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Louisiana Agriculture Spring, 2015 Apr 2015

Louisiana Agriculture Spring, 2015

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

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Recycling Antibiotics Into Gumbos: A New Combination Strategy To Combat Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria, Marsha R. Cole, Jeffery A. Hobden, Isiah M. Warner Apr 2015

Recycling Antibiotics Into Gumbos: A New Combination Strategy To Combat Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria, Marsha R. Cole, Jeffery A. Hobden, Isiah M. Warner

Faculty Publications

© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, coupled with the lack of new antibiotics in development, is fast evolving into a global crisis. New strategies utilizing existing antibacterial agents are urgently needed. We propose one such strategy in which four outmoded β-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin and oxacillin) and a well-known antiseptic (chlorhexidine di-acetate) were fashioned into a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) as an alternative to conventional combination drug dosing strategies. The antibacterial activity of precursor ions (e.g., chlorhexidine diacetate and β-lactam antibiotics), GUMBOS and their unreacted mixtures were studied …

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Motoneuron Axon Pathfinding Errors In Zebrafish: Differential Effects Related To Concentration And Timing Of Nicotine Exposure, Evdokia Menelaou, Latoya T. Paul, Surangi N. Perera, Kurt R. Svoboda Apr 2015

Motoneuron Axon Pathfinding Errors In Zebrafish: Differential Effects Related To Concentration And Timing Of Nicotine Exposure, Evdokia Menelaou, Latoya T. Paul, Surangi N. Perera, Kurt R. Svoboda

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Elsevier Inc. Nicotine exposure during embryonic stages of development can affect many neurodevelopmental processes. In the developing zebrafish, exposure to nicotine was reported to cause axonal pathfinding errors in the later born secondary motoneurons (SMNs). These alterations in SMN axon morphology coincided with muscle degeneration at high nicotine concentrations (15-30. μM). Previous work showed that the paralytic mutant zebrafish known as sofa potato exhibited nicotine-induced effects onto SMN axons at these high concentrations but in the absence of any muscle deficits, indicating that pathfinding errors could occur independent of muscle effects.In this study, we used varying concentrations of …

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Interspecific Competition Affects Evolutionary Links Between Cavity Nesting, Migration And Clutch Size In Old World Flycatchers (Muscicapdae), Sahas Barve, Nicholas A. Mason Apr 2015

Interspecific Competition Affects Evolutionary Links Between Cavity Nesting, Migration And Clutch Size In Old World Flycatchers (Muscicapdae), Sahas Barve, Nicholas A. Mason

Faculty Publications

© 2015 British Ornithologists' Union. The ecology of cavity nesting in passerine birds has been studied extensively, yet there are no phylogenetic comparative studies that quantify differences in life history traits between cavity- and open-nesting birds within a passerine family. We test existing hypotheses regarding the evolutionary significance of cavity nesting in the Old World flycatchers (Muscicapidae). We used a multi-locus phylogeny of 252 species to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cavity nesting and to quantify correlations between nest types and life history traits. Within a phylogenetic generalized linear model framework, we found that cavity-nesting species are larger than open-nesting …

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Drivers Of Observed Biotic Homogenization In Pine Barrens Of Central Wisconsin, Daijiang Li, Donald Waller Apr 2015

Drivers Of Observed Biotic Homogenization In Pine Barrens Of Central Wisconsin, Daijiang Li, Donald Waller

Faculty Publications

© 2015 by the Ecological Society of America. Fire suppression throughout the 20th century greatly altered plant communities in fire-dominated systems across North America. Our ability to assess these effects over the long term, however, is handicapped by the paucity of baseline data. Here, we used detailed baseline data from the 1950s to track changes in the over- and understory composition of pinebarrens vegetation growing on sandy, glacial lake-bed sediments in central Wisconsin. We expected fire suppression to favor succession to closed-canopy conditions, leading to decreases in shade-intolerant and fire-Adapted species and consequent reductions in alpha and gamma diversity. We …

