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Methionine Restriction-Induced Metabolic Changes In C57bl6j Mice, Cory Christopher Cortez Jan 2014

Methionine Restriction-Induced Metabolic Changes In C57bl6j Mice, Cory Christopher Cortez

LSU Master's Theses

Introduction: Eighty percent restriction of normal dietary methionine (MR) intake has been shown to increase energy expenditure and attenuate the rate of adiposity gain in rodents, despite a paradoxical increase in energy intake. Energy expenditure in rats was shown to increase, even though physical activity level stays the same. This observation suggests that metabolic mechanisms account for the majority of increased energy expenditure measured in methionine restricted animals. Purpose: To observe and document the onset of physiological effects brought about and to determine the mechanistic role of the skeletal muscle on MR-induced metabolic changes in the C57BL6J mouse. Methods: C57BL6J …

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The Effects Of Peripheral Nerve Impairments On Postural Control And Mobility Among People With Peripheral Neuropathy, Shuqi Zhang Jan 2014

The Effects Of Peripheral Nerve Impairments On Postural Control And Mobility Among People With Peripheral Neuropathy, Shuqi Zhang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Approximately 20 million Americans are suffering Peripheral Neuropathy (PN). It is estimated that the prevalence of all-cause PN is about 2.4% in the entire adult population, whereas over 8-10% in the population segment over the age of 55 (Martyn & Hughes, 1997). Peripheral Neuropathy leads to a high risk of falling, resulting from the deficits of postural control caused by the impaired peripheral nerves, especially the degenerative somatosensory system. To date, there is no effective medical treatment for the disease but pain managements. The deficits of postural control decrease the life quality of this population. The degeneration of peripheral nerves …

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Effects Of Iron On Cercospora Leaf Blight Of Soybean, Eduardo Chagas Ferreira Da Silva Jan 2014

Effects Of Iron On Cercospora Leaf Blight Of Soybean, Eduardo Chagas Ferreira Da Silva

LSU Master's Theses

Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) of soybean caused by Cercospora kikuchii is an important disease in Lousiana. Preliminary screening of foliar applications of the micronutrients Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo and Al, showed that Fe decreased CLB severity consistently. The objective of this work was to test the effects of commercial formulations of Fe, Manny Plex Fe and Fe EDTA (Brandt Consolidated, Springfield, IL) on leaf colonization by C. kikuchii, symptom development (blight and purple leaves), and yield. Four rates of Manny Plex Fe and four rates of Fe EDTA were applied to field plots at R5 growth stage. Leaf …

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Slow Fashion: Developing A Conceptual Apparel Design Process, Stefanie Ann Ramirez Jan 2014

Slow Fashion: Developing A Conceptual Apparel Design Process, Stefanie Ann Ramirez

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to explore the application of a pre-existing apparel design process model and design framework to the development of a conceptual slow fashion apparel design process and framework. A content analysis of slow design and slow fashion literature identified 38 themes related to specific design criteria, which were applied to design considerations from the Lamb & Kallal Functional, Expressive, and Aesthetic (FEA) model (1992). Additional design considerations were revealed due to the nature of the research topic and relationship to the stages in the applied design framework. For the Slow Fashion Apparel Design model five …

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Effect Of Cultivar, Storage, Cooking Method And Tissue Type On The Ascorbic Acid, Thiamin, Riboflavin And Vitamin B6 Content Of Sweetpotato [Ipomoea Batatas (L.)] Lam, Wilmer Anibal Barrera Jan 2014

Effect Of Cultivar, Storage, Cooking Method And Tissue Type On The Ascorbic Acid, Thiamin, Riboflavin And Vitamin B6 Content Of Sweetpotato [Ipomoea Batatas (L.)] Lam, Wilmer Anibal Barrera

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The effect of cultivar, curing, storage, tissue type, and cooking method on the ascorbic acid (AA), thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 content of sweetpotato was determined. A simplified and sensitive reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methodology was developed for the simultaneous determination of thiamin and riboflavin in sweetpotato. Curing of sweetpotatoes did not significantly change the content of AA, thiamin, and vitamin B6, but resulted in a decrease in riboflavin content. Thiamin and riboflavin contents were mostly stable after curing. However, compared to at harvest, storage for 6 months resulted in a decrease in AA content in cultivars 07-146, …

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Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Small Molecule-Based, Profluorogenic Activatable Substrate Probes For Detection And Visualization Of Human Cancer Enzyme Nad(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase-1, Suraj Uditha Hettiarachchi Jan 2014

Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Small Molecule-Based, Profluorogenic Activatable Substrate Probes For Detection And Visualization Of Human Cancer Enzyme Nad(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase-1, Suraj Uditha Hettiarachchi

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Cancer comprises many specific diseases, and it is currently responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. This broad disease profile is a great challenge for personalized oncology. Critical for the success of cancer therapy is the exploration of improved methodologies for the early detection of localized and disseminated tumor cells in patients, where bio-molecular imaging has become an indispensable tool. Being one of many different imaging techniques, optical fluorescence imaging has been translated over the years from the bench to clinical research, and it is now on the verge of being able to address some of the pressing challenges in molecular …

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The Physiological Effects Of Resistant Starch On Obesity And Diabetes, Felicia Robin Goldsmith Jan 2014

The Physiological Effects Of Resistant Starch On Obesity And Diabetes, Felicia Robin Goldsmith

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Three studies were performed to determine the effects of RS on body weight and adiposity in HF DIO, diabetic C57BL/6J and GLP-1 receptor KO mice as well as genetically obese ZDF rats. The first study was a dose-response experiment for HM260 (0, 15, or 28 g/100 g diet) against the anti-diabetes drug SG (Januvia®) (0 or 0.4 g/100 g diet) in HF DIO C57BL/6J (n=55) mice injected with STZ in order to assess synergy. The most effective combination was used in the second study, the purpose of which was to determine the mechanistic importance of GLP-1 in GLP-1R KO (n=25) …

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The Role Of Viral Glycoproteins And Tegument Proteins In Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Cytoplasmic Virion Envelopment, Dmitry Vladimirovich Chouljenko Jan 2014

The Role Of Viral Glycoproteins And Tegument Proteins In Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Cytoplasmic Virion Envelopment, Dmitry Vladimirovich Chouljenko

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous neurotropic alphaherpesvirus transmitted by contact with mucocutaneous surfaces of infected individuals. HSV-1 enters the host by fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell plasma membrane, followed by translocation of the viral capsids to the nucleus where viral DNA is injected into the host cell nucleus to initiate viral replication. To generate infectious virions, newly assembled capsids travel to the cytoplasm and undergo a process called secondary envelopment by budding into cytoplasmic vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi network. Cytoplasmic envelopment is a complex process involving interactions between a multitude of …

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The Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of Vitamin D And Exercise, Laura Ann Forney Jan 2014

The Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of Vitamin D And Exercise, Laura Ann Forney

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Elevated inflammation is associated with several chronic diseases, including obesity. Exercise is an established effective treatment of this condition by decreasing adiposity and independently regulating inflammatory pathways. The potential for vitamin D to confer anti-inflammatory benefits has been explored in cell culture studies, but few have explored its action at the whole body level. PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers in trained and untrained individuals with vitamin D levels either above or below a suggested optimal concentration. METHODS: College-aged females (N = 63), both trained and untrained, reported to the lab four times: to assess body size and …

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Palatable Foods For A Methionine Restricted Diet, Gabriela Melissa Crespo Gutierrez Jan 2014

Palatable Foods For A Methionine Restricted Diet, Gabriela Melissa Crespo Gutierrez

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Protein oxidation results in loss of tryptophan, oxidation of cysteine to cysteic acid, oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide and ultimately to methionine sulfone. Methionine sulfoxide has been shown to be completely unavailable to mammalian cells and promote improved insulin sensitivity, lifespan extension, weight loss induction and reduce tumor growth in rat studies. Casein was oxidized with ozone or hydrogen peroxide to reduce the cysteine and methionine levels for use in sulfur amino acid restricted diets. Casein was isoelectrically precipitated from skim milk and oxidized with hydrogen peroxide at various pH levels, from 2.5–11. Two strong oxidizers were used: hydrogen …

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Development Of A Food Preference Survey, Amber Bourgeois Mcguerty Jan 2014

Development Of A Food Preference Survey, Amber Bourgeois Mcguerty

LSU Master's Theses

This study developed a food preference survey to estimate adolescents’ willingness to consume energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages. Five focus group interviews with 13 to 19 year-old students were conducted, and items representing energy-dense foods, energy-dilute foods, sweetened beverages, and unsweetened beverages were determined (5 per category). The final survey was administered to 234 students. Willingness to consume items was assessed using a 7-point Likert Scale (1, representing “Extremely Unwilling” to 7, indicating “Extremely Willing”). Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal Axis factoring with a Promax (oblique) rotation revealed two factors. Factor one included French fries, Kool-Aid, glazed donuts, cookies, lemonade, …

