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Bioavailability Of Alpha-Tocopherol Entrapped In Poly (Lactide-Co-Glycolide) (Plga) And Plga-Chitosan Nanoparticles, Lacey Caroline Simon Jan 2014

Bioavailability Of Alpha-Tocopherol Entrapped In Poly (Lactide-Co-Glycolide) (Plga) And Plga-Chitosan Nanoparticles, Lacey Caroline Simon

LSU Master's Theses

Alpha-tocopherol (áT) is a hydrophobic, antioxidant molecule shown to prevent or retard the effects of free radicals associated with diseases. It is hypothesized that the bioavailability of áT can be improved when entrapped in PLGA (Poly lactide-co-glycolide) and PLGA-Chi (PLGA-Chitosan) nanoparticles and that the mucoadhesive properties of chitosan may enhance absorption more than PLGA alone. PLGA and PLGA-Chi NPs synthesized with PVA as surfactant were characterized by measuring entrapment efficiency, size, PDI, and zeta potential when suspended in DI water. Nanoparticle physical stability was evaluated via NP exposure to environmental pH ranging from 2.5-9. Chemical stability of entrapped áT was …

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Analysis And Expressive Performance : Four Selected Works By Chopin, Timothy David Saeed Jan 2014

Analysis And Expressive Performance : Four Selected Works By Chopin, Timothy David Saeed

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation, I examine four works by Chopin and address issues of expressive performance derived from principles of the nineteenth-century Swiss theorist, Mathis Lussy (1828-1910). Lussy’s systematic approach into the understanding and organization of the individual phrase in relation with performance practice resembles many recent theories of rhythm and performance methodologies. As have several recent theorists, Lussy sought the causes of expressive performance in the structure of the musical phrase, rather than a performer’s artistic intuition, and identified a tripartite classification of accent. The purpose of this study is to adapt and expand the application of Lussy’s theory of …

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A Standardized Ultrasonography Classification For Channel Catfish Ovarian Development, Noel D. Novelo Jan 2014

A Standardized Ultrasonography Classification For Channel Catfish Ovarian Development, Noel D. Novelo

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The goal of this dissertation was to develop application of ultrasonography as a decision-making tool in genetic improvement programs for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. A literature review on the use of ultrasonography in fish reproduction generated a comprehensive reference data set intended to benefit existing and potential users. It exposed the need for reporting of instrument control settings and standardization of fish handling and imaging procedures. These issues were addressed from the onset of this work by assessing more than 6,300 channel catfish ovaries by use of initial fish handling and imaging procedures developed (2004-2005) at the Louisiana State University …

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Effects Of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation On Bovine Oocyte Lipid Metabolism, Lipid Composition And Embryo Cryotolerance, Cody Lee Bailey Jan 2014

Effects Of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation On Bovine Oocyte Lipid Metabolism, Lipid Composition And Embryo Cryotolerance, Cody Lee Bailey

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Variation in cryotolerance exists between embryos from different animal breed, species and management conditions. Reduced tolerance to chilling and cryotolerance of oocytes and embryos has been associated with greater cytoplasmic lipids (Kim et al., 2001; Seidel, 2006). Previous studies in the cow have demonstrated nutrition-induced modification of follicular components. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was identified as a potent inhibitor of milk fat synthesis in lactating cows (Baumgard et al., 2000) and inclusion of CLA in bovine embryo culture medium improved post-thaw embryo survival (Pereira et al., 2007). Dietary supplementation of cows with CLA could alter oocyte fatty acid …

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Peg3 Mutational Effects On Reproduction And Placenta-Specific Gene Families, Joomyeong Kim, Wesley D. Frey, Hongzhi He, Hana Kim, Muhammad B. Ekram, Arundhati Bakshi, Mohammad Faisal, Bambarendage P.U. Perera, An Ye, Ryoichi Teruyama Dec 2013

Peg3 Mutational Effects On Reproduction And Placenta-Specific Gene Families, Joomyeong Kim, Wesley D. Frey, Hongzhi He, Hana Kim, Muhammad B. Ekram, Arundhati Bakshi, Mohammad Faisal, Bambarendage P.U. Perera, An Ye, Ryoichi Teruyama

