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Full Issue, Byu Studies Apr 2014

Full Issue, Byu Studies

BYU Studies

No abstract provided.

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Calorespirometric Determination Of The Effects Of Temperature, Humidity, Low O2 And High Co2 On The Development Of Musca Domestica Pupae, J. J. Joyal, L. D. Hansen, D. R. Coons, G. M. Booth, B. N. Smith, D. D. Mill Mar 2014

Calorespirometric Determination Of The Effects Of Temperature, Humidity, Low O2 And High Co2 On The Development Of Musca Domestica Pupae, J. J. Joyal, L. D. Hansen, D. R. Coons, G. M. Booth, B. N. Smith, D. D. Mill

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Evolutionary fitness [1, 2] and physical activity [3] are related to the metabolic activity of organisms. The metabolic rate of an organism may be measured as the rates of CO2 or heat production, or of O2 consumption [4–6, 7]. Calorespirometric data on both heat and CO2 rates allows calculation of anabolic rates, calculation of efficiencies of conversion of substrate into anabolic products, and provides information on the nature of the substrate carbon source [6, 7]. In this study, heat and CO2 production rates of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) pupae were measured during exposure to varied humidity, temperature, decreasing O2 partial …

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Study Abroad As A Transformative Experience: Measuring Transformative Learning Phases And Outcomes, Garrett Anderson Stone Mar 2014

Study Abroad As A Transformative Experience: Measuring Transformative Learning Phases And Outcomes, Garrett Anderson Stone

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to verify Mezirow's (1978) Transformative Learning Theory as a model to explain how study abroad participation facilitates efforts to internationalize students in higher education. Specifically this study used block-entry, logistic and linear regression models to explore the relationship between transformative learning processes and study abroad outcomes. Data were collected from business students (N =107) at Brigham Young University using a retrospective pretest method. Findings indicated transformative learning was occurring in short term study abroad settings and transformative learning phases were related to increases in Intercultural Competence. These findings were consistent between year cohorts suggesting …

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The Complex Nature Of Learning Failure: A Student Perspective, Keith R. Proctor Mar 2014

The Complex Nature Of Learning Failure: A Student Perspective, Keith R. Proctor

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore how college students reflectively describe their learning failure experiences, along with the major themes of those experiences. Through a series of in-depth interviews, four narrative cases written from the perspective of two college students were developed. These four cases were then carefully analyzed and cross-examined to generate a deeper understanding of college student learning failures. This study explored approximately 78 themes related to these four cases, which led to the development of six key components of college student learning failure experiences: Recognizing Learning Failures, Evaluating Learning Failures, Attributions for Learning Failures, Self-Discovery …

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Nitrogen Use Efficiency Of Polymer-Coated Urea, Curtis J. Ransom Mar 2014

Nitrogen Use Efficiency Of Polymer-Coated Urea, Curtis J. Ransom

Theses and Dissertations

Plants require N to complete their life cycle. Without adequate concentration of N, crops will not produce their potential yields. For turfgrass systems, N fertilizer application allows for the maintenance of functional, aesthetic, and recreational properties. However, fertilizer mismanagement is common and leads to N pollution in the environment. Controlled-release and slow-release fertilizers can enhance nitrogen (N)-use efficiency, reduce N pollution, minimize the need for repeated fertilizer applications, and reduce turfgrass shoot growth and associated costs. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these fertilizers in the Intermountain West, research is needed. The timing of N release was evaluated for …

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Development Of A Chloride Concentration Sampling Protocol For Concrete Bridge Decks, Sharlan Renae Montgomery Mar 2014

Development Of A Chloride Concentration Sampling Protocol For Concrete Bridge Decks, Sharlan Renae Montgomery

Theses and Dissertations

As the primary cause of concrete bridge deck deterioration in the United States is corrosion of the steel reinforcement as a result of the application of chloride-based deicing salts, chloride concentration testing is among the most common techniques for evaluating the condition of a concrete bridge deck. The objectives of this research were to 1) compare concrete drilling and powder collection techniques to develop a sampling protocol for accurately measuring chloride concentrations and 2) determine the number of chloride concentration test locations necessary for adequately characterizing the chloride concentration of a given bridge deck. Laboratory experiments on concrete drilling and …

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Estimating The Acoustic Power Of Sources In Nonideal Enclosures Using Generalized Acoustic Energy Density, Daniel Ryan Marquez Mar 2014