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Leptin Regulates Nutrient Reward Via Galanin And Orexin Neurons, Amanda Laque Jan 2014

Leptin Regulates Nutrient Reward Via Galanin And Orexin Neurons, Amanda Laque

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Obesity has become a widespread concern to human health largely over the past three decades. It is thought that obesity is associated with the over consumption of calorically dense diets. The rewarding value of food is mediated through the mesolimbic dopamine system, though is less understood how appetitive control circuits relay information to existing reward circuitry. The adiposity signaling hormone, leptin, is a critical mediator of food intake and fat storage. Leptin signaling, via the long form of the leptin receptor (LepRb), is predominantly carried out within the hypothalamus. Leptin action specific to the lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) modulates reward …

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Does Subtype Matter?: Comparing The Effects Of A Self-Monitoring Intervention On Adhd-C And Adhd-I, Caleb James Corwin Jan 2014

Does Subtype Matter?: Comparing The Effects Of A Self-Monitoring Intervention On Adhd-C And Adhd-I, Caleb James Corwin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Recently Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) research has been confronted with questions regarding the subtype distinctions. Millich, Ballantine, and Lyman (2001) have claimed that ADHD – Combined Type (ADHD-C) and ADHD – Predominantly Inattentive Type (ADHD-I) are “distinct and separate disorders.” As important as this distinction is diagnostically, it is, possibly equally important with regards to treatment. Multiple pharmacological studies have compared the responsiveness of ADHD-C and ADHD-I to stimulant medications, yet the results are often conflicting (e.g. Grizenko, Paci, & Joober, 2010; Solanto et al., 2009; Stein et al., 2003). To date, only one study has compared ADHD subtypes with respect …

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Production Of 2-Propanol, Butanol And Ethanol Using Clostridium Beijerinckii Optonii, Adam Hoogewind Jan 2014

Production Of 2-Propanol, Butanol And Ethanol Using Clostridium Beijerinckii Optonii, Adam Hoogewind

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

With an unpredictable market for gasoline and increased concerns with the pollution created by burning fossil fuels, there is a push for developing suitable replacements for gasoline. While corn-based ethanol production is the most common renewable biofuel produced in the United States, ethanol is not an ideal solution to gasoline replacement due to low energy density, hygroscopic and corrosive properties and inability to purify by distillation alone. Higher alcohols such as butanol do not have the same problems with energy density, purification and hygroscopic and corrosive properties. The fermentation of butanol by using solventogenic Clostridium species, creating acetone, butanol and …

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Estimating U.S. Household Seafood Demand Based On Longitudinal And Cross-Sectional Data, Huabo Wang Jan 2014

Estimating U.S. Household Seafood Demand Based On Longitudinal And Cross-Sectional Data, Huabo Wang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This overall goal of this research is to examine and update U.S. at-home household demand estimates for seafood (including species and generic products) that can be used in policy formulation (by both the private and public sector). As such, this study estimated quantity-based household demand functions for seafood in aggregate, by generic product form (fresh, frozen, and prepared), and primary species. Given that the role of quality has been shown to significantly influence expenditures and seafood demand, this paper also seeks to incorporate the household quality choice into the demand model. In order to help to tailor the market strategy, …

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation In Tidally Influenced Coastal Marsh Wetland Studied In Laboratory Mesocosm, Doorce S. Batubara Jan 2014

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation In Tidally Influenced Coastal Marsh Wetland Studied In Laboratory Mesocosm, Doorce S. Batubara

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The compact mesocosm which was designed for a laboratory scale was used for the kinetic study of refractory organic compounds in a tidally influenced coastal marsh wetland soil. The tidal cycles were controlled pneumatically using an air chamber inside the mesocosm tank. Phenanthrene as the test compound showed that its degradation in the intertidal wetland soil was faster than that in the subtidal wetland soil. Oxygen resupply during the tidal cycles to the intertidal wetland soil would enhance the degradation. Comparison of degradation rates of phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr), and benzo[e]pyrene (BeP) were also studied using the mesocosm. The degradation …

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Influence Of Feeding Anise Oil To Piglets And Broilers, Jose Wando Charal Jan 2014

