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Louisiana Agriculture Summer, 2015, Lsu Agcenter Jul 2015

Louisiana Agriculture Summer, 2015, Lsu Agcenter

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

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Phylogenetics, Divergence Times And Diversification From Three Genomic Partitions In Monocots, Kate L. Hertweck, Michael S. Kinney, Stephanie A. Stuart, Olivier Maurin, Sarah Mathews, Mark W. Chase, Maria A. Gandolfo, J. Chris Pires Jul 2015

Phylogenetics, Divergence Times And Diversification From Three Genomic Partitions In Monocots, Kate L. Hertweck, Michael S. Kinney, Stephanie A. Stuart, Olivier Maurin, Sarah Mathews, Mark W. Chase, Maria A. Gandolfo, J. Chris Pires

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Authors. Resolution of evolutionary relationships among some monocot orders remains problematic despite the application of various taxon and molecular locus sampling strategies. In this study we sequenced and analysed a fragment of the low-copy, nuclear phytochrome C (PHYC) gene and combined these data with a previous multigene data set (four plastid, one mitochondrial, two nuclear ribosomal loci) to determine if adding this marker improved resolution and support of relationships among major lineages of monocots. Our results indicate the addition of PHYC to the multigene dataset increases support along the backbone of the monocot tree, although relationships among …

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Ocean Acidification Research In The 'Post-Genomic' Era: Roadmaps From The Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus, Tyler G. Evans, Jacqueline L. Padilla-Gamiño, Morgan W. Kelly, Melissa H. Pespeni, Francis Chan, Bruce A. Menge, Brian Gaylord, Tessa M. Hill, Ann D. Russell, Stephen R. Palumbi, Eric Sanford, Gretchen E. Hofmann Jul 2015

Ocean Acidification Research In The 'Post-Genomic' Era: Roadmaps From The Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus, Tyler G. Evans, Jacqueline L. Padilla-Gamiño, Morgan W. Kelly, Melissa H. Pespeni, Francis Chan, Bruce A. Menge, Brian Gaylord, Tessa M. Hill, Ann D. Russell, Stephen R. Palumbi, Eric Sanford, Gretchen E. Hofmann

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Elsevier Inc. Advances in nucleic acid sequencing technology are removing obstacles that historically prevented use of genomics within ocean change biology. As one of the first marine calcifiers to have its genome sequenced, purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) have been the subject of early research exploring genomic responses to ocean acidification, work that points to future experiments and illustrates the value of expanding genomic resources to other marine organisms in this new 'post-genomic' era. This review presents case studies of S. purpuratus demonstrating the ability of genomic experiments to address major knowledge gaps within ocean acidification. Ocean acidification …

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Acute Lung Injury Results From Innate Sensing Of Viruses By An Er Stress Pathway, Eike R. Hrincius, Swantje Liedmann, David Finkelstein, Peter Vogel, Shane Gansebom, Amali E. Samarasinghe, Dahui You, Stephania A. Cormier, Jonathan A. Mccullers Jun 2015

Acute Lung Injury Results From Innate Sensing Of Viruses By An Er Stress Pathway, Eike R. Hrincius, Swantje Liedmann, David Finkelstein, Peter Vogel, Shane Gansebom, Amali E. Samarasinghe, Dahui You, Stephania A. Cormier, Jonathan A. Mccullers

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Authors. Incursions of new pathogenic viruses into humans from animal reservoirs are occurring with alarming frequency. The molecular underpinnings of immune recognition, host responses, and pathogenesis in this setting are poorly understood. We studied pandemic influenza viruses to determine the mechanism by which increasing glycosylation during evolution of surface proteins facilitates diminished pathogenicity in adapted viruses. ER stress during infection with poorly glycosylated pandemic strains activated the unfolded protein response, leading to inflammation, acute lung injury, and mortality. Seasonal strains or viruses engineered to mimic adapted viruses displaying excess glycans on the hemagglutinin did not cause ER …

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Resveratrol Induces Brown-Like Adipocyte Formation In White Fat Through Activation Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase (Ampk) Α1, S. Wang, X. Liang, Q. Yang, X. Fu, C. J. Rogers, M. Zhu, B. D. Rodgers, Q. Jiang, M. V. Dodson, M. Du Jun 2015