Estimating The Acoustic Power Of Sources In Nonideal Enclosures Using Generalized Acoustic Energy Density, Daniel Ryan Marquez

Theses and Dissertations

Sound power measurements of acoustic sources are generally made in reverberation or anechoic chambers using acoustic pressure measurements as outlined in specific ISO or other standards. A reverberation chamber produces an approximate diffuse-field condition, wherein the sound power is determined from the spatially averaged squared pressure. An anechoic chamber produces an approximate free-field condition, wherein the sound power is estimated from squared pressure over an enveloping measurement surface. However, in many cases it is desirable to estimate sound power within nonideal semi-reverberant spaces. In these environments, both direct and reverberant energies may contribute significantly to the total acoustic field. This …

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Examining Religious Commitment, Perfectionism, Scrupulosity, And Well-Being Among Lds Individuals, Kawika Allen, Kenneth T. Wang Mar 2014

Examining Religious Commitment, Perfectionism, Scrupulosity, And Well-Being Among Lds Individuals, Kawika Allen, Kenneth T. Wang

Faculty Publications

This study examined the relationships and interactions between religious commitment, perfectionism, scrupulosity, and psychological well-being among Latter-Day Saints (LDS or Mormons). The results showed a positive association between religious commitment and satisfaction with life. Scrupulosity partially mediated the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with life. The sample majority was classified as adaptive perfectionists, reporting higher intra- and interpersonal religious commitment, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life, and lower levels of anxiety and depression than the maladaptive and nonperfectionists. Additional results are provided. Implications of these findings are outlined.

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A Dyadic Analysis Of Couple Attachment Behaviors As Predictors Of Dietary Habits And Physical Activity Levels, Stephanie Young Mar 2014

A Dyadic Analysis Of Couple Attachment Behaviors As Predictors Of Dietary Habits And Physical Activity Levels, Stephanie Young

Theses and Dissertations

While there is substantial evidence that marriage impacts health, no studies have explicitly analyzed the association between attachment behaviors and health practices. This study examines the relationship between couples' attachment behaviors and health practices, as measured by physical activity levels and dietary habits. Couple data was analyzed from the RELATE database (n= 4,957 couples). An Actor Partner Interdependence Model, using a multinomial logistic regression, was used to examine the relationships between attachment behaviors and health practices, as measured by activity level and dietary habits. Results for actor paths indicate that wives' own attachment behaviors significantly influence their own health practices. …

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Sense Of Community In A Blended Technology Integration Course: A Design-Based Research Study, John Buckley Harrison Mar 2014

Sense Of Community In A Blended Technology Integration Course: A Design-Based Research Study, John Buckley Harrison

Theses and Dissertations

This design-based research study explored whether Sense of Community was maintained while flexibility in the course was increased through an adoption of a unique blended learning model. Data collected in this study show a significant drop in the sense of connectedness score from a mean of 50.8 out of 66 to a mean of 39.68 in the first iteration. The score then began to gradually increase, reaching 50.65 in the third iteration. Results indicate that transitioning to a blended learning environment may be a suitable option to increase flexibility while maintaining a Sense of Community in a project-based course. Future …

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Nascent Peptides That Induce Translational Arrest, Christopher J. Woolstenhulme Mar 2014

Nascent Peptides That Induce Translational Arrest, Christopher J. Woolstenhulme

Theses and Dissertations

Although the ribosome is a very general catalyst, it cannot synthesize all protein sequences equally well. Certain proteins are capable of stalling the ribosome during their own synthesis. Stalling events are used by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to regulate gene expression. Characterization of natural stalling peptides shows that only a few strategically placed amino acids are needed to inactivate the ribosome. These motifs share little sequence similarity suggesting that there are more stalling motifs yet to be discovered. Here we use two genetic selections in E. coli to discover novel stalling peptides and detail their subsequent characterization. Kinetic studies …

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Pe Central: A Possible Online Professional Development Tool, Amber M. Hall Mar 2014

Pe Central: A Possible Online Professional Development Tool, Amber M. Hall

Theses and Dissertations

Bringing about positive teacher change in physical education is often a slow process not supported by traditional professional development practices. The purpose of this study was (a) to assess the usage and satisfaction with the online site PE Central and (b) to ascertain whether PE Central constitutes a valid source of professional development leading to changes in teaching practices and student learning outcomes. Participants (45 pre-service and 288 in-service teachers) completed an online survey assessing the effects of using PE Central on their perceptions of usage, satisfaction, professional development, teacher change, and student engagement. Results indicated no significant differences between …

