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สถานภาพของอาจารย์มหาวิทยาลัย, ประกอบ คุปรัตน์ Apr 2023

สถานภาพของอาจารย์มหาวิทยาลัย, ประกอบ คุปรัตน์

Journal of Education Studies

No abstract provided.


การพัฒนาคณาจารย์ในวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีและอาชีวศึกษา, เช้า สิทธิชัย Apr 2023

การพัฒนาคณาจารย์ในวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีและอาชีวศึกษา, เช้า สิทธิชัย

Journal of Education Studies

No abstract provided.


ศิลปของการมอบอำนาจหน้าที่, กมล รักสวน Apr 2023

ศิลปของการมอบอำนาจหน้าที่, กมล รักสวน

Journal of Education Studies

No abstract provided.


การนำ Q.C. Circle มาใช้ในโรงเรียน, ชัยพร วิชชาวุธ Apr 2023

การนำ Q.C. Circle มาใช้ในโรงเรียน, ชัยพร วิชชาวุธ

Journal of Education Studies

No abstract provided.


การพัฒนาหลักสูตรระดับอุดมศึกษาของไทย : จากอดีตสู่แนวทางใหม่ในปัจจุบัน, ไพฑูรย์ สินลารัตน์ Apr 2023

การพัฒนาหลักสูตรระดับอุดมศึกษาของไทย : จากอดีตสู่แนวทางใหม่ในปัจจุบัน, ไพฑูรย์ สินลารัตน์

Journal of Education Studies

No abstract provided.


คอมพิวเตอร์ใช้ในการเรียนการสอน, สมชาย ทยานยง Apr 2023

คอมพิวเตอร์ใช้ในการเรียนการสอน, สมชาย ทยานยง

Journal of Education Studies

No abstract provided.


นวัตกรรมทางการศึกษา, สำลี ทองธิว Apr 2023

นวัตกรรมทางการศึกษา, สำลี ทองธิว

Journal of Education Studies

No abstract provided.


การสอนเพื่อเสริมสร้างอัตมโนทัศน์ตามแนวมนุษย์ : นวัตกรรมทางการศึกษาระดับประถมศึกษา, ทิศนา แขมมณี Apr 2023

การสอนเพื่อเสริมสร้างอัตมโนทัศน์ตามแนวมนุษย์ : นวัตกรรมทางการศึกษาระดับประถมศึกษา, ทิศนา แขมมณี

Journal of Education Studies

No abstract provided.


นวัตกรรมทางการศึกษาระดับมัธยมต้น : โรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษากับการใช้แหล่งทรัพยากรในชุมชน, อุดม ปัญญา Apr 2023

นวัตกรรมทางการศึกษาระดับมัธยมต้น : โรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษากับการใช้แหล่งทรัพยากรในชุมชน, อุดม ปัญญา

Journal of Education Studies

No abstract provided.


Synthesis And Characterization Of Poly(Acrylic Acid) Hydrogel For Doxycycline Drug Release Study, Tukiakula Madhusudana Reddy, Ganjeenahalli Puttagiddappa Mamatha, Thippaiah Demappa Mahadevaiah, Lachakkal Rudrappa Shivakumara, Nayak Devappa Satyanarayan Apr 2023

Synthesis And Characterization Of Poly(Acrylic Acid) Hydrogel For Doxycycline Drug Release Study, Tukiakula Madhusudana Reddy, Ganjeenahalli Puttagiddappa Mamatha, Thippaiah Demappa Mahadevaiah, Lachakkal Rudrappa Shivakumara, Nayak Devappa Satyanarayan

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

In modern pharmaceutical drug delivery design, controlled drug release has become more appealing research work for obtaining a better drug delivery system with reliability, efficiency, and safe drug release. In controlled drug delivery applications, different polymers are extremely useful. In the current study, poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels were made using a redox polymerization process using methylenebisacrylamide as the crosslinker with potassium persulfate and sodium metabisulfite as free-radical initiators. Various analytical methods, such as thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier transform infrared, were used to identify the prepared hydrogels. The water intake behavior of the synthesized hydrogels was investigated under various …