Influence Of Feeding Anise Oil To Piglets And Broilers, Jose Wando Charal

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The objectives of this research were to determine 1) the effect of anise oil (AO) in pigs after exposure and re-exposure by dietary additions to sow and nursery diets; and 2) the maximum level of AO that could be fed to broilers and its effect on in-vitro growth of Clostridium perfringens (ClP); 3) to determine the effect of AO and diet type on growth performance of broilers after a challenge with ClP; and 4) to determine the effect of AO fed to broilers under commercial conditions. The results indicated that exposing lactating pigs to AO through the sow diet had …

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Chemistry And Application Of Pulses As Value-Added Ingredients In Processed Foods, Darryl Holliday Jan 2014

Chemistry And Application Of Pulses As Value-Added Ingredients In Processed Foods, Darryl Holliday

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Chemical characterization of pulses allows for varying rates of water absorption, least gelation capacity, and retrogradation depending on species. Nutritionally, pulses are good sources of protein while being low in fat. Pulses deliver a readily bioavailable food form of several key minerals. Additionally, they deliver fiber. The insoluble fiber components are both natural and formed resistant starch in addition to the oligosaccharide content. Therefore, pulses can serve both a nutritional and functional role when used as a value-added ingredient. Meat patties were produced from beef and 23 different pulses at 35%, 42.5%, and 50% ratios. Each patty was tested for …

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Biogeographical Approaches For Studying Species Invasion, Ganesh Prasad Bhattarai Jan 2014

Biogeographical Approaches For Studying Species Invasion, Ganesh Prasad Bhattarai

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Many of the most notorious biological invasions occur at continent-wide or global scales but studies investigating mechanisms enhancing species invasions are often conducted at small spatial scales. Moreover, the contribution of mechanisms facilitating invasion might also vary across a geographical space. I used biogeographical approaches to explore the mechanisms enhancing invasion of introduced genotypes of Phragmites australis along the coastal wetlands of North America. I tested the hypotheses that large-scale disturbance events, such as hurricanes and tropical storms, enhance the invasion success of introduced P. australis in North America. The growth rate of P. australis patches was strongly and positively …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Novel Polyester Scaffolds From Sugarcane Industry By-Products For Use In Skin And Bone Tissue Engineering, Akanksha Kanitkar Jan 2014

Synthesis And Characterization Of Novel Polyester Scaffolds From Sugarcane Industry By-Products For Use In Skin And Bone Tissue Engineering, Akanksha Kanitkar

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The aim of this work was to synthesize non-toxic, biodegradable polyesters of aconitic acid, cinnamic acid and glycerol from by-products of the sugarcane industry as scaffolds for skin and bone tissue engineering. Utilizing the by-products, molasses and sugarcane bagasse, not only add value to the cane industry, but also paves path for synthesizing novel bio-based materials from the isolated specialty chemicals. Molasses contain an economically recoverable quantity of aconitic acid and its extraction was studied in detail as a part of this work. The yields of recovered aconitic acid varied from 25–69% depending on the extraction conditions. Under all the …

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Analysis Of The Mineral Composition Of Louisiana Wild Caught Shrimp By Icp-Oes And Classification Of Geographical Origin, Samantha Nichole Stein Jan 2014

Analysis Of The Mineral Composition Of Louisiana Wild Caught Shrimp By Icp-Oes And Classification Of Geographical Origin, Samantha Nichole Stein

LSU Master's Theses

Nationwide, seafood consumers are paying close attention to their seafood options and demanding transparency on point of origin. Recent studies have shown that shrimp can reflect the mineral content of the waters from which they are harvested. Mineral analysis was conducted using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry on the tail muscle from each coastal group and imported farmed raised samples. Analysis of variance was used to detect differences among catch locations and seasons along the Louisiana coast, as well as differences in the mineral profile of farm raised imported shrimp. Multivariate analysis of variance and descriptive analysis was used …

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Effects Of Induced Plant Resistance And Potassium Fertilization Rates On Soybean Looper (Chrysodeixis Includens) Development In Soybean, Xuan Chen Jan 2014

Effects Of Induced Plant Resistance And Potassium Fertilization Rates On Soybean Looper (Chrysodeixis Includens) Development In Soybean, Xuan Chen