Resveratrol Induces Brown-Like Adipocyte Formation In White Fat Through Activation Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase (Ampk) Α1, S. Wang, X. Liang, Q. Yang, X. Fu, C. J. Rogers, M. Zhu, B. D. Rodgers, Q. Jiang, M. V. Dodson, M. Du

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Objective: Development of brown-like/beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) helps to reduce obesity. Thus we investigated the effects of resveratrol, a dietary polyphenol capable of preventing obesity and related complications in humans and animal models, on brown-like adipocyte formation in inguinal WAT (iWAT). Methods: CD1 female mice (5-month old) were fed a high-fat diet with/without 0.1% resveratrol. In addition, primary stromal vascular cells separated from iWAT were subjected to resveratrol treatment. Markers of brown-like (beige) adipogenesis were measured and the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1 was assessed using conditional …

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Nitric Oxide Releases Cl− From Acidic Organelles In Retinal Amacrine Cells, Vijai Krishnan, Evanna Gleason Jun 2015

Nitric Oxide Releases Cl− From Acidic Organelles In Retinal Amacrine Cells, Vijai Krishnan, Evanna Gleason

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Krishnan and Gleason Determining the factors regulating cytosolic Cl− in neurons is fundamental to our understanding of the function of GABA- and glycinergic synapses. This is because the Cl− distribution across the postsynaptic plasma membrane determines the sign and strength of postsynaptic voltage responses. We have previously demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) releases Cl− into the cytosol from an internal compartment in both retinal amacrine cells and hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, we have shown that the increase in cytosolic Cl− is dependent upon a decrease in cytosolic pH. Here, our goals were to confirm the compartmental nature of the …

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Directional Sound Sensitivity In Utricular Afferents In The Toadfish Opsanus Tau, Karen P. Maruska, Allen F. Mensinger Jun 2015

Directional Sound Sensitivity In Utricular Afferents In The Toadfish Opsanus Tau, Karen P. Maruska, Allen F. Mensinger

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. The inner ear of fishes contains three paired otolithic end organs, the saccule, lagena and utricle, which function as biological accelerometers. The saccule is the largest otolith in most fishes and much of our current understanding on auditory function in this diverse group of vertebrates is derived from anatomical and neurophysiological studies on this end organ. In contrast, less is known about how the utricle contributes to auditory functions. In this study, chronically implanted electrodes were used, along with neural telemetry or tethers to record primary afferent responses from the utricular …

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Ucp1 Is An Essential Mediator Of The Effects Of Methionine Restriction On Energy Balance But Not Insulin Sensitivity, Desiree Wanders, David H. Burk, Cory C. Cortez, Nancy T. Van, Kirsten P. Stone, Mollye Baker, Tamra Mendoza, Randall L. Mynatt, Thomas W. Gettys Jun 2015

Ucp1 Is An Essential Mediator Of The Effects Of Methionine Restriction On Energy Balance But Not Insulin Sensitivity, Desiree Wanders, David H. Burk, Cory C. Cortez, Nancy T. Van, Kirsten P. Stone, Mollye Baker, Tamra Mendoza, Randall L. Mynatt, Thomas W. Gettys

Faculty Publications

© FASEB. Dietary methionine restriction (MR) by 80%increases energy expenditure (EE), reduces adiposity, and improves insulin sensitivity. We propose that the MRinduced increase in EE limits fat deposition by increasing sympathetic nervous system-dependent remodeling of white adipose tissue and increasing uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in both white and brown adipose tissue. In independent assessments of the role of UCP1 as a mediator of MR's effects on EE and insulin sensitivity, EE did not differ between wild-type (WT) and Ucp1-/- mice on the control diet, butMR increased EE by 31%and reduced adiposity by 25% in WT mice. In contrast, …

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Disease And Dowry: Community Context, Gender, And Adult Health In India, Samuel Stroope Jun 2015

Disease And Dowry: Community Context, Gender, And Adult Health In India, Samuel Stroope