Faculty Publications

Peg3 (paternally expressed gene 3) is an imprinted gene encoding a DNA-binding protein. This gene plays important roles in controlling fetal growth rates and nurturing behaviors. In the current study, a new mutant mouse model has been generated to further characterize the functions of this DNA-binding protein. Besides known phenotypes, this new mutant model also revealed potential roles of Peg3 in mammalian reproduction. Female heterozygotes produce a much smaller number of mature oocytes than the wild-type littermates, resulting in reduced litter sizes. According to genome-wide expression analyses, several placenta-specific gene families are de-repressed in the brain of Peg3 heterozygous embryos, …

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Factors Influencing Survival Of White-Tailed Deer Fawns In Coastal South Carolina, J. Clint Mccoy, Stephen S. Ditchkoff, Joshua B. Raglin, Bret A. Collier, Charles Ruth Dec 2013

Factors Influencing Survival Of White-Tailed Deer Fawns In Coastal South Carolina, J. Clint Mccoy, Stephen S. Ditchkoff, Joshua B. Raglin, Bret A. Collier, Charles Ruth

Faculty Publications

The social and environmental pressures exerted on white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus in the southeastern United States are dynamic. Understanding factors that contribute to neonatal white-tailed deer mortality is vital to population management. To determine survival rates and causes of mortality, we captured and radio-monitored neonate white-tailed deer in the coastal plain of South Carolina. Using date of birth, mass, sex, age, and year as predictor variables, we created a candidate set of survival models to evaluate which factors influenced daily survival rates. We captured and monitored 210 fawns and recorded 68 total mortalities (32.3%). We recorded few mortalities in 2006 …

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Model Combustion-Generated Particulate Matter Containing Persistent Free Radicals Redox Cycle To Produce Reactive Oxygen Species, Matthew A. Kelley, Valeria Y. Hebert, Taylor M. Thibeaux, Mackenzie A. Orchard, Farhana Hasan, Stephania A. Cormier, Paul T. Thevenot, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Kurt J. Varner, Barry Dellinger, Brian M. Latimer, Tammy R. Dugas Dec 2013

Model Combustion-Generated Particulate Matter Containing Persistent Free Radicals Redox Cycle To Produce Reactive Oxygen Species, Matthew A. Kelley, Valeria Y. Hebert, Taylor M. Thibeaux, Mackenzie A. Orchard, Farhana Hasan, Stephania A. Cormier, Paul T. Thevenot, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Kurt J. Varner, Barry Dellinger, Brian M. Latimer, Tammy R. Dugas

Faculty Publications

Particulate matter (PM) is emitted during thermal decomposition of waste. During this process, aromatic compounds chemisorb to the surface of metal-oxide-containing PM, forming a surface-stabilized environmentally persistent free radical (EPFR). We hypothesized that EPFR-containing PM redox cycle to produce ROS and that this redox cycle is maintained in biological environments. To test our hypothesis, we incubated model EPFRs with the fluorescent probe dihydrorhodamine (DHR). Marked increases in DHR fluorescence were observed. Using a more specific assay, hydroxyl radicals ( •OH) were also detected, and their level was further increased by cotreatment with thiols or ascorbic acid (AA), known components of …

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Unrecognized Coral Species Diversity Masks Differences In Functional Ecology, Jennifer N. Boulay, Michael E. Hellberg, Jorge Cortés, Iliana B. Baums Dec 2013

Unrecognized Coral Species Diversity Masks Differences In Functional Ecology, Jennifer N. Boulay, Michael E. Hellberg, Jorge Cortés, Iliana B. Baums

Faculty Publications

Porites corals are foundation species on Pacific reefs but a confused taxonomy hinders understanding of their ecosystem function and responses to climate change. Here, we show that what has been considered a single species in the eastern tropical Pacific, Porites lobata, includes a morphologically similar yet ecologically distinct species, Porites evermanni. While P. lobata reproduces mainly sexually, P. evermanni dominates in areas where triggerfish prey on bioeroding mussels living within the coral skeleton, thereby generating asexual coral fragments. These fragments proliferate in marginal habitat not colonized by P. lobata. The two Porites species also show a differential bleaching response despite …

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Decay Of Interspecific Avian Flock Networks Along A Disturbance Gradient In Amazonia, Karl Mokross, Thomas B. Ryder, Marina Corrêa Côrtes, Jared D. Wolfe, Philip C. Stouffer Dec 2013

Decay Of Interspecific Avian Flock Networks Along A Disturbance Gradient In Amazonia, Karl Mokross, Thomas B. Ryder, Marina Corrêa Côrtes, Jared D. Wolfe, Philip C. Stouffer