LSU Master's Theses

Soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), is one of the most destructive pests of soybean in the southern U.S. It is highly resistant to most insecticides. Induced host plant resistance and cultural control are sought as alternative control tactics. In this study, effects of induced resistance by exogenous application of elicitors were estimated on soybean looper development in soybean. Three different known elicitors of SAR (systemic acquired resistance), Actigard 50WG (acibenzolar-S-methyl), Regalia (extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), were applied to soybean plants at R2 and R5 stages to determine if these chemicals could induce plant resistance and lower …

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Peg3 Mutational Effects On Reproduction And Placenta-Specific Gene Families, Joomyeong Kim, Wesley D. Frey, Hongzhi He, Hana Kim, Muhammad B. Ekram, Arundhati Bakshi, Mohammad Faisal, Bambarendage P.U. Perera, An Ye, Ryoichi Teruyama Dec 2013

Peg3 Mutational Effects On Reproduction And Placenta-Specific Gene Families, Joomyeong Kim, Wesley D. Frey, Hongzhi He, Hana Kim, Muhammad B. Ekram, Arundhati Bakshi, Mohammad Faisal, Bambarendage P.U. Perera, An Ye, Ryoichi Teruyama

Faculty Publications

Peg3 (paternally expressed gene 3) is an imprinted gene encoding a DNA-binding protein. This gene plays important roles in controlling fetal growth rates and nurturing behaviors. In the current study, a new mutant mouse model has been generated to further characterize the functions of this DNA-binding protein. Besides known phenotypes, this new mutant model also revealed potential roles of Peg3 in mammalian reproduction. Female heterozygotes produce a much smaller number of mature oocytes than the wild-type littermates, resulting in reduced litter sizes. According to genome-wide expression analyses, several placenta-specific gene families are de-repressed in the brain of Peg3 heterozygous embryos, …

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Authors' Response To Commentaries On 'Physical Activity Does Not Influence Obesity Risk', Amy Luke, Richard S. Cooper Dec 2013

Authors' Response To Commentaries On 'Physical Activity Does Not Influence Obesity Risk', Amy Luke, Richard S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Physical Activity Does Not Influence Obesity Risk: Time To Clarify The Public Health Message, Amy Luke, Richard S. Cooper Dec 2013

Physical Activity Does Not Influence Obesity Risk: Time To Clarify The Public Health Message, Amy Luke, Richard S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Evaluation Of Hand-Held Meters For Determination Of Hemolymph Lactate And Protein Concentrations In Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii, Christopher P. Bonvillain, D. Allen Rutherford, William E. Kelso, Christopher C. Green Dec 2013

Evaluation Of Hand-Held Meters For Determination Of Hemolymph Lactate And Protein Concentrations In Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii, Christopher P. Bonvillain, D. Allen Rutherford, William E. Kelso, Christopher C. Green

Faculty Publications

We evaluated the accuracy of an Accutrend® lactate meter and a Reichert® Vet 360 temperature compensated refractometer for determining red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) hemolymph lactate and protein concentrations, with results compared to measurements obtained from spectrophotometric analyses. Results from the lactate meter (R2 = 0.926) and refractometer (R2 = 0.830) both demonstrated strong relationships with spectrophotometer measurements, indicating that these instruments provide rapid, reliable, and economical methods for determining crayfish hemolymph lactate and protein concentrations. Both meters can provide on-site information to commercial crayfish farmers and processors to assess crayfish health and stress levels, and can also …

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Theft And Deterrence, William T. Harbaugh, Naci Mocan, Michael S. Visser Dec 2013

Theft And Deterrence, William T. Harbaugh, Naci Mocan, Michael S. Visser

Faculty Publications

We report results from economic experiments of decisions that are best described as petty larceny, with high school and college students who can anonymously steal real money from each other. Our design allows exogenous variation in the rewards of crime, and the penalty and probability of detection. We find that the probability of stealing is increasing in the amount of money that can be stolen, and that it is decreasing in the probability of getting caught and in the penalty for getting caught. Furthermore, the impact of the certainty of getting caught is larger when the penalty is bigger, and …

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Impact Of Obesity-Related Genes In Spanish Population, Fernando Martínez-García, María L. Mansego, Gemma Rojo-Martínez, Griselda De Marco-Solar, Sonsoles Morcillo, Federico Soriguer, Josep Redón, Monica Pineda Alonso, Juan C. Martín-Escudero, Richard S. Cooper, Felipe J. Chaves Nov 2013

