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Dynamic Route Choice In Hurricane Evacuation, Meisam Akbarzadeh Jan 2012

Dynamic Route Choice In Hurricane Evacuation, Meisam Akbarzadeh

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this research a framework is developed for modeling route choice in hurricane evacuation. Two behavioral hypotheses are evaluated which together with the route choice model, constitute the contributions of the research. The first hypothesis states that beside congestion, other variables such as familiarity with the route, availability of fuel and shelter, facility class, and length of route have an effect on an evacuees' route choice. The second hypothesis states that as time passes and storm conditions change, the impact each variable has on route choice changes. The logit structure was used for modeling the choice process and stated choice …

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The Utilization Of Chemical Communication By Three Species Of Ghost Shrimp, Callichirus Islagrande, Callichirus Major, And Lepidophthalmus Louisianensis, And The Transport Of Chemical Cues Within And Between Burrows, Julie Emily Prerost Jan 2012

The Utilization Of Chemical Communication By Three Species Of Ghost Shrimp, Callichirus Islagrande, Callichirus Major, And Lepidophthalmus Louisianensis, And The Transport Of Chemical Cues Within And Between Burrows, Julie Emily Prerost

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A multidisciplinary study of the factors affecting the potential use of chemical cues by three species of infaunal shrimp was performed in three parts. A set of modified y-maze choice experiments were performed to establish the ability of three species of ghost shrimp, Callichirus islangrande, Callichirus major, and Leptidophthalmus louisianensis, to detect conspecifics via chemical cue. The time budgets for the detection of conspecifics chemical cues differed significantly from controls (no cue) for both animal cues and odor only cues indicating that all three species were able to detect the difference in sex of conspecific chemical cues regardless of cue …

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Nitrogen And Carbon Export To The Gulf Of Mexico By The Atchafalaya River, A Major Distributary Of The Mississippi River, April Elizabeth Bryantmason Jan 2012

Nitrogen And Carbon Export To The Gulf Of Mexico By The Atchafalaya River, A Major Distributary Of The Mississippi River, April Elizabeth Bryantmason

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Summer hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico has been attributed to large nutrient inputs, especially nitrate-nitrogen, from the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River system. The 2008 Gulf Hypoxia Action Plan calls for river corridor wetland restoration to reduce nitrate loads, but it is largely unknown how effective riverine wetland systems in the lower Mississippi River (MR) are for nitrate removal. This dissertation research examined nitrate and carbon export from the Atchafalaya River (AR) to: (1) determine nitrate processing by a river swamp basin under varied seasons, (2) investigate nitrate retention and processing in the AR during a major flood event, and (3) …

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Unraveling Ecological Effects On Social Behavior. Insights From Tent-Roosting Bats, Maria Sagot Jan 2012

Unraveling Ecological Effects On Social Behavior. Insights From Tent-Roosting Bats, Maria Sagot

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Although group living has been associated with high fitness cost, multiple lines of evidence have suggested that it has evolved multiple times independently. Given the wide diversity of social systems, it appears that multiple explanations are necessary to understand this process. Although evidence indicates that multiple ecological and environmental factors might promote variation in cohesion of social organisms, studies investigating how these factors interrelate and shape social structure have been limited. In the tropics, there are at least 23 bat species that roost in modified structures called tents. These species present a wide diversity in social systems. Moreover, they have …

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Intra-Individual Variability In Adult Adhd: An Exploration Of The Viability Of Distinct Purely Inattentive Condition, Daniel Proto Jan 2012

Intra-Individual Variability In Adult Adhd: An Exploration Of The Viability Of Distinct Purely Inattentive Condition, Daniel Proto

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Researchers have suggested that intraindividual variability (IIV), or variation in cognitive testing performance within an individual across a measure or group of measures, may be an endophenotypic marker of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, not all studies have consistently demonstrated significant differences in IIV between individuals with and without ADHD. One potential explanation for this ambiguity is experimental group heterogeneity owing to Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT). Individuals with SCT exhibit behavioral characteristics dissimilar from individuals with ADHD; rather than being impulsive, hyperactive, and aggressive, they tend to be shy, day-dreamy, and cognitively slow. Researchers have hypothesized that the presence of SCT …

