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Mink Predation On Radio-Tagged Trout During Winter In A Low-Gradient Reach Of A Mountain Stream, Wyoming, Jason W. Lindstrom, Wayne A. Hubert Oct 2004

Mink Predation On Radio-Tagged Trout During Winter In A Low-Gradient Reach Of A Mountain Stream, Wyoming, Jason W. Lindstrom, Wayne A. Hubert

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Index [And Table Of Contents] To Volume 64 Oct 2004

Index [And Table Of Contents] To Volume 64

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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A Relocation Technique For Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs, Kelly A. Roe, Christopher M. Roe Oct 2004

A Relocation Technique For Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs, Kelly A. Roe, Christopher M. Roe

Western North American Naturalist

Relocations of black-tailed prairie dogs have occurred both to save individual prairie dogs from urban development and to reestablish populations that have been extirpated. Unfortunately, however, many past relocation efforts rarely exceeded 40% retention. Many factors have contributed to very low retention rates in past relocation efforts including lack of (1) suitable habitat, (2) proper artificial burrow systems, (3) aboveground acclimation cages or pens, and (4) skilled people conducting the relocations. In an attempt to increase prairie dog relocation success, we developed techniques that are easy to implement, promote high retention, and effectively conserve labor, financial resources, and prairie dog …

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Native Plant Community Composition And Genetic Diversity Associated With Long-Term Weed Invasions, Brian A. Mealor, Ann L. Hild, Nancy L. Shaw Oct 2004

Native Plant Community Composition And Genetic Diversity Associated With Long-Term Weed Invasions, Brian A. Mealor, Ann L. Hild, Nancy L. Shaw

Western North American Naturalist

Many studies have assessed genetic changes in exotic plant species in their native and introduced ranges, but none have focused on genetic variation in native plant species in response to exotic invasion. We examine characteristics of native plant communities within and outside old (>25 year) invasions of Acroptilon repens (Russian knapweed) and Cardaria draba (hoary cress). We also document genetic variability of 4 native grass populations (Hesperostipa comata [needle and thread], Achnatherum hymenoides [Indian ricegrass], Sporobolus airoides [alkali sacaton], and Poa secunda [Sandberg bluegrass]) from 2 areas: adjacent to and within weed invasions. Native plant species richness and …

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Evaluating The Use Of Morphometric Measurements From Museum Specimens For Sex Determination In Mountain Plovers (Charadrius Montanus), William M. Iko, Stephen J. Dinsmore, Fritz L. Knopf Oct 2004

Evaluating The Use Of Morphometric Measurements From Museum Specimens For Sex Determination In Mountain Plovers (Charadrius Montanus), William M. Iko, Stephen J. Dinsmore, Fritz L. Knopf

Western North American Naturalist

The Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) is a shorebird species endemic to the dry, terrestrial ecosystems of the Great Plains and southwestern United States. Breeding Bird Survey data suggest that Mountain Plover populations have declined by >60% in the last 30 years. A better understanding of the population dynamics of the Mountain Plover is important in determining future management goals for this species. However, this effort is hampered by the inability to determine the sex of Mountain Plovers accurately under field conditions. In an effort to develop a simple method for sexing plovers in the hand, we measured external …

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Full Issue, Vol. 64 No. 4 Oct 2004

Full Issue, Vol. 64 No. 4

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Latrine Use By San Joaquin Kit Foxes (Vulpes Macrotis Mutica) And Coyotes (Canis Latrans), Katherine Ralls, Deborah A. Smith Oct 2004

Latrine Use By San Joaquin Kit Foxes (Vulpes Macrotis Mutica) And Coyotes (Canis Latrans), Katherine Ralls, Deborah A. Smith

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Evaluating The Geographic Distribution Of Plants In Utah From The Atlas Of Vascular Plants Of Utah, R. Douglas Ramsey, Leila Shultz Oct 2004

Evaluating The Geographic Distribution Of Plants In Utah From The Atlas Of Vascular Plants Of Utah, R. Douglas Ramsey, Leila Shultz