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Impact Of Westernization On Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels Among Individuals Of African Ancestry, Karl Eckberg, Holly Kramer, Myles Wolf, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Bamidele Tayo, Amy Luke, Richard Cooper Apr 2015

Impact Of Westernization On Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels Among Individuals Of African Ancestry, Karl Eckberg, Holly Kramer, Myles Wolf, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Bamidele Tayo, Amy Luke, Richard Cooper

Faculty Publications

IntroductionThe Western diet is associated with high consumption of processed foods preserved with phosphate. Higher dietary phosphate consumption stimulates production of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which heightens risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality. We hypothesized that adults living in a more westernized society have higher levels of FGF23 due to increased phosphate consumption as measured by urinary phosphate excretion. MethodsWe measured plasma C-terminal FGF23 levels and urinary phosphate and creatinine levels in timed urine collections among 100 African adults living in the rural area of Igbo-Ora, Nigeria (52 women, 48 men), and 100 African Americans (32 women, 68 men) …

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His-Tagged And Myc-Tagged Βca Fusion Genes May Aid In The Characterization Of The Role Of Carbonic Anhydrases In Photosynthesis, Dequantarius Speed Apr 2015

His-Tagged And Myc-Tagged Βca Fusion Genes May Aid In The Characterization Of The Role Of Carbonic Anhydrases In Photosynthesis, Dequantarius Speed

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Effect Of Blueberry Extract From Blueberry Pomace On The Microencapsulated Fish Oil, Juan Li, Kevin Mis Solval, Luis Alfaro, Jie Zhang, Arranee Chotiko, Jose Luis Brandao Delgado, Alexander Chouljenko, David Bankston, Peter J. Bechtel, Subramaniam Sathivel Apr 2015

Effect Of Blueberry Extract From Blueberry Pomace On The Microencapsulated Fish Oil, Juan Li, Kevin Mis Solval, Luis Alfaro, Jie Zhang, Arranee Chotiko, Jose Luis Brandao Delgado, Alexander Chouljenko, David Bankston, Peter J. Bechtel, Subramaniam Sathivel

Faculty Publications

The effect of the addition of blueberry extract (BE) obtained from blueberry pomace on lipid oxidation of pollock liver oil (PO) during microencapsulation was evaluated. An emulsion containing PO and BE (EBE) was prepared and spray dried in a pilot scale spray dryer. Thiobarbituric acids (TBARS) of EBE were lower (0.41mmol/kg oil) than that of control without BE (ENBE) (0.47mmol/kg oil). Also, TBARS value of 0.49mmol/kg oil for microencapsulated PO with BE (MBE) after spray drying was lower than that of microencapsulated PO without BE (MNBE) (0.57mmol/kg oil). MBE also had a lower TBARS value than that of MNBE after …

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Development Of Inexpensive Educational Robotics Tools, Brandon Oubre Apr 2015

Development Of Inexpensive Educational Robotics Tools, Brandon Oubre

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Characterization Of A Novel Retrotransposon In New World Monkeys, Sreeja Sanampudi Apr 2015

Characterization Of A Novel Retrotransposon In New World Monkeys, Sreeja Sanampudi

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Our Cosmogonies: Creation Myth In Everyday Moments, Samantha Bares Apr 2015

Our Cosmogonies: Creation Myth In Everyday Moments, Samantha Bares

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Crematogaster Pilosa Ants As Bioindicators Of Ecosystem Marsh Health, Elliott R. Thompson Apr 2015

Crematogaster Pilosa Ants As Bioindicators Of Ecosystem Marsh Health, Elliott R. Thompson

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Yy1 Gene Dosage Effect And Bi-Allelic Expression Of Peg3, Bambarendage P.U. Perera, Ryoichi Teruyama, Joomyeong Kim Mar 2015

