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The Effects Of Polymorphisms Of Viral Protein R Of Hiv-1 On The Induction Of Apoptosis In Primary Cells And The Characterization Of Twelve Novel Bacillus Anthracis Bacteriophage, Jacob D. Fairholm Aug 2022

The Effects Of Polymorphisms Of Viral Protein R Of Hiv-1 On The Induction Of Apoptosis In Primary Cells And The Characterization Of Twelve Novel Bacillus Anthracis Bacteriophage, Jacob D. Fairholm

Theses and Dissertations

Viral protein r (Vpr) of Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) plays an important role in the ability of the virus to infect cells and cause disease. Two polymorphisms to Vpr have been shown to result in differences in disease progression in infected individuals. R36W tends to result in rapid disease progression while R77Q results in long-term non-progression. In order to better understand how these polymorphisms result in these different disease phenotypes, our lab has recently shown that in cell culture, the R36W polymorphism results in increased viral replication and greater induction of cell death. On the other hand, infection …

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Student-Created Learning Objects For Mathematics Renewable Assignments: The Potential Value They Bring To The Broader Community, Webster Wong Aug 2022

Student-Created Learning Objects For Mathematics Renewable Assignments: The Potential Value They Bring To The Broader Community, Webster Wong

Theses and Dissertations

Having students create Learning Objects (LOs) through renewable assignments has proved more helpful to the student creators compared to disposable assignments in some aspects. Additionally, some researchers have presented evidence where the student-created LOs could benefit the users of the LOs more than traditional learning resources. In this study, I examined a collection of LOs created by college students in the subject of mathematics to understand the nature of the value that a student-created LO could bring to other learners. By extending a framework for non-disposable assignments (Seraphin et al., 2019), I evaluated 3 components that affect the value of …

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Anatomical And Biomechanical Factors Related To Running Economy In Uphill And Downhill Running, Mckenna Taylor Aug 2022

Anatomical And Biomechanical Factors Related To Running Economy In Uphill And Downhill Running, Mckenna Taylor

Theses and Dissertations

Much is known about running economy while running on level ground surfaces. However, with the dynamic of elevation changes during running, more research is needed to understand how various grades that will favor respective mechanics. PURPOSE: In this study, we focused on determining whether certain running mechanics and anatomy would predict a runner's oxygen uptake between downhill versus uphill running. METHODS: Twenty-one experienced runners completed six 5-min running trials (1 shoe x 3 grades x 2 visits) in a Saucony marathon racing shoe model (Type A) on level (3.83 m/s), uphill (+4% grade at 3.35 m/s), and downhill ( ˆ’4% …

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Catharanthine Modulates Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission: A Potential Treatment For Alcohol Use Disorder, Benjamin M. Williams Aug 2022

Catharanthine Modulates Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission: A Potential Treatment For Alcohol Use Disorder, Benjamin M. Williams

Theses and Dissertations

Catharanthine is derived from the Catharanthus roseus plant and is an analog to ibogaine, a drug that reduces opioid and alcohol withdrawal symptoms and decreases drug self-administration in both animals and humans. Catharanthine has promise to be an alternative pharmacological treatment for addiction without the adverse side effects associated with ibogaine. The objective of this study was to evaluate catharanthine’s effects on dopamine (DA) transmission in the mesolimbic DA system as well as determine its effects on both ethanol withdrawal induced anxiety and drug-seeking behaviors in mice. We hypothesized that catharanthine would inhibit evoked DA release in the nucleus accumbens …

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Simulation Of Crystal Nucleation In Polymer Melts, Pierre Kawak Aug 2022

Simulation Of Crystal Nucleation In Polymer Melts, Pierre Kawak

Theses and Dissertations

Semicrystalline polymers are an important class of materials for their prevalence in today's markets and their desirable properties. These properties depend on the early stages of the polymer crystallization process where a crystal nucleates from the polymer melt. This nucleation process is conventionally understood via an extension of Classical Nucleation Theory to polymers (CNTP). However, recent experimental and simulation evidence points to nucleation mechanisms that do not agree with the predictions of CNTP. Specifically, these experiments suggest a previously unrecognized role of nematic phases in mediating the melt"“crystal transtion. To explain these observations, several new theories of nucleation alternate to …