Western North American Naturalist

Locations of 73,219 vascular plant vouchers representing 2438 species were digitized from the Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Utah (Albee et al. 1988). Source maps consist of 1:6,000,000-scale shaded relief maps of Utah with points representing collection locations by species. Location points, representing 1 or more specimens, were transposed onto these maps from the approximately 400,000 herbarium records of 3 major universities and federal land management agencies. These source maps were digitized into an ARC/InfoTM database in order to reproduce the atlas in digital form. Analysis of all locations revealed a mapping bias of the original authors to …

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Resolution Scaling In Noncontact Scanning Impedance Imaging, Benjamin C. Green, Tao Shang, Jacey C. Morine, Hongze Liu, Stephen M. Schultz, Travis E. Oliphant, Aaron R. Hawkins Oct 2004

Resolution Scaling In Noncontact Scanning Impedance Imaging, Benjamin C. Green, Tao Shang, Jacey C. Morine, Hongze Liu, Stephen M. Schultz, Travis E. Oliphant, Aaron R. Hawkins

Faculty Publications

Noncontact scanning impedance imaging has been presented as a method to provide high resolution, high contrast images for a variety of material systems. This technique combines electrical impedance measurements with very high resolution scanning. This article reports on efforts to scale this technique down to the very important single micron range and reveals measurements for both thick and thin samples with a measured minimum resolution below 30 µm. A design for a shielded impedance probe applicable to this process is outlined and probes of several different sizes were made and tested. Fabrication of these impedance probes is explained and a …

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Integrated Optical Waveguides With Liquid Cores, Aaron R. Hawkins, John P. Barber, Dongliang Yin, D. W. Deamer, Holger Schmidt Oct 2004

Integrated Optical Waveguides With Liquid Cores, Aaron R. Hawkins, John P. Barber, Dongliang Yin, D. W. Deamer, Holger Schmidt

Faculty Publications

We report the design, fabrication, and demonstration of single-mode integrated optical waveguides with liquid cores. The principle of the device is based on antiresonant reflecting optical (ARROW) waveguides with hollow cores. We describe design principles for waveguide loss optimization down to 0.1/cm. Using a fabrication process based on conventional silicon microfabrication and sacrificial core layers, waveguides of varying widths and lengths with volumes covering the pico- to nanoliter range were fabricated. We observe confined mode propagation, measure waveguide losses of 2.4/cm, and demonstrate that the waveguides possess tailorable wavelength selectivity. The potential for highly integrated, sensitive devices based on these …

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Optical Properties And Application Of Uranium-Based Thin Films For The Extreme Ultraviolet And Soft X-Ray Region, Richard L. Sandberg, David D. Allred, Shannon Lunt, Marie K. Urry, R. Steven Turley Oct 2004

Optical Properties And Application Of Uranium-Based Thin Films For The Extreme Ultraviolet And Soft X-Ray Region, Richard L. Sandberg, David D. Allred, Shannon Lunt, Marie K. Urry, R. Steven Turley

Faculty Publications

Uranium oxide and uranium nitride thin films reflect significantly more than all previously known/standard reflectors (e.g., nickel, gold, and iridium) for most of the 4-10 nm range at low angles of incidence. This work includes measurements of the EUV/soft x-ray (2-20 nm) reflectance of uranium-based thin films (~20 nm thick) and extraction of their optical constants (d and ?). We report the reflectances at 5, 10, and 15 degrees grazing incidence of air-oxidized sputtered uranium, reactively sputtered (O2) uranium oxide, and reactively sputtered (N2) uranium nitride thin films measured at Beamline 6.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence …

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Vytautas Kavolis: Toward A Polylogue Of Civilizations, Leonidas Donskis Oct 2004

Vytautas Kavolis: Toward A Polylogue Of Civilizations, Leonidas Donskis

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

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A Grand Model Of Civilization, Andrew Targowski Oct 2004

A Grand Model Of Civilization, Andrew Targowski

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

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“Every Book…Has Been Read Through” The Brooklyn Saints And Harper's Family Library, Lorin K. Hansen Oct 2004

“Every Book…Has Been Read Through” The Brooklyn Saints And Harper's Family Library, Lorin K. Hansen

BYU Studies

On February 4, 1846, two groups of Latter-day Saints in the United States began their emigration out of the United States. The main body of the Church was leaving from Nauvoo, Illinois, under the leadership of Brigham Young, going overland to the West. The same day, also under instructions from Brigham Young. Samuel Brannan led a group from New York aboard the ship Brooklyn, going by sea around Cape Horn to San Francisco Bay.

