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Normal Thymus Evaluation Using Radiographs And Computed Tomographic Images In Young And Adult Dogs, Yoenhee Park, Sang-Kwon Lee, Sooyoung Choi, Hojung Choi, Youngwon Lee, Kija Lee

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The thymus generally presents as a sail-shaped soft-tissue opacity on thoracic radiographs in young, pre-pubescent dogs. After puberty, lymphatic tissue is replaced by adipose tissue and can usually no longer be identified on radiographs; however, thymic remnants have often been observed in adult dogs. The objective of this retrospective descriptive study was to investigate the incidence of thymic remnants using thoracic radiographs and to analyze the incidence in dogs by age, sex and breed. We analyzed the data from 1,464 dogs that underwent both thoracic ventrodorsal and right lateral radiography, of which 40 underwent both radiography and computed tomography (CT). …

Development Of Wireless Device Prototype For Measurement Of Rumen Ph And Temperature Continuously In Cattle, Piyanat Prasomsri, Apirak Tudsorn, Aekaluck Leklerdsiriwong, Chaidate Inchaisri, Siraphop Tooprakai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study aims to develop a prototype rumen pH and rumen temperature measuring device for continuous measurement. The benefit is for the monitoring and early diagnosis of metabolic diseases in cattle, especially rumen acidosis and subacute ruminal acidosis. The developed prototype device was approximately 50 millimeters in diameter, 145 millimeters in length and weighed 400 grams. The outer structure of the prototype was made from abs plastic made by a 3D printer, while the internal device contained pH and temperature sensors, a microcontroller and battery. The prototype was placed in the ventral sac of the rumen of fistulated cattle for …

Qualitative Risk Analysis On Likelihood Of Foot And Mouth Disease (Fmd) Reintroduction In The Philippines Through The Importation Of Dairy Cattle From Fmd-Free Zones With Vaccination In Brazil, Emerson P. Tapdasan, Kenny Oriel A. Olana

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The potential of Girolando cattle from Brazil has generated much interest in the Philippines and the possibility of their importation to contribute to the latter’s dairy industry development has been raised. The most crucial issue that needs to be addressed is the probable introduction of exotic livestock diseases or pathogens of different strains like Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDv) which might destroy the Philippines’ livestock industry. This study involved only the work required to conduct a preliminary qualitative risk analysis (RA) on the likelihood of FMDv being reintroduced into the Philippines through the importation of Girolando cattle from FMD-free zones with …

Comparison Of Different Pinning Techniques For 3d-Printed Radius With Salter-Harris Type I Fracture, Tea-Hyung Kim, Hwi-Yool Kim

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The purpose of the present study was to compare different pinning techniques for distal radius with Salter-Harris type I fracture. Computed Tomography (CT) images of a distal antebrachium of the 6.5 kg, growing, 6-month-old intact male mongrel dog were 3D-printed with Polycarbonate (PC) material. Twenty-one synthetic bones were classified into three groups. Cross pinning, Parallel pinning, and HK2 pinning techniques were applied to each group. A compressive shear test was applied to each group, and the results at 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm displacement and the load at failure were analyzed through statistical software. It was found that …

Community Public Health: Lessons Learned, Ratana Somrongthong

Journal of Health Research

Background: This paper aims to present the experiences and lessons learned from working in community public health.

Methods: This is an invited commentary.

Results: Based on my experiences working with communities to enhance adolescent health, there are some steps to consider when approaching a community including: (1) Situation analysis, (2) Identify activities and services (3) Identify problems and priority setting (4) Develop common objectives (5) Identify organizational responsibilities 6) Create partnerships, and implementation (7) Monitoring and evaluation and(8)Reflection and review.

Conclusion: Lessons learned from working in the communities included: (1) Communication skills, (2) Problem solving skills, (3) Cultural …

Using Health Literacy As A Tool For Equity And Engagement In Health Systems, Catina O'Leary, Stephanie Gonzalez, Mark Valenti

Journal of Health Research

Background: Health literacy (HL) is among the evidence-based strategies to promote health equity and communities/individuals’ engagement to attain higher health outcomes.

Method: Invited commentary.