Yy1 Gene Dosage Effect And Bi-Allelic Expression Of Peg3, Bambarendage P.U. Perera, Ryoichi Teruyama, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Perera et al. In the current study, we tested the in vivo effects of Yy1 gene dosage on the Peg3 imprinted domain with various breeding schemes utilizing two sets of mutant alleles. The results indicated that a half dosage of Yy1 coincides with the up-regulation of Peg3 and Zim1, suggesting a repressor role of Yy1 in this imprinted domain. This repressor role of Yy1 is consistent with the observations derived from previous in vitro studies. The current study also provided an unexpected observation that the maternal allele of Peg3 is also normally expressed, and thus the expression of …

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The Structural Basis For Specificity In Lipoxygenase Catalysis, Marcia E. Newcomer, Alan R. Brash Mar 2015

The Structural Basis For Specificity In Lipoxygenase Catalysis, Marcia E. Newcomer, Alan R. Brash

Faculty Publications

© 2014 The Protein Society. Many intriguing facets of lipoxygenase (LOX) catalysis are open to a detailed structural analysis. Polyunsaturated fatty acids with two to six double bonds are oxygenated precisely on a particular carbon, typically forming a single chiral fatty acid hydroperoxide product. Molecular oxygen is not bound or liganded during catalysis, yet it is directed precisely to one position and one stereo configuration on the reacting fatty acid. The transformations proceed upon exposure of substrate to enzyme in the presence of O2 (RH + O2 → ROOH), so it has proved challenging to capture the precise mode of …

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Examining The Motivations And Barriers Influencing The Decisions Of Louisiana State University College Of Agriculture Freshmen To Participate In International Experiences, Shelli Danjean, J. C. Bunch, Joey Blackburn Mar 2015

Examining The Motivations And Barriers Influencing The Decisions Of Louisiana State University College Of Agriculture Freshmen To Participate In International Experiences, Shelli Danjean, J. C. Bunch, Joey Blackburn

Faculty Publications

© 2015, Assoc. Int. Agricultural and Extension Education. All rights reserved. Over the past decade, universities in the United States (U.S) have increased time and financial investments put toward internationalizing their curricula, particularly in efforts to increase students’ participation in international experiences (IEs). Despite efforts, only 10% of U.S students participated in an IE in the 2011/2012 academic year, of which only 1.3% included students in agriculturally-related majors. The purpose of the study was to examine the motivations and barriers influencing the decisions of College of Agriculture (CoA) freshmen to participate in an international experience (IE). The majority of freshmen …

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Toll-Like Receptor 4 Inhibition Within The Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates Blood Pressure And Inflammatory Response In A Genetic Model Of Hypertension, Rahul B. Dange, Deepmala Agarwal, Ryoichi Teruyama, Joseph Francis Feb 2015

Toll-Like Receptor 4 Inhibition Within The Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates Blood Pressure And Inflammatory Response In A Genetic Model Of Hypertension, Rahul B. Dange, Deepmala Agarwal, Ryoichi Teruyama, Joseph Francis

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Dange et al. Background: Despite the availability of several antihypertensive medications, the morbidity and mortality caused by hypertension is on the rise, suggesting the need for investigation of novel signaling pathways involved in its pathogenesis. Recent evidence suggests the role of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in various inflammatory diseases, including hypertension. The role of the brain in the initiation and progression of all forms of hypertension is well established, but the role of brain TLR4 in progression of hypertension has never been explored. Therefore, we investigated the role of TLR4 within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN; an important cardioregulatory …

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Oncostatin M Modulation Of Lipid Storage, Carrie M. Elks, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Jacqueline M. Stephens Feb 2015

Oncostatin M Modulation Of Lipid Storage, Carrie M. Elks, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Oncostatin M (OSM) is a cytokine belonging to the gp130 family, whose members serve pleiotropic functions. However, several actions of OSM are unique from those of other gp130 cytokines, and these actions may have critical roles in inflammatory mechanisms influencing several metabolic and biological functions of insulin-sensitive tissues. In this review, the actions of OSM in adipose tissue and liver are discussed, with an emphasis on lipid metabolism.

