Digital Commons Network^™

Community Recommendations For Enhanced Regional Survivorship Outcomes: A Case For Social And Structural Determinants Of Health From A U.S. National Cancer Institute (Nci) Designated Cancer Center, Marcie S. Wright, Alisa E. Brewer, Matthew Wells, Michael A. Preston, Maria D. Thomson, Vanessa B. Sheppard

Journal of Health Research

Background: The number of cancer survivors has increased drastically as a result of advances in early detection and treatment strategies. Nevertheless, many survivors in the cancer survivorship population face unique problems, risks, and needs. The study for this short report obtained qualitative data to assess barriers and facilitators to cancer care survivorship in urban and rural communities from a National Cancer Institute (NCI) Designated Cancer Center Catchment Area in the southeastern United States.

Methods: Thirty (n=30) community stakeholders participated in in-depth interviews. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded by independent raters. Inter-rater reliabilities indicated adequate agreement [inter-rater reliability (r)= …

Comparing Treatment Efficacy Of Court-Type Traditional Thai Massage, Elastic Taping, And Stretching For Plantar Fasciitis: A Three-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial, Phiyaphon Poonsuk, Junya Pattaraarchachai, Sunyarn Niempoog, Watchara Damjuti, Jurairat Boonruab

Journal of Health Research

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a chronic inflammatory disease originating at the medial calcaneal tuberosity. Eight-five percent of people who walk extensively at work have plantar fasciitis. The efficacy of court-type Thai traditional massage (CTTM) has never been established. This study investigated the efficacies of CTTM, elastic taping (ET), and stretching (ST) in plantar fasciitis patient.

Methods: Ninety patients were randomly assigned for 4 weeks to receive either: 1) CTTM twice a week, 2) ET once a week, or 3) ST of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia every day. Pain intensity visual analogue scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and …

Chronic Diseases And Inpatient Care Among The Middle-Aged And Elderly People In Indonesia, Ema Madyaningrum

Journal of Health Research

Background: The prevalence of chronic diseases contributes to an increase in healthcare utilization that results in increased vulnerability in middle and old age. This study aims to determine the factors that influence in-patient care among the middle-aged and elderly.

Methods: We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using the Indonesia Family Life Survey 4 (IFLS 4) in 2007 (10,754 participants) and IFLS 5 in 2014 (12,058 participants). Chronic diseases include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, asthma, coronary heart diseases, liver diseases, cancer, arthritis, gout, high cholesterol, prostate illness, kidney diseases, and digestive diseases. We used the frequency distribution, and logistic regression to …

The Relationship Of Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure And Cognitive Decline Among Residents Of An Agricultural Area In Northern Thailand., Anurak Wongta, Surat Hongsibsong, Zhen Lin Xu, Somporn Chantara, Mookda Pattarawarapan, Ratana Sapbamrer, Korawan Sringarm, Nootchakarn Sawarng, Phannika Tongjai

Journal of Health Research

Background: Organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure may be associated with the subsequent development of cognitive decline, which is used to assess the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease. We investigated the correlations between biomarkers of OP exposure and cognitive decline among farmers and nonfarmers.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 98 participants. Biomarkers of OP exposure were analyzed, including acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase enzyme (BChE) activity. Cognitive decline was measured using the Thai Mental State Examination.

Results: The average AChE and BChE activity levels were 3.94±0.93 units/ml (mean ±SD) and 3.13±0.88 units/ml, respectively. Being employed in agricultural occupations were …

Anti-Obesity And Hypolipidemic Activity Ofpithecellobium Dulceagainst High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity In Experimental Animals, Ksheerasagar Jagadeeshwar, Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala, Rupaka Subhakar Raju, Koteswara Rao Gsn, Shireesha Boyapati, Appini Narayana Rao

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pithecellobium dulce (PD) (Leguminosae) is conventionally used for many diseases. The objective of this present study intended to assess the anti-obese and hypolipidemic properties of petroleum ether (PEPD), ethyl acetate (EAPD), and methanolic extract (MAPD) of leaves of aerial parts of PD in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hypolipidemic effect in obese animals. The present investigation, PD at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, was given along with HFD for 40 days. Our findings such as lipid profiles, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glucose, body weight, food intake, body temperature, atherogenic index, coronary index, weight of …

Effects Of Educational And Financial Interventions On The Quality Of Antibiotics Use In Community Care Clinics In Bangkok: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis, Dararat Samretwit, Yupadee Sirisinsuk