Results: HL is the ability to use information and services for health-related actions. Up to 88% of US and 50% of eight European countries’ individuals, particularly those from marginalized communities, have low HL resulting in poor health outcomes and billions of dollars in avoidable healthcare expenses. There are varying levels of focus and funding to engage individuals to become active subjects rather than objects of healthcare. Heads of academic institutions and of health organizations must create …

Rapid Estimate Of Adult Literacy In Medicine (Realm) Is Associated With Congestive Heart Failure (Chf) Discharge Summary Comprehension, But Not Readmission, Ann Schindler, Danielle Baek, Shoshana Weiner

Journal of Health Research

Background: Inadequate health literacy has been associated with an increased risk of hospital readmissions in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). This may be related to patients’ ability to understand discharge instructions. We evaluated associations of health literacy to discharge summary comprehension and the occurrence of 30-day CHF readmissions.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 46 patients admitted to the University of Maryland Medical Center was conducted in 2019 and 2021. Health literacy was determined by Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) scores. Discharge summary comprehension was determined by the number of correct answers to a 10-item …

Effectiveness Of Burnout Assessment Scales Among Healthcare Workers In Malaysia: A Systematic Review, Suriya Kumareswaran Vallasamy, Rosnah Ismail, Bala Murali Sundram

Journal of Health Research

Background: Burnout among healthcare workers, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has prompted exploration of effective interventions and assessment tools. The comprehension of burnout assessment scales tailored to healthcare professionals in Malaysia enables the implementation of targeted intervention and the provision of comprehensive healthcare services.

Methods: This systematic review assesses the effectiveness of the burnout assessment scales in Malaysia. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched databases including PsycINFO, Embase, and PubMed from January 2015 to June 2023 for studies involving Malaysian healthcare workers and validated burnout assessment scales. We assessed study quality and extracted data to analyse burnout prevalence, influencing …

Health On The Move: The Impact Of Migration On Communicable Respiratory And Vaccine Preventable Diseases In Thailand, Attasuda Lerskullawat, Thitima Puttitanun

Journal of Health Research

Background: Given the potential impact of migrants on the spread of communicable diseases, this paper delves into the relationship between migrants and communicable respiratory and vaccine-preventable diseases.

Method: A spatial panel autoregressive model is applied on the provincial level data in Thailand from the period 2016 to 2021.

Results: The results show that the impact of migrants on communicable diseases in the country varies depending on the type of disease. While an increase in migrant numbers is associated with a higher incidence of influenza, the prevalence of hepatitis B is reduced. Additionally, other socio-economic factors, such as GPP per capita, …

Effectiveness Of A Health Literacy Enhancement Program For Older Adults In Northern Thailand, Kasama Pooseesod, Sayambhu Saita, Supa Vittaporn, Jirapat Longkul, Ruchirada Changkwanyeun, Nattagorn Choochouy, Chaiwat Phadermrod, Patsiri Srivieng, Supang Wattanasoei

Journal of Health Research

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a health literacy enhancement program on the health literacy and 3E2S health behaviors (eating, emotion, exercise, stop smoking and stop drinking). We also explored the facilitators and barriers for older adults in developing health literacy and self-care behaviors.

Methods: The study utilized a mixed methods sequential explanatory design. The participants (n = 60) were people aged 60 years and older living in the Hang Chat District, Lampang Province, which located in northern Thailand. The data were collected using pre- and post-questionnaires and an in-depth interview. Quantitative …

Children's Self-Report And Caregivers' Perception Of Chemotherapy Symptoms In Children Receiving Chemotherapy For Cancer Treatment, Lita Sherdsang, Sudaporn Payakkaraung, Wanlaya Thampanichawat

Journal of Health Research

Background: Chemotherapy is the common cancer treatment in childhood. During chemotherapy, symptoms may vary in severity each day. This study aimed to compare children's self-reports and caregivers' perceptions of symptoms of children with cancer on their first day and the third day of chemotherapy.

Methods: This study was a comparative descriptive study. The convenience sampling method was used to recruit 51 children with cancer, aged 8 to 15 years old, who received chemotherapy at a super-tertiary hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, and their caregivers. Data were collected using the Thai version of the Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi) for …

Prevalence And Predictive Factors Of Poor Sleep Quality Among The Elderly In The Urban Areas Of Lampang Province, Northern Thailand, Pornrapath Jamwong, Punyanuch Borisuth, Kunyanut Chaiwoot, Supang Wattanasoei, Supa Vittaporn, Ruchirada Changkwanyeun, Kasama Pooseesod, Patcharin Khamnaun, Surangrat Pongpan, Sayambhu Saita

Journal of Health Research

Background: The rapidly increasing aging population and urbanization may affect the sleep quality of the elderly. This study aimed to identify predictive factors of poor sleep quality among the elderly living in the urban areas of Lampang Province, Northern Thailand.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 elderly people in Mueang Lampang District, Lampang Province. The participants were interviewed using constructive questionnaires and the Thai version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Predictive factors were examined using multivariable logistic regression with a backward elimination process.