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A Comprehensive Phylogeny Of Stick And Leaf Insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) Reveals Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence, Jackson B. Linde Aug 2022

A Comprehensive Phylogeny Of Stick And Leaf Insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) Reveals Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence, Jackson B. Linde

Theses and Dissertations

Stick and leaf insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) are a mesodiverse order of insects distributed across the world. These masters of masquerade crypsis are riddled with analogous morphological characters and lack a robust taxonomic framework. It seems that convergent evolution and the re-evolution of complex traits like wings and ocelli is perhaps the rule rather than the exception in stick insects. To investigate the re-acquisition of traits in this unique study system, a robust phylogenetic framework is essential. Our analyses combine traditional Sanger data with a transcriptomic backbone to provide the most corroborated phylogenetic analyses to date. To accomplish this, we employ …

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Elucidating The Relationship Between Self-Reported Disability And Functional Movement In Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain, Kelsey Ampudia Clark Aug 2022

Elucidating The Relationship Between Self-Reported Disability And Functional Movement In Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain, Kelsey Ampudia Clark

Theses and Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: Low back pain (LBP) is often exacerbated by movement and, during functional movements, people with LBP tend to inherently modify their posture and movement patterns to avoid aggravating their pain further. Therefore, analysis of spinal movement in people with LBP is necessary and may lead to the identification of movement-based clusters for optimal treatment. PURPOSE: The overall purpose of this study was to investigate how movement patterns in people with chronic LBP relate to their subjective level of pain-related disability. First, we determined which spinal movements best discriminate between people with chronic LBP and asymptomatic controls; second, we ascertained …

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High-Velocity Impact Dissociation Of Molecular Species In Spacecraft-Based Mass Spectrometers, Brandon M. Turner Aug 2022

High-Velocity Impact Dissociation Of Molecular Species In Spacecraft-Based Mass Spectrometers, Brandon M. Turner

Theses and Dissertations

Mass spectrometers have proven to be vital to understanding the Solar System and the planets within it. Spacecraft containing mass spectrometers have been sent to numerous remote places and have determined important information about the atmospheric composition of Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, along with other celestial bodies. Such results have shown a variety of small neutral molecules, such as CH4 NH3, H2O, CO2, and CO, neutral radicals such as atomic O, H, and N, and a host of small ions, such as H+, N+, and NH4+. Closed ion source inlets, which allow for the detection of these small …

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Individual Adaptation And Structural Change: Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy In A Tribal College Context, Taylor Topham Aug 2022

Individual Adaptation And Structural Change: Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy In A Tribal College Context, Taylor Topham

Theses and Dissertations

Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs) are educational institutions owned by Native American tribes intended to address the failure of the education system to support Indigenous students. Significant research has been done on the value of culturally sustaining pedagogy (CSP) and on TCUs, but little has been done to examine whether and how TCUs implement CSP. This study aims to fill that gap by examining teaching at Chief Dull Knife College (CDKC), a tribal college on the Northern Cheyenne reservation. Interviews were conducted with eight white faculty members and four Cheyenne administrators at CDKC. Analysis of the interviews revealed that the …

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The Discovery Of Novel 14-3-3 Binding Proteins Atg9a And Ptov1 And Their Role In Regulating Cancer Mechanisms, Colten Mitchell Mcewan Aug 2022

The Discovery Of Novel 14-3-3 Binding Proteins Atg9a And Ptov1 And Their Role In Regulating Cancer Mechanisms, Colten Mitchell Mcewan

