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Deep Characterization Of The Microbiomes Of Calophya Spp. (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) Gall-Inducing Psyllids Reveals The Absence Of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria And Three Dominant Endosymbionts, Will A. Overholt, Rodrigo Diaz, Erin Rosskopf, Stefan J. Green, William A. Overholt Jul 2015

Deep Characterization Of The Microbiomes Of Calophya Spp. (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) Gall-Inducing Psyllids Reveals The Absence Of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria And Three Dominant Endosymbionts, Will A. Overholt, Rodrigo Diaz, Erin Rosskopf, Stefan J. Green, William A. Overholt

Faculty Publications

© This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Bacteria associated with sap-feeding insect herbivores include not only symbionts that may increase their hosts' fitness but also harmful plant pathogens. Calophya spp. gall-inducing psyllids (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) are being investigated for their potential as biological control agents of the noxious weed, Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia), in Florida. Although there are no examples of plant pathogen transmission by …

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Louisiana Agriculture Summer, 2015, Lsu Agcenter Jul 2015

Louisiana Agriculture Summer, 2015, Lsu Agcenter

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

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Phylogenetics, Divergence Times And Diversification From Three Genomic Partitions In Monocots, Kate L. Hertweck, Michael S. Kinney, Stephanie A. Stuart, Olivier Maurin, Sarah Mathews, Mark W. Chase, Maria A. Gandolfo, J. Chris Pires Jul 2015

Phylogenetics, Divergence Times And Diversification From Three Genomic Partitions In Monocots, Kate L. Hertweck, Michael S. Kinney, Stephanie A. Stuart, Olivier Maurin, Sarah Mathews, Mark W. Chase, Maria A. Gandolfo, J. Chris Pires

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Authors. Resolution of evolutionary relationships among some monocot orders remains problematic despite the application of various taxon and molecular locus sampling strategies. In this study we sequenced and analysed a fragment of the low-copy, nuclear phytochrome C (PHYC) gene and combined these data with a previous multigene data set (four plastid, one mitochondrial, two nuclear ribosomal loci) to determine if adding this marker improved resolution and support of relationships among major lineages of monocots. Our results indicate the addition of PHYC to the multigene dataset increases support along the backbone of the monocot tree, although relationships among …

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Lithium In Drinking Water And Suicide Mortality: Interplay With Lithium Prescriptions, Marco Helbich, Michael Leitner, Nestor D. Kapusta Jul 2015

Lithium In Drinking Water And Suicide Mortality: Interplay With Lithium Prescriptions, Marco Helbich, Michael Leitner, Nestor D. Kapusta

Faculty Publications

Background: Little is known about the effects of lithium intake through drinking water on suicide. This intake originates either from natural rock and soil elution and/or accumulation of lithium-based pharmaceuticals in ground water. Aims: To examine the interplay between natural lithium in drinking water, prescribed lithium-based pharmaceuticals and suicide in Austria. Method: Spatial Bayesian regressions for males, females and pooled suicide mortality rates were estimated. Results: Although the expected inverse association between lithium levels in drinking water and suicide mortality was confirmed for males and for total suicide rates, the relationship for females was not significant. The models do not …

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Resveratrol Induces Brown-Like Adipocyte Formation In White Fat Through Activation Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase (Ampk) Α1, S. Wang, X. Liang, Q. Yang, X. Fu, C. J. Rogers, M. Zhu, B. D. Rodgers, Q. Jiang, M. V. Dodson, M. Du Jun 2015

Resveratrol Induces Brown-Like Adipocyte Formation In White Fat Through Activation Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase (Ampk) Α1, S. Wang, X. Liang, Q. Yang, X. Fu, C. J. Rogers, M. Zhu, B. D. Rodgers, Q. Jiang, M. V. Dodson, M. Du

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Objective: Development of brown-like/beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) helps to reduce obesity. Thus we investigated the effects of resveratrol, a dietary polyphenol capable of preventing obesity and related complications in humans and animal models, on brown-like adipocyte formation in inguinal WAT (iWAT). Methods: CD1 female mice (5-month old) were fed a high-fat diet with/without 0.1% resveratrol. In addition, primary stromal vascular cells separated from iWAT were subjected to resveratrol treatment. Markers of brown-like (beige) adipogenesis were measured and the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1 was assessed using conditional …

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Ucp1 Is An Essential Mediator Of The Effects Of Methionine Restriction On Energy Balance But Not Insulin Sensitivity, Desiree Wanders, David H. Burk, Cory C. Cortez, Nancy T. Van, Kirsten P. Stone, Mollye Baker, Tamra Mendoza, Randall L. Mynatt, Thomas W. Gettys Jun 2015