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Impaired Gamma Delta T Cell-Derived Il-17a And Inflammasome Activation During Early Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection In Infants, Huaqiong Huang, Jordy Saravia, Dahui You, Aaron J. Shaw, Stephania A. Cormier Feb 2015

Impaired Gamma Delta T Cell-Derived Il-17a And Inflammasome Activation During Early Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection In Infants, Huaqiong Huang, Jordy Saravia, Dahui You, Aaron J. Shaw, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Australasian Society for Immunology Inc. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection remains a significant global health burden disproportionately affecting infants and leading to long-term lung disease. Interleukin (IL)-17A has been shown to be involved in regulating viral and allergic lung inflammatory responses, which has led to a more recent interest in its role in RSV infection. Using a neonatal mouse model of RSV, we demonstrate that neonates fail to develop IL-17A responses compared with adult mice; the main immediate IL-17A contributor in adults were γδ T cells. Antibody neutralization of IL-17A in adult mice caused increased lung inflammation and …

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Exposure To Electronic Cigarettes Impairs Pulmonary Anti-Bacterial And Anti-Viral Defenses In A Mouse Model, Thomas E. Sussan, Sachin Gajghate, Rajesh K. Thimmulappa, Jinfang Ma, Jung Hyun Kim, Kuladeep Sudini, Nicola Consolini, Stephania A. Cormier, Slawo Lomnicki, Farhana Hasan, Andrew Pekosz, Shyam Biswal Feb 2015

Exposure To Electronic Cigarettes Impairs Pulmonary Anti-Bacterial And Anti-Viral Defenses In A Mouse Model, Thomas E. Sussan, Sachin Gajghate, Rajesh K. Thimmulappa, Jinfang Ma, Jung Hyun Kim, Kuladeep Sudini, Nicola Consolini, Stephania A. Cormier, Slawo Lomnicki, Farhana Hasan, Andrew Pekosz, Shyam Biswal

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Sussan et al. Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) have experienced sharp increases in popularity over the past five years due to many factors, including aggressive marketing, increased restrictions on conventional cigarettes, and a perception that E-cigs are healthy alternatives to cigarettes. Despite this perception, studies on health effects in humans are extremely limited and in vivo animal models have not been generated. Presently, we determined that E-cig vapor contains 7x1011 free radicals per puff. To determine whether E-cig exposure impacts pulmonary responses in mice, we developed an inhalation chamber for E-cig exposure. Mice that were exposed to E-cig vapor contained …

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Faculty Senate Newsletter, February 2015, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College Feb 2015

Faculty Senate Newsletter, February 2015, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College

LSU Faculty Senate Publications

Message from President: An ivy-league legend holds that early twentieth-century literary scholar George Lyman Kittredge once passed a doctoral student who had flubbed his dissertation defense when, upon asking the candidate about his smoking preferences, Kittredge discovered that the lad had a keen eye for quality cigars. Although we can thank our lucky stars that Kittredge’s kind of benevolent autocracy—his readiness to use unchecked authority to show off his combined power and tastefulness—is a thing of the past, we can also at least minimally mourn the passing of eccentricity and of the mix of moxie and eagerness that induces acts …

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Genomic Variation In A Widespread Neotropical Bird (Xenops Minutus) Reveals Divergence, Population Expansion, And Gene Flow, Michael G. Harvey, Robb T. Brumfield Feb 2015