Results: Overall, 35.91% of the participants had poor sleep quality (PSQI >5). …

Factors Associated With Health Literacy And Self-Care Behaviors Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Mixed Method Study In Ko Kha District, Lampang Province, Northern Thailand, Patcharaporn Sangkawichai, Peerada Kamchang, Kamonpan Paisawaeng, Premkait Wongpimkham, Sayambhu Saita, Supa Vittaporn, Surangrat Pongpan, Ruchirada Changkwanyeun, Patcharin Khamnuan, Supang Wattanasoei, Kasama Pooseesod

Journal of Health Research

Background: A key component for better risk factor management in improving the quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is having a comprehensive understanding of the relevant health information. This study examined diabetes health literacy (HL), self-care behaviors and associated factors among T2DM patients in a community in Lampang Province, Northern Thailand.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 183 T2DM patients. Data on sociodemographic variables, diabetes HL and self-care behavior were collected using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. In order to identify factors significantly associated with HL and self-care practices, an ordinal logistic regression analysis was …

Factors Predicting The Intention To Engage In Self-Protective Behavior Against Monkeypox Infection Among Thai People, Awirut Singkun, Wichan Phibarn, Wichaporn Intharachuti, Arunothai Derramon, Thitika Kimise

Journal of Health Research

Background: An emerging monkeypox outbreak in many countries caused the WHO to declare the disease an international public health problem. This study aimed to explore knowledge of monkeypox and its transmission, intention to engage in self-protection, and factors predicting the intention to engage in self-protective behavior among Thai people.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted between September and October 2022 with a self-administered questionnaire through an online survey. A total of 581 respondents were included in the data analysis. Descriptive statistics, and a binary logistic regression were used.

Results: Most respondents had good knowledge of monkeypox and its transmission …

Development And Validation Of Cell-Based Method For The Determination Of Nimotuzumab Potency, Ing-Orn Prasanchaimontri, Phannarak Khruaplao, Boontarika Boonyapiwat

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Nimotuzumab has been used for treating squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Its efficacy is attributed to its mechanism of action, which involves the binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Ensuring the quality of nimotuzumab is crucial for its safety and efficacy. Utilizing a binding assay to measure its efficacy is a valid approach since it directly correlates with its potency. Here, we developed and validated the cell-based binding assay to determine the potency of nimotuzumab. A-431 cells and fluorescein isothiocyanate mouse anti-human immunoglobulin G antibody were used and the fluorescent intensity was measured to evaluate the …

A Survey Of Perceptions And Expectations Of Hospital Pharmacists To The Roles Of Ward-Based Pharmacists In Thailand, Siddhibhong Jongkraijakra, Tanavij Pannoi, Kansamorn Wongsiripolkul, Kanchanok Aengchuan, Phurit Saisap

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Ward-based pharmacists have fostered patient-centered care. In 2011, the Pharmacy Council of Thailand established the standard criteria for pharmacist practitioners. Nevertheless, Thailand still needs to clarify the perceptions and expectations of ward-based pharmacists’ roles. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the perceptions and expectations of ward-based pharmacists’ roles among Thailand’s hospital pharmacists. Materials and Methods: The method was a cross-sectional study conducted with a director of the pharmacy department or a representative among tertiary and secondary hospitals under the supervision of the Ministry of Health in Thailand. The questionnaires were divided into four sections: the first section covered information …

Impacts Of The Dispensing Program (Mydispense®) On Pharmacy Students’ Learning Outcomes With Relevant Perceptions: A Quasi-Intervention Study, Chamipa Phanudulkitti, Nattawut Leelakanok, Tulakarn Nakpun, Tanattha Kittisopee, Karen Bell Farris, Sarah E. Vordenberg

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objectives: The dispensing program, MyDispense®, is useful for improving students’ dispensing skills, but its effectiveness has remained unassessed in Thailand. This study thus aimed to evaluate the program’s impacts on pharmacy students’ learning outcomes, i.e., knowledge, confidence levels in dispensing skills, deep approaches to learning (DAL), and their perceptions, along with the instructor’s views, of the program. Materials and Methods: A quasi-intervention study with two rounds was conducted with the 4th-year pharmacy students enrolling in the 2021 Pharmacotherapeutic I course. Initially, they were randomly allocated to Group 1 (n = 68), receiving an online lecture plus MyDispense® scenarios and exercises …