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: The National Health Security Office (NHSO) has set up the “Rational Drug Use Clinics (RDU)” network to promote the rational use of drugs in community care clinics in Bangkok. Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of educational and financial interventions of antibiotic (ATBs) use in community care clinics in Bangkok. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study, a time series analysis, was conducted. Aggregate weekly prescribing data were extracted from the NHSO Medical Claims Database from October 2013 to September 2019. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was utilized to assess intervention effects on …

Delamanid And Bedaquiline – A Review On Analytical Methods Determined With Recent Updates On Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, And Drug-Drug Interaction, Kamini Sethy, Konduri Raja Rajeswari, Gopal Krishna Padhy

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Delamanid and bedaquiline are recently approved drugs for the treatment of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (TB). It was found that the concomitant use of both drugs helped in treating patients with high drug-resistant strains. Fixed dose combination of delamanid and bedaquiline can be a possibility to control drug resistance TB. Therefore, the objective of this review was to collect data on different analytical methods used so far for the specific quantitation of delamanid and bedaquiline. Such information would be valuable to the research community to develop a new analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of these drugs. Analytical techniques are existing …

Vitamin E: A Simple Treatment For Complicated Diseases, Adhiraj Dasgupta, Sristi Das, Sandipta Ghosh, Krishnendu Acharya

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Vitamin E, which belongs to a class of lipid-soluble vitamins, is considered one of the most essential nutrients for the well-being of humans but can solely be obtained through diet. This Vitamin E group includes all the tocol and tocotrienol derivatives which are reported to exhibit diverse biological activities as evident from a literature survey. However, the current pharmacotherapies mainly target the different oxidation processes of the body that have been linked to numerous disease conditions such as cancer, arthritis, atherosclerosis, aging, and others. On that note, Vitamin E has multiple important roles within the body and recent studies indicate …

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Of Valproic Acid Using Pk-Sim, Lubna Gandevia, Sahithi Thotakura, Surulivelrajan Mallayasamy

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the highly prescribed first-line agents for epilepsy. VPA levels are monitored to maintain at appropriate levels. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) is a useful tool for a mechanistic understanding of pharmacokinetics (PKs) of drugs. Objectives: The objective is to develop a PBPK model for VPA using an open-source software platform like PK-Sim with a potential for dosage regimen optimization in epileptic patients. It was also planned to predict the impact of meropenem on the PKs of VPA. Methodology: Anonymized data of Indian epileptic patients with VPA levels were obtained from a prior study …

Anti-Toxic Principle From Moringa Oleifera But Not Myristica Fragrans Ameliorated Sodium Arsenite-Induced Toxicity On Testes And Sex Hormones Of Rats, Adelaja Akinlolu, Mubarak Ameen, Muheen Biliaminu, Mukadam Abdulhamid, Olaolu Ajiboye, Tobilola Quadri, Rukayat Jaji-Sulaimon, Adeoye Oyewopo, Aramide Aiyedogbon, Badejoko Akanmode, Cephas Agbagba, Sikiru Biliaminu, Raheem Akindele

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

This study evaluated the repro-protective potentials of MOF6 (isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves) and Trimyristin (TR) (isolated from Myristica fragrans seeds) in sodium arsenite (SA)-induced toxicity in rats. Sixty-five adult male rats were randomly divided into 13 groups (n = 5). Groups 1 and 3 received 9-week administrations of physiological saline and olive oil, respectively. Group 2 received 20 mg/kg bodyweight SA-only for 3 weeks and was untreated for 6 weeks. Groups 4–7 received a 3 week SA dose, followed by 6 weeks post-treatments with 5 mg and 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight MOF6, 15 mg, and 30 mg/kg bodyweight TR, respectively. …

Phytochemical Screening, Antihyperglycemic, Antihyperlipidemic, And Antioxidant Activities Of Parts Of Cleome Rutidosperma: A Comparative Study, Israel Oghenevwodokohwo Okoro, Ifeanyi Famous Ossamulu, Edith Omozefe Okoro

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background/Aim: Cleome rutidosperma is traditionally used as a remedy for several diseases such as diabetes and malarial. The phytochemical screening and influence of hydroethanol extracts of C. rutidosperma parts (leaves and roots) on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and parameters of oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in male albino rats were investigated. Materials and Methods: Qualitative phytochemical assays for the extracts were done by standard procedures. Different doses (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg body weight) of the extracts were administered to STZ-induced diabetic rats. Results: The presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins, steroids, Terpenoid, Cardiac glycoside, and Phenol was detected in the …

Development Of Topical Mosquito Repellent Emulgels Containing Zanthoxylum Limonella Essential Oils, Walaisiri Muangsiri, Thi Thi San, Pornpen Werawatganone