Theses and Dissertations

14-3-3 proteins are among a family of phospho-binding proteins that are known to regulate many essential cellular mechanisms. By binding to sites of phosphorylation, 14-3-3s are integrated into multiple signaling pathways that govern critical processes, such as apoptosis, cell cycle progression, autophagy, glucose metabolism, and cell motility. These processes are crucial for tumorigenesis and 14-3-3 proteins are known to play a central role in facilitating cancer progression. In this study, my colleagues and I discover two novel 14-3-3 interacting proteins, ATG9A and PTOV1, that are both vital to essential cellular functions and describe various mechanisms that these two proteins regulate. …

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Large-Scale Testing Of Reinforced Lightweight Cellular Concrete Backfill For Mse Walls, Christian E. Lundskog Aug 2022

Large-Scale Testing Of Reinforced Lightweight Cellular Concrete Backfill For Mse Walls, Christian E. Lundskog

Theses and Dissertations

The basic mixture of lightweight cellular concrete (LCC) consists of cement, water, and a stable foaming agent. It is generally classified as having a density of less than 50 pounds per cubic foot (pcf), which is less than both traditional concrete and backfill materials. LCC has gained popularity in construction due to its lightweight, self-leveling, and ease of production and placement. These characteristics have made LCC a popular lightweight backfill material for mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls. However, there has been relatively little research on the large-scale behavior of LCC as a MSE backfill. Therefore, large-scale test results defining failure …

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Experimental Design And Construction Of The First Rotor Induced Collision Cell (Ricc) For Studying High Velocity Molecular Impacts, Abraham Lehi De La Cruz Hernandez Aug 2022

Experimental Design And Construction Of The First Rotor Induced Collision Cell (Ricc) For Studying High Velocity Molecular Impacts, Abraham Lehi De La Cruz Hernandez

Theses and Dissertations

The identification and characterization of molecular biomarkers using mass spectrometry on an orbiting or fly-by spacecraft is one of the preferred analytical techniques in the search for life beyond the Earth. However, analysis is complicated by unwanted molecular dissociation occurring when sampled native molecules impact the instrument at high velocity. The mechanisms of chemical changes produced in high velocity impacts have been studied experimentally in some cases; however, there are significant experimental limitations to these techniques. Here I present the design, construction, and testing of a new experimental technique to produce high velocity molecular and microparticle collisions under a controlled …

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Data Assimilation And Parameter Recovery For Rayleigh-Bénard Convection, Jacob William Murri Aug 2022

Data Assimilation And Parameter Recovery For Rayleigh-Bénard Convection, Jacob William Murri

Theses and Dissertations

Many problems in applied mathematics involve simulating the evolution of a system using differential equations with known initial conditions. But what if one records observations and seeks to determine the causal factors which produced them? This is known as an inverse problem. Some prominent inverse problems include data assimilation and parameter recovery, which use partial observations of a system of evolutionary, dissipative partial differential equations to estimate the state of the system and relevant physical parameters (respectively). Recently a set of procedures called nudging algorithms have shown promise in performing simultaneous data assimilation and parameter recovery for the Lorentz equations …

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Space-Time Block-Encoded 16-Apsk In Aeronautical Mobile Telemetry, Autumn Twitchell Aug 2022

Space-Time Block-Encoded 16-Apsk In Aeronautical Mobile Telemetry, Autumn Twitchell

Theses and Dissertations

The two-antenna problem in aeronautical mobile telemetry is created by the reception of two copies of the same RF waveform with different phases and time delays. Alamouti and Alamouti-like space time block codes can solve the two-antenna problem, but the decoder/detector needs to account for the different time delays between the signals received from the two transmit antennas. In this thesis, a comparison is made between the performance of Alamouti space-time block codes and time-reversed space-time block codes with 16-APSK to solve the two-antenna problem. The maximum likelihood decoder/detector for Alamouti-encoded 16-APSK is a sequence detector operating on a trellis …

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Developing Ultra-High Resolution 3d Printing For Microfluidics, Kent Richard Hooper Aug 2022