Ucp1 Is An Essential Mediator Of The Effects Of Methionine Restriction On Energy Balance But Not Insulin Sensitivity, Desiree Wanders, David H. Burk, Cory C. Cortez, Nancy T. Van, Kirsten P. Stone, Mollye Baker, Tamra Mendoza, Randall L. Mynatt, Thomas W. Gettys

Faculty Publications

© FASEB. Dietary methionine restriction (MR) by 80%increases energy expenditure (EE), reduces adiposity, and improves insulin sensitivity. We propose that the MRinduced increase in EE limits fat deposition by increasing sympathetic nervous system-dependent remodeling of white adipose tissue and increasing uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in both white and brown adipose tissue. In independent assessments of the role of UCP1 as a mediator of MR's effects on EE and insulin sensitivity, EE did not differ between wild-type (WT) and Ucp1-/- mice on the control diet, butMR increased EE by 31%and reduced adiposity by 25% in WT mice. In contrast, …

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Disease And Dowry: Community Context, Gender, And Adult Health In India, Samuel Stroope Jun 2015

Disease And Dowry: Community Context, Gender, And Adult Health In India, Samuel Stroope

Faculty Publications

Despite growing research on health and residential contexts, relatively little is understood about gendered contexts that are differentially important for women's and men's physical health in low- and middle-income countries. This study advances the prior knowledge by examining whether the local frequency of a salient and gendered practice in India-dowry-is associated with gender differences in physical health (acute illness, illness length, and chronic illness). Analyses are conducted using multilevel logistic and negative binomial regression models and national data on men and women across India (N = 102,763). Results show that as dowry frequency increases in communities, not only do women …

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Ccl20 Is Elevated During Obesity And Differentially Regulated By Nf-Κb Subunits In Pancreatic Β-Cells, Susan J. Burke, Michael D. Karlstad, Kellie M. Regal, Tim E. Sparer, Danhong Lu, Carrie M. Elks, Ryan W. Grant, Jacqueline M. Stephens, David H. Burk, J. Jason Collier Jun 2015

Ccl20 Is Elevated During Obesity And Differentially Regulated By Nf-Κb Subunits In Pancreatic Β-Cells, Susan J. Burke, Michael D. Karlstad, Kellie M. Regal, Tim E. Sparer, Danhong Lu, Carrie M. Elks, Ryan W. Grant, Jacqueline M. Stephens, David H. Burk, J. Jason Collier

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Enhanced leukocytic infiltration into pancreatic islets contributes to inflammation-based diminutions in functional β-cell mass. Insulitis (aka islet inflammation), which can be present in both T1DM and T2DM, is one factor influencing pancreatic β-cell death and dysfunction. IL-1β, an inflammatory mediator in both T1DM and T2DM, acutely (within 1. h) induced expression of the CCL20 gene in rat and human islets and clonal β-cell lines. Transcriptional induction of CCL20 required the p65 subunit of NF-κB to replace the p50 subunit at two functional κB sites within the CCL20 proximal gene promoter. The NF-κB p50 subunit prevents CCL20 …

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An Extract Of Artemisia Dracunculus L. Stimulates Insulin Secretion From Β Cells, Activates Ampk And Suppresses Inflammation, Sita Aggarwal, Giri Shailendra, David M. Ribnicky, David Burk, Namrata Karki, M. S. Qingxia Wang May 2015

An Extract Of Artemisia Dracunculus L. Stimulates Insulin Secretion From Β Cells, Activates Ampk And Suppresses Inflammation, Sita Aggarwal, Giri Shailendra, David M. Ribnicky, David Burk, Namrata Karki, M. S. Qingxia Wang

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Ethnopharmacological relevance Artemisia dracunculus L. (Russian tarragon) is a perennial herb belonging to the family Compositae and has a history of medicinal use in humans, particularly for treatment of diabetes. Aim of the study: In this study a defined plant extract from A. dracunculus L. (termed PMI-5011) is used to improve beta(β) cells function and maintain β cell number in pancreatic islets as an alternative drug approach for successful treatment of diabetes. Materials and methods Mouse and human pancreatic beta cells were treated with defined plant extract of A. dracunculus L. (PMI-5011) …

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Induction Of Energy Expenditure By Sitagliptin Is Dependent On Glp-1 Receptor, Felicia Goldsmith, Michael J. Keenan, Anne M. Raggio, Xin Ye, Zheng Hao, Holiday Durham, James Geaghan, Weiping Jia, Roy J. Martin, Jianping Ye May 2015