Faculty Publications

Our understanding of how anthropogenic habitat change shapes species interactions is in its infancy. This is in large part because analytical approaches such as network theory have only recently been applied to characterize complex community dynamics. Network models are a powerful tool for quantifying how ecological interactions are affected by habitat modification because they provide metrics that quantify community structure and function. Here, we examine how large-scale habitat alteration has affected ecological interactions among mixed-species flocking birds in Amazonian rainforest. These flocks provide a model system for investigating how habitat heterogeneity influences non-trophic interactions and the subsequent social structure of …

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Faculty Senate Newsletter, December 2013, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College Dec 2013

Faculty Senate Newsletter, December 2013, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College

LSU Faculty Senate Publications

Message from President: Discussion of higher education policy today takes place in the language or practicality: of productivity, of graduation targets, and of workforce development. Yet politics, even of the most pragmatic variety, is compounded as much of speculation and fantasy as of data, experience, or “reality.” Policy discussions quickly turn from what is to what should be. For decades—since the heyday of Margaret Thatcher—privatization has been heralded by “the silent majority” as the best way to increase efficiency. In academe, the twentieth-century dream of a lean, dynamic government has expressed itself in a faith in production line metrics such …

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Introduction To Special Collection On Geology, Tectonics And Hydrocarbon Systems Of Se Asia, Peter D. Clift, Zhen Sun Dec 2013

Introduction To Special Collection On Geology, Tectonics And Hydrocarbon Systems Of Se Asia, Peter D. Clift, Zhen Sun

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Social Regulation Of Male Reproductive Plasticity In An African Cichlid Fish, Karen P. Maruska, Russell D. Fernald Dec 2013

Social Regulation Of Male Reproductive Plasticity In An African Cichlid Fish, Karen P. Maruska, Russell D. Fernald

Faculty Publications

Social interactions with the outcome of a position in a dominance hierarchy can have profound effects on reproductive behavior and physiology, requiring animals to integrate environmental information with their internal physiological state; but how is salient information from the animal's dynamic social environment transformed into adaptive behavioral, physiological, and molecular-level changes? The African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, is ideally suited to understand socially controlled reproductive plasticity because activity of the male reproductive (brainpituitary gonad) axis is tightly linked to social status. Males form hierarchies in which a small percentage of brightly colored dominant individuals have an active reproductive axis, defend …

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Evaluation Of Hand-Held Meters For Determination Of Hemolymph Lactate And Protein Concentrations In Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii, Christopher P. Bonvillain, D. Allen Rutherford, William E. Kelso, Christopher C. Green Dec 2013

Evaluation Of Hand-Held Meters For Determination Of Hemolymph Lactate And Protein Concentrations In Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii, Christopher P. Bonvillain, D. Allen Rutherford, William E. Kelso, Christopher C. Green

Faculty Publications

We evaluated the accuracy of an Accutrend® lactate meter and a Reichert® Vet 360 temperature compensated refractometer for determining red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) hemolymph lactate and protein concentrations, with results compared to measurements obtained from spectrophotometric analyses. Results from the lactate meter (R2 = 0.926) and refractometer (R2 = 0.830) both demonstrated strong relationships with spectrophotometer measurements, indicating that these instruments provide rapid, reliable, and economical methods for determining crayfish hemolymph lactate and protein concentrations. Both meters can provide on-site information to commercial crayfish farmers and processors to assess crayfish health and stress levels, and can also …

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Phylogeny, Diversity, And Biogeography Of Southeast Asian Spiny Rats (Maxomys), Anang S. Achmadi, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Kevin C. Rowe, Ibnu Maryanto, M. T. Abdullah Dec 2013

Phylogeny, Diversity, And Biogeography Of Southeast Asian Spiny Rats (Maxomys), Anang S. Achmadi, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Kevin C. Rowe, Ibnu Maryanto, M. T. Abdullah

Faculty Publications

Knowledge of the diversity and relationships of species in many groups of plants and animals in Southeast Asia is severely limited, preventing an integrative understanding of evolutionary and ecological processes in island archipelagos. We generated a 3-locus DNA sequence data set to estimate phylogenetic relationships among species and populations of Maxomys, a genus of rodents endemic to Southeast Asia. Our inclusion of Crunomys as a potential outgroup supported the monophyly of Crunomys, but the genus was deeply nested within Maxomys. Because of the relatively ancient divergences (mean uncorrected p-distances up to 0.15 in cytochrome-b sequences) among species of Maxomys and …