Developing Ultra-High Resolution 3d Printing For Microfluidics, Kent Richard Hooper

Theses and Dissertations

Building upon previous research on Digital Light Projection (DLP) 3D printing for microfluidics, in this thesis I performed the detailed design and fabrication of a novel DLP 3D printer to increase resolution and device footprint flexibility. This new printer has a pixel resolution twice that of our group’s previous printers (3.8 μm vs 7.6 μm). I demonstrated a new state of the art for minimum channel width, reducing the minimum width to 15 μm wide (and 30 μm tall). This is an improvement over the previous smallest width of 20 μm. This printer also has the capacity to perform multiple …

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Investigations Into Pressure Profile And Pressure Control In Wrist-Worn Health Monitoring Devices, Roger Mcallister Black Aug 2022

Investigations Into Pressure Profile And Pressure Control In Wrist-Worn Health Monitoring Devices, Roger Mcallister Black

Theses and Dissertations

To aid in the design of future wearable health devices (WHDs), contact pressure between the distal forearm (wrist) and two different wrist-worn devices was investigated in this work. The first device included eight force sensors arranged in series along the length of a wristband to measure the pressure profile. The band also included a tensioner device for manually tightening the band while on a wrist. Testing was done on dummy wrists and the results were statistically significant supporting the hypothesis that areas of the wrist with lower radius of curvature will experience higher contact pressures generally and a faster rate …

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Gendered Differences In The Effects Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Adolescent Substance Use, Emley A. Holcombe Aug 2022

Gendered Differences In The Effects Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Adolescent Substance Use, Emley A. Holcombe

Theses and Dissertations

Adolescence is a high-risk period for substance use, and the prevalence of adolescent substance use is a public health concern. Contributing factors for adolescent substance use are adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). ACEs are potentially traumatic childhood events that have negative associations with health and risk behaviors. The purpose of this study is to examine how the accumulation, timing, and duration of early ACEs (by age 5) impacts adolescent substance use. In addition, this study examines differences in these relationships by gender. Data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCW) were used for the logistic regression analyses. The results …

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Acceptance Finds A Way: How To Teach And Use Evolution's Explanatory Power, Daniel George Ferguson Aug 2022

Acceptance Finds A Way: How To Teach And Use Evolution's Explanatory Power, Daniel George Ferguson

Theses and Dissertations

The theory of evolution is the central combing theory that brings together all the tenets of biology that bring about a solid understanding of life. It is also one of the most controversial scientific theories of all time and is widely rejected by about 40% of the general public in the United States. One of the biggest reasons for low evolution acceptance is the perceived conflict between evolution and religious beliefs. Educators and researchers have been working hard to improve how we teach evolution in the classroom; some methods, such as focusing on evolution knowledge, have shown to be mixed. …

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Help-Seeking Experiences As An Individual With Suicide Ideation: A Qualitative Study About Seeking Help For Suicide Ideation, Makaela H. Caldwell Aug 2022

Help-Seeking Experiences As An Individual With Suicide Ideation: A Qualitative Study About Seeking Help For Suicide Ideation, Makaela H. Caldwell

Theses and Dissertations

Suicide ideation and suicide impact a rapidly rising number of individuals each year, however our society has not envisioned a way to increase help-seeking behaviors to decrease these numbers. The literature discusses many barriers and hurdles to help-seeking, but the focus of SI within the context of help-seeking has not been studied in depth. The purpose of this qualitative study was to increase knowledge on the process through which individuals determine how and whom to ask for help when experiencing SI. Two sections of themes were found: things that encourage individuals to seek or continue to seek help, and things …

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Getting Back On Track After Challenges: A Qualitative Analysis Of Repair Efforts In Intimate Relationships, Tiffany Reid Lotulelei Aug 2022

Getting Back On Track After Challenges: A Qualitative Analysis Of Repair Efforts In Intimate Relationships, Tiffany Reid Lotulelei

