Mikael Anne Greenwood-Hickman, Supun Nakandala, Marta M. Jankowska, John Bellettiere, Jingjing Zou, Andrea Z. Lacroix, Arun Kumar, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Loki Natarajan Nov 2023

Low Movement, Deep-Learned Sitting Patterns, And Sedentary Behavior In The International Study Of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle And The Environment (Iscole), Paul R. Hibbing, Jordan A. Carlson, Chelsea Steel, Mikael Anne Greenwood-Hickman, Supun Nakandala, Marta M. Jankowska, John Bellettiere, Jingjing Zou, Andrea Z. Lacroix, Arun Kumar, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Loki Natarajan

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background/Objectives: Sedentary behavior (SB) has both movement and postural components, but most SB research has only assessed low movement, especially in children. The purpose of this study was to compare estimates and health associations of SB when derived from a standard accelerometer cut-point, a novel sitting detection technique (CNN Hip Accelerometer Posture for Children; CHAP-Child), and both combined. Methods: Data were from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle, and the Environment (ISCOLE). Participants were 6103 children (mean ± SD age 10.4 ± 0.56 years) from 12 countries who wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on the right hip for approximately …

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Bariatric Surgery Alters Mitochondrial Function In Gut Mucosa, Robert C. Ross, Elizabeth C. Heintz, Elizabeth R.M. Zunica, R. Leigh Townsend, Amanda E. Spence, Philip R. Schauer, John P. Kirwan, Christopher L. Axelrod, Vance L. Albaugh Nov 2023

Bariatric Surgery Alters Mitochondrial Function In Gut Mucosa, Robert C. Ross, Elizabeth C. Heintz, Elizabeth R.M. Zunica, R. Leigh Townsend, Amanda E. Spence, Philip R. Schauer, John P. Kirwan, Christopher L. Axelrod, Vance L. Albaugh

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Background: The obesity pandemic has worsened global disease burden, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Metabolic/bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective and durable obesity treatment, but the mechanisms underlying its long-term weight loss efficacy remain unclear. MBS drives substrate oxidation that has been linked to improvements in metabolic function and improved glycemic control that are potentially mediated by mitochondria—a primary site of energy production. As such, augmentation of intestinal mitochondrial function may drive processes underlying the systemic metabolic benefits of MBS. Herein, we applied a highly sensitive technique to evaluate intestinal mitochondrial function ex vivo in a …

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Access, Interest, And Barriers To Incorporation Of Birth Doula Care In The United States, Amanda W. Mitchell, Joshua R. Sparks, Robbie A. Beyl, Abby D. Altazan, S. Ariel Barlow, Leanne M. Redman Nov 2023

Access, Interest, And Barriers To Incorporation Of Birth Doula Care In The United States, Amanda W. Mitchell, Joshua R. Sparks, Robbie A. Beyl, Abby D. Altazan, S. Ariel Barlow, Leanne M. Redman

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Doula care improves maternal care, yet barriers exist to incorporating doula care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate interest and barriers to doula care. Overall, 508 women, 26–35 years of age (54.5%), White/Caucasian (89.8%), and married (88.6%), completed this study. Most reported ≥1 previous birth (97.6%). Respondents would “feel comfortable” (73.2%) and “more confident” (54.9%) with doula care at birth, and 57.9% reported their provider would be supportive of doula care. Only 39.0% expressed benefits to doula care during pregnancy compared to 72.6% at birth and 68.1% during postpartum. Most would hire a doula if health insurance covered …

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Erratum To ‘P23-075-23 Development & Validating Of A Food Literacy Behavior Questionnaire For Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus’ [Current Developments In Nutrition 7s1 (2023) 100184] (Current Developments In Nutrition (2023) 7(S1), (S2475299123249094), (10.1016/J.Cdnut.2023.100184)), Sarah Ludwig, Melissa Cater, Georgianna Tuuri Nov 2023

Erratum To ‘P23-075-23 Development & Validating Of A Food Literacy Behavior Questionnaire For Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus’ [Current Developments In Nutrition 7s1 (2023) 100184] (Current Developments In Nutrition (2023) 7(S1), (S2475299123249094), (10.1016/J.Cdnut.2023.100184)), Sarah Ludwig, Melissa Cater, Georgianna Tuuri