Induction Of Energy Expenditure By Sitagliptin Is Dependent On Glp-1 Receptor, Felicia Goldsmith, Michael J. Keenan, Anne M. Raggio, Xin Ye, Zheng Hao, Holiday Durham, James Geaghan, Weiping Jia, Roy J. Martin, Jianping Ye

Faculty Publications

Sitagliptin (SG) increases serum GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) through inhibition of the hormone degradation. Resistant starch (RS) induces GLP-1 expression by stimulating L-cells in the intestine. Sitagliptin and resistant starch may have a synergistic interaction in the induction of GLP-1. This possibility was tested in current study in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia was induced in the diet-induced obese mice by a signal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Sitagliptin (0.4g/100g diet) was tested in the mice (n = 55) with dietary RS (HAM-RS2) at three dosages (0, 15, or 28g/100g diet). Energy and glucose metabolism were monitored in the …

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Synthesis, Functionalization, And Characterization Of Metallic And Organic Nanoparticles For Biomedical Applications, Christopher Brian Sylvester May 2015

Synthesis, Functionalization, And Characterization Of Metallic And Organic Nanoparticles For Biomedical Applications, Christopher Brian Sylvester

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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The Importance Of Glp-1 And Pyy In Resistant Starch's Effect On Body Fat In Mice, June Zhou, Roy J. Martin, Anne M. Raggio, Li Shen, Kathleen Mccutcheon, Michael J. Keenan May 2015

The Importance Of Glp-1 And Pyy In Resistant Starch's Effect On Body Fat In Mice, June Zhou, Roy J. Martin, Anne M. Raggio, Li Shen, Kathleen Mccutcheon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

Resistant starch (RS) is a dietary fermentable fiber that decreases body fat accumulation, and stimulates the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) in rodents. GLP-1 and PYY are gut-secreted hormones with antiobesity effect. Thus, blocking the signals of increased GLP-1 and PYY may also block the effect of dietary RS on body fat. In a 10-week study, C57BL/6J and GLP-1 receptor null (GLP-1R KO) mice were fed control or 30% RS diet, and received daily intraperitoneal injection of either saline or PYY receptor antagonist (BIIE0246, 20 μg/kg body weight). Dietary RS significantly decreased body fat accumulation only …

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Are Social Safety Net Programs Capable Of Reducing Material Hardship Among Low-Income Americans?, Ashlee M. Smith May 2015

Are Social Safety Net Programs Capable Of Reducing Material Hardship Among Low-Income Americans?, Ashlee M. Smith

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Biogeography Of A Plant Invasion: Plant-Herbivore Interactions, James T. Cronin, Ganesh P. Bhattarai, Warwick J. Allen, Laura A. Meyerson Apr 2015

Biogeography Of A Plant Invasion: Plant-Herbivore Interactions, James T. Cronin, Ganesh P. Bhattarai, Warwick J. Allen, Laura A. Meyerson

Faculty Publications

© 2015 by the Ecological Society of America. Theory predicts that native plant species should exhibit latitudinal gradients in the strength of their interactions with herbivores. We hypothesize that if an invasive plant species exhibits a different latitudinal gradient in response to herbivores (e.g., a nonparallel gradient), it can create large-scale heterogeneities in community resistance/susceptibility to the invasive species. We conducted a study of latitudinal variation in the strength of herbivory and defenses of native genotypes of Phragmites australis in North America (NA) and Europe (EU) and European invasive genotypes in NA. Within NA, we tested whether (1) invasive genotypes …

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Louisiana Agriculture Spring, 2015 Apr 2015

Louisiana Agriculture Spring, 2015

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

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Impact Of Westernization On Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels Among Individuals Of African Ancestry, Karl Eckberg, Holly Kramer, Myles Wolf, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Bamidele Tayo, Amy Luke, Richard Cooper Apr 2015

Impact Of Westernization On Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels Among Individuals Of African Ancestry, Karl Eckberg, Holly Kramer, Myles Wolf, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Bamidele Tayo, Amy Luke, Richard Cooper

Faculty Publications

IntroductionThe Western diet is associated with high consumption of processed foods preserved with phosphate. Higher dietary phosphate consumption stimulates production of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which heightens risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality. We hypothesized that adults living in a more westernized society have higher levels of FGF23 due to increased phosphate consumption as measured by urinary phosphate excretion. MethodsWe measured plasma C-terminal FGF23 levels and urinary phosphate and creatinine levels in timed urine collections among 100 African adults living in the rural area of Igbo-Ora, Nigeria (52 women, 48 men), and 100 African Americans (32 women, 68 men) …