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Distribution Of Seaside Sparrows (Ammodramus Maritimus) During The Breeding And Nonbreeding Seasons, Bonnie J. Slaton Dec 2013

Distribution Of Seaside Sparrows (Ammodramus Maritimus) During The Breeding And Nonbreeding Seasons, Bonnie J. Slaton

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Impact Of Obesity-Related Genes In Spanish Population, Fernando Martínez-García, María L. Mansego, Gemma Rojo-Martínez, Griselda De Marco-Solar, Sonsoles Morcillo, Federico Soriguer, Josep Redón, Monica Pineda Alonso, Juan C. Martín-Escudero, Richard S. Cooper, Felipe J. Chaves Nov 2013

Impact Of Obesity-Related Genes In Spanish Population, Fernando Martínez-García, María L. Mansego, Gemma Rojo-Martínez, Griselda De Marco-Solar, Sonsoles Morcillo, Federico Soriguer, Josep Redón, Monica Pineda Alonso, Juan C. Martín-Escudero, Richard S. Cooper, Felipe J. Chaves

Faculty Publications

Background: The objective was to investigate the association between BMI and single nucleotide polymorphisms previously identified of obesity-related genes in two Spanish populations. Forty SNPs in 23 obesity-related genes were evaluated in a rural population characterized by a high prevalence of obesity (869 subjects, mean age 46 yr, 62% women, 36% obese) and in an urban population (1425 subjects, mean age 54 yr, 50% women, 19% obese). Genotyping was assessed by using SNPlex and PLINK for the association analysis.Results: Polymorphisms of the FTO were significantly associated with BMI, in the rural population (beta 0.87, p-value <0.001). None of the other SNPs showed significant association after Bonferroni correction in the two populations or in the pooled analysis. A weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) was constructed using the risk alleles of the Tag-SNPs with a positive Beta parameter in both populations. From the first to the fifth quintile of the score, the BMI increased 0.45 kg/m2 in Hortega and 2.0 kg/m2 in Pizarra. Overall, the obesity predictive value was low (less than 1%).Conclusion: The risk associated with polymorphisms is low and the overall effect on BMI or obesity prediction is minimal. A weighted genetic risk score based on genes mainly acting through central nervous system mechanisms was associated with BMI but it yields minimal clinical prediction for the obesity risk in the general population. © 2013 Martínez-García et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Α1 But Not Α2 Catalytic Subunit Potentiates Myogenin Expression And Myogenesis, Xing Fu, Jun Xing Zhao, Mei Jun Zhu, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Mike V. Dodson, Min Du Nov 2013

Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Α1 But Not Α2 Catalytic Subunit Potentiates Myogenin Expression And Myogenesis, Xing Fu, Jun Xing Zhao, Mei Jun Zhu, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Mike V. Dodson, Min Du

Faculty Publications

The link between AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and myogenesis remains poorly defined. AMPK has two catalytic αsubunits, α1 and α2. We postulated that AMPK promotes myogenesis in an isoform-specific manner. Primary myoblasts wereprepared from AMPK knockout (KO) mice and AMPK conditional KO mice, and knockout of the α1 but not the α2 subunit resultedin downregulation of myogenin and reduced myogenesis. Myogenin expression and myogenesis were nearly abolished inthe absence of both AMPKα1 and AMPKα2, while enhanced AMPK activity promoted myogenesis and myotube formation. TheAMPKα1-specific effect on myogenesis was likely due to the dominant expression of α1 in myoblasts. These results …

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Immigration And Recruitment In An Urban White-Winged Dove Breeding Colony, Bret A. Collier, Shelly R. Kremer, Corey D. Mason, John Stone, Kirby W. Calhoun, Markus J. Peterson Nov 2013

Immigration And Recruitment In An Urban White-Winged Dove Breeding Colony, Bret A. Collier, Shelly R. Kremer, Corey D. Mason, John Stone, Kirby W. Calhoun, Markus J. Peterson

Faculty Publications

Dove population management necessitates estimates of vital rates for use in mechanistic models used to evaluate and predict population responses to environmental variation and/or alternative harvest scenarios. Estimating recruitment (number of juveniles per adult) is complicated because a compendium of factors drives production in doves. Whitewinged doves Zenaida asiatica exhibit a fairly unique breeding strategy wherein they commonly return to the same breeding area and reproduce in large breeding aggregations (i.e., colonies). We used an open-population capture-recapture model to estimate annual immigration and in situ recruitment of white-winged doves breeding in an urban colony during 2009 and 2010. We captured …