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Editor's Note, Joseph Drew Oct 2004

Editor's Note, Joseph Drew

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

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Network-Layer Selective Security, Casey T. Deccio Sep 2004

Network-Layer Selective Security, Casey T. Deccio

Theses and Dissertations

The Internet and other large computer networks have become an integral part of numerous daily processes. Security at the network layer is necessary to maintain infrastructure survivability in the case of cyber attacks aimed at routing protocols. In order to minimize undesired overhead associated with added security at this level, the notion of selective security is proposed. This thesis identifies elements in network topologies that are most important to the survivability of the network. The results show that the strategic placement of network security at critical elements will improve overall network survivability without the necessity of universal deployment.

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Rapid And Convenient Method For Preparing Masters For Microcontact Printing With 1–12 Μm Features, Lloyd W. Zilch, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Yit-Yian Lua, Michael V. Lee, Kevin R. Gertsch, Bennion R. Cannon, Robert M. Perry, Eric T. Sevy, Matthew C. Asplund, Adam T. Woolley, Matthew R. Linford Sep 2004

Rapid And Convenient Method For Preparing Masters For Microcontact Printing With 1–12 Μm Features, Lloyd W. Zilch, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Yit-Yian Lua, Michael V. Lee, Kevin R. Gertsch, Bennion R. Cannon, Robert M. Perry, Eric T. Sevy, Matthew C. Asplund, Adam T. Woolley, Matthew R. Linford

Faculty Publications

Mechanical scribing can be employed to create surfaces with recessed features. Through replica molding elastomeric copies of these scribed surfaces are created that function as stamps for microcontact printing. It is shown that this new method for creating masters for microcontact printing can be performed with a computer-controlled milling machine (CNC), making this method particularly straightforward and accessible to a large technical community that does not need to work in a particle free environment. Thus, no clean room, or other specialized equipment is required, as is commonly needed to prepare masters. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry confirms surface pattering by …

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Evidence Of Linear Lattice Expansion And Covalency Enhancement In Rutile Tio2 Nanocrystals, Guangshe Li, Juliana Boerio-Goates, Brian F. Woodfield, Liping Li Sep 2004

Evidence Of Linear Lattice Expansion And Covalency Enhancement In Rutile Tio2 Nanocrystals, Guangshe Li, Juliana Boerio-Goates, Brian F. Woodfield, Liping Li

Faculty Publications

Lattice variations and bonding characteristics in rutile TiO2 nanocrystals were examined by x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With a reduction in the physical dimensions, rutile TiO2 nanocrystals show a linear lattice expansion and an anomalous covalency enhancement in apparent contradiction to the ionicity increase in BaTiO3 and CuO nanocrystals as reported recently by S. Tsunekawa et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 85, 3440] and V. R. Palkar et al. [Phys. Rev. B 1996, 53, 2167]. A surface defect dipole model is proposed to explain these physical phenomena in terms of the strong interactions among the surface dipoles that produce …

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Testing Species Boundaries In An Ancient Species Complex With Deep Phylogeographic History: Genus Xantusia (Squamata: Xantusiidae), Keith A. Crandall, Elizabeth A. Sinclair, Robert L. Bezy, Kathryn Bolles, Jose L. Camarillo, Jack W. Sites Sep 2004

Testing Species Boundaries In An Ancient Species Complex With Deep Phylogeographic History: Genus Xantusia (Squamata: Xantusiidae), Keith A. Crandall, Elizabeth A. Sinclair, Robert L. Bezy, Kathryn Bolles, Jose L. Camarillo, Jack W. Sites