Faculty Publications

Despite growing research on health and residential contexts, relatively little is understood about gendered contexts that are differentially important for women's and men's physical health in low- and middle-income countries. This study advances the prior knowledge by examining whether the local frequency of a salient and gendered practice in India-dowry-is associated with gender differences in physical health (acute illness, illness length, and chronic illness). Analyses are conducted using multilevel logistic and negative binomial regression models and national data on men and women across India (N = 102,763). Results show that as dowry frequency increases in communities, not only do women …

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Ccl20 Is Elevated During Obesity And Differentially Regulated By Nf-Κb Subunits In Pancreatic Β-Cells, Susan J. Burke, Michael D. Karlstad, Kellie M. Regal, Tim E. Sparer, Danhong Lu, Carrie M. Elks, Ryan W. Grant, Jacqueline M. Stephens, David H. Burk, J. Jason Collier Jun 2015

Ccl20 Is Elevated During Obesity And Differentially Regulated By Nf-Κb Subunits In Pancreatic Β-Cells, Susan J. Burke, Michael D. Karlstad, Kellie M. Regal, Tim E. Sparer, Danhong Lu, Carrie M. Elks, Ryan W. Grant, Jacqueline M. Stephens, David H. Burk, J. Jason Collier

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Enhanced leukocytic infiltration into pancreatic islets contributes to inflammation-based diminutions in functional β-cell mass. Insulitis (aka islet inflammation), which can be present in both T1DM and T2DM, is one factor influencing pancreatic β-cell death and dysfunction. IL-1β, an inflammatory mediator in both T1DM and T2DM, acutely (within 1. h) induced expression of the CCL20 gene in rat and human islets and clonal β-cell lines. Transcriptional induction of CCL20 required the p65 subunit of NF-κB to replace the p50 subunit at two functional κB sites within the CCL20 proximal gene promoter. The NF-κB p50 subunit prevents CCL20 …

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An Extract Of Artemisia Dracunculus L. Stimulates Insulin Secretion From Β Cells, Activates Ampk And Suppresses Inflammation, Sita Aggarwal, Giri Shailendra, David M. Ribnicky, David Burk, Namrata Karki, M. S. Qingxia Wang May 2015

An Extract Of Artemisia Dracunculus L. Stimulates Insulin Secretion From Β Cells, Activates Ampk And Suppresses Inflammation, Sita Aggarwal, Giri Shailendra, David M. Ribnicky, David Burk, Namrata Karki, M. S. Qingxia Wang

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Ethnopharmacological relevance Artemisia dracunculus L. (Russian tarragon) is a perennial herb belonging to the family Compositae and has a history of medicinal use in humans, particularly for treatment of diabetes. Aim of the study: In this study a defined plant extract from A. dracunculus L. (termed PMI-5011) is used to improve beta(β) cells function and maintain β cell number in pancreatic islets as an alternative drug approach for successful treatment of diabetes. Materials and methods Mouse and human pancreatic beta cells were treated with defined plant extract of A. dracunculus L. (PMI-5011) …

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Inhibition Of Cytochrome P450 2b4 By Environmentally Persistent Free Radical-Containing Particulate Matter, James R. Reed, Albert Leo N.Dela Cruz, Slawo M. Lomnicki, Wayne L. Backes May 2015

Inhibition Of Cytochrome P450 2b4 By Environmentally Persistent Free Radical-Containing Particulate Matter, James R. Reed, Albert Leo N.Dela Cruz, Slawo M. Lomnicki, Wayne L. Backes

Faculty Publications

Combustion processes generate particulate matter (PM) that can affect human health. The presence of redox-active metals and aromatic hydrocarbons in the post-combustion regions results in the formation of air-stable, environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) on entrained particles. Exposure to EPFRs has been shown to negatively influence pulmonary and cardiovascular functions. Cytochromes P450 (P450/CYP) are endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins that are responsible for the metabolism of foreign compounds. Previously, it was shown that model EPFRs, generated by exposure of silica containing 5% copper oxide (CuO-Si) to either dicholorobenzene (DCB230) or 2-monochlorophenol (MCP230) at ≥ 230°C, inhibited six forms of P450 in …

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Biological Evidence Supports An Early And Complex Emergence Of The Isthmus Of Panama, Christine D. Bacona, Daniele Silvestro, Carlos Jaramillo, Brian Tilston Smith, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Alexandre Antonelli May 2015