Faculty Publications

The American Society of Nutrition regrets that the author order of this abstract is incorrect. The author order is currently listed as: Georgianna Tuuri, Melissa Cater, Sarah Ludwig The author order should be: Sarah Ludwig, Melissa Cater, Georgianna Tuuri The Society would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

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Responses Of Phytoplankton Communities To The Effect Of Both River Plume And Coastal Upwelling, Zhuyin Tong, Lingqi Ma, Shujie Cai, Lei Wang, Wupeng Xiao, Bangqin Huang, Edward A. Laws Nov 2023

Responses Of Phytoplankton Communities To The Effect Of Both River Plume And Coastal Upwelling, Zhuyin Tong, Lingqi Ma, Shujie Cai, Lei Wang, Wupeng Xiao, Bangqin Huang, Edward A. Laws

Faculty Publications

River plumes and coastal upwelling systems are both nutrient-abundant habitats compared to the open ocean, and the mechanisms that structure the phytoplankton community when these occur together are unclear. In this study we investigated the dynamics and drivers of phytoplankton biomass and community composition in the Pearl River plume-coastal upwelling system on the northern South China Sea shelf during summer. We found that phytoplankton biomass was lower in the plume than in upwelled water. Diatoms were the only dominant group in the upwelled water. In contrast, diatoms and Synechococcus were co-dominant in the plume, and the negative correlation between the …

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Influences Of Yogurt With Functional Ingredients From Various Sources That Help Treat Leaky Gut On Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction In Caco-2 Cells, Ricardo S. Aleman, Ryan Page, Roberto Cedillos, Ismael Montero-Fernández, Jhunior Abraham Marcia Fuentes, Douglas W. Olson, Kayanush Aryana Nov 2023

Influences Of Yogurt With Functional Ingredients From Various Sources That Help Treat Leaky Gut On Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction In Caco-2 Cells, Ricardo S. Aleman, Ryan Page, Roberto Cedillos, Ismael Montero-Fernández, Jhunior Abraham Marcia Fuentes, Douglas W. Olson, Kayanush Aryana

Faculty Publications

The impact of yogurts made with starter culture bacteria (L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus) and supplemented with ingredients (maitake mushrooms, quercetin, L-glutamine, slippery elm bark, licorice root, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, zinc orotate, and marshmallow root) that can help treat leaky gut were investigated using the Caco-2 cell monolayer as a measure of intestinal barrier dysfunction. Milk from the same source was equally dispersed into nine pails, and the eight ingredients were randomly allocated to the eight pails. The control had no ingredients. The Caco-2 cells were treated with isoflavone genistein (negative control) and growth media (positive control). Inflammation was stimulated using an …

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Effect Of Sampling Method On Detection Of The Equine Uterine Microbiome During Estrus, B. A. Heil, M. Van Heule, S. K. Thompson, T. A. Kearns, E. L. Oberhaus, G. King, P. Daels, P. Dini, J. L. Sones Nov 2023

Effect Of Sampling Method On Detection Of The Equine Uterine Microbiome During Estrus, B. A. Heil, M. Van Heule, S. K. Thompson, T. A. Kearns, E. L. Oberhaus, G. King, P. Daels, P. Dini, J. L. Sones

Faculty Publications

Bacterial endometritis is among the most common causes of subfertility in mares. It has a major economic impact on the equine breeding industry. The sensitivity of detecting uterine microbes using culture-based methods, irrespective of the sample collection method, double-guarded endometrial swab, endometrial biopsy, or uterine low-volume lavage (LVL), is low. Therefore, equine bacterial endometritis often goes undiagnosed. Sixteen individual mares were enrolled, and an endometrial sample was obtained using each method from all mares. After trimming, quality control and decontamination, 3824 amplicon sequence variants were detected in the dataset. We found using 16S rRNA sequencing that the equine uterus harbors …

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Homeless Friendly Campus: An Exploratory Case Study Of University Liaisons, Brandy Gros Oct 2023

Homeless Friendly Campus: An Exploratory Case Study Of University Liaisons, Brandy Gros

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study aimed to explore how University Liaisons respond to homelessness on their campus. With new federal and state laws being enacted, little research focuses on the policies, programs, and services at universities. Community Colleges tend to be a more attractive option for homeless youth due to the low cost; however, universities are also seeing an increase in the homeless student population, and more research is needed at the university level. The overarching research question is: How are universities' liaisons with state legislation responding to homelessness? This study used a comparative multiple-case study approach to explore how ULs respond to …

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