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Amd&Art: Performativity And Participation In Ecological Remediation, Travis Paine Brisini Jan 2012

Amd&Art: Performativity And Participation In Ecological Remediation, Travis Paine Brisini

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this study, I examine and theorize AMD&ART, an artwork devoted to treating polluted water in Vintondale, PA. AMD&ART is much more than simply a water treatment facility, however. Each chapter of this document examines AMD&ART through the lens of a different body of scholarly literature: the literature associated with land art, Systems Theory, Network Theory, Companion Specieshood and others. The theoretical focus of this paper is the emergent importance of the concept of performativity—“that reiterative power of discourse to produce the phenomena that it regulates and constrains” (Butler, Bodies 2)—in the deconstruction of the binary division of “nature” and …

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Function And Diversity Of The Ship, Trinity, And Tiger Shoal Complex, With Emphasis On Macrofauna And Spawning Blue Crabs (Callinectes Sapidus), Carey George Gelpi Jr. Jan 2012

Function And Diversity Of The Ship, Trinity, And Tiger Shoal Complex, With Emphasis On Macrofauna And Spawning Blue Crabs (Callinectes Sapidus), Carey George Gelpi Jr.

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The ecological and economic value of sandy shoals off the Louisiana coast is not well understood. During three years of comprehensive benthic sampling and environmental measurements I studied the Ship, Trinity, Tiger Shoal Complex (STTSC), which comprises changing and discrete benthic habitats including high relief sandy shoals, and muddier, mostly deeper off-shoal areas, prone to hypoxia. Benthic macrofaunal assemblages of shoals included endemic species, and shoal communities were significantly different from each other and the muddier offshoal habitat, contributing to northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) regional biodiversity. Sand percentage was the most influential environmental parameter shaping macrofaunal community composition across …

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Cluster Based Jamming And Countermeasures For Wireless Sensor Network Mac Protocols, David Trammell Jan 2012

Cluster Based Jamming And Countermeasures For Wireless Sensor Network Mac Protocols, David Trammell

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of wireless nodes, usually with limited computing resources and available energy. The medium access control layer (MAC layer) directly guides the radio hardware and manages access to the radio spectrum in controlled way. A top priority for a WSN MAC protocol is to conserve energy, however tailoring the algorithm for this purpose can create or expose a number of security vulnerabilities. In particular, a regular duty cycle makes a node vulnerable to periodic jamming attacks. This vulnerability limits the use of use of a WSN in applications requiring high levels of security. …

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Visualization Of Time-Varying Data From Atomistic Simulations And Computational Fluid Dynamics, Bidur Bohara Jan 2012

Visualization Of Time-Varying Data From Atomistic Simulations And Computational Fluid Dynamics, Bidur Bohara

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Time-varying data from simulations of dynamical systems are rich in spatio-temporal information. A key challenge is how to analyze such data for extracting useful information from the data and displaying spatially evolving features in the space-time domain of interest. We develop/implement multiple approaches toward visualization-based analysis of time-varying data obtained from two common types of dynamical simulations: molecular dynamics (MD) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). We also make application case studies. Parallel first-principles molecular dynamics simulations produce massive amounts of time-varying three-dimensional scattered data representing atomic (molecular) configurations for material system being simulated. Rendering the atomic position-time series along with …

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Development Of An Estradiol-Dopamine Anagonist Protocol For Inducing Ovulation In Seasonally Anovulatory Mares, Pamela Boliew Mitcham Jan 2012

Development Of An Estradiol-Dopamine Anagonist Protocol For Inducing Ovulation In Seasonally Anovulatory Mares, Pamela Boliew Mitcham

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Five experiments were conducted to assess potential improvements in a protocol for inducing ovulation in seasonally anovulatory mares based upon estradiol pretreatment followed by dopamine antagonist injection. The first experiment compared various doses of estradiol cypionate (ECP) and domperidone (in biodegradable microparticles), as well as additions and deletions to the protocol. It was concluded that as little as 75 mg ECP and as little as 1.5 g of domperidone could be used with success, but that both components were required. In the second experiment, timing of the injection (1, 6, or 11 days apart) and ECP dose were assessed. It …