Biological Evidence Supports An Early And Complex Emergence Of The Isthmus Of Panama, Christine D. Bacona, Daniele Silvestro, Carlos Jaramillo, Brian Tilston Smith, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Alexandre Antonelli

Faculty Publications

The linking of North and South America by the Isthmus of Panama had major impacts on global climate, oceanic and atmospheric currents, and biodiversity, yet the timing of this critical event remains contentious. The Isthmus is traditionally understood to have fully closed by ca. 3.5 million years ago (Ma), and this date has been used as a benchmark for oceanographic, climatic, and evolutionary research, but recent evidence suggests a more complex geological formation. Here, we analyze both molecular and fossil data to evaluate the tempo of biotic exchange across the Americas in light of geological evidence. We demonstrate significant waves …

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Induction Of Energy Expenditure By Sitagliptin Is Dependent On Glp-1 Receptor, Felicia Goldsmith, Michael J. Keenan, Anne M. Raggio, Xin Ye, Zheng Hao, Holiday Durham, James Geaghan, Weiping Jia, Roy J. Martin, Jianping Ye May 2015

Induction Of Energy Expenditure By Sitagliptin Is Dependent On Glp-1 Receptor, Felicia Goldsmith, Michael J. Keenan, Anne M. Raggio, Xin Ye, Zheng Hao, Holiday Durham, James Geaghan, Weiping Jia, Roy J. Martin, Jianping Ye

Faculty Publications

Sitagliptin (SG) increases serum GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) through inhibition of the hormone degradation. Resistant starch (RS) induces GLP-1 expression by stimulating L-cells in the intestine. Sitagliptin and resistant starch may have a synergistic interaction in the induction of GLP-1. This possibility was tested in current study in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia was induced in the diet-induced obese mice by a signal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Sitagliptin (0.4g/100g diet) was tested in the mice (n = 55) with dietary RS (HAM-RS2) at three dosages (0, 15, or 28g/100g diet). Energy and glucose metabolism were monitored in the …

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Expansion Of Brucellosis Detection In The Country Of Georgia By Screening Household Members Of Cases And Neighboring Community Members, Lia Sanodze, Christian T. Bautista, Natalia Garuchava, Svetlana Chubinidze, Ekaterine Tsertsvadze, Mariam Broladze, Nazibrola Chitadze, Ketevan Sidamonidze, Shota Tsanava, Tamar Akhvlediani, Robert G. Rivard, Rupal Mody, Matthew J. Hepburn, Philip H. Elzer, Mikeljon P. Nikolich, Nino Trapaidze May 2015

Expansion Of Brucellosis Detection In The Country Of Georgia By Screening Household Members Of Cases And Neighboring Community Members, Lia Sanodze, Christian T. Bautista, Natalia Garuchava, Svetlana Chubinidze, Ekaterine Tsertsvadze, Mariam Broladze, Nazibrola Chitadze, Ketevan Sidamonidze, Shota Tsanava, Tamar Akhvlediani, Robert G. Rivard, Rupal Mody, Matthew J. Hepburn, Philip H. Elzer, Mikeljon P. Nikolich, Nino Trapaidze

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Sanodze et al.; licensee BioMed Central. Background: Brucellosis is considered as endemic zoonotic disease in the country of Georgia. However, the burden of the disease on a household level is not known. Therefore, this study sought to determine the benefits of active surveillance coupled to serological screening for the early detection of brucellosis among close contacts of brucellosis cases. Methods: We used an active surveillance approach to estimate the rate of seropositivity among household family members and neighboring community members of brucellosis index cases. All participants were screened using the serum tube agglutination test (SAT). Blood cultures were …

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Plant Neighborhood Effects On Herbivory: Damage Is Both Density And Frequency Dependent, Tania N. Kim, Nora Underwood, J. T. Cronin May 2015

Plant Neighborhood Effects On Herbivory: Damage Is Both Density And Frequency Dependent, Tania N. Kim, Nora Underwood, J. T. Cronin