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Genseq: An Updated Nomenclature And Ranking For Genetic Sequences From Type And Non-Type Sources, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Melanie Warren, Lawrence M. Page, Carole C. Baldwin Nov 2013

Genseq: An Updated Nomenclature And Ranking For Genetic Sequences From Type And Non-Type Sources, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Melanie Warren, Lawrence M. Page, Carole C. Baldwin

Faculty Publications

An improved and expanded nomenclature for genetic sequences is introduced that corresponds with a ranking of the reliability of the taxonomic identification of the source specimens. This nomenclature is an advancement of the "Genetypes" naming system, which some have been reluctant to adopt because of the use of the "type" suffix in the terminology. In the new nomenclature, genetic sequences are labeled "genseq," followed by a reliability ranking (e.g., 1 if the sequence is from a primary type), followed by the name of the genes from which the sequences were derived (e.g., genseq-1 16S, COI). The numbered suffix provides an …

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Chronic Alcohol Induces M2 Polarization Enhancing Pulmonary Disease Caused By Exposure To Particulate Air Pollution, Paul Thevenot, Jordy Saravia, Joseph Giaimo, Kyle I. Happel, Tammy R. Dugas, Stephania A. Cormier Nov 2013

Chronic Alcohol Induces M2 Polarization Enhancing Pulmonary Disease Caused By Exposure To Particulate Air Pollution, Paul Thevenot, Jordy Saravia, Joseph Giaimo, Kyle I. Happel, Tammy R. Dugas, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

Background: Chronic alcohol consumption causes persistent oxidative stress in the lung, leading to impaired alveolar macrophage (AM) function and impaired immune responses. AMs play a critical role in protecting the lung from particulate matter (PM) inhalation by removing particulates from the airway and secreting factors which mediate airway repair. We hypothesized AM dysfunction caused by chronic alcohol consumption increases the severity of injury caused by PM inhalation. Methods: Age- and sex-matched C57BL/6 mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing either alcohol or an isocaloric substitution (control diet) for 8 weeks. Mice from both diet groups were exposed to combustion-derived …

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Faculty Senate Newsletter, November 2013, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College Nov 2013

Faculty Senate Newsletter, November 2013, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College

LSU Faculty Senate Publications

Message from President: Nearly fifty years ago, experts predicted that a chain of discount stores called “White Front” would eventually dominate American retailing in the way that other, currently struggling or now-defunct giants such as Sears, Montgomery Ward, May Company, and Macy’s once achieved substantial, even monopolistic market shares. Maybe a blanched “White Front” could not really fade, but the meteoric coming and going of such dynasties reminds us that peak moments often immediately precede declines. With the advent of the wistful autumn season, campus conversation inevitably turns to the sporty tail that seems to wag those universities that find …

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Common Variants Associated With Plasma Triglycerides And Risk For Coronary Artery Disease, Ron Do, Cristen J. Willer, Ellen M. Schmidt, Sebanti Sengupta, Chi Gao, Gina M. Peloso, Stefan Gustafsson, Stavroula Kanoni, Andrea Ganna, Jin Chen, Martin L. Buchkovich, Samia Mora, Jacques S. Beckmann, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Hsing Yi Chang, Ayse Demirkan, Heleen M. Den Hertog, Louise A. Donnelly, Georg B. Ehret, Tõnu Esko, Mary F. Feitosa, Teresa Ferreira, Krista Fischer, Pierre Fontanillas, Ross M. Fraser, Daniel F. Freitag, Deepti Gurdasani, Kauko Heikkilä, Elina Hyppönen, Aaron Isaacs, Anne U. Jackson, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson Nov 2013

Common Variants Associated With Plasma Triglycerides And Risk For Coronary Artery Disease, Ron Do, Cristen J. Willer, Ellen M. Schmidt, Sebanti Sengupta, Chi Gao, Gina M. Peloso, Stefan Gustafsson, Stavroula Kanoni, Andrea Ganna, Jin Chen, Martin L. Buchkovich, Samia Mora, Jacques S. Beckmann, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Hsing Yi Chang, Ayse Demirkan, Heleen M. Den Hertog, Louise A. Donnelly, Georg B. Ehret, Tõnu Esko, Mary F. Feitosa, Teresa Ferreira, Krista Fischer, Pierre Fontanillas, Ross M. Fraser, Daniel F. Freitag, Deepti Gurdasani, Kauko Heikkilä, Elina Hyppönen, Aaron Isaacs, Anne U. Jackson, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson

Faculty Publications

Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 × 10 -8 for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

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C. S. Lewis: The Art And Power Of Mythopoeia, Megan Joy Rials Nov 2013

C. S. Lewis: The Art And Power Of Mythopoeia, Megan Joy Rials

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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High Fat Diet Partially Attenuates Fermentation Responses In Rats Fed Resistant Starch From High-Amylose Maize, Jason A. Charrier, Roy J. Martin, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Anne M. Raggio, Felicia Goldsmith, M'Famara Goita, Reshani N. Senevirathne, Ian L. Brown, Christine Pelkman, June Zhou, John Finley, Holiday A. Durham, Michael J. Keenan Nov 2013

High Fat Diet Partially Attenuates Fermentation Responses In Rats Fed Resistant Starch From High-Amylose Maize, Jason A. Charrier, Roy J. Martin, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Anne M. Raggio, Felicia Goldsmith, M'Famara Goita, Reshani N. Senevirathne, Ian L. Brown, Christine Pelkman, June Zhou, John Finley, Holiday A. Durham, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

Objective The effects of type 2 resistant starch from high-amylose maize (HAM-RS2) in rodents fed with low-fat diets were demonstrated in previous studies. Fish oil is also reported to reduce body fat. In the current study, the effects of high fat and fish oil on HAM-RS2 feeding in rats were investigated. Design and Methods Rats were fed 0 or 27% (weight) HAM-RS2 with low (15% energy) or high fat (42% energy) diets that included 0 or 10% (energy) tuna oil to test the effect of HAM-RS2 in diet-induced obesity and effects of tuna oil. Data were analyzed as 2 × …

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Dietary Resistant Starch Improves Selected Brain And Behavioral Functions In Adult And Aged Rodents, June Zhou, Michael J. Keenan, Sun Ok Fernandez-Kim, Paul J. Pistell, Donald K. Ingram, Bing Li, Anne M. Raggio, Li Shen, Hanjie Zhang, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Richard T. Tulley, Marc R. Blackman, Jeffrey N. Keller, Roy J. Martin Nov 2013

Dietary Resistant Starch Improves Selected Brain And Behavioral Functions In Adult And Aged Rodents, June Zhou, Michael J. Keenan, Sun Ok Fernandez-Kim, Paul J. Pistell, Donald K. Ingram, Bing Li, Anne M. Raggio, Li Shen, Hanjie Zhang, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Richard T. Tulley, Marc R. Blackman, Jeffrey N. Keller, Roy J. Martin

Faculty Publications

Resistant starch (RS) is a dietary fiber that exerts multiple beneficial effects. The current study explored the effects of dietary RS on selected brain and behavioral functions in adult and aged rodents. Because glucokinase (GK) expression in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and area postrema of the brainstem is important for brain glucose sensing, GK mRNA was measured by brain nuclei microdissection and PCR. Adult RS-fed rats had a higher GK mRNA than controls in both brain nuclei, an indicator of improved brain glucose sensing. Next, we tested whether dietary RS improve selected behaviors in aged mice. RS-fed aged mice exhibited (i) …

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Single Dose Of Glycoprotein K (Gk)-Deleted Hsv-1 Live-Attenuated Virus Protects Mice Against Lethal Vaginal Challenge With Hsv-1 And Hsv-2 And Induces Lasting T Cell Memory Immune Responses, Arun V. Iyer, Bapi Pahar, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Jason D. Walker, Brent Stanfield, Konstantin G. Kousoulas Oct 2013

Single Dose Of Glycoprotein K (Gk)-Deleted Hsv-1 Live-Attenuated Virus Protects Mice Against Lethal Vaginal Challenge With Hsv-1 And Hsv-2 And Induces Lasting T Cell Memory Immune Responses, Arun V. Iyer, Bapi Pahar, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Jason D. Walker, Brent Stanfield, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