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The Impact Of An Informal Science Learning Environment On The Environmentally Responsible Behavior Of Adults: A Case Study, Kathryn Ann March Jan 2012

The Impact Of An Informal Science Learning Environment On The Environmentally Responsible Behavior Of Adults: A Case Study, Kathryn Ann March

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Since environmental education’s emergence in America, the field has been primarily focused on increasing environmental awareness, attitudes, knowledge, skills, and behavior. Yet the nation’s overall level of environmental literacy, especially with regard to the performance of environmentally responsible behaviors, continues to be low (Coyle, 2005). Unlike school-based education programs, which only reach a segment of the population, informal sites have the potential to influence learners of many ages and diverse backgrounds (NRC, 2009). Informal science learning environments (ISLEs) have been shown to provide personally meaningful learning experiences and have the potential to impact environmentally responsible decisions and actions (Falk, 2005). …

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Design, Synthesis, Characterization, And Application Of Peptides As Different Medical Treatment, Krystal Renee Fontenot Jan 2012

Design, Synthesis, Characterization, And Application Of Peptides As Different Medical Treatment, Krystal Renee Fontenot

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A peptide is defined, as a molecule that contains less than fifty amino acids; anything larger is a protein. Peptides are important molecules because they have diverse uses. Peptides were utilized in two ways: 1) Peptide bioconjugates containing a fluorescent porphyrin or phthalocyanine macrocycle were designed and investigated, with or without a PEG moiety for selective targeting of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). 2) Amyloid aggregating mitigating peptides (AAMPs) was synthesized and investigated containing polar amino acids, MiniPEGs, and/or ααAAs that have the ability to inhibit and disrupt Amyloid Beta (Aβ). The peptide bioconjugates containing a porphyrin or phthalocyanine …

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Role Of Herpes Simplex Type I Glycoproteins In Entry And Cell-Cell Fusion, Sona Chowdhury Jan 2012

Role Of Herpes Simplex Type I Glycoproteins In Entry And Cell-Cell Fusion, Sona Chowdhury

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus that infects primarily mucocutaneous epithelial cells and nervous tissue. Membrane fusion is an important aspect of the HSV-1 lifecycle, that occurs during viral entry (virus-cell fusion), viral spread (cell-to-cell fusion), as well as, during virion morphogenesis (assembly and egress). These membrane fusion steps involve complex interactions between multiple viral glycoproteins and cellular receptors. HSV-1 glycoprotein B (gB) is necessary but not sufficient for membrane fusion events. Despite the fact, that the majority of known hypermorphic mutations which cause extensive virus-induced cell fusion occur within glycoprotein K (gK); yet the role …

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A Performer's Guide To Stephen Paulus' Mad Book, Shadow Book: Songs Of Michael Morley, Jin Hin Yap Jan 2012

A Performer's Guide To Stephen Paulus' Mad Book, Shadow Book: Songs Of Michael Morley, Jin Hin Yap

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Stephen Paulus is a prolific American composer of the twenty-first century. Together with his primary collaborator Michael Dennis Browne, an English born, American poet, he has produced numerous compositions ranging from choral works to operatic. This document introduces Paulus’ early song cycle for tenor "Mad Book, Shadow Book: Songs of Michael Morley" (“Michael Morley Creaked,” “Falling Asleep in the Afternoon,” “I Feel Good Running,” “Morley’s Root Song,” “Calm, Calm,” and “Et in Arcadia, Morley”). Included is biographical and stylistic information about the composer and the poet, general information about the song cycle, and a performer’s guide to the songs, followed …

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Bird Ecology And Conservation In Peru's High Andean Petlands, Richard Edward Gibbons Jan 2012

Bird Ecology And Conservation In Peru's High Andean Petlands, Richard Edward Gibbons