Faculty Publications

Identification of species in natural populations has recently received increased attention with a number of investigators proposing rigorous methods for species delimitation. Morphologically conservative species (or species complexes) with deep phylogenetic histories (and limited gene flow) are likely to pose particular problems when attempting to delimit species, yet this is crucial to comparative studies of the geography of speciation. We apply two methods of species delimitation to an ancient group of lizards (genus Xantusia) that occur throughout southwestern North America. Mitochondrial cytochrome b and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 4 gene sequences were generated from samples taken throughout the geographic …

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Jumpstarting Phylogenetic Analysis, Mark J. Clement, Keith A. Crandall, Kevin Seppi, Quinn O. Snell Sep 2004

Jumpstarting Phylogenetic Analysis, Mark J. Clement, Keith A. Crandall, Kevin Seppi, Quinn O. Snell

Faculty Publications

When a new epidemic strikes, it is often important to determine the relationship between the current organism and others that have been successfully treated previously. The phylogenetic analysis problem generates the most likely family tree for a group of organisms based on DNA sequence data. This process can take a prohibitively long period of time with current algorithms. If trees resulting from prior searches are used to seed the search, correct trees can be found much more quickly. This jumpstarting algorithm can generate superior phylogenetic solutions much more quickly than existing algorithms.

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What Children Need From Parents (Part 2), Craig H. Hart Aug 2004

What Children Need From Parents (Part 2), Craig H. Hart

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

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Nesting Ecology Of Waterbirds At Grays Lake, Idaho, Jane E. Austin, William H. Pyle Aug 2004

Nesting Ecology Of Waterbirds At Grays Lake, Idaho, Jane E. Austin, William H. Pyle

Western North American Naturalist

Montane wetlands provide valuable habitat for nesting waterfowl and other waterbirds in the western United States, but relatively little information is available about the nesting ecology of their waterbird communities. We describe the general nesting ecology of breeding waterbirds at a large, shallow, montane wetland in southeastern Idaho during 1997–2000. Habitats include upland grasslands and intermittently to semipermanently flooded wetland habitats. We located a total of 1207 nests of 23 bird species: Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis), Canada Goose (Branta canadensis), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Gadwall (A. strepera), American Wigeon (A. americana), …

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Observations Of Sagebrush Gall Morphology And Emergence Of Rhopalomyia Pomum (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) And Its Parasitoids, Ruth A. Hufbauer Aug 2004

Observations Of Sagebrush Gall Morphology And Emergence Of Rhopalomyia Pomum (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) And Its Parasitoids, Ruth A. Hufbauer

Western North American Naturalist

Galls induced by insects are specialized plant tissues thought to provide a suitable microclimate and high-quality food for insect development. Galls are also hypothesized to provide protection from predators, and particularly from parasitoids, because larger galls may be too deep for parasitoid oviposition (enemies hypothesis). However, galls may actually increase the risk of parasitism by making the location of gallformers more apparent (apparency hypothesis). Rhopalomyia pomum (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) forms soft, lobed galls on big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata: Asteraceae). The volume of the largest galls can be 600× that of the smallest. Here I explore the relationships of the …

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Fleas (Siphonaptera) In Nests Of Voles (Microtus Spp.) In Montane Habitats Of Three Regions Of Utah, Glenn E. Haas, James R. Kucera Aug 2004

Fleas (Siphonaptera) In Nests Of Voles (Microtus Spp.) In Montane Habitats Of Three Regions Of Utah, Glenn E. Haas, James R. Kucera

Western North American Naturalist

As a parallel study of a survey of fleas of trapped small mammals in montane southern Utah, we removed 77 adult fleas from 12 of 13 nests of voles (Microtus longicaudus, M. montanus and M. richardsoni) collected from montane meadows in the Abajo and La Sal Mountains, the Markagunt Plateau and Pine Valley Mountains, and the Uinta Mountains, May 1991–July 2002. Six species and subspecies of fleas parasitic on Microtus spp. were found, 1–3 species in each nest. Three specimens of the ubiquitous deer mouse (Peromyscus spp.) flea Aetheca wagneri (Baker) were also found. We collected the …