Background: Herpes simplex virus type-1(HSV-1) and HSV-2 are important human pathogens that cause significant ocular and urogenital complications, respectively. We have previously shown that HSV-1 virions lacking glycoprotein K (gK) are unable to enter into neurons via synaptic axonal membranes and be transported in either retrograde or anterograde manner. Here, we tested the ability of HSV-1 (F) gK-null to protect against lethal challenge with either highly virulent ocular HSV-1 (McKrae strain), or genital HSV-2 (G strain). The gK-null virus vaccine efficiently protected mice against lethal vaginal infection with either HSV-1(McKrae) or HSV-2 (G). Results: Female mice were immunized via a …

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Streptomyces Coelicolor Encodes A Urate-Responsive Transcriptional Regulator With Homology To Pecs From Plant Pathogens, Hao Huang, Brian J. Mackel, Anne Grove Oct 2013

Streptomyces Coelicolor Encodes A Urate-Responsive Transcriptional Regulator With Homology To Pecs From Plant Pathogens, Hao Huang, Brian J. Mackel, Anne Grove

Faculty Publications

Many transcriptional regulators control gene activity by responding to specific ligands. Members of the multiple-antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family of transcriptional regulators feature prominently in this regard, and they frequently function as repressors in the absence of their cognate ligands. Plant pathogens such as Dickeya dadantii encode a MarR homolog named PecS that controls expression of a gene encoding the efflux pump PecM in addition to other virulence genes. We report here that the soil bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor also encodes a PecS homolog (SCO2647) that regulates a pecM gene (SCO2646). S. coelicolor PecS, which exists as a homodimer, binds the …

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Antiviral Rna Silencing Initiated In The Absence Of Rde-4, A Double-Stranded Rna Binding Protein, In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Xunyang Guo, Rui Zhang, Jeffrey Wang, Rui Lu Oct 2013

Antiviral Rna Silencing Initiated In The Absence Of Rde-4, A Double-Stranded Rna Binding Protein, In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Xunyang Guo, Rui Zhang, Jeffrey Wang, Rui Lu

Faculty Publications

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) processed from double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of virus origins mediate potent antiviral defense through a process referred to as RNA interference (RNAi) or RNA silencing in diverse organisms. In the simple invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans, the RNAi process is initiated by a single Dicer, which partners with the dsRNA binding protein RDE-4 to process dsRNA into viral siRNAs (viRNAs). Notably, in C. elegans this RNA-directed viral immunity (RDVI) also requires a number of worm-specific genes for its full antiviral potential. One such gene is rsd-2 (RNAi spreading defective 2), which was implicated in RDVI in our previous studies. …

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Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates Myogenin Expression And Myogenesis Via Histone Deacetylase 5, Xing Fu, Jun Xing Zhao, Junfang Liang, Mei Jun Zhu, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Min Du Oct 2013

Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates Myogenin Expression And Myogenesis Via Histone Deacetylase 5, Xing Fu, Jun Xing Zhao, Junfang Liang, Mei Jun Zhu, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Min Du

Faculty Publications

There is a global epidemic of obesity, and obesity is known to inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and impairs myogenesis. Myogenin mediates the fusion of myoblasts into myotubes, a critical step in myogenesis. We observed that inhibition of AMPK1 downregulates myogenin expression and myogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We postulated that AMPK regulates myogenin expression through phosphorlytion of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5). In C2C12 cells, HDAC5 knockdown increased while HDAC5 stablization by MC1568 reduced myogenin expression. Consistently, using luciferase assay, we observed that myogenin promoter activity was negatively regulated by HDAC5. Using RNA interference and primary myoblasts …

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The Effects Of Hematopoietic Growth Factors On Neurite Outgrowth, Ye Su, Lili Cui, Chunshu Piao, Bin Li, Li Ru Zhao Oct 2013

The Effects Of Hematopoietic Growth Factors On Neurite Outgrowth, Ye Su, Lili Cui, Chunshu Piao, Bin Li, Li Ru Zhao

Faculty Publications

Stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are initially discovered as the essential hematopoietic growth factors regulating bone marrow stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and SCF in combination with G-CSF (SCF+G-CSF) has synergistic effects on bone marrow stem cell mobilization. In this study we have determined the effect of SCF and G-CSF on neurite outgrowth in rat cortical neurons. Using molecular and cellular biology and live cell imaging approaches, we have revealed that receptors for SCF and G-CSF are expressed on the growth core of cortical neurons, and that SCF+G-CSF synergistically enhances neurite extension through PI3K/AKT and NFκB …

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