Development Of Quercetin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier For The Protection Of Dna Damage Induced By Particulate Matter, Suwisit Manmuan, Nattaya Chaothanaphat, Yotsanan Weerapol, Sukannika Tubtimsri

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Quercetin (QE) is a flavonoid found in several fruits and vegetables such as shallot, onion, and apple with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that protect against and treat airway inflammation induced by particulate matter. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) with various liquid lipid types were employed to deliver QE into the respiratory tract. Physical properties of NLC formulations including particle size, stability, and entrapment efficiency were compared. Particle size of B_VCO and B_OLO formulations was 308.0 ± 0.4 nm and 104.8 ± 1.5 nm, respectively. After the temperature cycling test, particle size of B_OLO increased, while B_VCO was not significantly different. …

Design, Development, And Evaluation Of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride-Loaded Transfersomes For Transdermal Drug Delivery, Smriti Adhikari, Preethi Sudheer, Bindu Mohana, Poornachandra Somwarpet Manjunatha

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background and Objectives: Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX-HCl), a potent and extensively utilized anticancer medication, faces limitations in skin penetration, resulting in confined effectiveness. Frequent administration leads to resistance at the site of application. This study aims to strike a balance between precision and selectivity to enhance DOX-HCl’s permeation. The goal is to achieve non-invasive drug delivery that avoids issues linked with conventional therapies. This will be achieved through the utilization of patches loaded with transfersomes for drug delivery. Materials and Methods: Transferosomes were prepared through the rotary evaporation technique and optimized by Box-Behnken experimental design. The impact of phospholipid, cholesterol, and …

A Narrative Review Of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Prudence A. Rodrigues, M. Madhusri, M. Anjali

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

A common endocrine-gynecology problem affecting many women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The precise etiology and pathophysiology of PCOS have not yet been fully understood, despite the discovery of some of the relevant mechanisms in its formation. We looked up the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures, and therapy of PCOS in PubMed. All the causative elements of PCOS were carefully examined. This disease affects women from the time of conception until death, putting their health at risk and lowering their quality of life. In addition, it raises the morbidity and death rates. The earliest signs of PCOS appear throughout the puberty …

Unraveling The Potential Of Natural Anti-Obesity Agents: An Insight, Naveen Kumar, Pranav Shah, Shweta Agarwal

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

This review delves into the contemporary advancements and research on anti-obesity agents sourced from natural origins. Obesity, a pressing global health concern, necessitates effective interventions due to its association with various comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. Scientific data gathered from databases including PubMed and Scopus, as well as search engines such as Google and Google Scholar, focused on keywords such as “anti-obesity agents,” “herbal anti-obesity agents,” and “mechanism of action of anti-obesity agents.” The review highlights the escalating research efforts toward formulating safe and efficient dosage forms to combat obesity, with synthetic agents often linked to adverse effects. Natural …

Analysis Of Inequality In Household Internet Utilization And Policy Implications, Shanisara Chamwong, Thoedsak Chomtohsuwan, Narissara Charoenphandhu

Journal of Demography

This research investigates the pervasive inequality in household internet access and use that contributes to the digital divide. As the internet becomes an integral part of daily life, variations in access and use carry significant implications for social and economic opportunities. A quantitative approach is applied, analyzing data from The National Statistical Office of Thailand to capture a comprehensive understanding of inequality in household internet access and use, as measured by the Gini coefficient. Five aspects of internet access and use are considered as the determinants of inequality, including internet connectivity, internet affordability, internet quality, device availability, and flexibility and …

Inhibitors Angptl3 And Their Effects To Hyperlipidemia And Atherosclerosis, Wanee Plengpanich

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) has emerged as important regulators of lipid metabolism. Current innovative therapeutic options using monoclonal antibodies, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) or vaccine approaches to block this protein may minimize the risk of atherosclerosis in dyslipidemic individuals. The purpose of this review is to discuss the effectiveness of these new ANGPTL3 inhibitors.