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

High in the Andes, a unique peatland habitat exists precariously above the frostline and below snowline. These “bofedales”, as they are called in Peru, support an extraordinary avifauna consisting of both boreal and austral migratory species and residents. This ecosystem is predicted to be significantly reduced as a result of global climate change. We endeavored to understand the habitat associations and seasonality of the avian assemblage occurring in these permanent wetlands. Numerous detections of species outside of their documented geographic range provided an opportunity to assess geographic ranges using niche modeling. This novel approach provided insights and inferences for assessing …

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Investigations Into The Role Of Humic Acid In Biomembrane Permeability And The Effects Of Naturally Formed Gold And Silver Nanoparticles On These Interactions, Loice Marklyne Ojwang Jan 2012

Investigations Into The Role Of Humic Acid In Biomembrane Permeability And The Effects Of Naturally Formed Gold And Silver Nanoparticles On These Interactions, Loice Marklyne Ojwang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The mechanism and kinetics of the interaction of humic acids (HAs) with a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-Sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) large unilamellar vesicle (LUV) model biomembrane system were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. All three HAs studied induced a perturbation to the biomembrane bilayer structure at pH 4.8. Concentration dependence studies revealed that biomembrane perturbation increased with increasing HA concentrations for Suwannee River HA (SWHA) from 0 to 20 mg C/L. For both Leonardite HA (LAHA) and Florida Peat HA (FPHA) aggregation influenced biomembrane perturbation at concentrations above 5 and 7.5 mg C/L, respectively. Temperature studies over the environmentally relevant ranges of 10 to 30 °C …

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A Modeling, Optimization, And Analysis Framework For Designing Multi-Product Lignocellulosic Biorefineries, Paritosh Kumar Sharma Jan 2012

A Modeling, Optimization, And Analysis Framework For Designing Multi-Product Lignocellulosic Biorefineries, Paritosh Kumar Sharma

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The objective of this research is to propose a methodology to develop modular decision analysis frameworks to design value chains for enterprises in the renewable fuels and chemicals sector. The decision support framework focuses on providing strategic decision support to startup and new product ventures. The tasks that are embedded in the framework include process and systems design, technology and product selection, forecasting cost and market variables, designing network capacities, and analysis of risks. The Decision support system (DSS) proposed is based on optimization modeling; systems design are carried out using integer programming with multiple sets of process and network …

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Pmi 5011 Regulates The Ubiquitin Proteasome System In Skeletal Muscle, Heather Christianne Kirk-Ballard Jan 2012

Pmi 5011 Regulates The Ubiquitin Proteasome System In Skeletal Muscle, Heather Christianne Kirk-Ballard

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is associated with impaired glucose and protein metabolism in skeletal muscle. The impaired insulin signaling in skeletal muscle affects muscle mass by tilting the balance between skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation toward degradation, a process that is primarily regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Studies have shown that an extensively characterized ethanol extract of Artemisia dracunculus L (Russian Tarragon), termed PMI 5011, enhances insulin signaling in human primary skeletal muscle cells and in a rodent model of insulin resistance. The aim of this project is to determine if the effect of PMI 5011 on …

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Environmental And Landscape Determinants Of Population Genetic Structure And Diversity Of The Great Fruit-Eating Bat, Artibeus Lituratus, In Atlantic Forest Remnants In South America, Eve Sutherland Mcculloch Jan 2012

Environmental And Landscape Determinants Of Population Genetic Structure And Diversity Of The Great Fruit-Eating Bat, Artibeus Lituratus, In Atlantic Forest Remnants In South America, Eve Sutherland Mcculloch

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Ecologists and evolutionary biologists attempt to understand processes that determine distribution, abundance, and diversification of taxa through space and time. Genetic variation can provide insight into mechanisms governing the distribution and structure of natural populations, and population responses to environmental change, which in turn can have important consequences for the maintenance of species diversity. For my dissertation, I studied genetic variation of a seed-dispersing bat, Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), in a heterogeneous landscape in South America, with the objective of understanding environmental and spatial forces responsible for the distribution and dynamics of populations. First, I designed thousands of primer pairs …

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Modeling The Spatial And Temporal Dynamics Of Coastal Marsh Birds, Bradley A. Pickens Jan 2012

Modeling The Spatial And Temporal Dynamics Of Coastal Marsh Birds, Bradley A. Pickens