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Emulgels containing 18% w/w Zanthoxylum limonella Alston essential oils were developed as a mosquito repellent. The physical and chemical stabilities and in vivo efficacy of the product were evaluated. Physical stability was tested at 30°C, 75% RH, and 40°C, 75% RH for 3 months or using six heating–cooling cycles. The chemical stability of d-limonene and vanillin contents was analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. In vivo mosquito repellency test was performed using the human-bait technique. The product, which contains 11.4% w/w d-limonene and 5% w/w vanillin, was homogeneous and off-white with sweet and mild citrus …

Potential Effects Of Yahom And Thai Massage On Blood Pressure In Prehypertension Patients, Aumpol Bunpean, Oratai Neamsuvan, Sanan Subhadhirasakul, Thanyaluck Siriyong

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Purpose: This research aimed to study Thai traditional therapy’s effect in reducing hypertension in prehypertension patients. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quasi-experimental research was conducted on 83 prehypertension patients. Participants were chosen purposively into four groups with different interventions: Yahom formulation (YH) 1, YH2, Thai massage (TM), and control group (CG) with health-care advices. YH1 and YH2 were administered in doses of 2 capsules (500 mg each) 3 times daily before meals for 4 weeks. The intervention period of TM was 60 min/time of once weekly. For CG, participants were advised on life behavior modifications. The tools used consisted of the experimental data …

Attitude, Knowledge, Acceptance, And Willingness To Pay In Covid-19 Vaccination Among Thai Undergraduate Students, Jongrak Nonthing, Wan-Indris Waedoloh, Prakrit Ninlaphai, Krittaphas Kangwanrattanakul

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Given the demand for vaccination coverage to ease the pandemic situation and restore normal life in the university, evidence for examining the level of knowledge, attitudes, acceptance, and willingness to pay (WTP) for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among undergraduate students is required. Therefore, this study examined the level of those aspects among undergraduate students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was carried out among 434 participants between March 1, 2022, and March 31, 2022. An online selfadministered, anonymous questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitudes, acceptance, and WTP for the COVID-19 vaccines. Results: Respondents had good knowledge, and about …

Development Of Multidisciplinary Care Model With Participatory Action Research For Heart Failure Clinic In Bangkok, Thailand, Usasiri Srisakul, Warawut Umpornwirojkit, Supaporn Pattanasan, Apichot So-Ngern, Charlermsri Pummangura, Sarawut Siwamogsatham

Journal of Health Research

Background: Quality of care improvements is a challenge when resources are limited. In this participatory action research (PAR) study, we created a multidisciplinary care model (MCM) for heart failure clinic at a hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, and evaluated quality performance measures and clinical outcomes.

Methods: Using the PAR framework, this study included: 1) identification of problems and planning solutions with providers, 2) development of the MCM, 3) implementation of the MCM, 4) evaluation of quality process and outcome measures among heart failure patients at the follow-up conducted 6 months after implementation of the MCM, and 5) post-MCM survey.

Results: Information …

Public Health After Covid-19, Linda B. Cottler

Journal of Health Research

Background: This paper reflects on community health components during the COVID-19 epidemic in the light of major and always challenging health system issues from inequities, to financing, to delays in service delivery and the like.

Method: This is an invited commentary.

Results: The seven issues have been highlighted for the deconstruction of the public health infrastructure since COVID-19 (1) Growing social determinants of health disparities (2) Inadequate investment in public health infrastructure (3) Racial injustice and discrimination (4) Increased anxiety, depression and loneliness (5) Slow response to serious infectious diseases (6) Lack of diversity, equity, and sense of belonging (7) …

Factors Influencing Men’S Involvement In Maternal And Child Health: Men’S Experiences And Religious Leader’S Support In Central Java, Indonesia, Zahroh Shaluhiyah, Antono Suryoputro, Ratih Indraswari

Journal of Health Research

Background: The maternal mortality rate is still high in Indonesia and has not significantly decreased, including in Central Java. One indirect cause of maternal death is low husband involvement in improving mother and child health (MCH). This is due to cultural barriers and a lack of knowledge about the MCH problems. Therefore, this research aims to examine the significant factors influencing men’s involvement in MCH. We recommend an appropriate intervention model to engage them in MCH, primarily for their families and communities.