Anti-Obesity And Hypolipidemic Activity Ofpithecellobium Dulceagainst High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity In Experimental Animals, Ksheerasagar Jagadeeshwar, Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala, Rupaka Subhakar Raju, Koteswara Rao Gsn, Shireesha Boyapati, Appini Narayana Rao Apr 2023

Anti-Obesity And Hypolipidemic Activity Ofpithecellobium Dulceagainst High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity In Experimental Animals, Ksheerasagar Jagadeeshwar, Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala, Rupaka Subhakar Raju, Koteswara Rao Gsn, Shireesha Boyapati, Appini Narayana Rao

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pithecellobium dulce (PD) (Leguminosae) is conventionally used for many diseases. The objective of this present study intended to assess the anti-obese and hypolipidemic properties of petroleum ether (PEPD), ethyl acetate (EAPD), and methanolic extract (MAPD) of leaves of aerial parts of PD in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hypolipidemic effect in obese animals. The present investigation, PD at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, was given along with HFD for 40 days. Our findings such as lipid profiles, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glucose, body weight, food intake, body temperature, atherogenic index, coronary index, weight of …


Effects Of Educational And Financial Interventions On The Quality Of Antibiotics Use In Community Care Clinics In Bangkok: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis, Dararat Samretwit, Yupadee Sirisinsuk Apr 2023

Effects Of Educational And Financial Interventions On The Quality Of Antibiotics Use In Community Care Clinics In Bangkok: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis, Dararat Samretwit, Yupadee Sirisinsuk

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: The National Health Security Office (NHSO) has set up the “Rational Drug Use Clinics (RDU)” network to promote the rational use of drugs in community care clinics in Bangkok. Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of educational and financial interventions of antibiotic (ATBs) use in community care clinics in Bangkok. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study, a time series analysis, was conducted. Aggregate weekly prescribing data were extracted from the NHSO Medical Claims Database from October 2013 to September 2019. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was utilized to assess intervention effects on …


Delamanid And Bedaquiline – A Review On Analytical Methods Determined With Recent Updates On Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, And Drug-Drug Interaction, Kamini Sethy, Konduri Raja Rajeswari, Gopal Krishna Padhy Apr 2023

Delamanid And Bedaquiline – A Review On Analytical Methods Determined With Recent Updates On Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, And Drug-Drug Interaction, Kamini Sethy, Konduri Raja Rajeswari, Gopal Krishna Padhy

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Delamanid and bedaquiline are recently approved drugs for the treatment of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (TB). It was found that the concomitant use of both drugs helped in treating patients with high drug-resistant strains. Fixed dose combination of delamanid and bedaquiline can be a possibility to control drug resistance TB. Therefore, the objective of this review was to collect data on different analytical methods used so far for the specific quantitation of delamanid and bedaquiline. Such information would be valuable to the research community to develop a new analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of these drugs. Analytical techniques are existing …


Vitamin E: A Simple Treatment For Complicated Diseases, Adhiraj Dasgupta, Sristi Das, Sandipta Ghosh, Krishnendu Acharya Apr 2023

Vitamin E: A Simple Treatment For Complicated Diseases, Adhiraj Dasgupta, Sristi Das, Sandipta Ghosh, Krishnendu Acharya

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Vitamin E, which belongs to a class of lipid-soluble vitamins, is considered one of the most essential nutrients for the well-being of humans but can solely be obtained through diet. This Vitamin E group includes all the tocol and tocotrienol derivatives which are reported to exhibit diverse biological activities as evident from a literature survey. However, the current pharmacotherapies mainly target the different oxidation processes of the body that have been linked to numerous disease conditions such as cancer, arthritis, atherosclerosis, aging, and others. On that note, Vitamin E has multiple important roles within the body and recent studies indicate …


Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Of Valproic Acid Using Pk-Sim, Lubna Gandevia, Sahithi Thotakura, Surulivelrajan Mallayasamy Apr 2023

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Of Valproic Acid Using Pk-Sim, Lubna Gandevia, Sahithi Thotakura, Surulivelrajan Mallayasamy

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the highly prescribed first-line agents for epilepsy. VPA levels are monitored to maintain at appropriate levels. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) is a useful tool for a mechanistic understanding of pharmacokinetics (PKs) of drugs. Objectives: The objective is to develop a PBPK model for VPA using an open-source software platform like PK-Sim with a potential for dosage regimen optimization in epileptic patients. It was also planned to predict the impact of meropenem on the PKs of VPA. Methodology: Anonymized data of Indian epileptic patients with VPA levels were obtained from a prior study …


Anti-Toxic Principle From Moringa Oleifera But Not Myristica Fragrans Ameliorated Sodium Arsenite-Induced Toxicity On Testes And Sex Hormones Of Rats, Adelaja Akinlolu, Mubarak Ameen, Muheen Biliaminu, Mukadam Abdulhamid, Olaolu Ajiboye, Tobilola Quadri, Rukayat Jaji-Sulaimon, Adeoye Oyewopo, Aramide Aiyedogbon, Badejoko Akanmode, Cephas Agbagba, Sikiru Biliaminu, Raheem Akindele Apr 2023

Anti-Toxic Principle From Moringa Oleifera But Not Myristica Fragrans Ameliorated Sodium Arsenite-Induced Toxicity On Testes And Sex Hormones Of Rats, Adelaja Akinlolu, Mubarak Ameen, Muheen Biliaminu, Mukadam Abdulhamid, Olaolu Ajiboye, Tobilola Quadri, Rukayat Jaji-Sulaimon, Adeoye Oyewopo, Aramide Aiyedogbon, Badejoko Akanmode, Cephas Agbagba, Sikiru Biliaminu, Raheem Akindele

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

This study evaluated the repro-protective potentials of MOF6 (isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves) and Trimyristin (TR) (isolated from Myristica fragrans seeds) in sodium arsenite (SA)-induced toxicity in rats. Sixty-five adult male rats were randomly divided into 13 groups (n = 5). Groups 1 and 3 received 9-week administrations of physiological saline and olive oil, respectively. Group 2 received 20 mg/kg bodyweight SA-only for 3 weeks and was untreated for 6 weeks. Groups 4–7 received a 3 week SA dose, followed by 6 weeks post-treatments with 5 mg and 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight MOF6, 15 mg, and 30 mg/kg bodyweight TR, respectively. …


Phytochemical Screening, Antihyperglycemic, Antihyperlipidemic, And Antioxidant Activities Of Parts Of Cleome Rutidosperma: A Comparative Study, Israel Oghenevwodokohwo Okoro, Ifeanyi Famous Ossamulu, Edith Omozefe Okoro Apr 2023

Phytochemical Screening, Antihyperglycemic, Antihyperlipidemic, And Antioxidant Activities Of Parts Of Cleome Rutidosperma: A Comparative Study, Israel Oghenevwodokohwo Okoro, Ifeanyi Famous Ossamulu, Edith Omozefe Okoro

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background/Aim: Cleome rutidosperma is traditionally used as a remedy for several diseases such as diabetes and malarial. The phytochemical screening and influence of hydroethanol extracts of C. rutidosperma parts (leaves and roots) on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and parameters of oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in male albino rats were investigated. Materials and Methods: Qualitative phytochemical assays for the extracts were done by standard procedures. Different doses (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg body weight) of the extracts were administered to STZ-induced diabetic rats. Results: The presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins, steroids, Terpenoid, Cardiac glycoside, and Phenol was detected in the …