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Wetland birds are likely to be influenced by habitat at multiple spatial scales, yet few studies have investigated bird responses at both broad and fine scales. Northern Gulf Coast marshes are dynamic ecosystems, and they provide an ideal place to examine habitat across spatial and temporal scales. My research focused on the secretive marsh bird guild (i.e. bitterns, rails, gallinules, grebes) with an emphasis on the king rail (Rallus elegans), a species of high conservation concern. My objectives were to investigate the wetland bird-environment relationship across scales, and to model annual changes in bird distribution. Study sites were in the …

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A City And Its River: An Urban Political Ecology Of The Loop And Bridgeport In Chicago, Garrett Charles Wolf Jan 2012

A City And Its River: An Urban Political Ecology Of The Loop And Bridgeport In Chicago, Garrett Charles Wolf

LSU Master's Theses

Today’s urban environment is produced, both physically and perceptually, by a myriad of factors. Through a comparative study of two Chicago neighborhoods along the Chicago River, the Loop and Bridgeport, I construct the network of political, social, and economic factors that create the urban environment of the Chicago River in and along these places. I explore residents’ perception of who controls the production of the urban environment as it relates to the Chicago River, and how the socio-environment is created. In this study, I utilize an urban political ecology approach that recognizes that environments produced simultaneously by social and physical …

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Autonomic Nervous System Response To Repeated Cold Exposure, Jonathan A. Simmons Jan 2012

Autonomic Nervous System Response To Repeated Cold Exposure, Jonathan A. Simmons

LSU Master's Theses

Recent work suggests repeated cold exposure raises energy expenditure, partly due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation, which indicates repeated cold exposure as a possible strategy to combat obesity without significant behavioral changes. PURPOSE: (1) To examine the acute resting metabolic rate (RMR) response to mild cold exposure of 16° C and the acute autonomic nervous system (ANS) response to two cold exposures of 16° C and 4° C through heart rate variability (HRV) indices; and (2) to examine whether 4 weeks of daily cold exposure would result in adaptations in the metabolic and autonomic responses to acute cold exposure. METHODS: …

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Vacuum Tumbling For The Incorporation Of Phosphates In Gulf Shrimp., Matthew Daryl Cael Jan 2012

Vacuum Tumbling For The Incorporation Of Phosphates In Gulf Shrimp., Matthew Daryl Cael

LSU Master's Theses

A processing method for shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico region is to place mechanically peeled shrimp in plastic bags in a retail box and add a mixture of water, sodium chloride, and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). The box is then placed in frozen storage. As the shrimp and solution freeze, there is a potential for the shrimp to absorb solution inconsistently. When used properly, phosphates help to retain natural moisture, and protect the product through freezing and thawing. However, excessive absorption of phosphate solution can lead to a loss of functional benefits in the finished product. When thawed, the over-treated …

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Effect Of Embalming On The Decomposition Of Pigs, Michael Anne Keaton Jan 2012

Effect Of Embalming On The Decomposition Of Pigs, Michael Anne Keaton

LSU Master's Theses

Numerous studies have been conducted on the taphonomy of human remains since the inception of forensic anthropology. Through these studies, the rates of decomposition, animal activity, and insect activity have been investigated in a diverse range of situations. One area where few studies have been carried out concerns embalmed bodies left to decompose in the open. This study considers the effect of embalming fluid on the decomposition rate of bodies. Using the pig as an experimental model, three juvenile specimens were injected with increasing levels of formaldehyde –1%, 5%, and 10%– and a fourth pig, the control, was not embalmed. …

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Between Bodies: (Re)Constructing The Corps Québécois In Roch Carrier's La Guerre, Yes Sir!, Tara Beth Smithson Jan 2012

Between Bodies: (Re)Constructing The Corps Québécois In Roch Carrier's La Guerre, Yes Sir!, Tara Beth Smithson