Genomic Variation In A Widespread Neotropical Bird (Xenops Minutus) Reveals Divergence, Population Expansion, And Gene Flow, Michael G. Harvey, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Elsevier Inc. The demographic and phylogeographic histories of species provide insight into the processes responsible for generating biological diversity, and genomic datasets are now permitting the estimation of species histories with unprecedented accuracy. We used a genomic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) dataset generated using a RAD-Seq method to investigate the historical demography and phylogeography of a widespread lowland Neotropical bird (Xenops minutus). As expected, we found that prominent landscape features that act as dispersal barriers, such as Amazonian rivers and the Andes Mountains, are associated with the deepest phylogeographic breaks, and also that isolation by distance is limited …

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Simulation Modelling Of High-Throughput Cryopreservation Of Aquatic Germplasm: A Case Study Of Blue Catfish Sperm Processing, E. Hu, Thunshun Warren Liao, Terrence R. Tiersch Feb 2015

Simulation Modelling Of High-Throughput Cryopreservation Of Aquatic Germplasm: A Case Study Of Blue Catfish Sperm Processing, E. Hu, Thunshun Warren Liao, Terrence R. Tiersch

Faculty Publications

Emerging commercial-level technology for aquatic sperm cryopreservation has not been modelled by computer simulation. Commercially available software (ARENA, Rockwell Automation, Inc. Milwaukee, WI) was applied to simulate high-throughput sperm cryopreservation of blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) based on existing processing capabilities. The goal was to develop a simulation model suitable for production planning and decision making. The objectives were to: (1) predict the maximum output for 8-h workday; (2) analyse the bottlenecks within the process, and (3) estimate operational costs when run for daily maximum output. High-throughput cryopreservation was divided into six major steps modelled with time, resources, and logic structures. …

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Ant Community Structure And Response To Disturbances On Coastal Dunes Of Gulf Of Mexico, Xuan Chen, Benjamin Adams, Cody Bergeron, Alexander Sabo, Linda Hooper-Bùi Feb 2015

Ant Community Structure And Response To Disturbances On Coastal Dunes Of Gulf Of Mexico, Xuan Chen, Benjamin Adams, Cody Bergeron, Alexander Sabo, Linda Hooper-Bùi

Faculty Publications

Coastal dunes are complex and fragile ecosystems. The decrease in environmental stressors from sea to inland creates zonation patterns of habitats, which support high biodiversity. Although coastal dunes have been examined in primary succession studies for more than 100 years, invertebrates have received much less attention than other taxa. In this study, we examined ant community composition and its relationship with vegetation structure on dunes, and used ants as indicators to reveal the influence of anthropogenic disturbances on these habitats. Quadrat sampling, hand collecting, and beating plants were used to sample ants on coastal dunes fringing the northern Gulf of …

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Seasonal Variation Of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter In Barataria Bay, Louisiana, Using Combined Landsat And Field Data, I. Joshi, E.J. D'Sa Jan 2015

Seasonal Variation Of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter In Barataria Bay, Louisiana, Using Combined Landsat And Field Data, I. Joshi, E.J. D'Sa

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Patterns Of Seed Bank And Vegetation Diversity Along A Tidal Freshwater River, Tracy Elsey-Quirk, Mary Allessio Leck Jan 2015

Patterns Of Seed Bank And Vegetation Diversity Along A Tidal Freshwater River, Tracy Elsey-Quirk, Mary Allessio Leck

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Human Impacts On Fisheries Across The Land-Sea Interface, N.N. Rabalais Jan 2015

Human Impacts On Fisheries Across The Land-Sea Interface, N.N. Rabalais

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Localisation Of 11Β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 In Mineralocorticoid Receptor Expressing Magnocellular Neurosecretory Neurones Of The Rat Supraoptic And Paraventricular Nuclei, M. Haque, R. Wilson, K. Sharma, N. J. Mills, R. Teruyama Jan 2015

Localisation Of 11Β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 In Mineralocorticoid Receptor Expressing Magnocellular Neurosecretory Neurones Of The Rat Supraoptic And Paraventricular Nuclei, M. Haque, R. Wilson, K. Sharma, N. J. Mills, R. Teruyama