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The Minimum Rank Of Schemes On Graphs, William Nelson Sexton Mar 2014

The Minimum Rank Of Schemes On Graphs, William Nelson Sexton

Theses and Dissertations

Let G be an undirected graph on n vertices and let S(G) be the class of all real-valued symmetric n × n matrices whose nonzero off-diagonal entries occur in exactly the positions corresponding to the edges of G. Let V = {1, 2, . . . , n} be the vertex set of G. A scheme on G is a function f : V → {0, 1}. Given a scheme f on G, there is an associated class of matrices Sf (G) = {A ∈ S(G)|aii = 0 if and only if f(i) = 0}. A scheme f is said …

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Inhibition Of Pim And Axl Kinases As Potential Treatments For A Variety Of Hematological Malignancies And Solid Tumors, Kent James Carpenter Feb 2014

Inhibition Of Pim And Axl Kinases As Potential Treatments For A Variety Of Hematological Malignancies And Solid Tumors, Kent James Carpenter

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is divided into three chapters. In each case, the goal is to achieve inhibition of a growth kinase (PIM or AXL) and subsequent arrest of cell growth and induction of apoptosis (in vitro cell culture models) or decrease in tumor volume (in vivo xenograft studies). Chapter one and chapter two discuss inhibition of proviral integration site for Moloneymurine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases. The three PIM kinases, PIM-1, PIM-2, and PIM-3, are a subfamily of serine/threonine kinases that are known to be involved in signaling pathways as downstream effectors of signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (STAT5) signaling and …

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Creating Student-¬‐Experts In Hydroecology, Richard Gill Feb 2014

Creating Student-¬‐Experts In Hydroecology, Richard Gill

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The National Research Council, in its report on how people learn, identified key differences between novices and experts (Bransford et al. 2000; Donovan and Bransford 2005). One of the grand challenges of education is to shepherd students through the process of becoming experts. Mentored research experiences are a critical component of this process as students “grow in skills and increase in responsibility” (Mentoring Principle #3) and participate in projects that “extend well beyond the routine” and “[develop] of new concepts of learning” (Mentoring Principle #5). Bransford et al. (2000) emphasized that developing into an expert requires, among other things, (1) …

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Conservation Of The Che And Pho Systems In Escherichia Coli, Kimberly B. Zumbrennen, Dr. William R. Mccleary Feb 2014

Conservation Of The Che And Pho Systems In Escherichia Coli, Kimberly B. Zumbrennen, Dr. William R. Mccleary

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Bacteria live in a continuously changing environment. In order to survive, bacteria must monitor nutrients, acidity, temperature, osmolarity, etc. The use of two-component systems to sense and respond to these environmental changes is a common motif observed in a wide variety of organisms. A two-component system consists of two main proteins, a sensor and a response regulator(2). The sensor protein is a trans-membrane protein which monitors environmental fluctuations and activates the response regulator through phosphorylation. The response regulator contains two domains, the receiver module and the output domain. The receiver module is phosphorylated and dephosphorylated by the sensor protein. Communication …

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The Effects Of Live Harp Music On Caloric Intake, Weight Gain, And Length Of Stay Of Infants In The Newborn Intensive Care Unit, John Wallace Gardner, Dr. Rosalie R. Pratt Feb 2014

The Effects Of Live Harp Music On Caloric Intake, Weight Gain, And Length Of Stay Of Infants In The Newborn Intensive Care Unit, John Wallace Gardner, Dr. Rosalie R. Pratt

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Prematurely born infants begin life with underdeveloped systems and organs and lack the stability to live optimally outside the womb without significant support from technology and trained professional staff. Preterm infants may suffer from low weight, difficulties with consumption and digestion, exposure to high stress, uncontrolled motor movement, and numerous other difficulties. Most of these infants spend their first weeks and even months of life as high-risk patients in a newborn intensive care unit (NBICU or NICU).