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Reproduction And Seasonal Activity Of Silver-Haired Bats (Lasionycteris Noctivagans) In Western Nebraska, Keith Geluso, Jeffrey J. Huebschman, Jeremy A. White, Michael A. Bogan Aug 2004

Reproduction And Seasonal Activity Of Silver-Haired Bats (Lasionycteris Noctivagans) In Western Nebraska, Keith Geluso, Jeffrey J. Huebschman, Jeremy A. White, Michael A. Bogan

Western North American Naturalist

Silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) were thought only to migrate through Nebraska; however, recent surveys in eastern Nebraska report summer records of females and their young. Our study in western Nebraska also shows that silver-haired bats are summer residents. We discovered the 1st reproductively active L. noctivagans in this part of the state. We caught lactating females and volant young in riparian forests along the North Platte River and in forested areas of the Pine Ridge. Previously, adult males were not known from Nebraska in summer, and only 4 records of L. noctivagans were known from western Nebraska during …

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Diets Of Nesting Northern Goshawks In The Warner Mountains, California, Rebecca L. Promessi, John O. Matson, Mary Flores Aug 2004

Diets Of Nesting Northern Goshawks In The Warner Mountains, California, Rebecca L. Promessi, John O. Matson, Mary Flores

Western North American Naturalist

Diets of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) in western and eastern North America show regional differences. This variation may be explained by the opportunistic feeding behavior of Northern Goshawks and the greater number of potential prey species in western North America. We predicted that a population of Northern Goshawks in the Warner Mountains of California would take significantly more mammals than birds as prey. Goshawk diet in the Warner Mountains was determined by pellet analysis and prey remains. A total of 33 samples from 23 nest sites was collected and analyzed. Diets were quantified by determining the minimum number …

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Host-Based Morphometric Differentiation In Three Cinara Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) Feeding On Pinus Edulis And P. Monophylla, Colin Favret, David J. Voegtlin Aug 2004

Host-Based Morphometric Differentiation In Three Cinara Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) Feeding On Pinus Edulis And P. Monophylla, Colin Favret, David J. Voegtlin

Western North American Naturalist

Cinara edulis (Wilson), C. terminalis (Gillette and Palmer), and C. wahtolca Hottes were all larger when feeding on Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem. than when feeding on P. edulis Engelm. Almost all nonsetal morphometric characters were longer in aphids on the former of these pinyon pines. Although mouthpart characters also followed this pattern of size in C. edulis and C. wahtolca, rostrum length showed the opposite pattern in C. terminalis and was shorter when on P. monophylla. This reversal in size pattern suggests that mouthpart size can be independent of overall aphid size. Principal components analyses corroborate the …

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Cannibalism And Predation By Western Toad (Bufo Boreas) Larvae In Oregon, Usa, D. Jess Jordan, Christopher J. Rombough, Christopher A. Pearl, Brome Mccreary Aug 2004

Cannibalism And Predation By Western Toad (Bufo Boreas) Larvae In Oregon, Usa, D. Jess Jordan, Christopher J. Rombough, Christopher A. Pearl, Brome Mccreary

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Historical Biogeography Of The Woodchuck (Marmota Monax Bunkeri) In Nebraska And Northern Kansas, Zachary P. Roehrs, Hugh H. Genoways Aug 2004

Historical Biogeography Of The Woodchuck (Marmota Monax Bunkeri) In Nebraska And Northern Kansas, Zachary P. Roehrs, Hugh H. Genoways

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Age And Growth Of Least Chub, Iotichthys Phlegethontis, In Wild Populations, Michael D. Mills, Mark C. Belk, Russell B. Rader, Joshua E. Brown Aug 2004

Age And Growth Of Least Chub, Iotichthys Phlegethontis, In Wild Populations, Michael D. Mills, Mark C. Belk, Russell B. Rader, Joshua E. Brown

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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