Development Of Topical Mosquito Repellent Emulgels Containing Zanthoxylum Limonella Essential Oils, Walaisiri Muangsiri, Thi Thi San, Pornpen Werawatganone Apr 2023

Development Of Topical Mosquito Repellent Emulgels Containing Zanthoxylum Limonella Essential Oils, Walaisiri Muangsiri, Thi Thi San, Pornpen Werawatganone

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Emulgels containing 18% w/w Zanthoxylum limonella Alston essential oils were developed as a mosquito repellent. The physical and chemical stabilities and in vivo efficacy of the product were evaluated. Physical stability was tested at 30°C, 75% RH, and 40°C, 75% RH for 3 months or using six heating–cooling cycles. The chemical stability of d-limonene and vanillin contents was analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. In vivo mosquito repellency test was performed using the human-bait technique. The product, which contains 11.4% w/w d-limonene and 5% w/w vanillin, was homogeneous and off-white with sweet and mild citrus …


Potential Effects Of Yahom And Thai Massage On Blood Pressure In Prehypertension Patients, Aumpol Bunpean, Oratai Neamsuvan, Sanan Subhadhirasakul, Thanyaluck Siriyong Apr 2023

Potential Effects Of Yahom And Thai Massage On Blood Pressure In Prehypertension Patients, Aumpol Bunpean, Oratai Neamsuvan, Sanan Subhadhirasakul, Thanyaluck Siriyong

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Purpose: This research aimed to study Thai traditional therapy’s effect in reducing hypertension in prehypertension patients. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quasi-experimental research was conducted on 83 prehypertension patients. Participants were chosen purposively into four groups with different interventions: Yahom formulation (YH) 1, YH2, Thai massage (TM), and control group (CG) with health-care advices. YH1 and YH2 were administered in doses of 2 capsules (500 mg each) 3 times daily before meals for 4 weeks. The intervention period of TM was 60 min/time of once weekly. For CG, participants were advised on life behavior modifications. The tools used consisted of the experimental data …


Attitude, Knowledge, Acceptance, And Willingness To Pay In Covid-19 Vaccination Among Thai Undergraduate Students, Jongrak Nonthing, Wan-Indris Waedoloh, Prakrit Ninlaphai, Krittaphas Kangwanrattanakul Apr 2023

Attitude, Knowledge, Acceptance, And Willingness To Pay In Covid-19 Vaccination Among Thai Undergraduate Students, Jongrak Nonthing, Wan-Indris Waedoloh, Prakrit Ninlaphai, Krittaphas Kangwanrattanakul

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Given the demand for vaccination coverage to ease the pandemic situation and restore normal life in the university, evidence for examining the level of knowledge, attitudes, acceptance, and willingness to pay (WTP) for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among undergraduate students is required. Therefore, this study examined the level of those aspects among undergraduate students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was carried out among 434 participants between March 1, 2022, and March 31, 2022. An online selfadministered, anonymous questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitudes, acceptance, and WTP for the COVID-19 vaccines. Results: Respondents had good knowledge, and about …


ลานสาระ, ลัดดา ภู่เกียรติ, อัญชลี ทองคำ Mar 2023

ลานสาระ, ลัดดา ภู่เกียรติ, อัญชลี ทองคำ

Journal of Education Studies

No abstract provided.


Development Of Multidisciplinary Care Model With Participatory Action Research For Heart Failure Clinic In Bangkok, Thailand, Usasiri Srisakul, Warawut Umpornwirojkit, Supaporn Pattanasan, Apichot So-Ngern, Charlermsri Pummangura, Sarawut Siwamogsatham Mar 2023

Development Of Multidisciplinary Care Model With Participatory Action Research For Heart Failure Clinic In Bangkok, Thailand, Usasiri Srisakul, Warawut Umpornwirojkit, Supaporn Pattanasan, Apichot So-Ngern, Charlermsri Pummangura, Sarawut Siwamogsatham

Journal of Health Research

Background: Quality of care improvements is a challenge when resources are limited. In this participatory action research (PAR) study, we created a multidisciplinary care model (MCM) for heart failure clinic at a hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, and evaluated quality performance measures and clinical outcomes.