Method: This explanatory research study was conducted using a cross-sectional design involving 400 men. They were selected using …

Sustainable Management Of Facemask Waste Generated From Covid-19 Pandemic In Bhutan, Tshering Yangdon, Twisuk Punpeng, Sirima Mongkolosomit, Kampol Nanthapong, Kinzang Yangden

Journal of Health Research

Background: The rise in facemask waste with the uncertainty of deposition data and all its concomitant pressure on management has resulted in new risks and challenges for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). The purpose of this mixed methods study was to estimate facemask waste generation and examine management in Bhutan since the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: One thousand five hundred and twenty-seventh (1,527) consenting members of the public from Class A Thromdes (self-governing municipalities) were surveyed online from February to April 2022, to estimate mask waste using descriptive statistics. This was supported by the waste characterization conducted in Memelhakha, the biggest …

Workplace Violence Against Frontline Nurses In A University Hospital In Bangkok, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study, Nareerat Pummala, Ann Jirapongsuwan, Sukhontha Siri, Surintorn Kalampakorn

Journal of Health Research

Background: Workplace violence against nurses has increased attention worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) and related factors against frontline nurses in a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 275 nurses. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify any associations.

Results: Findings indicated that the prevalence of psychological WPV was 60.0% and physical WPV was 9.1%. Factors associated with physical WPV included working in the emergency, outpatient or psychiatric examination units (aOR= 4.62; 95% CI: 1.86-11.50). Additionally, work experience(aOR= 2.66; 95% CI: 1.53-4.62), personality type B (aOR=2.51; …

The Needs Of Thai Family Caregivers And Their Readiness To Provide Care For People With Psychosis: A Qualitative Approach, Pichamon Intaput, Wannarat Lawang, Anocha Tassanatanachai, Surapa Suksawat, Rachanee Sunsern

Journal of Health Research

Background: After the implementation of the deinstitutionalization policy, the role of family caregivers has grown in importance and the caring responsibilities have shifted onto their shoulders. This study sought to better understand the Thai family caregivers’ needs for readiness to care for people with psychosis.

Method: A total of 48 participants were enrolled in the study. A focus group discussion and in-depth interview were conducted with family caregivers of the people with psychosis at home, in an urban area of Chonburi province, Thailand. A content analysis approach was used to analyze the data.

Results: The findings revealed that caregivers' needs …

Workers' Perceptions On The Tolerability Of Their Respirators In Malaysia, Muhammad Z. Yusof, Nor I. Mukhtar

Journal of Health Research

Background: Little is known about Malaysian workers' tolerance for respirators in the workplace. This study aimed to assess Malaysian workers' perceptions of respirator tolerability and its relationship to socio-demographics and compliance.

Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2021 among respirator users in the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors. Background information and respirator compliance were collected using a structured online questionnaire. A R-COMFI questionnaire was used to measure respirator tolerability.

Results: This study recruited 340 participants, but only 278 of them met the inclusion criteria. More than half reported that wearing respirators was uncomfortable, impacted focus, …

Stress And Stress Coping Strategies Among Foreign Bachelor’S Medical Interns In Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (Bma) Hospitals, Prakasit Wannapaschaiyong, Kraiwuth Kallawicha

Journal of Health Research

Background– Stress among medical personnel is crucial, as it can cause the adverse health outcome to individuals who suffer from the stress as well as their clinical practice performance, which may cause serious outcomes to patients. This study focuses on the interns who received their medical degree overseas because they may have more stress due to their required clinical work and license examination. We conducted our study to determine the stress level, coping strategies, and associated factors among foreign bachelor’s medical interns in Bangkok, Thailand.

Method – A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 49 interns from Bangkok Metropolitan …

Extreme Weather And Melioidosis: An Endemic Tropical Disease In Penampang District Of Sabah, Malaysia, Sam Froze Jiee, Kai Joo Lim, Daryl Sin Choon Vui, Dina Peter Marius, Nurul Syafiqah Illyana, Anisah Jantim

Journal of Health Research

Background: Melioidosis is a fatal, but preventable communicable disease that is endemic in several parts of the world, including the state of Sabah, Malaysia, which is located in the northern part of Borneo Island. Flooding is one of the most regular natural disasters affecting some parts of Malaysia, including Sabah. The main aim of this study was to determine if rainfall and floods were significant risk factors contributing to the substantial burden of melioidosis in the Penampang district from 2015 to 2020.

Method: We analyzed 64 culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis in the Penampang district, Sabah, between 2015 and 2020 to …

A Randomized Experiment On The Effects Of Moral Appeals On U.S. Parents’ Intentions To Vaccinate Their 5e11-Year-Old Children Against Covid-19, Xiao Wang, Jie Xu

Journal of Health Research

Background: Democrats and Republicans in the United States were divided on their COVID-related risk perceptions and their adoption of preventive measures (e.g., getting vaccinated). Based on moral foundations theory and the matching hypothesis, this study hypothesized that parents with a Democratic affiliation would be persuaded by messages featuring a harm/care or a fairness moral appeal, whereas parents with a Republican affiliation would be persuaded by messages featuring an authority or ingroup loyalty appeal.