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Identification Of A New Fatty Acid Catabolic Pathway During Heterotrophic Growth In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Clayton Mccuiston Apr 2015

Identification Of A New Fatty Acid Catabolic Pathway During Heterotrophic Growth In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Clayton Mccuiston

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Prolonged Proteasome Inhibition Cyclically Upregulates Oct3/4 And Nanog Gene Expression, But Reduces Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Colony Formation, Elizabeth Z. Floyd, Jaroslaw Staszkiewicz, Rachel A. Power, Gail Kilroy, Heather Kirk-Ballard, Christian W. Barnes, Karen L. Strickler, Jong S. Rim, Lettie L. Harkins, Ru Gao, Jeong Kim, Kenneth J. Eilertsen Apr 2015

Prolonged Proteasome Inhibition Cyclically Upregulates Oct3/4 And Nanog Gene Expression, But Reduces Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Colony Formation, Elizabeth Z. Floyd, Jaroslaw Staszkiewicz, Rachel A. Power, Gail Kilroy, Heather Kirk-Ballard, Christian W. Barnes, Karen L. Strickler, Jong S. Rim, Lettie L. Harkins, Ru Gao, Jeong Kim, Kenneth J. Eilertsen

Faculty Publications

There is ample evidence that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is an important regulator of transcription and its activity is necessary for maintaining pluripotency and promoting cellular reprogramming. Moreover, proteasome activity contributes to maintaining the open chromatin structure found in pluripotent stem cells, acting as a transcriptional inhibitor at specific gene loci generally associated with differentiation. The current study was designed to understand further the role of proteasome inhibition in reprogramming and its ability to modulate endogenous expression of pluripotency-related genes and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) colony formation. Herein, we demonstrate that acute combinatorial treatment with the proteasome inhibitors MG101 or …

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Effect Of Blueberry Extract From Blueberry Pomace On The Microencapsulated Fish Oil, Juan Li, Kevin Mis Solval, Luis Alfaro, Jie Zhang, Arranee Chotiko, Jose Luis Brandao Delgado, Alexander Chouljenko, David Bankston, Peter J. Bechtel, Subramaniam Sathivel Apr 2015

Effect Of Blueberry Extract From Blueberry Pomace On The Microencapsulated Fish Oil, Juan Li, Kevin Mis Solval, Luis Alfaro, Jie Zhang, Arranee Chotiko, Jose Luis Brandao Delgado, Alexander Chouljenko, David Bankston, Peter J. Bechtel, Subramaniam Sathivel

Faculty Publications

The effect of the addition of blueberry extract (BE) obtained from blueberry pomace on lipid oxidation of pollock liver oil (PO) during microencapsulation was evaluated. An emulsion containing PO and BE (EBE) was prepared and spray dried in a pilot scale spray dryer. Thiobarbituric acids (TBARS) of EBE were lower (0.41mmol/kg oil) than that of control without BE (ENBE) (0.47mmol/kg oil). Also, TBARS value of 0.49mmol/kg oil for microencapsulated PO with BE (MBE) after spray drying was lower than that of microencapsulated PO without BE (MNBE) (0.57mmol/kg oil). MBE also had a lower TBARS value than that of MNBE after …

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A Comparison Of Nutrient Intake, Nutrient Adequacy, Diet Quality, And Obesity Prevalence In Low-Income Children (2-18 Yr) Based On Participation In The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Nhanes 2003-2010, Matthew J. Landry Apr 2015

A Comparison Of Nutrient Intake, Nutrient Adequacy, Diet Quality, And Obesity Prevalence In Low-Income Children (2-18 Yr) Based On Participation In The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Nhanes 2003-2010, Matthew J. Landry

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Crematogaster Pilosa Ants As Bioindicators Of Ecosystem Marsh Health, Elliott R. Thompson Apr 2015

Crematogaster Pilosa Ants As Bioindicators Of Ecosystem Marsh Health, Elliott R. Thompson

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Elevated Hypertension Risk For African-Origin Populations In Biracial Societies: Modeling The Epidemiologic Transition Study, Richard S. Cooper, Terrence E. Forrester, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Estelle V. Lambert, Lara R. Dugas, Kathryn E. Cargill, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, David A. Shoham, Liping Tong, Guichan Cao, Amy Luke Mar 2015