Methods: Using the PAR framework, this study included: 1) identification of problems and planning solutions with providers, 2) development of the MCM, 3) implementation of the MCM, 4) evaluation of quality process and outcome measures among heart failure patients at the follow-up conducted 6 months after implementation of the MCM, and 5) post-MCM survey.

Results: Information …


Public Health After Covid-19, Linda B. Cottler Mar 2023

Public Health After Covid-19, Linda B. Cottler

Journal of Health Research

Background: This paper reflects on community health components during the COVID-19 epidemic in the light of major and always challenging health system issues from inequities, to financing, to delays in service delivery and the like.

Method: This is an invited commentary.

Results: The seven issues have been highlighted for the deconstruction of the public health infrastructure since COVID-19 (1) Growing social determinants of health disparities (2) Inadequate investment in public health infrastructure (3) Racial injustice and discrimination (4) Increased anxiety, depression and loneliness (5) Slow response to serious infectious diseases (6) Lack of diversity, equity, and sense of belonging (7) …


South Korean Government Policy In The Development Of K-Pop, Kamon Butsaban Mar 2023

South Korean Government Policy In The Development Of K-Pop, Kamon Butsaban

Journal of Letters

This study analyzes the Korean government’s K-Pop policies by period to shed light on the Korean government’s role and how its policies have contributed to K-Pop’s success.

The Kim Dae-jung government laid the foundation for the Korean cultural industry to grow by establishing laws, systems, and organizations; building necessary infrastructure; and increasing budget allocation. The Roh Moo-hyun government set the development of the cultural industry as a core task and implemented specific, in-depth policies for different areas. The Lee Myung-bak government actively pursued K-Pop–related policies, such as facilitating and hosting K-Pop events, based on the principles of competition and concentration. …


Factors Influencing Men’S Involvement In Maternal And Child Health: Men’S Experiences And Religious Leader’S Support In Central Java, Indonesia, Zahroh Shaluhiyah, Antono Suryoputro, Ratih Indraswari Mar 2023

Factors Influencing Men’S Involvement In Maternal And Child Health: Men’S Experiences And Religious Leader’S Support In Central Java, Indonesia, Zahroh Shaluhiyah, Antono Suryoputro, Ratih Indraswari

Journal of Health Research

Background: The maternal mortality rate is still high in Indonesia and has not significantly decreased, including in Central Java. One indirect cause of maternal death is low husband involvement in improving mother and child health (MCH). This is due to cultural barriers and a lack of knowledge about the MCH problems. Therefore, this research aims to examine the significant factors influencing men’s involvement in MCH. We recommend an appropriate intervention model to engage them in MCH, primarily for their families and communities.

Method: This explanatory research study was conducted using a cross-sectional design involving 400 men. They were selected using …


Sustainable Management Of Facemask Waste Generated From Covid-19 Pandemic In Bhutan, Tshering Yangdon, Twisuk Punpeng, Sirima Mongkolosomit, Kampol Nanthapong, Kinzang Yangden Mar 2023

Sustainable Management Of Facemask Waste Generated From Covid-19 Pandemic In Bhutan, Tshering Yangdon, Twisuk Punpeng, Sirima Mongkolosomit, Kampol Nanthapong, Kinzang Yangden

Journal of Health Research

Background: The rise in facemask waste with the uncertainty of deposition data and all its concomitant pressure on management has resulted in new risks and challenges for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). The purpose of this mixed methods study was to estimate facemask waste generation and examine management in Bhutan since the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: One thousand five hundred and twenty-seventh (1,527) consenting members of the public from Class A Thromdes (self-governing municipalities) were surveyed online from February to April 2022, to estimate mask waste using descriptive statistics. This was supported by the waste characterization conducted in Memelhakha, the biggest …