Faculty Publications

© 2015 by the Ecological Society of America. Neighboring plants can affect the likelihood that a focal plant is attacked by herbivores. Both the density of conspecific neighbors (resource concentration or dilution effects) and the relative density of heterospecific neighbors (associational effects or effects of neighbor frequency) within the local neighborhood can affect herbivore load and plant damage. Understanding how these neighborhood effects influence processes such as plant competition or natural selection on plant resistance traits will require knowing how both plant density and frequency affect damage, but previous studies have generally confounded density and frequency effects. In this study, …

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Deflating Trees: Improving Bayesian Branch-Length Estimates Using Informed Priors, Bradley J. Nelson, John J. Andersen, Jeremy M. Brown May 2015

Deflating Trees: Improving Bayesian Branch-Length Estimates Using Informed Priors, Bradley J. Nelson, John J. Andersen, Jeremy M. Brown

Faculty Publications

© 2015 © The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected]. Prior distributions can have a strong effect on the results of Bayesian analyses. However, no general consensus exists for how priors should be set in all circumstances. Branch-length priors are of particular interest for phylogenetics, because they affect many parameters and biologically relevant inferences have been shown to be sensitive to the chosen prior distribution. Here, we explore the use of outside information to set informed branch-length priors and compare inferences from these …

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A Second Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene (Crh2) Is Conserved Across Vertebrate Classes And Expressed In The Hindbrain Of A Basal Neopterygian Fish, The Spotted Gar (Lepisosteus Oculatus), Brian P. Grone, Karen P. Maruska May 2015

A Second Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene (Crh2) Is Conserved Across Vertebrate Classes And Expressed In The Hindbrain Of A Basal Neopterygian Fish, The Spotted Gar (Lepisosteus Oculatus), Brian P. Grone, Karen P. Maruska

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. To investigate the origins of the vertebrate stress-response system, we searched sequenced vertebrate genomes for genes resembling corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). We found that vertebrate genomes possess, in addition to CRH, another gene that resembles CRH in sequence and syntenic environment. This paralogous gene was previously identified only in the elephant shark (a holocephalan), but we find it also in marsupials, monotremes, lizards, turtles, birds, and fishes. We examined the relationship of this second vertebrate CRH gene, which we name CRH2, to CRH1 (previously known as CRH) and urocortin1/urotensin1 (UCN1/UTS1) in primitive fishes, teleosts, and tetrapods. …

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Visualization And Analysis Of Wikipedia Data Relating To Louisiana And Its Culture, Morgan Hargrove May 2015

Visualization And Analysis Of Wikipedia Data Relating To Louisiana And Its Culture, Morgan Hargrove

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Self-Concept And Product Extension: Why Some Products “Wear In” While Others “Wear Out”, Carmen M. Hawkins May 2015

Self-Concept And Product Extension: Why Some Products “Wear In” While Others “Wear Out”, Carmen M. Hawkins

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Patterns Of Survival And Roost Switching In An African Insectivorous Bat, A. Monadjem, R. A. Mccleery, B. Collier May 2015

Patterns Of Survival And Roost Switching In An African Insectivorous Bat, A. Monadjem, R. A. Mccleery, B. Collier

Faculty Publications

Variation in survival over time and among age and sex classes drives population dynamics for a large majority of long-lived species and is critical to understanding species demography. For highly mobile species that actively move among potential breeding locations, coupling survival information with estimates of locational fidelity provides the basis for our understanding of species population dynamics. We studied the effect of time, age and sex class and climatic variables on survival and roost transition probabilities on a population of Egyptian slit-faced bats in Swaziland from 1450 marked individuals from 16 roosts over a 10-year period. We then used variance …

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The Importance Of Glp-1 And Pyy In Resistant Starch's Effect On Body Fat In Mice, June Zhou, Roy J. Martin, Anne M. Raggio, Li Shen, Kathleen Mccutcheon, Michael J. Keenan May 2015

The Importance Of Glp-1 And Pyy In Resistant Starch's Effect On Body Fat In Mice, June Zhou, Roy J. Martin, Anne M. Raggio, Li Shen, Kathleen Mccutcheon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