Elevated Hypertension Risk For African-Origin Populations In Biracial Societies: Modeling The Epidemiologic Transition Study, Richard S. Cooper, Terrence E. Forrester, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Estelle V. Lambert, Lara R. Dugas, Kathryn E. Cargill, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, David A. Shoham, Liping Tong, Guichan Cao, Amy Luke

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES:: Blood pressures in persons of African descent exceed those of other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Whether this trait is attributable to the genetic factors in African-origin populations, or a result of inadequately measured environmental exposures, such as racial discrimination, is not known. To study this question, we conducted a multisite comparative study of communities in the African diaspora, drawn from metropolitan Chicago, Kingston, Jamaica, rural Ghana, Cape Town, South Africa, and the Seychelles. METHODS:: At each site, 500 participants between the age of 25 and 49 years, with approximately equal sex balance, were enrolled for a longitudinal …

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Faculty Senate Newsletter, March 2015, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College Mar 2015

Faculty Senate Newsletter, March 2015, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College

LSU Faculty Senate Publications

Message from President: In times like the present, the offhand suggestion that “it doesn’t really matter” comes across as crude and unfeeling, a kind of cheap cynicism voiced by a privileged person in the midst of other people’s struggles. Such a flip remark seems doubly dubious when attached to questions so pressing as the current budget crisis. Yet, in some sad sense, this idiom applies exactly to the situation in which fund-starved universities find themselves. Momentarily setting aside the stress and anxiety experienced by thousands of noblyintentioned professionals and other university employees, one can, without callousness, affirm that no sum …

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Examining The Motivations And Barriers Influencing The Decisions Of Louisiana State University College Of Agriculture Freshmen To Participate In International Experiences, Shelli Danjean, J. C. Bunch, Joey Blackburn Mar 2015

Examining The Motivations And Barriers Influencing The Decisions Of Louisiana State University College Of Agriculture Freshmen To Participate In International Experiences, Shelli Danjean, J. C. Bunch, Joey Blackburn

Faculty Publications

© 2015, Assoc. Int. Agricultural and Extension Education. All rights reserved. Over the past decade, universities in the United States (U.S) have increased time and financial investments put toward internationalizing their curricula, particularly in efforts to increase students’ participation in international experiences (IEs). Despite efforts, only 10% of U.S students participated in an IE in the 2011/2012 academic year, of which only 1.3% included students in agriculturally-related majors. The purpose of the study was to examine the motivations and barriers influencing the decisions of College of Agriculture (CoA) freshmen to participate in an international experience (IE). The majority of freshmen …

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Under-Reporting Of Dietary Energy Intake In Five Populations Of The African Diaspora, Lindsay Orcholski, Amy Luke, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Lara R. Dugas, Elizabeth Kettmann, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, Richard S. Cooper, Dale A. Schoeller Feb 2015

Under-Reporting Of Dietary Energy Intake In Five Populations Of The African Diaspora, Lindsay Orcholski, Amy Luke, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Lara R. Dugas, Elizabeth Kettmann, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, Richard S. Cooper, Dale A. Schoeller

Faculty Publications

Studies on the role of diet in the development of chronic diseases often rely on self-report surveys of dietary intake. Unfortunately, many validity studies have demonstrated that self-reported dietary intake is subject to systematic under-reporting, although the vast majority of such studies have been conducted in industrialised countries. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not systematic reporting error exists among the individuals of African ancestry (n 324) in five countries distributed across the Human Development Index (HDI) scale, a UN statistic devised to rank countries on non-income factors plus economic indicators. Using two 24 h …

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New Genetic Loci Link Adipose And Insulin Biology To Body Fat Distribution, D. Shungin, T. W. Winkler, D. C. Croteau-Chonka, T. Ferreira, A. E. Locke, R. Mägi, R. J. Strawbridge, T. H. Pers, K. Fischer, A. E. Justice, T. Workalemahu, J. M.W. Wu, M. L. Buchkovich, N. L. Heard-Costa, T. S. Roman, A. W. Drong, C. Song, S. Gustafsson, F. R. Day, T. Esko, T. Fall, Z. Kutalik, J. Luan, J. C. Randall, A. Scherag, S. Vedantam, A. R. Wood, J. Chen, R. Fehrmann, J. Karjalainen, B. Kahali, C. T. Liu, E. M. Schmidt Feb 2015