Workplace Violence Against Frontline Nurses In A University Hospital In Bangkok, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study, Nareerat Pummala, Ann Jirapongsuwan, Sukhontha Siri, Surintorn Kalampakorn Mar 2023

Workplace Violence Against Frontline Nurses In A University Hospital In Bangkok, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study, Nareerat Pummala, Ann Jirapongsuwan, Sukhontha Siri, Surintorn Kalampakorn

Journal of Health Research

Background: Workplace violence against nurses has increased attention worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) and related factors against frontline nurses in a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 275 nurses. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify any associations.

Results: Findings indicated that the prevalence of psychological WPV was 60.0% and physical WPV was 9.1%. Factors associated with physical WPV included working in the emergency, outpatient or psychiatric examination units (aOR= 4.62; 95% CI: 1.86-11.50). Additionally, work experience(aOR= 2.66; 95% CI: 1.53-4.62), personality type B (aOR=2.51; …


The Needs Of Thai Family Caregivers And Their Readiness To Provide Care For People With Psychosis: A Qualitative Approach, Pichamon Intaput, Wannarat Lawang, Anocha Tassanatanachai, Surapa Suksawat, Rachanee Sunsern Mar 2023

The Needs Of Thai Family Caregivers And Their Readiness To Provide Care For People With Psychosis: A Qualitative Approach, Pichamon Intaput, Wannarat Lawang, Anocha Tassanatanachai, Surapa Suksawat, Rachanee Sunsern

Journal of Health Research

Background: After the implementation of the deinstitutionalization policy, the role of family caregivers has grown in importance and the caring responsibilities have shifted onto their shoulders. This study sought to better understand the Thai family caregivers’ needs for readiness to care for people with psychosis.

Method: A total of 48 participants were enrolled in the study. A focus group discussion and in-depth interview were conducted with family caregivers of the people with psychosis at home, in an urban area of Chonburi province, Thailand. A content analysis approach was used to analyze the data.

Results: The findings revealed that caregivers' needs …


Workers' Perceptions On The Tolerability Of Their Respirators In Malaysia, Muhammad Z. Yusof, Nor I. Mukhtar Mar 2023

Workers' Perceptions On The Tolerability Of Their Respirators In Malaysia, Muhammad Z. Yusof, Nor I. Mukhtar

Journal of Health Research

Background: Little is known about Malaysian workers' tolerance for respirators in the workplace. This study aimed to assess Malaysian workers' perceptions of respirator tolerability and its relationship to socio-demographics and compliance.

Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2021 among respirator users in the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors. Background information and respirator compliance were collected using a structured online questionnaire. A R-COMFI questionnaire was used to measure respirator tolerability.

Results: This study recruited 340 participants, but only 278 of them met the inclusion criteria. More than half reported that wearing respirators was uncomfortable, impacted focus, …


Stress And Stress Coping Strategies Among Foreign Bachelor’S Medical Interns In Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (Bma) Hospitals, Prakasit Wannapaschaiyong, Kraiwuth Kallawicha Mar 2023

Stress And Stress Coping Strategies Among Foreign Bachelor’S Medical Interns In Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (Bma) Hospitals, Prakasit Wannapaschaiyong, Kraiwuth Kallawicha

Journal of Health Research

Background– Stress among medical personnel is crucial, as it can cause the adverse health outcome to individuals who suffer from the stress as well as their clinical practice performance, which may cause serious outcomes to patients. This study focuses on the interns who received their medical degree overseas because they may have more stress due to their required clinical work and license examination. We conducted our study to determine the stress level, coping strategies, and associated factors among foreign bachelor’s medical interns in Bangkok, Thailand.

Method – A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 49 interns from Bangkok Metropolitan …