Impact Of Obesity-Related Genes In Spanish Population, Fernando Martínez-García, María L. Mansego, Gemma Rojo-Martínez, Griselda De Marco-Solar, Sonsoles Morcillo, Federico Soriguer, Josep Redón, Monica Pineda Alonso, Juan C. Martín-Escudero, Richard S. Cooper, Felipe J. Chaves

Faculty Publications

Background: The objective was to investigate the association between BMI and single nucleotide polymorphisms previously identified of obesity-related genes in two Spanish populations. Forty SNPs in 23 obesity-related genes were evaluated in a rural population characterized by a high prevalence of obesity (869 subjects, mean age 46 yr, 62% women, 36% obese) and in an urban population (1425 subjects, mean age 54 yr, 50% women, 19% obese). Genotyping was assessed by using SNPlex and PLINK for the association analysis.Results: Polymorphisms of the FTO were significantly associated with BMI, in the rural population (beta 0.87, p-value <0.001). None of the other SNPs showed significant association after Bonferroni correction in the two populations or in the pooled analysis. A weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) was constructed using the risk alleles of the Tag-SNPs with a positive Beta parameter in both populations. From the first to the fifth quintile of the score, the BMI increased 0.45 kg/m2 in Hortega and 2.0 kg/m2 in Pizarra. Overall, the obesity predictive value was low (less than 1%).Conclusion: The risk associated with polymorphisms is low and the overall effect on BMI or obesity prediction is minimal. A weighted genetic risk score based on genes mainly acting through central nervous system mechanisms was associated with BMI but it yields minimal clinical prediction for the obesity risk in the general population. © 2013 Martínez-García et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Α1 But Not Α2 Catalytic Subunit Potentiates Myogenin Expression And Myogenesis, Xing Fu, Jun Xing Zhao, Mei Jun Zhu, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Mike V. Dodson, Min Du Nov 2013

Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Α1 But Not Α2 Catalytic Subunit Potentiates Myogenin Expression And Myogenesis, Xing Fu, Jun Xing Zhao, Mei Jun Zhu, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Mike V. Dodson, Min Du

Faculty Publications

The link between AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and myogenesis remains poorly defined. AMPK has two catalytic αsubunits, α1 and α2. We postulated that AMPK promotes myogenesis in an isoform-specific manner. Primary myoblasts wereprepared from AMPK knockout (KO) mice and AMPK conditional KO mice, and knockout of the α1 but not the α2 subunit resultedin downregulation of myogenin and reduced myogenesis. Myogenin expression and myogenesis were nearly abolished inthe absence of both AMPKα1 and AMPKα2, while enhanced AMPK activity promoted myogenesis and myotube formation. TheAMPKα1-specific effect on myogenesis was likely due to the dominant expression of α1 in myoblasts. These results …

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Common Variants Associated With Plasma Triglycerides And Risk For Coronary Artery Disease, Ron Do, Cristen J. Willer, Ellen M. Schmidt, Sebanti Sengupta, Chi Gao, Gina M. Peloso, Stefan Gustafsson, Stavroula Kanoni, Andrea Ganna, Jin Chen, Martin L. Buchkovich, Samia Mora, Jacques S. Beckmann, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Hsing Yi Chang, Ayse Demirkan, Heleen M. Den Hertog, Louise A. Donnelly, Georg B. Ehret, Tõnu Esko, Mary F. Feitosa, Teresa Ferreira, Krista Fischer, Pierre Fontanillas, Ross M. Fraser, Daniel F. Freitag, Deepti Gurdasani, Kauko Heikkilä, Elina Hyppönen, Aaron Isaacs, Anne U. Jackson, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson Nov 2013

Common Variants Associated With Plasma Triglycerides And Risk For Coronary Artery Disease, Ron Do, Cristen J. Willer, Ellen M. Schmidt, Sebanti Sengupta, Chi Gao, Gina M. Peloso, Stefan Gustafsson, Stavroula Kanoni, Andrea Ganna, Jin Chen, Martin L. Buchkovich, Samia Mora, Jacques S. Beckmann, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Hsing Yi Chang, Ayse Demirkan, Heleen M. Den Hertog, Louise A. Donnelly, Georg B. Ehret, Tõnu Esko, Mary F. Feitosa, Teresa Ferreira, Krista Fischer, Pierre Fontanillas, Ross M. Fraser, Daniel F. Freitag, Deepti Gurdasani, Kauko Heikkilä, Elina Hyppönen, Aaron Isaacs, Anne U. Jackson, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson

Faculty Publications

Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 × 10 -8 for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

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