New Genetic Loci Link Adipose And Insulin Biology To Body Fat Distribution, D. Shungin, T. W. Winkler, D. C. Croteau-Chonka, T. Ferreira, A. E. Locke, R. Mägi, R. J. Strawbridge, T. H. Pers, K. Fischer, A. E. Justice, T. Workalemahu, J. M.W. Wu, M. L. Buchkovich, N. L. Heard-Costa, T. S. Roman, A. W. Drong, C. Song, S. Gustafsson, F. R. Day, T. Esko, T. Fall, Z. Kutalik, J. Luan, J. C. Randall, A. Scherag, S. Vedantam, A. R. Wood, J. Chen, R. Fehrmann, J. Karjalainen, B. Kahali, C. T. Liu, E. M. Schmidt

Faculty Publications

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, we conducted genome-wide association meta-analyses of waist and hip circumference-related traits in up to 224,459 individuals. We identified 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI) and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P<5×10-8). Twenty of the 49 WHRadjBMI loci showed significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which displayed a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation, and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.

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Genetic Studies Of Body Mass Index Yield New Insights For Obesity Biology, A. E. Locke, B. Kahali, S. I. Berndt, A. E. Justice, T. H. Pers, F. R. Day, C. Powell, S. Vedantam, M. L. Buchkovich, J. Yang, D. C. Croteau-Chonka, T. Esko, T. Fall, T. Ferreira, S. Gustafsson, Z. Kutalik, J. Luan, R. Mägi, J. C. Randall, T. W. Winkler, A. R. Wood, T. Workalemahu, J. D. Faul, J. A. Smith, J. H. Zhao, W. Zhao, J. Chen, R. Fehrmann, K. Hedman, J. Karjalainen, E. M. Schmidt, D. Absher, N. Amin Feb 2015

Genetic Studies Of Body Mass Index Yield New Insights For Obesity Biology, A. E. Locke, B. Kahali, S. I. Berndt, A. E. Justice, T. H. Pers, F. R. Day, C. Powell, S. Vedantam, M. L. Buchkovich, J. Yang, D. C. Croteau-Chonka, T. Esko, T. Fall, T. Ferreira, S. Gustafsson, Z. Kutalik, J. Luan, R. Mägi, J. C. Randall, T. W. Winkler, A. R. Wood, T. Workalemahu, J. D. Faul, J. A. Smith, J. H. Zhao, W. Zhao, J. Chen, R. Fehrmann, K. Hedman, J. Karjalainen, E. M. Schmidt, D. Absher, N. Amin

Faculty Publications

Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10-8), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20 % of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.

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Faculty Senate Newsletter, February 2015, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College Feb 2015

Faculty Senate Newsletter, February 2015, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College

LSU Faculty Senate Publications

Message from President: An ivy-league legend holds that early twentieth-century literary scholar George Lyman Kittredge once passed a doctoral student who had flubbed his dissertation defense when, upon asking the candidate about his smoking preferences, Kittredge discovered that the lad had a keen eye for quality cigars. Although we can thank our lucky stars that Kittredge’s kind of benevolent autocracy—his readiness to use unchecked authority to show off his combined power and tastefulness—is a thing of the past, we can also at least minimally mourn the passing of eccentricity and of the mix of moxie and eagerness that induces acts …

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Reply To T Weishaar, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, Pauline Camacho, Pascal Bovet, Terrence Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Andrew N. Hoofnagle, John Aloia, Bamidele Tayo, Lara R. Dugas, Richard S. Cooper, Amy Luke Feb 2015

Reply To T Weishaar, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, Pauline Camacho, Pascal Bovet, Terrence Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Andrew N. Hoofnagle, John Aloia, Bamidele Tayo, Lara R. Dugas, Richard S. Cooper, Amy Luke

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Regional Disparities In Obesity Prevalence In The United States: A Spatial Regime Analysis, Candice A. Myers, Tim Slack, Corby K. Martin, Stephanie T. Broyles, Steven B. Heymsfield Feb 2015

Regional Disparities In Obesity Prevalence In The United States: A Spatial Regime Analysis, Candice A. Myers, Tim Slack, Corby K. Martin, Stephanie T. Broyles, Steven B. Heymsfield

Faculty Publications

Objective Significant clusters of high- and low-obesity counties have been demonstrated across the United States (US). This study examined regional disparities in obesity prevalence and differences in the related structural characteristics across regions of the US. Methods Drawing on model-based estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, regional differences in county-level adult obesity prevalence (percent of the adult population [≥ 20 years] that was obese [BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2] within a county, 2009) were assessed with a LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association) analysis to identify geographic concentrations of high and low obesity levels. Regional regime analysis was …

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