LSU Master's Theses

Published during Québec’s Révolution Tranquille, but set during the final phase of World War II, Roch Carrier’s novel La guerre, yes sir! (1968) chronicles how one community copes with the sober homecoming of its first “son of the village” to die in the war. The novel centers on the fallen Corriveau’s repatriation to what was then considered French Canada. The body’s passage from one realm, in Europe, associated with French Canada’s multi-layered, quasi-colonial control, to another, in soon-to-be Quebec, associated with the province’s self-definition and burgeoning sense of sovereignty, offers an allegorical commentary on the Québécois people’s passage from a …

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Forage Systems For Finishing Steers In South Louisiana, Jose M. Rodriguez Jan 2012

Forage Systems For Finishing Steers In South Louisiana, Jose M. Rodriguez

LSU Master's Theses

Research has found conflicting results on animal performance and carcass traits associated with the use of forage as the primary feed source for finishing cattle. Consumer interest in forage-fed products has grown and little research has been done comparing performance of forage-fed animals and beef finished on different forages. Spring weaned calves (n=54; 257 ± 2.5 kg; 3/8 Gelbvieh, 3/8 Red Angus, and 1/4 Brahman) were used in the evaluation of three forage systems (S1, S2, and S3) on a 100% forage diet in two consecutive years (June 2009 and 2010). Steers were divided into 9 groups based on initial …

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The Effect Of Frozen Storage On The Survival Of Probiotic Microorganisms Found In Traditional And Commercial Kefir, Keely Virginia O'Brien Jan 2012

The Effect Of Frozen Storage On The Survival Of Probiotic Microorganisms Found In Traditional And Commercial Kefir, Keely Virginia O'Brien

LSU Master's Theses

Kefir is a fermented milk traditionally made from a unique starter culture, which consists of numerous bacteria and yeast species bound together in an exopolysaccharide matrix produced by certain lactic acid bacteria. Many health benefits are associated with traditionally produced kefir; however, bulging and leaking packaging, caused by secondary yeast fermentation during storage, has limited large scale manufacture traditionally produced kefir. Commercial kefir products have been designed to reduce these effects by using a pure starter culture consisting of a mixture of bacteria and yeast species that give a flavor similar to traditional kefir, but some health benefits may be …

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Color Locality, Michael Frederick Secor Jan 2012

Color Locality, Michael Frederick Secor

LSU Master's Theses

Secor, Michael, B.A. Art, Centre College, 2006 Master of Fine Arts, Spring Commencement, 2012 Studio Art Color Locality Thesis directed by Professor John Malveto Pages in thesis, 10. Words in abstract, 188. ABSTRACT I go outside to make small drawings and sketches of the local landscapes. My paintings are created in my studio. I use the lines and shapes from the drawings as a guide in making a design of color and space. This practice allows me to relate my enjoyment of the outdoors to my interest in color relationships. It is very important to me to spend time outside, …

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Identification Of Blood Protein In Louisiana Clay Sediment: Subtitle, Michelle D. Whipp Jan 2012

Identification Of Blood Protein In Louisiana Clay Sediment: Subtitle, Michelle D. Whipp

LSU Master's Theses

In modern forensics, soil from crime scenes is not tested for the presence of blood proteins. This is due to the belief that proteins degrade too quickly for detection. The purpose of this paper is to report on the research performed in an effort to counter that belief and in so doing, suggests changes in the current procedures. Using pig blood as an analog for human blood, blood was deposited outside, at two separate locations roughly a half mile apart, at a southern Louisiana cattle farm. Over 18 months, samples were taken from cores at the deposition sites and these …

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The Effects Of Spinosad On Culex Quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) And Non-Target Insect Species, Owen Mcbride Jones Jan 2012

The Effects Of Spinosad On Culex Quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) And Non-Target Insect Species, Owen Mcbride Jones

LSU Master's Theses

Spinosad is a relatively new insecticide with a unique mode of action that is being evaluated for control of larval mosquitoes. Whereas a number of toxicological studies have measured effects of spinosad on various mammals, fish, birds, and terrestrial arthropods, fewer studies have been conducted on the effects of spinosad on non-target aquatic insect species. Such studies are important as these species might be found in the same environments as mosquito larvae targeted for control. A neighborhood pond was surveyed to find a representative species of mosquito as well as other common aquatic insects with which to examine susceptibility to …

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