Faculty Publications

© 2015 British Society for Neuroendocrinology. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that the activity of the mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, in the brain via the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. MR was recently found in vasopressin and oxytocin synthesising magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in both the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei in the hypothalamus. Considering the physiological effects of these hormones, MR in these neurones may be an important site mediating the action of aldosterone in blood pressure regulation within the brain. However, aldosterone activation of MR in the hypothalamus remains controversial …

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Il-1Β Reciprocally Regulates Chemokine And Insulin Secretion In Pancreatic Β-Cells Via Nf-Κb, Susan J. Burke, Krisztian Stadler, Danhong Lu, Evanna Gleason, Anna Han, Dallas R. Donohoe, Richard C. Rogers, Gerlinda E. Hermann, Michael D. Karlstad, J. Jason Collier Jan 2015

Il-1Β Reciprocally Regulates Chemokine And Insulin Secretion In Pancreatic Β-Cells Via Nf-Κb, Susan J. Burke, Krisztian Stadler, Danhong Lu, Evanna Gleason, Anna Han, Dallas R. Donohoe, Richard C. Rogers, Gerlinda E. Hermann, Michael D. Karlstad, J. Jason Collier

Faculty Publications

© 2015 the American Physiological Society. Proinflammatory cytokines impact islet β-cell mass and function by altering the transcriptional activity within pancreatic β-cells, producing increases in intracellular nitric oxide abundance and the synthesis and secretion of immunomodulatory proteins such as chemokines. Herein, we report that IL-1β, a major mediator of inflammatory responses associated with diabetes development, coordinately and reciprocally regulates chemokine and insulin secretion. We discovered that NF-κB controls the increase in chemokine transcription and secretion as well as the decrease in both insulin secretion and proliferation in response to IL-1β. Nitric oxide production, which is markedly elevated in pancreatic β-cells …

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Is Mediated By Age-Variable Il-33, Jordy Saravia, Dahui You, Bishwas Shrestha, Sridhar Jaligama, David Siefker, Greg I. Lee, Jeffrey N. Harding, Tamekia L. Jones, Cynthia Rovnaghi, Bindiya Bagga, John P. Devincenzo, Stephania A. Cormier Jan 2015

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Is Mediated By Age-Variable Il-33, Jordy Saravia, Dahui You, Bishwas Shrestha, Sridhar Jaligama, David Siefker, Greg I. Lee, Jeffrey N. Harding, Tamekia L. Jones, Cynthia Rovnaghi, Bindiya Bagga, John P. Devincenzo, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Saravia et al. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of infant hospitalizations and severe RSV infections are a significant risk factor for childhood asthma. The pathogenic mechanisms responsible for RSV induced immunopathophysiology remain elusive. Using an age-appropriate mouse model of RSV, we show that IL-33 plays a critical role in the immunopathogenesis of severe RSV, which is associated with higher group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) specifically in neonates. Infection with RSV induced rapid IL-33 expression and an increase in ILC2 numbers in the lungs of neonatal mice; this was not observed in adult mice. …

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Mechanistic Species Distribution Modelling As A Link Between Physiology And Conservation, Tyler G. Evans, Sarah E. Diamond, Morgan W. Kelly Jan 2015

Mechanistic Species Distribution Modelling As A Link Between Physiology And Conservation, Tyler G. Evans, Sarah E. Diamond, Morgan W. Kelly

Faculty Publications

© The Author 2015. Climate change conservation planning relies heavily on correlative species distribution models that estimate future areas of occupancy based on environmental conditions encountered in present-day ranges. The approach benefits from rapid assessment of vulnerability over a large number of organisms, but can have poor predictive power when transposed to novel environments and reveals little in the way of causal mechanisms that define changes in species distribution or abundance. Having conservation planning rely largely on this single approach also increases the risk of policy failure. Mechanistic models that are parameterized with physiological information are expected to be more …

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