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Transmission Electron Microscopy Study Of Tobacco Seed Endosperm Transformed With Zein Protein Genes From Zea Mays, Susan Eldredge, Dr. Craig E. Coleman Feb 2014

Transmission Electron Microscopy Study Of Tobacco Seed Endosperm Transformed With Zein Protein Genes From Zea Mays, Susan Eldredge, Dr. Craig E. Coleman

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Zein proteins represent the prolamin (alcohol soluble) fraction of maize storage proteins. Zeins constitute approximately 50 percent of the total seed protein in maize, and therefore greatly affect the overall amino acid balance of the maize grain (1).

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Cyclooxygenase 1 And 2: Development Of Canine Invitro And Whole Blood Assays For Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Nicole L. Hatch, Dr. Daniel L. Simmons Feb 2014

Cyclooxygenase 1 And 2: Development Of Canine Invitro And Whole Blood Assays For Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Nicole L. Hatch, Dr. Daniel L. Simmons

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are the basis for a multi-billion dollar pharmaceutical market. Their target, Cyclooxygenase (COX), might from an economic standpoint be considered the most important enzyme known to man (1). NSAIDS inhibit COX from producing arachdonic acid, a precursor to prostaglandins (2). Prostaglandins have been indicated in platelet aggregation, cancer, the processing of pain information in the spinal cord, septic shock, smooth muscle contraction during ovulation, cell proliferation, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammation.

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Random Mutagenesis In Phob: A Proposed Study Of The Effects Of Mutations In Phosphate Regulation, Chad C. Lowe, Dr. William R. Mccleary Feb 2014

Random Mutagenesis In Phob: A Proposed Study Of The Effects Of Mutations In Phosphate Regulation, Chad C. Lowe, Dr. William R. Mccleary

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Within the prokaryotic cell, the intake of essential nutrients is continuously regulated by intracellular mechanisms. When fundamental nutrients become scarce, cellular stress responses are activated to enable the cell to survive in a harsh environment. Recent studies have shown a two-component regulatory mechanism which enhances Escherichia coli intracellular phosphate uptake in a phosphatepoor environment (5). This system, called the Pho system, consists of a sensor (PhoR) and an activator (PhoB). When environmental phosphate is limited, PhoR becomes autophosphorylated and in turn phosphorylates PhoB (4). The phosphorylated PhoB recognizes and binds to a consensus sequence called the “pho box” and …

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Research Project Results: An Economic Comparison Of Two Rural Chilean Towns, Wade O. Bean, Dr. Darren Timothy Feb 2014

Research Project Results: An Economic Comparison Of Two Rural Chilean Towns, Wade O. Bean, Dr. Darren Timothy

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Rural areas in developing countries are often the breeding ground as well as the testing ground for economic theory. Two rural towns near Santiago, Chile became of particular interest to me, as they were very similar in many aspects of their economic structure yet very different in others. In studying and comparing these two towns, it became evident that a certain combination of economic factors in these towns did yield the outcome that economic theory would predict.

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Female Arguments: An Examination Of The Utah Woman’S Suffrage Debates Of 1880 And 1895 As Represented In Opposing Utah Women’S Newspapers, Janika Isakson Feb 2014

Female Arguments: An Examination Of The Utah Woman’S Suffrage Debates Of 1880 And 1895 As Represented In Opposing Utah Women’S Newspapers, Janika Isakson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The fight for woman’s suffrage in the Utah Territory, where many citizens supported the practice of polygamy, was full of contradictions from the very beginning. Following the Civil War, various groups, including Congress in 1868, proposed woman’s suffrage as a possible solution for terminating polygamy in Utah.1 Following Wyoming’s lead in giving women the right to vote in 1869, the Utah Territorial government in 1871, with the support ofLDS Church President Brigham Young, also gave Utah women the right to vote.’ Brigham Young advised, “Now, sisters, I want you to vote also because women are the characters that rule the …

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Genetics And History Surrounding Chachapoyas, Peru, Joel E. Myres Feb 2014

Genetics And History Surrounding Chachapoyas, Peru, Joel E. Myres

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Anthropologists studying human diversity and distribution have long recognized that humans are the recipients of two major informational systems; one cultural and the other biological. Both these components of human diversity are inherited by organisms, be they individuals or populations, across spatial and temporal realms, and retain the ability to influence the behavior or continuance of the organism in terms of fitness. Similarly, the biological record can reflect cultural processes or transitions, such as migrations or disease, much as ethnographic studies can identify elements of cultural adoption, such as ideas or practices. In as much as these elements of culture …