Implications Of Face Mask Usage On Diverse Populations: Challenges And Considerations, Simaporn Promsarn, Walaiporn Wongsrisakunkaew

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of face mask usage as a preventive measure against viral transmission. Extensive studies have confirmed the efficacy of face masks in curtailing respiratory infections caused by viruses, including influenza and COVID-19. The significance of consistent face mask implementation over extended periods has become evident, particularly in high-risk environments such as healthcare facilities and public spaces. Despite their effectiveness, it is imperative to acknowledge the potential challenges and side effects that different populations may experience during prolonged mask usage. This comprehensive review examines the implications of face mask usage across diverse groups, encompassing healthy …

Effectiveness Of The Novel Ventilation System In The Ambulance For Airborne Particle Reduction, Dhanadol Rojanasarntikul

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: During the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, emergency medical service (EMS) workers areexposed to infectious particles in closed spaces such as in the ambulance. Few studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ambulance ventilation system in reducing airborne particles.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an ambulance ventilation system in reducing the volume density of airborne particles and return-to-background time.

Methods: Aerosol particles of various sizes were administered into the cabin via nebulization for one minute. The aerosol volume concentrations of particles at 0.5-1; 1-2.5; and 2.5-5 microns were measured with three different ventilation rates (switched off, medium and maximum) …

Beyond Mitragynine: Composition Survey And Stability Assessment Of Kratom Tea Ordered Via Food Delivery Platforms In Bangkok, Thailand, Yuta Tokuda, Apinya Tubtimrattana, Nat Tansrisawad, Kornvalee Meesilpavikkai, Parath Thirati

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Kratom is a native tree to Southeast Asia. Kratom leaves have long been used medicinally and recreationally due to their stimulative and opioid-like effects attributed to high endogenous levels of mitragynine and related alkaloids. Kratom is widely consumed as tea and is now publicly sold, including on food delivery platforms, after recent decriminalization despite selling of kratom products being still considered illegal by other acts.

Objectives: To assess the formulas of kratom teas sold on Thai food delivery platform together with their consistency and the stability of refrigerated teas.

Methods: Kratom alkaloids, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, and additive contents of …

High Carotenoid Values In People With Flexibility Training, Chanachai Lohasaptawee Mr., Ponlapat Rojnuckarin Professor Dr., Natthaya Lekhawatthanapong Miss

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Free radicals play essential roles in the aging and various pathological processes. Antioxidants may be helpful to prevent these conditions. Therefore, the body should have high antioxidant values and carotenoids can be a representative of antioxidants.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to use the BioPhotonic Scanner S3 and resonant Raman spectroscopy technology for comparing the skin carotenoid values between those who exercised frequently and those who did not exercised within a 6-month period.

Methods: Four equal groups of six hundred male and female volunteers, ages 20 to 60 years, who resided in Bangkok Metropolitan Region were formed, …

Determination Of Initial Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (Hbsag) Cutoff Index (Coi) Threshold For Reporting Hbsag Reactivity, Piya Wongchampa, Arkom Chaiwongkot, Rangsima Reantragoon

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: The Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) commercially-available screening test suggests a confirmatory testing in all cases that are reactive, but this will take a long time to reporting of results and increase the total test cost.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between cutoff index (COI) values of initial HBsAg screening test and their corresponding confirmatory neutralization results in order to identify a COI value for distinguishing samples that truly need confirmatory neutralization testing.

Methods: A retrospective study of 72,496 HBsAg screening test results using the Elecsys HBsAg II kit of patients at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red …

Organizational Executions And Policies On Workplace Health Promotion: A Cross-Sectional Study In Thailand, Taechit Taechamanodom, Pornchai Sithisarankul, Jate Ratanachina

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: The workplace, as an environment, exerts a profound impact on the health and well-being of the workforce, thereby assuming a pivotal role in both economic prosperity and societal advancement. Within organizational contexts, the human resources (HR) department assumes a pivotal role in the holistic care and administration of the workforce, encompassing multifaceted dimensions of health and well-being.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the executions and potential of workplace health promotion policies in workplaces in Thailand.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among the human resources (HR) executives and personnel across listed 814 enterprises located in Rayong province and …

The Prosperity Aspect Of Sustainable Agronomy Towards Sustainable Development: An Analytical Approach To The Future Of Thai Population When Deaths Are Greater Than Births, Anil Dhammasakiyo, Kua Wongboonsin, Piyachart Phiromsawad, Patcharawalai Wongboonsin, Pojjamarn Keattitorn

Journal of Demography

This study aims to present a futuristic analytical approach towards a society of sustainable agronomy in Thailand with a focus on its prosperity along the Buddhist practices of the Noble Path so as to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based on the Harrison analytical framework, it presents an evaluation of the relationship between sustainable agronomy and SDGs as classified by opportunities, threats, and factors for an increasingly aging population and population shrinkage, followed by corresponding strategies with action plans for the achievement of SDGs via sustainable agronomy over a three-year term for development practices in families, villages, and …