Resistant starch (RS) is a dietary fermentable fiber that decreases body fat accumulation, and stimulates the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) in rodents. GLP-1 and PYY are gut-secreted hormones with antiobesity effect. Thus, blocking the signals of increased GLP-1 and PYY may also block the effect of dietary RS on body fat. In a 10-week study, C57BL/6J and GLP-1 receptor null (GLP-1R KO) mice were fed control or 30% RS diet, and received daily intraperitoneal injection of either saline or PYY receptor antagonist (BIIE0246, 20 μg/kg body weight). Dietary RS significantly decreased body fat accumulation only …

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The Dynamics Of Memory Retrieval: Using Mouse Movements To Test Single­ And Dual­Process Theories, Brittany Martin May 2015

The Dynamics Of Memory Retrieval: Using Mouse Movements To Test Single­ And Dual­Process Theories, Brittany Martin

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Isolation And Characterization Of A Novel Extremely Halophilic Euryarchaeota From Hypersaline Cinders And Sediment, Shannon Mcduff May 2015

Isolation And Characterization Of A Novel Extremely Halophilic Euryarchaeota From Hypersaline Cinders And Sediment, Shannon Mcduff

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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The Successional Grid, Erin Percevault May 2015

The Successional Grid, Erin Percevault

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Grammatical Morphology In A Child With Autism, Katherine Ball May 2015

Grammatical Morphology In A Child With Autism, Katherine Ball

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Employing Extracellular Vesicles To Overcome Immunological Barriers To Aav- Mediated Gene Transfer & Ethical And Policy Implications Of Orphan Drug Development And Accessibility, Zachary Fitzpatrick May 2015

Employing Extracellular Vesicles To Overcome Immunological Barriers To Aav- Mediated Gene Transfer & Ethical And Policy Implications Of Orphan Drug Development And Accessibility, Zachary Fitzpatrick

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Retrotransposon-Derived Promoter Of Mammalian Aebp2, Hana Kim, Arundhati Bakshi, Joomyeong Kim Apr 2015

Retrotransposon-Derived Promoter Of Mammalian Aebp2, Hana Kim, Arundhati Bakshi, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Kim et al. Variable DNA methylation in promoter regions has been implicated in altering transcriptional regulation. The current study analyzed the evolutionary origin and DNA methylation pattern of one of the promoters of Aebp2 . According to the results, the first promoter of Aebp2 has been derived from retrotransposons independently in the primate and rodent lineages. DNA methylation analyses revealed that this promoter is unmethylated in sperm, methylated in mature oocytes, and partially methylated at embryonic day 10.5 (78.3%) and 14.5 (58.3%). This promoter also shows variable levels of DNA methylation among adult organs, ranging from the highest …

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The Physics Of Proton Therapy, Wayne D. Newhauser, Rui Zhang Apr 2015

The Physics Of Proton Therapy, Wayne D. Newhauser, Rui Zhang

Faculty Publications

The physics of proton therapy has advanced considerably since it was proposed in 1946. Today analytical equations and numerical simulation methods are available to predict and characterize many aspects of proton therapy. This article reviews the basic aspects of the physics of proton therapy, including proton interaction mechanisms, proton transport calculations, the determination of dose from therapeutic and stray radiations, and shielding design. The article discusses underlying processes as well as selected practical experimental and theoretical methods. We conclude by briefly speculating on possible future areas of research of relevance to the physics of proton therapy.

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Biogeography Of A Plant Invasion: Plant-Herbivore Interactions, James T. Cronin, Ganesh P. Bhattarai, Warwick J. Allen, Laura A. Meyerson Apr 2015

Biogeography Of A Plant Invasion: Plant-Herbivore Interactions, James T. Cronin, Ganesh P. Bhattarai, Warwick J. Allen, Laura A. Meyerson

Faculty Publications

© 2015 by the Ecological Society of America. Theory predicts that native plant species should exhibit latitudinal gradients in the strength of their interactions with herbivores. We hypothesize that if an invasive plant species exhibits a different latitudinal gradient in response to herbivores (e.g., a nonparallel gradient), it can create large-scale heterogeneities in community resistance/susceptibility to the invasive species. We conducted a study of latitudinal variation in the strength of herbivory and defenses of native genotypes of Phragmites australis in North America (NA) and Europe (EU) and European invasive genotypes in NA. Within NA, we tested whether (1) invasive genotypes …

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