Method: An experiment was conducted among 567 parents with children aged 5-11, whereby each participant was randomly assigned to read one of the four moral …

Public Health Officers’ Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, And Behavior After Covid-19 Vaccination In Thailand, Uyen Thi To Nguyen, Charuai Suwanbamrung, Cua Ngoc Le, Wichaya Janhom, Yanika Ratjaran, Alisara Khwansri

Journal of Health Research

Background: Public health officers (PHOs) are the frontline health workforce against the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and therefore need high immunity for protection. The application of the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior (COM-B) model aimed to 1) explore the level of COM-B for prevention and control of COVID-19, and 2) analyze the association between factors and behaviors for prevention and control of COVID-19 among PHOs at primary care units (PCUs) of seven provinces in southern Thailand.

Methods: The study design performed an analytical cross-sectional study using information from primary care units from July to September 2021. Data collection used multi-stage …

Proceedings Of The 22nd International Conference Of Public Health Sciences

Journal of Health Research

Chulalongkorn University has its own vision to be a world-class national university that generates the knowledge and innovation necessary for the creative and sustainable transformation of Thai society. In order to accomplish this vision, Chulalongkorn University has been supporting every Faculties, Institutes, Colleges and etc. within the university to conduct academic activities including in-class teaching, research, and conferences as we have today. The College of Public Health Sciences is the academic entity that emphasizes the teaching-learning on graduate level in the field of public health and public health sciences. It utilizes a mechanism to combine research both in public health …

A Qualitative Analysis Of Emergency Medical Services Personnel Experiences And Perception Responding To Drug Overdoses In The Us During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nae Y. Won, Joseph J. Palamar, Stephen A. Mike, Nicole D. Fitzgerald, Linda B. Cottler

Journal of Health Research

Background: The purpose of this work was to describe the experiences of EMS personnel in responding to drug overdose-related calls and the impact the pandemic has had to help better inform current response and treatment efforts.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 99 EMS personnel across 18 areas throughout the United States that were designated as Early Warning Network sentinel sites by the National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded National Drug Early Warning System. Participants were asked about topics including the potential burdens from the pandemic and the opioid crisis. We coded the interview responses and identified themes through qualitative analysis. …

Socio-Demographic Determinants Of Non-Utilisation Of Antenatal Care Services By Women In The Northern Region Of Nigeria, Abubakar Yakubu Abbani, Yothin Sawangdee, Olusola Akintoye Omisakin, Maretalinia Maretalinia

Journal of Health Research

Background: A large proportion of women in the northern region of Nigeria do not utilise antenatal care (ANC) services. As a result, the region has the worst maternal and child health indicators. This study aims to identify the socio-demographic determinants of the non-utilisation of ANC services by pregnant women to provide evidence for policymakers to base decisions towards addressing the problem.

Methods: Data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey was used with a sample of 14,421 women with a pregnancy history. Descriptive, bivariate, and hierarchical regression analyses were applied to the data using STATA software version 15.

Results: …

The Relationship Between Coronavirus-Related Anxiety On Physical Frailty, Psychological Frailty, And Social Frailty In Older Community-Dwellers In Taiwan During The Covid-19 Pandemic, I-Chun Chen, Shao-Hsi Chang

Journal of Health Research

Background: Most activities in community centers have declined as a countermeasure against the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, multidimensional frailty rates gradually worsened. This research aimed to explore coronavirus-related anxiety and others factors that influence physical, psychological, and social frailty in older community-dwellers in Taiwan during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Two hundred and eight (208) elderlies over 65 years of age who lived in 12 administrative districts of Taipei City during the COVID-19 pandemic completed online questionnaires. The questionnaire asked for basic information, and included the coronavirus Pandemic Anxiety Scale, SARC-CalF of physical frailty, the Tilburg Frailty Indicator of psychological frailty, and …

Online Dispositional Flow Enhancement Training For Chinese Recreational Runners: A Single-Group Mixed-Method Evaluation, Lijuan Yang, Rajitha Menon

Journal of Health Research

Background: There are limited studies examining the effectiveness of Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE) on dispositional flow enhancement in the recreational population. This is the first empirical evaluation of an online 4-week MSPE designed to enhance dispositional flow in Chinese recreational runners.

Method: In this mixed-method study, a convergent design approach was adopted to examine the acceptability and effectiveness of the 4-week online MSPE in Chinese recreational runners (N = 41). The quantitative strand was designed with a single-group pre-test and post-test model in which the dispositional flow was assessed at 2-time points (i.e., pre and post) using the Chinese …