Theses and Dissertations

All couples confront conflict in their marriage. Finding ways to navigate couple conflict is a topic that has been explored for several decades among marriage researchers (Rollin & Dowd, 1979). Repair, a strategy to help reconcile a situation or conversation that has gone awry, is important in helping couples overcome conflict. When couples are not able to repair and move forward, resentment arises. Unfortunately, the research on repair and resentment is limited, and the complexity of these variables can make it difficult to conceptualize. The present study utilized a qualitative lens (grounded constructivist theory) to explore relational repair and resentment …

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Design And Characterization Of Phased Arrays For Uas Detection And Tracking, David Buck Aug 2022

Design And Characterization Of Phased Arrays For Uas Detection And Tracking, David Buck

Theses and Dissertations

This work continues the development of phased array radar for UAS detection and tracking. The earlier 1D scanning, 4 channel BYU SAA radar is improved upon and replicated to form a network of radars. These are shown to work together for higher level tracking across multiple fields of view. Additionally, a new phased array instrument is designed and constructed with 16 channels, 2D scanning, and improved signal processing algorithms. Preliminary metrics and field results show the operation of this sensor. A new technique for measuring array mutual impedances from embedded element patterns is developed here. This technique uses an antenna …

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Researching Religion, Tourism, And Other Sundry Items, Daniel H. Olsen Aug 2022

Researching Religion, Tourism, And Other Sundry Items, Daniel H. Olsen

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Pilgrimage, Religious / spiritual tourism, Contested heritage tourism, Geography of religion, Tourism in peripheral areas, Tourism and disabilities

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Data Mining For Disease Mechanisms & Biomarkers, Brett E. Pickett Aug 2022

Data Mining For Disease Mechanisms & Biomarkers, Brett E. Pickett

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Transcriptomics, RNA-sequencing, Data mining, Machine learning, Biomarker identification, Comparative genomics, Oxford Nanopore sequencing, Genome assembly

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Multi-Scale Simulation Of Turbulent Reacting Flow, David O. Lignell Aug 2022

Multi-Scale Simulation Of Turbulent Reacting Flow, David O. Lignell

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Simulation, Fire, Turbulence, Soot, Radiation, Software

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Fulbright Program Opportunities, Kristen Kellems Aug 2022

Fulbright Program Opportunities, Kristen Kellems

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

No abstract provided.

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Smart Seeds - A Platform For Wide Area Land Management, Brian Mazzeo Aug 2022

Smart Seeds - A Platform For Wide Area Land Management, Brian Mazzeo

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

System and sensor development, Data acquisition, Signal processing, and Non-destructive evaluation of materials

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Brain, Behavior, & Dysfunction, Jared Nielsen Aug 2022

Brain, Behavior, & Dysfunction, Jared Nielsen

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

We are interested in answering questions about the organization of the brain and how neurological and psychiatric illnesses disrupt its organization. To answer these questions, we use a variety of analytical techniques to extract quantitative information from MRI scans. We currently have projects that investigate how the brain is affected in patients with autism, dementia, OCD, and mood and anxiety disorders. Our hope is that the information we learn as scientists will inform and improve the way clinicians diagnose and treat their patients.

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3d Printing For Lab-On-A-Chip, Greg P. Nordin Aug 2022

3d Printing For Lab-On-A-Chip, Greg P. Nordin

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

3D printed microfluids, biological and chemical sensors, Nanophotonics and integrated optics, Micro- and nanofabrication, MEMS, and Microfluids

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Barriology, Dario Mizrachi Aug 2022

Barriology, Dario Mizrachi

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Stem cells

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Defining Molecular Pathways Of Expanding Functional Beta Cell Mass, Jeffery S. Tessem Aug 2022

Defining Molecular Pathways Of Expanding Functional Beta Cell Mass, Jeffery S. Tessem

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Diabetes, beta cell function, gene transcription, nuclear hormone receptors

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