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Confronting The Past: Japan And Its Legal And Moral Responsibilities Towards Asian Comfort Women, Timothy D. Tree, Dr. Ray Christensen Feb 2014

Confronting The Past: Japan And Its Legal And Moral Responsibilities Towards Asian Comfort Women, Timothy D. Tree, Dr. Ray Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

On August 14, 1991, Kim Hak-Sun became the first Asian comfort woman to break fifty years of self-imposed silence about the horrors she and thousands of other young Asian women endured a half century ago. Four months later, two more Korean women stepped forward and told the world their stories. These three Korean septuagenarians were former “comfort women”, women drafted by the Japanese Imperial Army for military sexual slavery during World War II (1).

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Quaestio Linguae 1995: The Use Of English Words In The Italian Language, Aaron Hess Sherinian Feb 2014

Quaestio Linguae 1995: The Use Of English Words In The Italian Language, Aaron Hess Sherinian

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Scholars have labored for centuries to define the elements that constitute the Italian language. This debate, the “QUAESTIO LINGUAE” or “question of the language” as it is referred to, often takes into consideration the influence of foreign languages upon Italian (Petronio 1987).

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The Moral And Spiritual Heritage Of The United States: A Resource For Teachers, Karalee Flinders Jackman Feb 2014

The Moral And Spiritual Heritage Of The United States: A Resource For Teachers, Karalee Flinders Jackman

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This project was a historical investigation. It documents the moral and spiritual heritage of America which appears to have shifted dramatically between 1880 and 1920. Historical research designs can be quantitative and/ or qualitative in nature. While there are many branches of historical studies. this investigation followed that of “intellectual history.” Intellectual histories compliment the investigation of world perspectives. The evidence in this study demonstrates a radical change has occurred In the world view from that espoused by early American writers. The move has shifted from the sacred, toward the secular. Prospective teachers from Brigham Young University, who will teach …

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Abinadi, An Opera In Two Acts, Meredith Ryan Taylor, Dr. David Sargent Feb 2014

Abinadi, An Opera In Two Acts, Meredith Ryan Taylor, Dr. David Sargent

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Abinadi, at the time of this report, has not been completed. Originally the opera was intended to be finished with an orchestration requiring soloists, chorus and a small instrumental ensemble of not more than twenty players. Early on in the process of writing, Dr. Lawrence Vincent (head of BYU opera) expressed an interest in somehow staging the work, but was unsure that the funds would be available for an orchestra. In consideration of this and the prospect of having the work staged I decided to reduce the amount of instrumentalists to three- two pianists and a woodwind specialist (the cast …

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International Center For Law And Religion Studies, Cole Durham Feb 2014

International Center For Law And Religion Studies, Cole Durham

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In 2010 Professor W. Cole Durham, Jr. received a grant in the amount of $20,000 to help offset the cost of mentoring and training selected law students following their first year of law school. These funds were received and accounted for by the International Center for Law and Religion Studies at BYU (the “Center”) of which Professor Durham is the Director. This grant was to assist law students perform the following functions:

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International Center For Law And Religion Studies, Cole Durham Feb 2014

International Center For Law And Religion Studies, Cole Durham

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In 2010 Professor W. Cole Durham, Jr. received a grant in the amount of $20,000 to help offset the cost of mentoring and training selected law students following their first year of law school. These funds were received and accounted for by the International Center for Law and Religion Studies at BYU (the “Center”) of which Professor Durham is the Director. This grant was to assist law students perform the following functions:

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The New Language Policy In South Africa: A Sociolinguistic Analysis And Implication For The Bantu Languages, Richard Cameron Blake Feb 2014

The New Language Policy In South Africa: A Sociolinguistic Analysis And Implication For The Bantu Languages, Richard Cameron Blake

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In April, 1994, the first all-race presidential and parliamentary elections were held In South Africa after several years of multi-party constitutional negotiations. J’ielson Mandela, a political-prisoner-turned-president, was given the charge to uphold the new constitution, one In which all South Africans are regarded equally, regardless of race. Part of that constitution is a new language policy designed to reflect the wide diversity of languages In the country. Under the new language policy, 11 languages (nine of them spoken by different African tribal groups) are now recognized as official languages instead of only English and Afrikaans (a Dutch-based language spoken by …

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